diseÑo del biodigestor
TRANSCRIPT
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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AKV@XUCI 5
H@QEÛI HEC J@IH@OEQXIZ
5.; LKAXIZEQ HE AIMQXZUAAA@IM
Ec h`oestir puehe estkr beabi aim h`leremtes gkter`kces he aimstruaa`ñm, y puehe
estkr emterrkhi i sijre ec m`vec hec sueci, puehe ser vert`akc u bir`zimtkc.
Ck akgpkmk kcgkaemkhirk hec oks, cckgkhk oksñgetri, que puehe ser gñv`c y
lcitkmte, aujre ec h`oestir y puehe aimstru`rse he getkc, pcëst`ais, lerriaegemti i
l`nk he gkgpisterçk, em itris aksis estk akgpkmk gñv`c puehe estkr sepkrkhk hec
h`oestir, ck luma`ñm he estk akgpkmk es ck he kcgkaemkr ec oks que se prihuae em
ec h`oestir, khegës enerae pres`ñm kc oks pkrk ec aimsugi.
H`spime he um tkmque he akrok em himhe se prepkrk ck gezack he ck gkter`k
pr`gk, aim kouk y k trkvàs he um huati es hepis`tkhk em ec limhi hec h`oestir. Ck
akpka`hkh he este, heje ser `oukc kc vicugem hec gkter`kc k h`oer`rse, que requ`ere
ec h`oestir h`kr`kgemte4 kh`a`imkcgemte, se puehe aiciakr i mi um tkmque he
kcgkaemkg`emti hec res`hui (kjimi) que skce hec h`oestir y heje estkr aiciakhi k
;26 orkhis hec tkmque he akrok, gçm`gi 06 orkhis.
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Vkrk aigpcegemtkr um priyeati he j`ioës, se bkae meaeskr`i temer guy em
auemtk a`ertks aims`herka`imes que k ck pistre tirmkm em cks hea`hirks hec àx`ti i
lrkaksi em ck luma`imkc`hkh he um s`stegk, ksç pihegis a`tkr>
QECEAA@IM HEC CIAKC HE @GVCEGEMXKA@IM (Q@X@I K AIMQXZU@ZQE)>
k. Heje ser he kaaesi lëa`c hurkmte tihi ec kûi
j. \er`l`akr he mi estkr expuesti k luertes y aimt`muks airr`emtes he
v`emtis
a. Ev`tkr ëreks he pis`jces `mumhka`imes
h. \er`l`akr ck h`spim`j`c`hkh he kouk sul`a`emtegemte pergkmemte pkrk ck
akrok reouckr y c`gp`ezk
e. [ue pis`j`c`te um ret`rkhi aigpceti he ck akrok (em aksi he c`gp`ezk)
l. Ev`tkr s`t`is aim m`vec lreët`ais, kcti
o. Qe heje uj`akr kc h`oestir em um pumti gës prñx`gi kc s`t`i he
aiciaka`ñm hec est`àraic y k cis pumtis he aimsugi hec oks "Es
preler`jce ccevkr ec oks pir tujerçk que ec est`àraic pir akrret`cck"
b. Ec h`oestir mi heje uj`akrse k gës he 16 - 86 getris hec airrkc i
estkjci4 h`stkma`ks super`ires pernuh`akm ec trkjkni he akrok kc h`oestir
`. Heje priaurkrse um s`t`i aim jkstkmte `msicka`ñm
n. Qe uj`akrë k pir cis gemis ;5 getris he h`stkma`k he ck luemte he kouk
d. Qe kpriveabkrëm s t̀`is aim a`erti heac`ve, pkrk que lka`c`te ck pis`jce
akrok y hesakrok kutigët`ak.
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5.: LKAXIZEQ UX@C@XKZ@IQ
- LUMA@ÑM VZ@MA@VKC.
Cis s`stegks `mteorkhis pkrk ec a`ackhi y ck reauperka`ñm he reaursis y genirk em
cks aimh`a`imes he skmekg`emti he umk zimk hejem aims`herkr aigi ene aemtrkc
hec s`stegk um h`oestir kmkerij`i
Ck luma`ñm pr`ma`pkc pkrk ec estkjcea`g`emti hec j`ih`oestir es que aimst`tuyem
umk vkc`isk kctermkt`vk pkrk ec trktkg`emti he cis heseabis iroëm`ais presemtes em
cks kouks res`hukces yk que prev`eme ck aimtkg`mka`ñm he cis auerpis he kouk y kc
g`sgi t`egpi sug`m`strk um oks aigjust`jce (lumhkgemtkcgemte getkmi) que
puehe egpcekrse pkrk skt`slkaer ck hegkmhk he emeroçk he umk aigum`hkh y um
elcuemte que puehe ser ut`c`zkhi aigi lert`c`zkmte.
Ec j`ioës es egpcekhi lumhkgemtkcgemte em ck oemerka`ñm ecàatr`ak, em gitires
pkrk jigjks he kouk, kcugjrkhi, em ck aiaa`ñm he kc`gemtis y equ`pis he
relr`oerka`ñm. Ec elcuemte em ec r`eoi he pksturks y em ck oemerka`ñm he j`igkskaukmhi es siget`hi k pistrktkg`emti.
Ec trktkg`emti he exaregemti he km`gkces y bugkmis em s`stegks he J`ioës
genirk cks aimh`a`imes he skmekg`emti pkrk cis prip`etkr`is he ck pckmtk, sus
lkg`c`ks y ck aigum`hkh emterk yk que ec aimtem`hi `m`a`kc he pktñoemis hec
exaregemti se rehuae kprea`kjcegemte hej`hi k cis priaesis he lergemtka`ñm.
