d{kk&7 fo’k; & fgunh ikb & 1 ge ianh mueqdr xxu ds dfork ifjp;
TRANSCRIPT
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
d{kk&7
fo’k; & fgUnh
ikB & 1 ge iaNh mUeqDr xxu ds
dfork ifjp;
izLrqr dfork esa dfo ^f’ko eaxy flag lqeu* us if{k;ksa ds fo"k; esa crk;k gS fd iaNh ges’kk LoPNan
vkd’k esa fopj.k djuk ilan djrs gSaA mUgsa fiatjs esa dSn jguk dnkfi vPNk ugha yxrk pkgs mUgas ogk¡
fdruh Hkh lq[k lqfo/kk,¡ izkIr gksA ia{kh ;gh pkgrs gSa fd mUgsa ia[k mM+us ds fy, bZ’oj us ia[k fn, gSaA
vr% mudks dSn djds mudh LoPNanrk Hkjh mM+ku esa dksbZ Hkh ck/kk u MkysA
iwoZ Kku ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz-1 D;k gesa if{k;ksa dks fiatjs esa j[kuk pkfg,\
m- ughA
iz-2 if{k;ksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, gesa D;k&D;k mik; djus pkfg,A
m- cMZ lsUpqjh cuokuh pkfg,A
“kCn vFkZ
“kCn vFkZ
1- mUeqd vktkn
2- fiatjc) fiatjs esa dSn
3- dud& rhfy;k¡ lksus dh NM+sa
4- iqyfdr jksekafpr
5- dVqd dM+ok
6- fuckSjh uhe dk Qy
7- Lo.kZ&Ja[kyk lksus dh tathjsa
8- lhek ljgn
9- rkjd rkjs
10- vjeku bPNk
11- Qquxh isM+ dk lcls Åijh Hkkx
12- f{kfrt og dkYifud LFkku tgk¡ /kjrh vkSj vkdk’k
13- uhM+ feyrs gq, izrhr gksrs gSa
14- vkdqy cspSu
15- vkJe lgkjk
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
vfr y/kq iz”u
iz1- gj rjg dh lq[k lqfo/kk,a ikdj Hkh i{kh fiatjs esa can D;ksa ugha jguk pkgrs\
m- Lora=rk lcdks fiz; gksrh gS euq"; gks ;k i’kq&i{kh] lHkh Lora=rk pkgrs gSaA Lora=rkfiz; gksus dh
blh izo`fRr ds dkj.k gj rjg dh lq[k&lqfo/kk,a ikdj HKh i{kh fiatjs esa can ugha jguk pkgrsA
iz2- ;fn vkids ?kj ds fdlh LFkku ij fdlh i{kh us viuk vkokl cuk;k gS vkSj fdlh dkj.ko’k
vkidks viuk ?kj cnyuk iM+ jgk gS rks vki ml i{kh ds fy, fdl rjg ds izca/k djuk vko’;d
le>saxs fyf[k,A
m- ?kj ds fdlh LFkku ij i{kh }kjk cuk, x, ?kksalys dks fcuk dksbZ NsM+NkM+ fd, ;w¡ gh NksM+ nsaxsA
muds ?kksalys ds ikl ikuh Hkjk ik= rFkk vukt ds nkus j[k nsaxs rFkk mudh lqj{kk dk izca/k Hkh djsaxsA
y/kq iz”u
iz1- i{kh mUeqDr viuh dkSu&dkSu lh bPNk,¡ iwjh djuk pkgrs gSa\
m- i{kh mUeqDr jgdj viuh fuEufyf[kr bPNk,¡ iwjh djuk pkgrs gSa&
d- i{kh mM+rs gq, vkdk’k dh lhek tkuuk pkgrs gSaA
[k- i{kh rkjs :ih vukj ds nkus pquuk pkgrs gSaA
x- i{kh lhekghu f{kfrt ls izfr;ksfxrk djuk pkgrs gSaA
iz2- Hkko Li"V dhft,&
;k rks f{kfrt feyu cu tkrk@;k rurh lk¡lksa dh Mksjh
m- Hkko % f{kfrt] /kjrh vkSj vkdk’k ds feyus dk dkYifud LFkkuk gksrk gSA i{kh bl lhekghu f{kfrt
ls izfr;ksfxrk djrs gq, mM+uk pkgrs gSaA ,slk djrs gq, ;k rks f{kfrt dkYifrd u gksrs gq, okLrfod
gks tkrk ;k mM+rs&mM+rs mudh e`R;q gks tkrhA
iz1- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ekuo dh orZeku thou&’kSyh vkSj ’kgjhdj.k ls tqM+h leL;k,¡ if{k;ksa ds
fy, ?kkrd gS\ if{k;ksa ls jfgr okrkoj.k esa vusd leL;k,¡ mRiUu gks ldrh gSaA bu leL;kvksa ls
cpus ds fy, gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ mDr fo”k; ij okn&fookn izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu dhft,A
m- gk¡ ekuo dh thou& “kSyh vkSj “kgjhdj.k ls tqMh ;kstukvksa dks iqjk djus ds fy, isM& IkkS/kks dks
dkVk tkrk gSA blls if{k;ksa dk vkJ; & LFky vkSj muds [kk| inkFkZ u’V gksrs tk jgs gSaA ftl
okrkoj.k esa i{h u gksaxs ogkWa vusd leL;k,Wa mRiUu gks ldrh gSaA buls cpus ds fy, gesa T‐;knk & ls
T‐;knk isM yxkus pkfg,] ftlls if{k;ksa dks vkJ; & LFky fey lds vkSj bu isMksa ls muds [kus ds
fy, Qy vkfn [kk| inkFkZ fey ldsaA gesa if{k;ksa ds izfr n;kyq gksuk pkfg,A gesa muds izfr vius –
‘Vdks”k esa cnyko ykuk gksxkA muds f”kdkj ij izfrca?k yxkuk gksxkA txg&txg ij muds fy, dqN
Qy] vukt ds nkus ikuh ls Hkjs ik= j[kus gksaxsA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
nh/kZ iz”u
iz1- cgqr ls yksx i{kh ikyrs gSaA
d- if{k;ksa dk ikyuk mfpr gS vFkok ugha\ vius fopkj fyf[k,A
m- yksx if{k;ksa dks Hkys gh vius euksjatu ds fy, ikyrs gSa ij esjs fopkj ls if{k;ksa dk ikyuk mfpr
ugha gS D;ksafd os Hkh gekjh rjg Lora= gksdj thou O;rhr djuk pkgrs gSaA tc ge ca/ku esa ugha jguk
pkgrs rks Hkyk i{kh dSn esa jguk D;ksa ilan djsaxsA vFkok gesa mudh Lora=rk esa ck/kd ugha cuuk
pkfg,A
[k- D;k vkius ;k vkidh tkudkjh es fdlh us dHkh dksbZ i{kh ikyk gS\ mldh ns[k&js[k fdl izdkj
dh tkrh gksxh] fyf[k,A
m- gk¡ gekjs iM+kslh us ,d rksrk iky j[kk gSA rksrs dk fiatjs esa can djds os mls Nr ls Vk¡xrs gSa]
ftlls dqÙkk ;k fcYyh ml ij geyk u dj ldsA os rksrs dks yky fepZ] ve:n] vke tSls Qy
f[kykrs gSaA NksVh lh dVksjh esa mlds ihus dk ikuh Hkjk jgrk gSA rksrs ds cksyus ij muds ifjokj ds
lHkh lnL; cgqr [kq’k gksrs gSa ij os ‘kk;n ;g ugha tkurs fd rksrk vuls eqDr gksus ds fy, izkFkZuk dj
