Directions on reading skills

No. 5 Middle School

By Hou Na

阅读理解考纲说明：

1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2. 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；3. 理解作者的意图、态度；4. 能把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的关系，

并能据此进行推理和判断；5. 能根据材料所提供的信息，结合常识正确判断生词

的含义。

一、主旨大意【解题指导】

大多数的文章都有自己的主题句 主题句往往直接表达了文章的中心思想，因此找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。

1. Today the problem of environment has become

more and more serious. The world population is

rising, so quickly that the world has become too

crowded. We are using up our natural resources

too quickly and at the same time we are polluting

our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we

continue to do this, human life on earth will not

survive.

2.A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. Indeed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.

3.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark

night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so

helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact,

the modern flashlight brings light to many dark

situations. Finding something in the back of a

closet is easy with a flashlight in hand; a camper

also needs one after the light of the campfire has

been out.

4.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the

University of Paris and decided to leave his

graduation. He transferred to the University of

Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law

School and, later, Boston College provided him

with an excellent legal background. He is presently

a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Joshua Bingham received an excellent graduation.

【技巧总结】主题句的呈现形式（ 1 ）在开头出现 不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想。（ 2 ）在结尾出现不少文章前面几段分述细节和解释说明，最后一段归纳要点、得出结论或概括主题。（ 3 ）在中间出现有些文章前面几段分述细节和解释说明，中间一段归纳要点、得出结论或概括主题，最后几段再分述细节和解释说明。（ 4 ）有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，需要归纳概括，在概括时既不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

1.Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.For 40 years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to death? It must have some secret. ……………What is the text mainly about?A. The terrible conditions in the AntarcticB. A special fish living in freezing waters.C. The ice shelf around Antarctic D. Protection of the Antarctic

2. One morning a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rubenstein overslept. For this busy man, it was a sort of alarm: after years of non-stop hard work, he might wear himself out and die an early death.-------- Rest is a spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “remember the Sabbath’ is more than simply permission to rest.What is the main idea of this passage?A. we should balance work with rest.B. the Sabbath gives us permission to rest.C. it is silly for anyone to say “I am busy”.D. we should be available to our family and friends.

3.Which gender is the most talkative? No matter what you answer ， you are partially right. In a recent research by Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres ， they found a small but reliable tendency for men to be more talkative than women in certain cases ，such as when they were conversing with their wives or with strangers ． Women talked more to their children and to their college classmates ．which of the following statements describes the main idea of the passage? A. Women are born more talkative than men ． B. Men are born more talkative than women ． C. Women and men are talkative in different cases ． D. Women are no more talkative than men ．

二、猜测词义【解题指导】

阅读材料是由一个一个的单词构成的，每个词都

是有机整体的一部分，因此做这类题目时一定要根据

上下文所提供的特定语境来推测判断词义。

1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. __________

2.Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by Japane

se. ___________

3. Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational school

s? __________

4.One morning a few years ago ， Harvard President Neil R

ubenstein overslept ． For this busy man ， it was a sort of

alarm ： after years of non—stop hard work ， he might we

ar himself out and die an early death ．The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to“__________ ” ． A ． a signal of stress B ． a warning of danger

C ． a sign of age D ． a spread of disease

人类学

木屐

男女同校的

5. A two—bedroom flat in Moscow now costs$4 ， 000 a month ； a CD$24 ． 83 ， and an international newspaper$6 ． 30 ， according to Mercer ． By comparison ， a fast food meal with a hamburger ( 汉堡包 )is a steal at$4 ． 80 ．What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean? A ． an act of stealing B ． something delicious C ． something very cheap D ． an act of buying6. As we set out ， 1 was shocked at how narrow the path was ． And I couldn’t help nothing that the other tourists weren’t like us ． They had heavy backpacks ， water bottles ， and hats ． But as usual we Were dressed ． As the sun rose higher ． Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast( 烘烤 )us ． There was no shade and our legs were aching ．We decided to go back ， with the girl on my back and the boys far behind ． By the time we finally got back ， our legs were like jelly ． The underlined expression “our legs were like jelly” probably means__________ ． A ． we were weak B ． we were unhappy C ． we were dissatisfied D ． we were disappointed

【技巧总结】1. 根据定义或解释猜测词义。可以利用定语从句、同位语从句以及一些标志词如： means, namely ，in other words, that is to say 等找出猜词的线索。2. 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义。常见的引出同义词的词语有 and, or, like, also, similarly 等。3. 根据构词法方面的知识，从生词的词根、前缀、后缀来猜测词义。4.. 根据具体事例猜测词义。5. 根据对比关系猜测词义。常见的引出反义词的词语有 though, while, but, yet, however, on the contrary, on the other hand 等。6. 根据因果关系猜测词义。

1.Another strategy used at some well--known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work ， touring the park dressed as Mickey Mouse or something like that ． This provides them with a perfect chance to examine the scene and watch the customers without being noticed ．What does the word “This” underlined in the last sentence refer to?A ． Visiting Disneyland B ． Wearing attractive clothesC ． Acting Mickey Mouse D ． Dressing up and walking around ．2. Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims （声称） as its own. ______________3. It is a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point. ____________

领域，地盘

未被商业化的

4. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right ， but with somewhat less enthusiasm ． The appearance of a cat again caused a right—hand side wag ， although with less intensity.The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means __________ ． A ． surprise B ． worry C ． excitement D ． interest5.Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .According to the passage, The Pines is a  __________. A ． place in which you can see many mobile homes B ． mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C ． town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D ． restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

Homework:

Finish the exercises

Thank you