Ck khipa`ñm he j`ih`oestires bk s`hi guy kctk emtre kor`auctires he ëreks himhe
ck ceûk esaksek i ec kaaesi k eceatr`a`hkh u itrks luemtes he emeroçk es c`g`tkhi.
Estk s`tuka`ñm bk s`hi ijservkhk em akgpis he Aicigj`k, Aistk Z`ak, Eaukhir, y
Qr` Ckmdk. Aigi um resuctkhi he ck `mvest`oka`ñm em ck teamicioçk he j`ioës, se
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bkm heskrricckhi h`leremtes h`seûis he pckmtks he j`ioës aigi ec aksi hec t`pi he
ck @mh`k, aim umk akgpkmk lcitkmte i ec giheci ab`mi he akgpkmk l`nk pkrk ec
kcgkaemkg`emti he j`ioës
Em zimks trip`akces cis gihecis he ck @mh`k (tkgj`àm aimia`hi aigi Oijkr) y ec
giheci Ab`mi bkm tem`hi prijcegks pir ck kpkr`a`ñm he or`etks em ec aimareti
uskhi pkrk aimstru`r estks um`hkhes, espea`kcgemte hurkmte per`ihis ckrois he
kctks tegperkturks.
Ck pckmtk he j`ioës, que es ec migjre airreati he ck `mstkcka`ñm he estk tes`s,
aims`ste em um h`oestir, que mi es gës que ec hepñs`ti himhe se `mtrihuaem cis
gkter`kces he hesperh`a`is, y umk akgpkmk kcgkaemkhirk he oks.
umk muevk teamicioçk. Cis jemel`a`is h`reatis `macuyem, pir enegpci, okstis mi
`maurr`his em ck aigprk he itris aigjust`jces aimvema`imkces, orka`ks kc usi he
j`ioës y hec elcuemte hec j`ih`oestir. \kcires luma`imkces `macuyem ec pitema`kc he
ck teamicioçk pkrk h`sg`mu`r `gpkatis kgj`emtkces akuskhis pir itrks luemtes
aimvema`imkces he emeroçk.
- UQIQ.
Este priyeati estkrë jemel`a`kmhi he lirgk `mteorkc k ck orkmnk em ck aukc se
rekc`zk ck aimstruaa`ñm.
He lirgk emeroàt`ak, ec oks aigjust`jce, que se ijt`eme em ck aëgkrk, aigi
aimseauema`k he ck lergemtka`ñm kmkerñj`ak (s`m¿ k`re) he cis heseabis hec
est`àraic km`gkc gezackhis aim kouk, mis kyuhkrk pr`ma`pkcgemte k ck
ac`gkt`zka`ñm y em seoumhi cuokr k ck aiaa`ñm he cis kc`gemtis he cks persimks
prip`etkr`ks he h`abi cuokr.
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Ec J`ilert`c`zkmte que es ec res`hui he ck lergemtka`ñm kmkerñj`ak, se ci ijt`eme
hespuàs he ck prihuaa`ñm he j`ioës.
Es um kjimi ipt`gi, r`ai em mutr`emtes, aigi M`trñoemi, lisliri y Vitks`i. Mi
t`eme gkc icir, mi ktrke `mseatis, c`jre he g`ariirokm`sgis aimstkmtes he pckoks y
emlergehkhes y perg`t`rë umk genir ks`g`cka`ñm he cks pckmtks y auct`vis hec cuokr.
P l`mkcgemte serë ut`c`zkhi pkrk usi skm`tkr`i yk que, pir ck oeiorklçk, es
`gpis`jce ec hremkne he h`abis res`huis, pir ci que aim este priyeati trktkregis
he hkr y emseûkr umk genir skcujr`hkh hec cuokr.
- IZOKM@^KX@\I
Estk pckmtk serë aims`herkhk he tkgkûi lkg`c`kr, he um vicugem kprix`gkhi he
;: g1
pihrë prihua`r emtre ;,5 y : g1
he j`ioës y umis ;66 c`tris h`kr`is he
lert`c`zkmte, k pkrt`r hec est`àraic he 56 aerhis kprix`gkhkgemte. Aim este j`ioës,
umk lkg`c`k he <-2 g`egjris puehe> aia`mkr :-1 aig`hks i bkaer luma`imkr um
relr`oerkhir tihi ec hçk y umk cëgpkrk hurkmte 1 birks i kc`gemtkr um gitir
oemerkhir he 1 d_ hurkmte umk birk. Estis vkcires gema`imkhis kmter`irgemte
se hetkcckrkm he genir gkmerk em cis akpçtucis s`ou`emtes.
- AKVKA@HKH.
Ck akpka`hkh hec j`ih`oestir serë aims`herkhi pequeûi yk que temegis um
vicugem he j`ih`oestir he ;: g1
- IVEZKA@ÑM
Ec h`oestir he auj`ertk lcitkmte, umk vez em lkse estka`imkr`k, t`eme um
gkmtem`g`emti guy s`gpce, que aigpirtk guy piai trkjkni extrk kc akgpes`mi.
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Ck kc`gemtka`ñm se eleatþk he lirgk kutigët`ak, estë h`seûkhi ec estkjci he
lirgk kheaukhk pkrk que ck akrok he emtrkhk hec h`oestir sek h`reatkgemte.
Em aksi he kc`gemtkr ec h`oestir aim gës sustrkti hec prev`sti i he kauguckr umk
akmt`hkh exaes`vk he oks, ck prip`k aëgkrk he expkms`ñm h`spime he um
rejiskheri pkrk evkaukr ec vicugem sijrkmte. Cis prijcegks he ijturka`ñm he
cis aimhuatis pihrëm skcvkrse geh`kmte ck `mtrihuaa`ñm he um àgjici pir cis
g`sgis.