jgk gSA
iz2- if{k;ksa dks fiatjs esa can djus ls dsoy mudh vktknh dk guu gh ugha gksrk] vfirq i;kZoj.k Hkh
izHkkfor gksrk gSA bl fo”k; ij nl iafDr;ksa esa vius fopkj fyf[k,A
m- if{k;ksa dks fiatjs esa can djus ls ,d vksj tgk¡ mudh vktknh fNu tkrh gS ogha nwljh vksj
i;kZoj.k Hkh cqjh rjg izHkkfor gksrk gSA i{kh i;kZoj.k esa larqyu cuk, j[krs gSaA if{k;ksa ds u jgus ij
;g larqyu fcxM+us yxrk gSA dqN i{kh] tSls phy] ckt] dkSvk vkfn ejs gq, tkuojksa dks [kkdj
i;kZoj.k dks LoPN cuk, j[krs gSaA if{k;ksa ds u jgus ij bu ejs gq, thoksa ls okrkoj.k esa cncw QSy
tk,xh vkSj muds ’kjhj ls vo’ks"k fc[kjs utj vk,¡xsA vusd i{kh ikS/kksa ds ijkx.k esa lgk;rk djrs gSa]
ftlls Qy vkSj vU; [kk| vf/kd ek=k esa iSnk gksrs gSaA vusd izdkj ds i{kh Qlyksa dks gkfu igq¡pkus
okys dhV&iraxksa] fVfM~M;ksa rFkk pwgksa dks [kkdj fdlkuksa dh lgk;rk djrs gSa vkSj vukt mRiknu esa
o`f) djrs gSaA i{kh Qyksa dks [kkdj muds chtksa dk izdh.kZu djrs gSaA bl izdkj i{kh isM+&ikS/kksa ds
mxus esa lgk;d gSaA i{kh viuh fofHkUu izdkj dh vkoktksa ls okrkoj.k dks ltho cukrs gSaA
Hkk"kk dh ckr
iz1- Lo.kZ&J`a[kyk vkSj yky&fdj.k lh js[kkafdr ’kCn xq.kokpd fo’ks"k.k gSaA dfork ls <wa<dj bl izdkj
ds rhu vkSj mnkgj.k fyf[k,A
m- 1- dud rhfy;k¡
2- dVqd fuckSjh
3- lhekghu f{kfrt
4- vkdqy mM+kuA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
iz2- Hkw[ks&I;kls esa }an lekl gSA bu nksauks ’kCnksa ds chp yxs fpUg dks lkekfld fpUg
¼&½ dgrs gSaA bl fpUg ls vkSj dk ladsr feyrk gSA tSls& Hkw[ks&I;kls Hkw[ks vkSj I;klsA
bl izdkj ds nl vU; mnkgjk [kkstdj fyf[k,A
m- lkekfld “kCn
1- lq[k & nq[k lq[k vkSj nq[k
2- ekrk & firk ekrk vkSj firk
3- viuk & ijk;k viuk vkSj ijk;k
4- eksVk & iryk eksVk vkSj iryk
5- [kV~Vk & ehBk [kV~Vk vkSj ehBk
6- fnu & jkr fnu vkSj jkr
7- viuk & ijk;k viu vkSj ijk;k
8- ykHk & gkfu ykHk vkSj gkfu
9- t; & ijkt; t; vkSj ijkt;
10- ;’k & vi;’k ;”k vkSj vi;”k
11- uj & ukjh uj vkSj ukjh
vfrfjDr dk;Z
lizax O;k[;k
1-ge ia{kh mUeqDr xxu ds
fiatjc) u xk ik,¡xs]
dud&rhfy;ksa ls Vdjkdj
iqyfdr ia[k VwV tk,¡xsA
ge cgrk ty ihus okys
Hkj tk,¡xs Hkw[ks&I;kls]
dgha Hkyh gS dVqd fuckSjh
dud dVkSjh dh eSn lsA
izlax % izLrqr iafDr gekjh ikB~; iqLrd olar Hkkx&2 esa ladfyr ge iaNh mUeqDr xxu ds dfork ls
yh xbZ gSA blds jfp;rk ^f’ko eaxy flag ^lqeu* gSaA blesa i{kh eu"; ls viuh vfHkyk"kk O;Dr dj jgs
gSaA
O;k[;k % i{kh dgrs gSa fd [kqys vkleku esa mM+us okys ge vktkn i{kh fiatjs esa dSn gksdj viuk e/kqj
xhr u xk ldsaxs] Hkys gh og fiatjk lksus dk cuk gksA gekjs jksekafpr ia[k fiatjs esa yxh bu lksus dh
NM+ksa ls Vdjkdj VwV tk¡,axsA ufn;ksa] >jkusa dk cgrk gqvk ikuh ihus okys ge i{kh fiatjs esa dSn gksdj
Hkw[k&I;kl ls ej tk,¡xsA gekjs fy, fiatjs esa lksus dVksjh esa j[ks gq, eSnk ls csgrj dM+ch fuckSjh ¼uhe
dk Qy½ gSA Hkko ;g gS fiatjs es dSn gksdj lksus dh dVksjh esa [kkus&ihus ls vPNk Lora= gksdj
vkleku esa mM+uk gSA
fo’ks"k % 1- Lora=rk ge euq";ksa dks gh ugha i’kq&if{k;ksa dks Hkh fiz; gSA 2- iqyfdr ia[k] dud&dVksjh esa
vuqizkl vyadkj gSA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
iz2- fuEufyf[kr i|ka’k dks i<+dj lacaf/kr iz’uksaaaa a ds mRrj fyf[k,
Lo.kZ&J`a[kyk ds ca/ku esa
viuh xfr] mM+ku lc Hkwys]
cl liuksa esa ns[k jgs gSa
r: dh Qquxh ij ds >wysA
,sls ls vjeku fd mM+rs
uhys uHk dh lhek ikus]
yky fdj.k lh pksap [kksy
pqxrs rkjd&vukj ds nkusA
iz1- izLrqr i|ka’k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A
m- izlax % iwoZor~
bu iafDr;ksa esa i{kh vius ca/kueqDr thou dh ijs’kkfu;ksa vkSj viuh bPNkvksa dks O;Dr dj jgs gSaA blesa
dfo us lksus ds fiatjs esa can if{k;ksa dh O;Fkk dk fp=.k fd;k gSA
O;k[;k % i{kh dgrs gSa fd lksus dh bu tathjksa esa ca/kdj ge viuh LokHkkfod pky] mM+us ds <ax lc
Hkwy x, gSaA isM+ksa dh Qquxh vFkkZr vcls Åijh Hkkx ij cSBdj ets ls >wyuk] vc rks gekjs fy, cl
liuksa dh ckr cudj jg xbZ gSA bl ca/ku esa iM+us ls igys gekjh Hkh bPNk Fkh fd ge uhys vkleku
ds var rd mM+s vkSj lw;Z dh yky fdj.kksa ds leku viuh pksap [kksydj rkjksa :ih vukj ds nkus pqxrs
jgsaA
fo”ks"k % 1- Hkk”kk [kM+h cksyh gSA
2- ljy] lgt o cks/kxE; Hkk;k gSA
mPp rkfdZd {kerk ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
izŒ1 LoPNanrk vPNh izrhr D;ksa gksrh gS\ vius fopkj O;Dr djks\
mŒ ,d LoPNan izk.kh vius dkeks ads fy, [kqn ftEesnkj gksrk gSA og viuh ilan ls viuh bPNkuq:i
dk;Z dj ldrk gSA mls viuk thou nwljs dh bPNk ;k fu;e ds vuqlkj ugha thuk iM+rk gSA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd LoPNanrk vPNh izrhr gksrh gS if{k;ksa dks dSn ugha djuk pkfg, os LorU= izk.kh gksrs gSA