Em aksi he que puehk a`rauckr gkqu`mkr`k peskhk pir ck zimk, se hejerë he
kcertkr he ck presema`k hec h`oestir, pkrk ev`tkr pis`jces herrugjkg`emtis.
Cks kat`v`hkhes h`kr`ks serëm>
- Zeccemkr ck pckmtk
- C`gp`kr ck aëgkrk he gezack
- Ko`tkr ec aimtem`hi hec rekatir
- Abequekr ck pres`ñm hec oks
- Abequekr cis kauguckhires he oks
- Abequekr ck kpkr`ema`k y icir hec j`ic
- Vkrk h`spimer he um perl`c he luma`imkg`emti he ck pckmtk, cis abequeis
h`kr`is puehem reo`strkrse pir esar`ti. Esti perg`t`rë aigpkrkr ec
luma`imkg`emti y cis pkrëgetris akrkaterçst`ais he ck pckmtk, s` estk estë
trkjknkmhi em cks aimh`a`imes ñpt`gks y pkrk heteatkr gkc
luma`imkg`emtis k pr`ir`.
Qegkmkcgemte i gemsukcgemte se>
- Qkakrë i uskrë ec lert`c`zkmte iroëm`ai i j`ic
- Ckvkrëm e `mspeaa`imkrëm cks kpc`aka`imes he oks
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- Abequekrëm cks vëcvucks, kauguckhires y tujerçks he oks
- @mspeaa`imkrë ck trkgpk he kouk (ver kpkrtkhi j`ioës)
Cks kat`v`hkhes kmukces serëm- @mspeaa`imkr s` bky espugk em ec rekatir, ret`rëmhick s` luerk prea`si
kjr`emhi ck pckmtk
- @mspeaa`imkr ck `gpergekj`c`hkh kc kouk y kc oks
- Bkaer um teste he pres`ñm em cks vëcvucks, kauguckhires y tujerçks he
oks
- @mspeaa`imkr ec kcgkaàm he oks, s` t`eme l`surks, y rep`mtkrci s` seprea`sk
- Q` ck pckmtk se bk `m`a`khi airreatkgemte, estk luma`imkrë em rào`gem
reouckr, y ec prip`etkr`i serë qu`em hejerë mitkr cks vkr`ka`imes
kmñgkcks que puehem s`om`l`akr kcoþm prijcegk. Ec pr`ger kspeati que
se mitkrë serë umk vkr`ka`ñm em ck prihuaa`ñm he oks.
5.1 H@GEMQ@IMKG@EMXI
Ec t`egpi he retema`ñm es um pkrëgetri que þm`akgemte es exkati em cis
rekatires t`pi jktab. Vkrk cks pckmtks he luma`imkg`emti aimt`mui, um vkcir
kprix`gkhi serë ec que se ijt`eme he h`v`h`r ec vicugem hec rekatir pir ec vicugem
he sustrkti h`kr`i kc`gemtkhi. Cis lkatires he h`seûi, ck oeigetrçk hec h`oestir, ec
gezackhi eta. pihrëm bkaer vkr`kr este pkrëgetri he lirgk mitkjce pkrk kcoumis
aimtem`his aimaretis hec sustrkti. Ksç ec t`egpi he retema`ñm gçm`gi k kpc`akr
hepemherë he ck tegperkturk he trkjkni y he ck mkturkcezk hec sustrkti.
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Xkjck 5.; X`egpis he Zetema`ñm em Zkmoi Gesilçc`ai.?8
Q` ec t`egpi he retema`ñm es hegks`khi airti se prihuae ec lemñgemi he –wksb-
iut‗ i ckvkhi he cks jkater`ks, pir cks que estks skcem hec h`oestir s`m bkjerse
heskrricckhi `mterrugp`emhi ksç ec priaesi. Em cks pckmtks korçaicks piaks veaes
suaehe este lemñgemi, guabi gës aigþm aim pckmtks he kouks res`hukces.
Ck aimaepa`ñm tàam`ak he cks pckmtks he j`ioës v`eme heterg`mkhk pir ec ijnet`vi
he aimseou`r cis pkrëgetris `hekces pkrk ec heskrricci he cks jkater`ks.
K pkrte he esi, cks s`ou`emtes c`g`tka`imes / requer`g`emtis iperkt`vis hejem
aims`herkrse>
- X`pi y aigpis`a`ñm he ck gkter`k iroëm`ak, que heterg`mk ec t`pi he
priaesi
- Ck hegkmhk ex`stemte he j`ioës y lert`c`zkmte, y ck akmt`hkh he sustrkti
h`spim`jce, que aimh`a`imkm ec tkgkûi hec rekatir
- Aiste hec trkjkni he aimstruaa`ñm y gkmtem`g`emti, `macuyemhi ck
meaes`hkh he gkqu`mkr`k.
Ec tkgkûi hec rekatir hepemhe he ck akmt`hkh, ck akc`hkh y ec t`pi he j`igksk
h`spim`jce, ksç aigi he ck tegperkturk he trkjkni.Vkrk ec aëcauci he pckmtks he j`ioës se puehe pkrt`r he his kmëc`s`s h`leremtes>
?8 @mo. Akrrksai Lrkmdc`m. (:662). Mitk he Kuck He Emeroçks Mi Aimvema`imkces
Est`àraic cçqu`hi he vkak :6-16 hçksEst`àraic cçqu`hi he aerhi ;5-: hçksEst`àraic cçqu`hi he kve :6-86 hçks
Est`àraic km`gkc gezackhi aim res`huis veoetkces 56-26 hçks
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;. [ue se aimizakm cks akmt`hkhes exkatks he cks gkter`ks iroëm`aks que
hesekgis priaeskr y k pkrt`r he eccks akcauckr tihi ec j`ioës y kjimi, ksç
aigi ec tkgkûi kheaukhi hec h`oestir pkrk ec trktkg`emti he ec gkter`kc
hesekhi.
:. [ue aimizakgis ck akmt`hkh he emeroçk j`ioës y kjimi que se requ`ere
sug`m`strkr y k pkrt`r he estis vkcires, akcauckr ck gkter`k iroëm`ak que se
requ`erk y su airrespimh`emte h`oestir.
Vkrk heterg`mkr cks meaes`hkhes emeroàt`aks he ck prip`ehkh bky que aims`herkr
cis s`ou`emtes pkrëgetris>
Xkjck 5.: Meaes`hkhes Emeroàt`aks?5
Vir aukcqu`erk he cis his akg`mis gema`imkhis, se cceok kc h`gems`imkg`emti hech`oestir.
Vkrk ec presemte trkjkni, tigkregis ec pr`ger aksi, es hea`r pir cks akmt`hkhes
exkatks he gkter`k iroëm`ak que hesekgis priaeskr y k pkrt`r he eccks akcauckr
tihi ec j`ioës y kjimi, pkrk ci aukc hejegis aims`herkr ci s`ou`emte>
k. X`pi he km`gkc hec que priaehe ec est`àraic y mþgeri kprix`gkhi he cis
g`sgis
j. H`spim`j`c`hkh he est`àraic (gkter`ks pr`gks) em ck prip`ehkh.
?5 @mo. Akrrksai Lrkmdc`m. (:662). Mitk he Kuck He Emeroçks Mi Aimvema`imkces.
Aia`mk 6.:1 g oks/persimk/hçk@cug`mka`ñm 6.;: g oks/birk/cëgpkrkGitir 6.86 g oks/BV/birkZelr̀ oerkhir :.5 g oks/hçk
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Vkrk este aksi heterg`mkgis ck h`spim`j`c̀ hkh he est`àraic i he cks gkter`ks
pr`gks, em jkse k cis s`ou`emtes pkrëgetris>
Xkjck 5.1 Gkter`k Vr`gk?<
Jiv`mi khucti estkjuckhi 16 Do/hçkJiv`mi khucti seg` estkjuckhi ;5 Do/hçkVira`mi (» 56 Do) :.: do/hçk
Kves (: Do pesi) 6.;: Do/hçkAkjkcci ;: o/hçk
Ec j`ih`oestir k h`seûkr y aimstru`r, temhrë aigi akrok sici ec est`àraic he okmkhi
pira`mi, es hea`r>Okmkhi pira`mi (» 56 Do) he pesi :.: do he est`àraic /hçk
Em ck Orkmnk himhe se vk rekc`zkr ec trkjkni, ec mþgeri he okmkhi pira`mi es he
56 km`gkces.
Vir ci tkmti ck akmt`hkh he est`àraic ck akcauckgis he ck s`ou`emte gkmerk
?< @mo. Akrrksai Lrkmdc`m. (:662). Mitk he Kuck he Emeroçks Mi Aimvema`imkces
AËAUCI HE CK AKMX@HKH XIXKC HE EQX@EZAIC>
VK <; Mþgeri he km`gkces
Vir akhk km`gkcAK :.:
doYest
h`k
Eah VK AK
Akmt`hkh titkc he est`àraic Eah ;18.: doYest
h`k
(5.;)
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Qe heje aims`herkr ck akmt`hkh he kouk requer`hk pkrk prepkrkr ck gezack he
h`oest`ñm, pkrk ci aukc kmitkgis ck Xkjck 5.8>
Xkjck 5.8 Vira`imes he Kouk.??
Jiv`mi Lresai ;>;Qeai ;>:
Vira`mi ;>: Kves ;>;Equ`mi ;>:
Heseabis Bugkmis ;>;Heseabis \eoetkces ; > 6,5-:
Emtimaes pkrk ec est`àraic pira`mi se t`eme umk recka`ñm ;>: (; Do he est`àraic pir
: Do he kouk).
Es hea`r, que pkrk cis ;18.: Do he est`àraic he muestri kmëc`s`s, hejegis kûkh`r
:<2.8 Do he kouk, ci que mis hkrçk 86:.< Do he gezack que hejegis akrokr
tihis cis hçk kc h`oestir.
5.8 \ICUGEM HEC J@IH@OEQXIZ
Ec vicugem hec h`oestir (\h) se heterg`mk k pkrt`r hec t`egpi he retema`ñm
b`hrëuc`ak (XZ) y ck akmt`hkh he sustrkti h`kr`i `mtrihua`hi (\ah) ks`>
?? @mo. Akrrksai Lrkmdc`m. (:662). Mitk He Kuck He Emeroçks Mi Aimvema`imkces
AKMX@HKH HE GE^ACK
\ah Eah :Eah Zecka`ñm ; do est`àraic k : do he kouk
Gezack titkc he akrok h`kr`k \ah 86:.<
doYgezack
h`k
(5.:)
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;16
\h Tg1W 7 XZ ThçksW * \ah Tg
1/hçkW (5.1)
Ec t`egpi he retema`ñm v`eme hkhi pir ck tegperkturk he trkjkni hec rekatir. Vkrk
umk pckmtk mi akcemtkhk, se t`eme que s` estë emterrkhk se emaimtrkrë umi i his
orkhis pir ema`gk he ck tegperkturk hec sueci. Qe hejerë aims`herkr ck vkr`ka`ñm
estka`imkc he ck tegperkturk, h`gems`imkmhi ec tkgkûi em luma`ñm he cks
aimh`a`imes gës heslkvirkjces. Vkrk umk pckmtk s`gpce, ec t`egpi he retema`ñm
gçm`gi estkrë em umis 86 hçks. Kþm ksç ck exper`ema`k bk hegistrkhi que pckmtks
aim XZ he <6-26 hçks, y bkstk ;66 hçks luma`imkm, y aim um gkyir t`egpi he
retema`ñm se aims`oue umk gkyir prihuaa`ñm he oks, kcakmzkmhi prihuaa`imes he
bkstk um 86% gës.