ewY;ijd iz”u&
izŒ1 LoPNanrk dk vFkZ mPNan[kyrk ugha gksrk&vius fopkj fyf[k,A
mŒ LoPNanrk dk vFkZ mPN`a[kyrk ugh gksrkA LoPNanrk fdlh mUekn dk uke ugha gSA LoPNanrk
oSpkfjd gksrh gS tcfd mPNa`[kyrk O;kogkfjd gksrh gSA ;g lgh gS fd fopkj gekjs O;ogkj dks
izHkkfor djrs gSa LoNan fopkjksa okyk O;fDr O;ogkj dq”ky ugha gks ldrk D;ksafd O;ogkj ij mldk
dHkh fu;a=.k ugha jgrkA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
izŒ2 lksus ds fiatjs esa can if{k;ksa dh O;Fkk dk fp=.k djsaA
mŒ lksus ds fiatjs esa can if{k;ksa dh O;Fkk bl izdkj gS&i{kh viuh LoHkkfod pky Hkwy tkrs gSA mM+uk
Hkwy tkrs gSaA isM+ksa ij cSBdj >qyuk vc rks liuksa dh ckr gh jg xbZ gSA bl ca/ku esa iM+us ls igys
gekjh Hkh bPNk Fkh fd ge uhys vkleku ds var rd mM+s vkSj lw;Z dh yky fdj.kksa ds leku viuh
pksap [kksydj rkjksa :ih vukj ds nkus pqxrs FksA
jpukRed ewY;kadu&
1- i{kh vkSj fiatjsa dh lyk[kksa ds chp laokn fy[ksA ¼laokn ys[ku½
m- laokn&
fiatjk& fpfM;k jkuh] rqe bruh mnkl D;ksa cSBh gks\
fpfM;k& esje lkFkh vkdl”k esa mM+ku Hkj jgs gSaA bldk eq>s nq%[k gSA
fiatjk-&eq>esa rqe lajf{kr gksA eSa rqEgkjh j{kk dj jgk gw¡ArqEgsa dksbZ f”kdkjh gkFk Hkh ugha yxk ldrkA
fpfM;k&eq>s bZ”oj us viuh lqj{kk djuk fl[kk;k gSA ca/ku esa jgdj lqj{kk djokuk ge if{k;k s dke
ilan ugha gSaAge Lora= jgdj] mUeqDr gok esa thuk pkgrs gSaA dksbZ Hkh tho ca/ku esa jgdj ugh thuk
pkgrs gSA
fiatjk-&eq>s nq%[k gS fd eSa pkgdj Hkh rqEgsa vktkn ughs dj ldrkA euq’; us eq>s cgqr etcqr cuk;k
gSA eSa rqEgkjs nq%[k dks le>rk gw¡A
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
d{kk & 7
ikB & 2 nknh ek¡ ¼f”ko izlkn flag½
iwoZ Kku ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz-1 vkids ifjokj esa fdrus lnL; gSa\
m- nl
iz-2 vkidh nknh dgk¡ jgrh gSa\
m- xkWo esa
“kCn vFkZ
“kCn vFkZ
1- “kqHkfpard Hkyk pkgus okyk
2- izfrdwyrk vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;k¡ u gksuks
3- floku ukyk
4- ykbZ [khysa ¼pkoy dh½
5- Lusg lus izse ls ifjiw.kZ
6- gqM+d pkgr
7- l?k% rktk
8- ljlke flj ij p<+us okyk cq[kkj
9- fo’kwfpdk Nwr dh chekjh
10- yoax ykSax
11- dkj&ijkstu dke dk mn~ns’;
12- lwn C;kt
13- fuLrkj m)kj
14- fogy ?kcjk;k gqvk
15- mfju _.k ls eqDr
vfr y/kq iz”u
iz1- nknk dk e`R;q ds ckn ys[kd ds ?kj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr [kjkc D;ksa gks xbZ Fkh\
m- nknk dh eR;q ds ckn ys[kd ds ?kj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr blfy, [kjkc gks xbZ D;ksafd ys[kd ds firkth us nknh ek¡ ds
euk djus ij Hkh [kwc /ku&lEifRr [kpZ dh FkhA
iz2- ?kj ij gksus okys mRloksa lekjksgksa esa cPps D;k&D;k djrs gSa\ vius vkSj vius fe=ksa ds vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij
fyf[k,A
m- ?kj ij gksus okys lekjksgksa esa cPpksa dks gj NksVk dke djuk iM+rk gSA lekjksg LFky dh ltkoV] ns[kjs[k vkfn dk
dke djuk gksrk gSA cPps rks lekjksgksa dh tku gksrs gSaSA muds fcuk lekjksg lwuk&lwuk yxrk gSA
y/kq iz”u
iz1- ys[kd dks viuh nknh ek¡ dh ;kn ds lkFk&lkFk cpiu dh vkSj fdu&fdu ckrksa dh ;kn vk tkrh gS\
m- ys[kd dks viuh nknh ek¡ dh ;kn ds lkFk&lkFk cpiu dh fuEufyf[kr ?kVukvksa dh ;kn vkrh gS
d- Dokj ekg esa rkykc ds cncwnkj ikuh esa ugkus dhA
[k- jkeh dh pkph /kUuks dks iSlksa ds fy, Mk¡Vrs gq, rfkk dtkZ ekQ dj nsus ij /kUuks dk nknh ek¡ dks vk’khokZn nsrs gq,A
x- fd”ku HkS;k ds C;kg esa jrtxs esa gq, vfHku;dhA
?k- vR;ar eqlhcr ds fnuksa esa firkth dks lkaRouk rFkk enn nsrs gq,A
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
iz2- nknh ek¡ ds LoHkko dk dkSu lk i{k vius lcls vPNk yxrk gS vkSj D;ksa\
m- nknh ek¡ dks LoHkko ds lcls vPNs i{k esa eq>s muds }kjk nwljksa dh enn djuk vPNk yxrk gSA le;&vle; ij os
t:jreanksa dh iSlksa ls enn djrh gSaA le; ij #i;s&iSls okil u feyus ij os Mk¡Vrh Hkh gSa vkSj mldk dtZ ekQ dj
iqu% mldh enn dj fn;k djrh gSaA
iz3- bl dgkuh esa dbZ ckj _.k ysus dh ckr vkius i<+hA vuqeku yxkb, fdu&fdu ikfjokfjd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa xk¡o ds
yksxksa dks _.k ysuk iM+rk gksxk vkSj ;g mUgssa dgk¡ ls feyrk gksxk\ cM+ksa ls ckrphr dj bl fo’k; esa fyf[k,A
m- xk¡o ds yksx tehu ysus ?kj cukus] cSy [kjhnus] xk; ;k HkSal vkfn [kjhnus ds fy, _.k ysrs gSaA blds vykok os
chekjh] tUeksRlo] “kknh] Jk)] /kkfeZd voljksa ij Hkkst] R;ksgkjksa vkfn ds fy, Hkh _.k ysrs gSaA ;g _.k mUgsa lkgwdkjksa]
fe=ksa] fj”rsnkjksa rFkk fofHkUu izdkj ds cSadksa ls feyrk gSA
nh/kZ iz”u
iz1- vkius bl dgkuh esa eghuksa d uke i<+s] tSls Dokj] vk"kk<+] ek?kA bu eghuksa esa ekSle dSlk jgrk gS\ fyf[k,A