Ec vicugem hec sustrkti `mtrihua`hi hepemherë he ck akmt`hkh he kouk que se
kûkhk pkrk kcakmzkr ck pripira`ñm he sñc`his kheaukhk, hec 8-2%. Em guabks
pckmtks korçaicks ec rkt`i he gezack hec est`àraic pira`mi estë hkhi em ck Xkjck
5.5.
AËAUCI HEC \ICUGEM HEC J@IH@OEQXIZ
XZ 16 H`ks
\h \ah X
\h ;:6?2 C C`tris he est`àraic
Em \icugem>
\hv \h
;666
\hv ;:.6?2 g1 \icugem titkc requer`hi
X`egpi he Zetema`ñm
(5.8)
(5.5)
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;1;
Ci que em muestri aksi equ`vkce kprix`gkhkgemte k ;: g1.
5.5 AËAUCI HE VZIHUAA@ÑM J@IOKQ VIZ H@K
Vkrk heterg`mkr ck akmt`hkh titkc he emeroçk hejegis aimiaer ck prihuaa`ñm hej`ioës que prihuae ;do he est`àraic pira`mi, ec aukc pihegis ver em ck Xkjck 5.5
Xkjck 5.5 Vrihuaa`ñm He J`ioës?2
?2 @mo. Akrrksai Lrkmdc`m. (:665).Mitk he Kuck he Emeroçks Mi Aimvema`imkces.
; do he est`àraic jiv`mi 6,612 g he j`ioës; do he est`àraic he kve 6,681 g1 he j`ioës; do he est`àraic pira`mi 6,615 g1 he j`ioës; do he est`àraic veoetkces 6,686 g he j`ioës
AËAUCI HE VZIHUAA@ÑM HE J@IOËQ VIZ HÇK
Vrihuaa`ñm he oks pkrk est`àraic pira`mi 7 6.615 g he J`ioës
QH Eah 6.615
QH 8.<0? g
1J`ioks
h`k
Qe heje kûkh`r um 5 kc ;6 % hec titkc pir gkroem he seour`hkh esti es>
Lkatir he seour`hkh hec ;6%
QHt QH QH 6.;
Vrihuaa`ñm he j`ioës kc hçk
QHt 5.;<?
g1J`ioks
h`k
(5.<)
(5.?)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;1:
5.< H@QEÛI HE CK GKMVIQXEZ@K
Em jkse kc vicugem hec h`oestir akcauckhi kmter`irgemte, hejegis aimiaer ec
resti he h`gems`imes hec h`oestir, pkrk ci aukc seou`gis ck s`ou`emte getihicioçk>
Oemerkcgemte cis h`oestires sim a`cçmhr`ais, hej`hi k que estk lirgk oeigàtr`ak
es guy aims`stemte, requ`ere gemir akmt`hkh he gkter`kces he aimstruaa`ñm, y
ec`g`mkr cks kr`stks i esqu`mks he cks pkrehes que puehem perg`t`r luoks he oks.
Aimia`emhi ec vicugem akcauckgis ck prilumh`hkh hec pizi (t`pi vert`akc)
aims`herkmhi que se trktk he um j`ih`oestir a`cçmhr`ai vert`akc he h`ëgetri (h) @oukc
k ck prilumh`hkh (b).
h7b
y skjegis que>
\ h
:
8
b
Himhe>
\ 7 vicugem.
Zeegpckzkmhi b pir h>
h
1\ 8
(5.2)
(5.0)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;11
Zegpckzkmhi pir sus vkcires temegis>
Xemegis emtimaes que um h`oestir he ;: g1 he vicugem serë um pizi he :.8 g
he h`ëgetri y :.8 g he prilumh`hkh (h7b).
Aigi ck recka`ñm he kcturk h`ëgetri hec pizi mi meaeskr`kgemte es he ; k ;,
vegis ec aëcauci he ck prilumh`hkh hec pizi pkrk este g`sgi h`oestir he ;: g1 he
vicugem, s` est`puckgis um h`ëgetri he :.;6 g.
Kpc`akmhi>
\ h
: 8
b
Hespenkgis>
b \ 8
h:
Zeegpckzkmhi sus vkcires respeat`vkgemte temegis>
Xem`emhi cks h`gems`imes hec h`oestir que serçkm
h 7 :.;6 g H`ëgetri
h
1;: 8
h :.82;
b ;: 8
::
b 1.2: g( )
(5.;6)
(5.;;)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;18
b 7 1.2: g Kcturk
Qe priaeherë k ck exakvka`ñm, sugkmhi ec orisir he ck pkreh ckterkc y hec limhi.
K aimt`muka`ñm bkaegis ec kmëc`s`s he ck akmt`hkh titkc he ckhr`ccis que ut`c`zkregispkrk ck aimstruaa`ñm hec j`ih`oestir aim cks h`gems`imes kmtes gema`imkhks.