m- Dokj % ;g o"kkZ _rq dk vafre eghuk gksrk gS bl le; vf/kdrj vkleku LoPN ,oa fueZy gksrk gSA dHkh&dHkkj
ckny fn[k tkrs gSaA xehZ esa dqN deh vk pqdh gksrh gSA rkykc ty ls Hkjs gksrs gSaA
vk"kk<+ % ;g o"kkZ dk iguk eghuk gS ftldk lHkh cslczh ls bartkj djrs gSaA bl le; rkieku vf/kd gksrk gS vkSj xehZ
viuh pje lhek ij gksrh gSA vkleku ij dkys&dkys ckny Nk tkrs gSa] ftlls [kwc o"kkZ gksrh gSA xehZ ls jkgr feyus
ij euq"; i’kq&i{kh lHkh dks pSu feyrk gSA
ek?k % bl eghus esa rkieku vR;ar de gks tkrk gSA dM+kds dh lnhZ iM+rh gSA dHkh&dHk ikyk iM+ tkrk gSA iNqok
gok,¡ lnhZ dks vkSj c<+k nsrh gSA ;g lnhZ gfM~M;ksa esa lekth gqbZ izrhr gskrh gSA
iz2- ^vius&vius ekSle dh viuh&viuh ckrsa gksrh gSa*& ys[kd ds bl dFku ds vuqlkj ;g crkb, fd fdl ekSle esa
dkSu&dkSu lh phtsa fo’ks"k :Ik ls feyrh gS\
m- fuEufyf[kr ekSleksa esa fuEufyf[kr phtsa fo’ks"k :Ik ls feyrh gSa
1- lnhZ dk ekSle % lsc] vukj] ve:n] rktk xqM+] fpMM+k] dsyk] dkWQh] pk; vkfnA
2- xehZ dk ekSle % larjs] vke] dsyk] vaxwj] tkequ] yhph] ddM+h] rjcwt] [khjk] Qkylk] [kjcwtk] ’kcrZ] ’khry is;]
yLlh vkfnA
3- o"kkZ dk ekSle % ve:n] [khjk] ddM+h] dsyk] uk”kikrh] yhph vkfnA
1. गई र -
र - ई - -
र , , ग और और ग
र
- - -
- - - - - - - - -
- - -
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
2. ' - र र र , - र र र र ' - आ र र र ग - र थ ग , - र
इ र इ
र
- - - - -
3. ग और ' ' इ और और र - र, र , र ,
, इ इ र ग ग , - , , और इ र , र, र और र , ऋ और
इ र ग / और र
इ m- cksy pky esa mi;ksx gksus okyh Hkk’kk @ cksyh ls ,d= nl “kCn &
1- dkj ;kstuk
2- fdjik
3- fgjn;
4- fdjiku
5- yPNu
6- jek;u
7- tequk
8- d`”ku
9- u{keu
10- yPNeu
mPp rkfdZd {kerk ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz1- nknh dh ;kn vkrs gh ys[kd ds lkeus D;k rLohj cu tkrh Fkh\
m- nknh dh ;kn vkrs gh “kjn _rq dh ‘khr fdj.kksa dh Hkk¡fr vk¡[kksa dks lq[k iznku djus okyh lkQ vkSj “khry ,d
/kaq/kyh&lh rLohj cu tkrh tks viuRo dh iwfrZ ekywe gksrh FkhA
iz3- egkekjh vkSj folwfpdk chekjh ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
m- egkekjh ,slh chekjh gS tks QSy tk, rks vufxur yksxksa dks ekSr ds eq¡g esa /kdsy nsrh gS vFkkZr cM+h la[;k esa yksx
bl chekjh esa ekjs tkrs gSaA fo”kwfpdk Nwr dh chekjh gS tks ,d ls nwljs dks gks tkrh gSA
iz3- xa/k Hkjs tyk”k;ksa esa ugkus gsrq ys[kd D;k&D;k NksM+us dks rS;j gS\
m- ysd[kd dks bu xa/k Hkjs tyk’k;ksa esa dwnuk cgqr vPNk yxkr gSA blds fy, og ekSlekuqlkj vke] tkequ] fpmMk]
xqM+ o ykbZ ds lkFk xqM+ dh iV~Vhlc dqN R;kx ldrk gSA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
ewY;ijd iz”u&
izŒ1 vius fy, ft, rks D;k ft, bl fo’k; ij fyf[k,\
mŒ vius fgr dh fpark u djrs gq, nwljs dh HkykbZ ds fy, dk;Z djuk gh lPps vFkksZa esa ijksidkj gSA orZeku thou
vkRe&dsafnzr gks x;k gSA vkt dk ekuo dsoy vius lq[k dks egRro nsrk gSA nwljs ds lq[k&nq[k ls mls dksbZ ljksdkj
ugha gSA gekjs _f’k&eqfu;ksa us ;gh lh[k nh gS fd ijksidkj djksA lcds dY;k.k esa gh vkfRed lq[k gSaA
izŒ2 nknh ek¡ dk iq= o iksrk fdl ijs”kkuh ls tw> jgs Fks\ nknh ek¡ us dSls ijs”kkuh nwj dh\
mŒ nknh ek¡ dk iq= o iksrk nksuksa gh vkfFkZd ijs”kkfu;ksa ls tw> jgs FksA mudh ijs”kkuh nknh ek¡ ls ns[kh u xbZ rks
mUgksaus lkspk fd ;g daxu gh bl le; bUgsa nq%[kksa ls NqVdkjk fnyk ldrk gSaA vFkkZr~ bl daxu dks cspdj gh iSls
izkIr gks ldrs gSaA blfy, nknh ek¡ us daxu vius iq= dks fn;kA
jpukRed ewY;kadu&
1- LoPNrk ij vuqPNsn fyf[k;s&
m- LoPNrk euq’; ds fy, egRoiw.k gSA LoLFk ”kjhj gh LoLFk ekfLr’d gksrk gSA xanxh esa jgdj ikuh ;k Hkkstu [kkdj
euq’; chekj gks ldrk gSaA gekjs vkl & ikl lkQ lQkbZ gksuh pkfg,A iz/kku ea=h Jh ujsUnz eksnh }kjk pyk;s x;s
LoPNrk vfHk;ku esa Hkkjr us dkQh lQyrk izkIr gj fdlh dks LoPNrk dh tkudkjh gqbZ gSA gj oxZ dk O;fDr
LoPNrk gs fy, tkx#d gqvk gSA
Þ/kjrh dks LoxZ cukuk gS LoPNrk dks ykuk gSA
vkvks feydj dj ysa iz.k] gedks ;g dj fn[kkuk gSAß
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
ikB & 3 fgeky; dh csfV;k¡ ¼ukxktqZu½
iwoZ Kku ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz-1 D;k vki ufn;ksa ds ckjs esa tkurs gS\ uke crkvks
m- xaxk] ;equk] “kkajnk] aljLorh] vkfnA
iz-2 Xakxk unh dgk¡ ls fudyh gS\
m- fgeky; ds xkseq£ lsA
iz-3 bykgckn es fdu&fdu ufn;® dk feyku g®rk Gsa
m- xaxk] ;equk] ljLorhA
“kCn vFkZ
1- laaHkzkr /kuh @laiUu
2- Hkko&Hkaxh fofHkUu Lo:i
3- mYykl [kq”kh
4- dkSrwgy ftKklk
5- foLe; gSjkuh
6- fojkV izse vR;f/kd izse
7- vf/kR;dk,¡ xqQk,¡
8- izfrnku ykSVkuk
9- eqfnr eksg ysuk
10- [kqekjh vkyL;
11- lpsru ltho
12- yksdekrk dY;k.kdkjh
13- mpV mnkl
14- yqHkkouk vkd"kZd
vfr y?kq mRrjh; iz”u &
1. र र र र ग और ?