Vkrk ec aëcauci he cks h`stkma`ks, ut`c`zkgis ec priorkgk KutiAkh
Ckroi titkc he vkr`cck 7 (;:6+;;2+;;1+;61+20+<<)*:*8
Ckroi titkc he vkr`cck 7 82?: ag 7 82 g
L`ourk 5.;> H`seûi hec Gkcckhi pkrk Ck Jkse hec Vizi
Cis 82 getris represemtk um titkc he 8 vkr`ccks he ;: g he ckroi y he ;6 gg he Ò
AKCAUCI HEC MÞGEZI HE \KZ@CCKQ UX@C@^KHKQ EM EC GKCCKHI VKZK
CK JKQE HE BIZG@OIM KZGKHI HEC VI^I
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;15
AKCAUCI HEC GKXEZ@KC VKZK CK GKMVIQXEZ@K
AKCAUCI HEC M GEZI HE CKHZ@CCIQ UX@C@^KHIQ EM CK VKZEH
HEC VEZ@GEXZI HEC J@IH@OEQXIZ
g H`ëgetri hec j`ih`oestir
Vj h
Vj <.50? g
Akcauci hec ërek titkc he j`ih`oestir
b 8 g Kcturk titkc hec j`ih`oestir aims`herkmhi heac`ve
Ërek titkc hec j`ih`oestir
Kj :<.120 g:
Ërek he Akhk Ckhr`cci
g Ckroi he ckhr`cci
g Kcturk hec ckhr`cci
Kc Cc b
Kc 6.61; g: Ërek Xitkc hec Ckhr`cci
Verçgetri hec j`ih`oestir
Ërek hec aimareti
Ërek hec Aimareti Bir`zimtkc Kc Ckhr`cci
Kab 6.66? g:
Kav 6.66: g: Ërek hec Aimareti \ert`akc Kc Ckhr`cci
h :.;6
Kj Vj b
bc 6.60
Cc 6.18
Kab Cc 6.6:
Kav bc 6.6:
(5.;:)
(5.;1)
(5.;8)
(5.;5)
(5.;<)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;1<
Aigi pihegis ijservkr em ck s`ou`emte l`ourk
L`ourk 5.:> H`gems`imes hec Ckhr`cci gës Aimareti
Ërek Xitkc hec Ckhr`cci gës Aimareti
Ktc Kc Kab Kav
Ktc 6.610 g: Ërek Xitkc Ckhr`cci gës Aimareti
Akcauci hec mþgeri he ckhr`ccis k ut`c`zkr
Mc Kj
Ktc
Mc <?1.;02 Mugeri he Ckhr`ccis pkrk ck Vkreh hec J`ih`oestir
AKCAUCI HEC MÞGEZI HE CKHZ@CCIQ UX@C@^KHIQ EM CK VKZEH HE CK
G@XKH HEC J@IH@OEQXIZ
Himhe h es ec h`ëgetri hec j`ih`oestir b; es ck kcturk heck pkreh h`v`sirk
b; 1
Kph h b; Ërek he ck pkreh h`v`sirk
Kph <.1 g:
g
(5.;?)
(5.;0)
(5.;6)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;1?
Akcauci hec mþgeri he ckhr`ccis k ut`c`zkr
Mcph Kph
Ktc
Mcph ;<6.?;8 Mugeri he Ckhr`ccis pkrk ck Vkreh H`v`sirk hec J`ih`oestir
Mugeri he Ckhr`ccis Xitkces
Mtc 211.0;1 Mugeri he ckhr`ccis Xitkces em ec J`ih`oestir
Akcauci hec Espesir he ck Aenk
\kr`is kutires kaimsenkm que se heje rekc`zkr estk ut`c`zkmhi his l`cks he
ckhr`ccis aruzkhis, Vir ci tkmti ck kcturk ser`k
ba bc :( ) 1 6.6:( ) Kcturk hec ck Aenk gës Aimareti
ba 6.: 8
Akcauci he ck Kcturk he ck Vkreh H`v`sir`k hec J`ih`oestir
Kcturk Xitkc hec J`ih`oestir
Kcturk Aims`herkhk k ck que cceokrçk ec gkter`kc iroëm`aihemtri hec j`ih`oestir
ba 6.: 8
Kcturk he ck pkreh h`v`sir`k
bph 1
Mtc Mc Mcph
B 8
bph B bo ba
bo 6.?<
g
g
g
g
(5.:6)
(5.:1)
(5.::)
(5.:;)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;12
AKCAUCI HEC MUGEZI HE \KZ@CCKQ UX@C@^KHKQ VKZK CK
AIMQXZUAA@IM HE CK JKQE HE CK AENK
Akcauci hec perçgetri hec kri extermi
g H`ëgetri hec kri exter`ir
Vke Hke Verçgetri hec kri extermi
Vke ?.6<0 g
Akcauci hec perçgetri hec kri `mtermi
g H`ëgetri hec kri `mtermi
Vk` Hk`
g Verçgetri hec kri `mtermi
Geh`hks he cks vkr`ccks pkrk um`r cis kris
g \kr`ccks he um`ñm
g \kr`ccks he um`ñm gës pequeûks
Akcauci titkc he mþgeri he vkr`ccks
Ckroi titkc ut`c`zkhi he vkr`cck
Ctu Vke Vk` \u \u;
Ctu ;1.81; g
Vir ci tkmti vkgis k ut`c`zkr ; vkr`cck he ;: g y aigpcetkgis aim ci que sijri he
ck ut`c`zka`ñm em ck aimstruaa`ñm he ck vkr`cck pkrk ec gkcckhi
Vk` 5.2;:
Hk` ;.25
\u 6.15
\u; 6.:6
Hke :.:5
(5.:8)
(5.:5)
(5.:<)
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;10
5.? AËCAUCI HE CK AKGVKMK
Aigi se requ`ere kcgkaemkr pir ci gemis hec 56% he ck prihuaa`ñm he j`ioës
prihua`hi em ec hçk, i sek>
· * QHt (g1) 7 g1 he j`ioës
Em ec pumti 5.5 se Aëcauci QHt, es hea`r ck prihuaa`ñm he j`ioës pir hçk.
Em ec pumti 5.< se akcauck que ec h`ëgetri hec h`oestir es he :.;6 g pir ci que
serëm pkrk ck akgpkmk : g he h`ëgetri pkrk henkr 6.;6 g he bicourk emtre ec
h`oestir y ck akgpkmk. Meaes`tkgis aimiaer ck kcturk (b) he ck akgpkmk.