र- ,
iz2- dkfynkl us fgeky; dks nsokRek D;ksa dgk gS\
m- fgeky; ioZr ij nsorkvksa dk okl ekuk tkrk gSA _f"k eqfu ;gka fujUrj iwtk] vpZuk o riL;k djrs gSa blfy,
dkfynkl us bls nsokRek dgk gSA vius dkO; xz+++Fk es?knwr es vYdkiqjh dks dSyk”k ekuljksoj ds fudV crk;k tks nso
dqcsj dh uxjh gSAdSyk”k ioZr tks Hkxoku f”ko dk fuokl ekuk tkrk gS] og Hkh fgeky; ij gh fLFkr gSA
y?kq mRrjh; iz”u &
1. और ई ग ?
र- औ
- औ
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
2. र
?
र- -
3. - ?
र- , , , - , , , , , ,
4- ;g ys[k 1947 esa fy[kk x;k FkkA rc ls fgeky; ls fudyus okyh ufn;ksa esa D;k&D;k cnyko vk, gSa\
m- 1947 ls ysdj dqN n’kdksa rd rks ufn;k¡ fueZy] dkafreku vkSj uhjksxrk iznku djus okyh Fkh fdUrq tula[;k o`f)
vkS|ksfxd Økafr ekuuh; rFkk iz’kkldh; mis{kk ds dkj.k blesa vkS”k/kh; xq.k lekIr gks x, gSaA fujarj iznw"k.k c<+rk tk
jgk gSA ty izokg esa U;work gks xbZ tks fd ekuo ds fy, fgrdj ugha gSA
nh?kZ mRrjh; iz”u
iz-1 ufn;ksa ls gksus okys ykHkksa ds fo"k; esa ppkZ dhft, vkSj bl fo"k; ij chl iafDr;ksa dk ,d fuca/k fy[kksA
m- ppkZ gsrq ladsr fcanq % ty izkfIr] ck¡/k cukuk] o"kkZ esa lgk;d] flapkbZ esa lgk;d] vkokxeu gsrq lgk;d] fctyh
cukukA ufn;k¡ gekjs thou dk vk/kkj gSA cQhZys igkM+ksa ls vfLrRro ikdj /kjrh ds /kjkry ij cgrh gqbZ ufn;k¡ viuh
lq/kk jl :ih ty vla[; izkf.k;ksa dks iznku djrh gSA izk.kh ek= dh I;kl cq>kus ds vfrfjDr ufn;k¡ /kjrh dks mitkÅ
cukrh gSA vkokxeu dk lk/ku gSA bu ij ck¡/k cukdj fctyh mRiUu dh tkrh gSA gekjs vf/kdrj rhFkZLFky Hkh ufn;ksa
ds fdukjs cls gSaA blh dkj.k ufn;k¡ iwtuh; Hkh gSaA ufn;ksa ls gesa /kjrh gsrq mitkÅ inkFkZ izkIr gksrs gSaA ;s ouksa dks
lhaprh gSaA o”kkZ ykus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA vufxur thou buls thou ikrs gSaA vare esa ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd
ufn;k¡ gekjh laLd`fr dh igpku gSA bUgsa nwf”kr ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd gekjk thou bUghsa ij fuHkZj gSAufn;k¡ ds ty
ls flpkà gksrh gS ftls oLrq,¡ izkIr gksrh gSaA ufn;k¡ ls lhi jsr vusd mi;ksxh oLrq,¡ izkIr gksrh gSaA ufn;k¡ eNqvkjksa]
ukfodksa vkfn dks thfodk dk lk/ku gSA ufn;ksa esa Luku djds vkSj muesa vfLFk;k¡ folftZr djus ls euq’; dks LoxZ izkIr
gksrk gSA ufn;k¡ tyh; thoksa rFkk eNfy;ksa dh vkJ;nkrk gSA ukuk izdkj ds vifo’V inkFkZ cgkdj gekjk dY;k.k
djrh gSA
vH;kl dk;Z
1.
( )
( ) औ , औ
औ र- 1. - 2. 3.
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
4. - 5.
2. -
, ( ) औ ( ) औ र- 1. 2. 3. 4. औ
3. औ औ ( ) -
र
4. इ 'और' - र -र थ र और र ई थ र ग ग इ र
( - ) र- - - - -
5. थ गर आ र
थ आग , - - ( )
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
र- - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( ) - ( )
6. थ , और , - र ' ' ग र इ -
र
7. ' आ ग र र ' ' ' ग ओर ' ' र थ र इ ' '
गई - आ इ र र ई र ' ' थ इ , - ग ? र - र और इ र- ' ' - 1. 2. 3.
' ' - 1. 2. 3.
vfrfjDr iz”uksÙkj
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
uhsps fy[ks x|ka”k dks i<+dj lacaf/kr ds mRrj fyf[k,
1- vHkh rd eSaus ---------------------------------------- Mqdfd;k¡ yxk;k djrkA
iz1- nwj ls ns[kus ij ufn;k¡ ys[kd dks dSlh izrhr gksrh Fkh\
m- nwj ls ns[kus ij ys[kd dh ufn;k¡ xaHkhj] ‘kkar vkSj vius vki esa [kksbZ gqbZ] fdlh f’k”V efgyk dh Hkkafr izrhr gksrh
FkhA
iz2- ys[kd ds eu esa ufn;ksa ds izfr dSls Hkko Fks\
m- ys[kd ds eu esa ufn;ksa ds izfr mnkj vkSj J)k ds Hkko FksA
iz3- ufn;ksa dh /kkjkvksa esa Mqcfd;k¡ yxkuk ys[kd dks dSlk yxrk Fkk\
m- ufn;ksa dh /kkjkvksa esa Mqcfd;k¡ yxkus ij mls ek¡] nknh] ekSlh ;k ekeh dh xksn tSls eeRo izrhr gksrk FkkA
2- dkSu tkus] cqM~<k ---------------------------------------- gh D;k gS\
iz1- ys[kd ds ufn;ksa vkSj fgeky; dk D;k fj’rk crk;k gS\
m- ys[kd ufn;ksa dks iqf=;k¡ o fgeky; dks mudk firk ekurk gSA
iz2- cqM~<k fgeky; fdruk lqj /kqurk gksxk\ ,slk ys[kd us D;ksa dgk\
m- fgeky; dh csVh NksVh&cM+h ufn;k¡ tc cpiu dh vB[ksfy;k¡ dj eSnku dh vksj lkxj ls feyus pyh tkrh gSa rks
firk fgeky; csfV;ksa ds fy, fdruk iNrkrk vkSj fpafrr gksrk gksxk] ;gh bl iafDr dk rkRi;Z gSA
iz3- mRrj esa fojkV ekSu ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\
m- Å¡ph&Å¡ph pksfV;ska ls tc ufn;k¡ e Snkuksa dh vksj vkxs c<+ tkrh gSa rks iwjh mRrj fn’kk dk okrkoj.k ‘kkar gks tkrk
gSA
mPp rkfdZd {kerk ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
izŒ1 cqM~<k fgeky; fdruk lqj /kqurk gksxk\ ,slk ys[kd us D;ksa dgk gS\
mŒ fgeky; dh csVh NksVh&cM+h ufn;k¡ tc cpiu dh vB[ksfy;k¡ dj eSnku dh vkSj lkxj ls feyus pyh tkrh gS rks
cqM~<k firk fgeky; csfV;ksa ds fy, fdruk iNrkrk vkSj fpafrr gksrk gksxkA Å¡ph&Å¡ph pksfV;ksa ls tc ufn;k¡ eSnkuksa dh
vksj vkxs c<+ tkrh gS rks iwjh mRrj fn”kk dk okrkoj.k Hkh “kkar vkSj pqi lk yxus yxrk gSA vkSj firk ¼fgeky;½ Hkh
pqi lk yxus yxrk gSA
ewY;ijd iz”u&
izŒ1 xaxk vkSj ;equk ds fy, lQkbZ vfHk;ku D;ksa pykuk iM+k\
mŒ xaxk vkSj ;equk nksuksa gh ufn;k¡ cqjh rjg iznwf’kr gks pqdh gSA QSfDVª;ksa ls fudyus okys tgjhys jlk;u bu ufn;ksa
esa fey jgs gSaA “kgjksa dk xank ikuh o ?kjksa dh xanxh Hkh buesa izokfgr dj nh tkrh gSa blls igys fd ;s xans ukyksa esa
cny tk; budh lQkbZ ds fy, vfHk;ku pykuk iM+kA
izŒ2 ufn;k¡ thu dSls jprh gSa\
mŒ vius vklikl clus okyksa dks mitkÅ Hkwfe nsdj [ksrh ds fy, i;kZIr ikuh nsdj] ihus ds fy, LoPN ty nsdj
vkSj ukSdkvksa ds ek/;e ls mRiknu dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd tkus dk jkLrk nsdj ufn;k¡ thou jprh gSaA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
jpukRed ewY;kadu&
1- ikB ij vk/kkfjr xfrfof/k
Lyksxu fyf[k,&¼ikuh cpkvks½ bl fo’k; ij fo|kFkhZa ik¡p&ik¡p “yksxu nifÙk;ksa ij fy[ksaA
m- 1-ikuh cpkvks thou cpkvks
2- ty gh thou gSA
3- ty gS rks dy gSA
4- ty izdfr dk vueksy jRu gSA
5- tks vkt cgsxk dy &dy] rks dy uk feysxk tyA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
ikB & 4 dBiqryh ¼Hkokuh izlkn feJ½
“kCn vFkZ
1- dBiqryh Mksjs ls cka/kdj upkbZ tkus okyh dkB dh iqryh
2- ik¡o ij NksM+ nks eqDr djuk
3- eu ds Nan Nwuk eu esa [kq’kh vkuk
4- bPNk pkgr
iwoZ Kku ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz-1 D;k vius dHkh dBiqryh dk [ksy ns[kk gSa\
m- th gk¡ ns[kk gSA
iz-2 dBiqryh dSls curh gSa\
m- diMsa vkSj /kkxs ls curh gSA
vfr y/kq iz”u
iz-1 ?
र- औ
iz2- uhps nks Lora=rk vkanksyuksa ds nks&nks Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa ds uke fyf[k,
m- lu~ 1857 y{ehckbZ] rkR;k Vksis
lu~ 1942 egkRek xk¡/kh] tokgj yky usg:A
y/kq iz”u
- ग आ ?
र- ,
2. र इ , ?
र-
iz1- ^cgqr fnu gq,A gesa vius eu ds Nan gq,*A bl iafDr dk vFkZ vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS\ uhps fn, gq, okD;ksa dh
lkg;rk ls lksfp, vkSj vFkZ fyf[k,
d- cgqr fnu gks x,] eu es adksbZ meax ugha vkbZA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
[k- cgqr fnu gks x,] eu ds Hkhrj dfork&lh dksbZ ckr&ckr ugha mBh] ftlesa Nan gks] y; gksA
x- cgqr fnu gks x,] xkus&xquxqukus dk eu ugha gqvkA
/k- cgqr fnu gks x,] eu dk nq[k nwj ugha gqvk vkSj u eu esa [kq”kh vkbZA
m- ^cgqr fnu gks x,] eu dk nq[k nwj ugh gqvk vkSj u eu esa [kq”kh vkbZ bldk vFkZ ;g gS dBiqrfy;ksa ijrU=rk ls
vR;f/kd nq[kh gSA mUgsa ,slk yxrk gS tSls os vius eu dh pkg dks tku gh ugh ikrh igyh dBiqryh ds dgus ls
mlds euesa vktknh dh meax tkxhA
nh/kZ iz”u
iz-1 -' ग / र -आग ?/ इ ;/ र र ' - र ई - ' इ / र ग ?' र -
• र र ग • ग • इ र र और र ग • डर गई, थ र- , , iz-2 Lora= gksus dh yM+kbZ dBiqrfy;ksa us dSls yM+h gksxh vkSj Lora= gksus ds ckn mUgksaus Lokoyach gksus ds fy,
D;k&D;k iz;Ru fd, gkssaxs\ ;fn mUgsa fQj ls /kkxs esa ck¡/kdj upkus ds iz;kl gq, gksaxs rc mUgksaus viuh j{kk fdl rjg
ds mik;ksa ls dh gksxh\
m- Lora= gksus dh yM+kbZ dBiqrfy;ksa us feydj yM+h gksxhA igyh dBiqrrh ds eu esa Hkys gh vius ca/ku rksM+us ls igys