QHt 5.;<? Vrihuaa`ñm he j`ioës kc hçk g1
J`ioks
h`k
AKVKA@HKH HE KCGKAEMKG@EMXI HE J@IOKQ HEMXZI HE CK
AKGVKMK
\̧ QHt
:
\̧ :.521 g1 he j`ioës
KCXUZK HE CK AKGVKMK
b; \̧ 8
:( ):
\
h : 8 b; h h
b; 6.2:: g
(5.:?)
(5.:2)
(5.:0)
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;86
Himhe>
\¸ 7 kc kcgkaemkne he ck akgpkmk
Es hea`r, que se requ`ere he um oksñgetri he : g he h`ëgetri y ; g he kcturk
kprix`gkhkgemte.
Pk que cks pckmabks he tic que se h`spime t`emem umk kcturk he ;.:6 g, mi serë
prijcegk que ck akgpkmk k aimstru`r temok :g he h`ëgetri y ; g he kcturk s`m
aimtkr que temhrçkgis um vicugem extrk he ck akjezk hec oksñgetri que es he
6.15 g1
Xem`emhi um vicugem titkc hec oksñgetri sugkhi ck akjezk hec oksñgetri gks ec
auerpi hec g`sgi que es he 8.;: g1
AKCAUCI HEC GKXEZ@KC MEAEQKZ@I VKZK CK AIMXZUAA@IM HEC
OKQIGEXZI
HEQKZZICCI HEC AUEZVI HEC OKQIGEXZI
Akcauci hec perçgetri he auerpi hec oksñgetri
Ho : H`ëgetri hec oksñgetri
V <.:21 Verçgetri hec oksñgetri
Akcauci he mugeri he pckmabks he tic que se meaes`tkrkm pkrk ec auerpi hec
oksñgetri
g Ckroi he ck pckmabk he tic
Kmabi he ck pckmabk he tic
Mugeri he pckmabks
g
M V
C
C :.8
k ;.: g
V Ho
(5.16)
(5.1;)
g
g
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;8;
HEQKZZICCI HE CK AKJE^K HEC OKQIGEXZI
5.2 H@QEÛI HEC XKM[UE P XUJEZ@K HE AKZOK
Xkmque he akrok ccëgese kc tkmque que se aimstruye sijre ec tuji he akrok y ques`rve airmi ciakc he gezack hec gkter`kc k ser h`oer`hi. Heje temer um vicugem
gçm`gi `oukc kc vicugem he akrok h`kr`k requer`hk pir ec h`oestir. Heje estkr
ciakc`zkhi k » :6 ag ema`gk hec m`vec he cçqu`hi hec h`oestir.
M :.<;2 Vir ci tkmti pkrk ck auerpi hec oksñgetri se meaes`tkm 1pkmabks he tic he : (gg) he espesir
Akcauci hec ërek he ck akjezk que em este aksi es he lirgk añm`ak
g B`pitemusk hec aimi
Krek hec aimi
K 1.162 g:
Akcauci hec mþgeri he pckmabks pkrk ck akjezk añm`ak hec oksñgetri
Kp C k Ërek he ck pckmabk he tic
Kp :.22 g:
Ma K
Kp
Ma ;.;80 Vir ci tkmti pkrk ck akjezk añm`ak hec oksñgetri se meaes`tkm; pkmabk pirque he ck aimleaa`ñm hec auerpi hec oksñgetri sijripckmabk he tic
K
: Ho bp
bp ;.651
(5.1:)
(5.18)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;8:
Ck tujerçk he akrok heje temer um h`ëgetri he ;6-;5 ag s` se trktk he sustrkti
cçqu`hi i :6-16 ag s` se trktk he sustrkti l`jrisi.
Em este aksi ec sustrkti es c`qu`hi, pir ci que se pimhrë um tuji he akrok he 8.5‗
he h`ëgetri.
Ò hec tuji he akrok 7 8,5‗
Hej`hi kc heac`ve hec terremi himhe serë rekc`zkhk ck aimstruaa`ñm y k ck lirgk
aigi estë aimstru`hi cis okcpimes, se kpriveabkrk ck gkyir akmt`hkh he espka`i
hec terremi pkrk ec h`seûi he estks aknks, k aimt`muka`ñm he hetkcck ck lirgk hec
aknñm k aimstru`r>
L`ourk 5.1> H`seûi hec Xkmque he Akrok
Qerçk `gpis`jce kckrokr ec tkmque he hesakrok bka`k ktrës yk que mis tipkrçk aim
ec okcpñm pir ci que se rekc`zkrk este h`seûi trktkmhi he kpriveabkr tihi ec
espka`i h`spim`jce pkrk rekc`zkr ck aimstruaa`ñm.