;g fopkj Fkk fd nwljh dBiqrfy;ksa dh ftEesnkjh ml ij gS D;ksafd mldk /kkxk VwVusij lcds /kkxs VwVrs gksaxsA mlus
vo”; igys lHkh dBiqrfy;ksa ls fopkj&foe’kZ fd;k gksxkA Lora= gksus ds ckn Lokoyach cuus ds fy, Hkh mUgksaus dkQh
ifjJe fd;k gksxkA jgus] [kkus] ihus] thou ;kiu dh vU; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fnu&jkr ,d fd;k gksxkA
1. ई र आ र इ र
र आ और थ ग और इ र आ गई इ र इ -
- ( ) - ग , थ- थ - -
र- -¼ ½ - , , -¼ ½ - , , -¼ ½- , ,
2. और -आग - , ' -आग ' ग आ 'आग ' '... ग ' इ र आ र - - , इ र- र, ऊ र- , - , ग र - , - आ र-
“kCn /ofu ls rkyesy okys “kCn
& cksy ugh ldrk ;g gdyk
& <¡<ks pksj x;k fd/kjA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
& xqLls esa ryokjs [khpsaA & cPps fdruk “kksj
epk,¡A
& lSfud us tc QSadk HkkykA
& lkxj dk ty fn[krk uhykA
vfrfjDr iz”uksÙkj
dkO;ka”k ¼i|ka”k½ laca/kh iz”uksRrj
iz- fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka”k dks i<+dj lacaf/kr iz”uksa ds mRrj nhft,
dBiqryh xqLls ------------------------------------ ikoksa ij NksM+ nks
iz1- izLrqr i|ka”k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A
m- izlax % izLrqr i|ka’k gekjh ikB~; iqLrd ^clar* dh dfork ^dBiqryh ls vorfjr gSaA blds ys[kd ^Hkokuh izlkn
feJ* gSaA blesa mUgksaus crk;k fd dSls ,d dBiqryh xqLls esa vkdj vius ca/kuksa dks rksM+uk pkgrh gSA
O;k[;k % dfor dgrk gS fd /kkxksa esa ca/kh&dBiqryh dks viuh ijra=rk ij xqLlk vk tkrk gSA mls nwljksa ds b”kkjs ij
ukpus ls nq%[k gksrk gSA og dgrh gSa fd mlds vkxs&ihNs /kkxs D;ksa ca/ks gSa\ og bUgsa rksM+ nsus dk vkxzg djrh gS vkSj
vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gksuk pkgrh gSA
iz2- dBiqryh xqLls D;ksa mcy iM+h\
m- dBiqryh Øksf/kr ls mBrh gS D;ksafd mls nwljksa ds b”kkjs ij ukpus ls nq[k gksrk gSA /kkxs esa c¡/kh og ijk/khu gSA
mPp rkfdZd {kerk ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
izŒ1 dBiqrfy;ksa ds euks Hkkoksa dk o.kZu djsaA
mŒ ,d dBiqryh dks nq[k ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, fonzksg djrk ns[kdj mlds eq¡g ls fonzksgh Loj fudyrk ns[kdj
ckdh dBiqrfy;ksa us Hkh mldh gk¡ esa gk¡ feykbZ os dgus yxh fd gesa ca/ku esa jgrs gq, cgqr fnu chr x;s gSa ge Hkh
ca/ku eqDr gksuk pkgrh gSaA cgqr fnu gq, u gekjs eu dk nq[k nwj gqvk vkSj u eu esa [kq”kh vkbZ fd ge [kq”k gksdj jgsA
og LOk;a ls iz”u djus yxrh gSaA fd muds eu esa ;g dSlh bPNk txhA mUgsa Hkkos”k esa vkdj ugha cfYd foods ls
lkspdj vkxs dne c<+kuk pkfg,A ijk/khurk esa [kq”k ugha jgk tk ldrkA
ewY;ijd iz”u&
izŒ1 ^dBiqryh* dfork dk mn~ns”; D;k gSa\
mŒ ^dBiqryh* dfork ds ek/;e ls dfor Hkokuhizlkn feJ us ;g n”kkZuk pkgk gS fd ijra=rk esa dksbZ [kq”k ugha jgrkA
/kxksa ls c¡/kh dBiqrfy;k¡ Hkh vius ca/ku rksM+dj Lora=rk dk thou thuk pkgrh gSA ysfdu Lora=rk dk thou Hkh dSlk
gksxk\ D;k os mlls la?k’kZ dj ik,axhA ;g lkspdj Hkh os Mjrh gSA
izŒ2 bl ikB ls geas D;k f”k{kk feyrh gSa\
mŒ ikB esa dBiqrfy;k¡ yEcs le; ls ijk/khu FkhA muds eu esa Lora=rk dh vfHkyk’kk tkx mBh viuh ijk/khurk dks
ns[kdj ,d dBiqryh xqLls ls Hkj mBrh gSA og dgrh gS fd gekjs vkxs ihNs brus /kkxs D;ksa gSaA og LorU= gksdj vius
iSjksa ij [kM+s gksuk pkgrh gSA ;g ikB gesa f”k{kk nsrk gS fd LorU=rk lcdks fiz; gksrh gSA ijk/khurk esa dksbZ ugha jguk
pkgrk lcdks LorU=rk dk vf/kdkj cjkcj gksrk gSA
jpukRed ewY;kadu&
1- LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysus okys 10 LorU=rk lsukfu;ksa dh lwph rS;kj djsaA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
m- Lora=rk vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysus okys nl Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa ds uke dh lwph&
d& paæ”k[kj vktkn
[k& Hkxr flag
x& y{ehckbzzzZ
/k& rkR;kVksi
M& ljnkj cYyHkHkkbzZ iVsy
p& cky cavk/kj fryd
N& ykyk yktirjk;
t& fofiu pUæ cksl
2- ikB ij vk/kkfjr xfrfof/k
v/;kfidk dh lgk;rk ls dBiqrfy;k¡ cukb,a
lgk;d lkexzh& jax fcjaxs diMs+] Åu] /kkxkA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
ikB & 5 feBkbZ okyk ¼Hkokuh izlkn oktis;h½
“kCn vFkZ
1- fofp= vthc
2- eknd eu dks Hkkus okyk
3- LusgkfHkf”kDr Lusg ls ifjiw.kZ
4- varO;kZih chp esa fLFkr
5- m|kuksa cxhpksa
6- iqyfdr f[ky mBuk
7- fgyksj ygj
8- e`nqy e/kqj
9- Lej.k ;kn
10- vfizHk mnkl
11- nLrwj fu;e
12- vktkuqyafcr ?kqVus rd yacs
13- tk;dsnkj Lokfn"V] etsnkj
14- ps"Vk dksf”k”k
15- vB[ksfy;k¡ “kjkjrsa@yhyk,¡
16- rRdky mlh le;
17- vfr”k; vR;f/kd
18- izfrf"Br bTtrnkj
iwoZ Kku ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
iz-1 dqN feBkb;ksa ds uke crkvksA
m- yM~Mw] jlxqYyk] tysch] pepe] lksgu ikiMhA
iz-2 tysch dSls curh gS\
m- xks&xksy] diM+s esa xhyk eSnk HkjdjA
vfr y/kq iz”u
1. ई ग- ग थ और आ थ ?
र- - - औ
2. ई ग थ , ओर आ थ ?
र- - औ ,
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
4. आ र थ ? र-
औ -
5. र र र र ग ?
र-
6. र ई ग थ ? इ र ?
र-
7. ' इ र ग ' - ई ?
र-
-
y/kq iz”u
1. थ और र - थ र ?
र-
औ
2. इ र र आ और र ? र ? आ र ?