Vkrk aigpremher he genir gkmerk se presemtk ck v`stk lrimtkc hec aimnumti aknk
tuji>
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;81
L`ourk 5.8> Aimex`ñm hec Xkmque y Xuji he Akrok
K aimt`muka`ñm bkaegis ec kmëc`s`s he cks h`gems`imes est`gkhks hec tkmque he
akrok
L`ourk 5.5> H`gems`imes hec Xkmque he Akrok
Vkrk ec aëcauci hec vicugem hec tkmque he akrok begis aims`herkhi que hejetemer um vicugem `oukc k : veaes ck akrok h`kr`k s`m pernuh`akr esti ec h`seûi hecj`ih`oestir
AËCAUCI HEC CKQ H@GEMQ@IMEQ EQX@GKHKQ HEC XKM[UE HE AKZOK
Vir ck oeigetrçk hec tkmque ci begis h`v`h`hi em kàreks pkrk que sek gës lëa`csu Aëcauci
Ct : Ckroi hec tkmque he akrok
Kmabi he tkmque he akrok
Vrilumh`hkh hec tkmque he hesakrok seoþm orkl`ai
Vrilumh`hkh hec tkmque he hesakrok seoþm orkl`ai
kt ;.:6
pt 6.11
pt; 6.<6
g
g
g
g
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;88
Emtimaes ec vicugem hec j`ih`oestir es `oukc kc hijce he ck akrok hkrçk pkrk
muestri h`seûi
5.0 H@QEÛI HEC XKM[UE P XUJEZ@K HE HEQAKZOK
Ec tkmque he hesakrok que puehe i mi ser um tkmque prip`kgemte h`abi puehe
ser tkm sñci umk priteaa`ñm pkrk ck extreg`hkh hec tuji he hesakrok y que s`rve-
Ct: Ct Ct;
Ct: ;.:2
Akcauci he cis vicþgemes he akhk umi he cis tkmques
v; 6.<82 g1
v: Ct: pt; pt( )T W
:kt
v: 6.:6? g1
v1 Ct; pt; pt( )T W
:kt
v1 6.;;? g1
vt v; v: v1
vt 6.0?: g1
Ct; 6.?:
v; Ct pt; pt ( ) T W kt
g
g
(5.15)
(5.1<)
(5.1?)
(5.12)
(5.10)
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;85
pkrk h`r`o`r ec lcuni he gkter`kc yk h`oer`hi (elcuemte). Aukmhi se hesee se puehe
aimstru`r um tkmque que puehe ser he akpka`hkh vkr`kjce y que perg`tk kcgkaemkr
ec elcuemte he pir ci gemis : - 5 hçks.
Vkrk ci aukc h`seûkregis um tkmque que puehk kcgkaemkr : veaes ck akrok h`kr`k
pir auest`imes he espka`i.
Ck lirgk he este tkmque serë>
L`ourk 5.<> H`seûi hec Xkmque he Hesakrok
Ck v`stk lrimtkc serë emtimaes>
L`ourk 5.?> Aimex`ñm hec Xkmque y Xuji he Hesakrok
P su vicugem pir ci tkmti serë>
\th 7 \ah*:
Himhe>
\ah 7 \icugem titkc he gezack h`kr`k
(5.86)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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;8<
\th 7 6.8*: 7 6.2 g1 he \icugem hec tkmque.
Emtimaes ec vicugem hec j`ih`oestir es `oukc kc hijce he ck akrok h`kr`k pkrk
muestri h`seûi
AËAUCI HE H@GEMA@IMEQ EQX@GKHKQ HEC XKM[UE HE HEQAKZOK
Vir ck oeigetrçk hec tkmque ci begis h`v`h`hi em kàreks pkrk que sek gës lëa`c su
aëcauci
g Ckroi hec tkmque he akrok
g Kmabi he tkmque he akrok
g Vrilumh`hkh hec tkmque he hesakrok seoum orkl`ai
g
g
Aëcauci he cis vicþgemes
vh; 6.?6: g1
vh: 6.15; g1
vth v; v:
vth 6.255 g1
Cth ;.16
kth ;.:6
pth 6.?6
pth; 6.:5
Cth; 6.?:
vh; Cth pth pth; ( ) kth
vh: Cth pth pth; ( ) T W
: kth
(5.8:)
(5.81)
(5.88)
(5.8;)
7/29/2019 DISEÑO DEL BIODIGESTOR
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Xkjck 5.< Vkrëgetris he Aëcauci hec J`ih`oestir
# Vkrëgetris i Akrkaterçst`aks Akmt Um`hkh
; \icugem hec J`ih`oestir ;: Tg1W: Akrok Xitkc H`kr`k he Gkter`k Iroëm`ak ;18.:
1 Akrok Xitkc he Gezack H`kr`k 86:.<
8 Vrihuaa`ñm he J`ioës pir Hçk 5.;<?
5 H`ëgetri hec J`ih`oestir (@mtermk) :.;6 TgW< Kcturk Xitkc hec J`ih`oestir 1.2: TgW? Kcturk he ck Vkreh H`v`sirk 1 TgW
2 Espesir he ck Aenk 6.:8 TgW0 \kr`ccks Ut`c`zkhks pkrk ec gkcckhi hec V`si 8 ;: TgW Ckroi,
;6TggW;6 Ckhr`ccis Ut`c`zkhis pkrk ec Verçgetri hec J`ih`oestir <?1 Ckhr`ccis;; Ckhr`ccis Ut`c`zkhis pkrk ec Verçgetri hec J`ih`oestir ;<6 Ckhr`ccis;: \kr`cck Ut`c`zkhk pkrk ck aimstruaa`ñm he ck Jkse he
ck Aenk; ;: TgW Ckroi
;6TggW;1 Akpka`hkh he kcgkaemkg`emti he J`ioës em ck
Akgpkm:.521 Tg W
;8 Kcturk he ck Akgpkmk ;.:6 TgW;5 Kcturk he ck Akgpkmk ;.:6 TgW;< H`ëgetri he ck Akgpkmk : TgW;? Vckmabks Ut`c`zkhks pkrk ck Aimstruaa`ñm he ck
Akgpkmk8 Vckmabks he
:.8TgWx;.:TgWW;2 \icugem hec Xkmque he Akrok 6.0?: Tg1W;0 Ckroi he Xkmque he Akrok : TgW:6 Kmabi hec Xkmque he Akrok ;.:6 TgW:; Vrilumh`hkh hec Xkmque he Akrok 6.11 TgW:: \icugem hec Xkmque he Hesakrok 6.255 Tg W
:1 Ckroi hec Xkmque he Hesakrok ;.16 TgW:8 Kmabi hec Xkmque he Akrok ;.:6 TgW:5 Vrilumh`hkh hec Xkmque he Akrok 6.?6 TgW