र- -
3- gkV&esys] “kkfn vkfn vk;kstu esa dkSu&dkSu lh phtsa vkidks lcls T;knk vkdf‘kZr djrh gS\ mudks ltkus cukus esa
fdldk gkFk gksxk\ mu psgjks ds ckjs esa fyf[k,A
m- gkV&esys] “kkfn vkfn vk;kstu esa f[kykSuksa] feBkb;ksa rFkk diM+ks dh nqdkuks id lth phtsa lcls T;knk vkdf‘kZr
djrh gSA budks ltkus cukus esa muds dkjhxjks rFkk etnwjks dk gkFk gksrk gS] tks vFkd ifjJe ls bUgsa ltkrs lokjrsa
gSA
yxkrkj ifJe djus ds dkj.k ls Jfed ;k dkfjxj dk ckgjh psgjk rks mruk lqanj ugh jg tkrk gS ijarq
vudh cukbZ oLrq,¡ gesa yypkus ij foo”k dj nsrh gSA buds gkFkks rFkk budh dyk esa og tknq gS fd ;s cPps] cw<sa lHkh
dk eu vius }kjk cukbZ oLrqvks ds ek/;e ls eksg ysrs gSA budk psgjk Hkys u [kwclwjr gks] ij budh oLrq,¡ Loa; budh
lqanjrk dks izdV dj nsrh gSA
4z- vkidh xfy;ksa esa dbZ vtuch Qsjh okys vkrs gksaxsA vki muds ckjs esa D;k&D;k tkurs gSa\vxyh ckj tc vki dh
xyh esa dksbZ Qsjh okyk vk;s rks mlls ckrphr dj tkuus dh dksf”k”k dhft,A
m- gekjh xyh esa Hkh vusd Qsjhokys vkrs gSA muesa ls ,d nks ,sls gS tks dbZ ckj vkus rFkk lkeku [kjhnus ds dkj.k
ifjfpr ls gks x, gSA xjeh ds fnukss esa esjs ?kj ij dqN nsj :ddj lqLrkus] ikuh ihus] cSBus ds chp mudk uke] dgk¡
jgrs gS] fdrus cPps gS] dcls ;g dke dj jgs gS] xk¡o NksM+dj “kgj D;ks vk,] ;gh O;olk; D;ksa viuk;k] xk¡o
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
dc&dc tkrs gS vkSj dkSu&dkSu lh dkyksfu;ksa esa lkeku cspus tkrs gS vkfn tkurk gw¡A vxyh
ckj tc dksbZ Qsjhokyk vk,] rks Nk= mi;ZqDr iz”uks dks iqNdj Loa; tkudkjh izkIr djsaA
5z- vkids ekrk firk ds tekus ls ysdj vc rd Qsjh dj vkoktksa esa dSlk cnyko vk;k gS\ cM+ks ls iwNdj fyf[k,A
m- esjs ekrk&firk de tekus ls ysdj vc rd Qsjh okyks dh vkoktks esa ifjorZu vk;k gS ekrk&firk crkrs gS fd igys
Qsjh okys viuk lkeku ihB ij] flj ij ;k lkbfdy ij j[k dj Å¡ph& Å¡ph vkokt yxkdj] dqN lqjhyh vkokt esa
vius lkeku ds ckjs esa xkrs gq, csprs FksAvkt Hkh vusd Qsjh okys ,slk djrs gSA ijarq vf/kdka”k Qsjhokys vc vius
lkeku dks flj ij j[kdj ugha csprs gSA os lkbfdys fjD”kk] Bsyk] ek:fr dkjks esa j[kdj csprs gSA Loa; vkokt yxkus
dh txg os ykmMLihdj ls cksydj ;k muesa dslsV yxkdj lkeku csprs gSA os rks cl xzkgd dks lkeku nsrs gS] cksyus
o vkokt yxkus dk dke ykmMLihdj djrs jgrs gSA
6z- D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd oDr ds lkFk Qsjh ds Loj de gq, gS\ dkj.k fyf[k,A
m- gk¡] oDr ds lkFk Qsjh ds Loj de gq, gS blds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gS&
d- jgu&lgu ds c<+rs Lrj ds dkj.k yksx bu Qsjh okyks ls lkeku [kjhnuk] viuh bTtr ?kV tkuk ekurs gSA
[k- txg&txg ekSy] “kkSfiax lsaVj [kqyrs tk jgs gS] ftu esa ,d gh Nr ds uhps vusd oLrq,¡ fey tkrh gSA
x- ,slh txgks dsh pdkpkSa/k yksxks dks viuh vksj vkdf’kZr djrh gS tcfd Qsjh okys ds ikl pdkpkSa/k ugh gksrh gSA
?k- Qsjh okys ds lkeku gh xq.kork dks yksx vPNk ugh ekurs gSA
M- lkeku dh f”kdk;r djus ds fy, Qsjh okys ds vkus rd bartkj djuk iM+rk gSA
p- lkeku [kjhnsus ds cgkus gh yksx ckgj tkdj ?kqe vkrs gSA
N- foKkiuks dh Hkzked Hkk‘kk] ,d ds lkFk ,d eqq¶r] ,d fu”fpr jde dh [kjhnkjh ij ,d fuf”pr fder dk eq¶r
migkj nsus dk izyksHku gesa Qsjh okyks ls lkeku u [kjhnus rFkk nqdkuks dh vksj tkus dks foo”k djrk gSA
nh/kZ iz”u
iz-1 feBkbZokys ds ifjokj ds lkFk D;k gqvk gksxk\ lksfp, vkSj bl vk/kkj ij ,d vkSj dgkuh cukb,\
m- esjB es ,d ;qok diM+s dk O;kikjh FkkA “kgj esa gh pkSd ds ikl mldh cM+h &lh diM+s dh nqdku FkhA mldh nqdku
esa dqy feykdj nl vU; yksx Hkh dke djrs FksA og vius O;ogkj ls vius lkFk dke djus okys rFkk nqdku ij vkus
okys xzkgdks dks lnSo [kq”k j[kus dk iz;kl djrk FkkA mlus gj izdkj ds diM+s ij viuk equkQk fuf”pr dj j[kk FkkA
esjB esa og T;knk izfl) blfy, Fkk] D;ksafd pkgs cM+k vkneh tk;s mldh nqdku ij ;k etnqj] cq<+k ;k ckyd] lcds
fy, mldk ,d nke FkkA mldk O;kikj fnuksa&fnu Qyrk&Qwyrk tk jgk FkkA
mlds ifjokj esa mlds vykok mldh iRuh vkSj csVk] ,d csVh Hkh FksA “kke dks nqdku can djus dk ,d
fuf”pr le; gksus ls cPps mldk bartkj djrs feyrs FksA /kj igq¡prs gh O;kikjh dh lkjh Fkdku mrj tk;k djrh FkhA
tc mlds nksuks cPps mlls fyiVdj viuh rksryh tcku esa mlls iqNrs Fks] vkn esys fy, R;k yk, vks\ og cPpks dh
mudh eu ilan dh phts nsrkA cPps izlUu gks tkrs vkSj viuh ek¡ dks fn[kkrs vkSj dgrs] nsFkks] ikik gekys fy, Y;k
yk, gSA og lIrkg esa ,d ckj mUgsa ckgj Äqekus ys tkrk FkkA eghus esa ,d ckj] dHkh eghus esa nks ckj mls O;kikj ds
dke ls lwjr] eqEcbZ dydRrk tSls “kgjks esa Hkh tkuk iM+rk FkkA ogk¡ ls ykSVdj og vius cPpks dks T;knk le; nsrkA
le; viuh vck/kxfr ls pyrk jgkA ,d ckj mls vius dke ds flyflys esa eqEcbZ tkuk iM+kA ogk¡ mldh
rch;r [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k ,d lIrkg ls vf/kd le; yx x;kA blh chp esjB esa nks laiznk;ks ds chp >xM+k gks x;k]
ftlus cM+dj fodjky #i /kkj.k dj fn;kA nksuks laiznk;ks ds yksx ,d nwljs dh tku ds nq”eu cu x,A iqjk esjB naxs
dh vkx esa /k/kdus yxkA naxkb;ksa us nqdkuks esa vkx yxkuh “kq# dj nhA ns[krs gh ns[krs vusd nqdkus /kw&/k djds tyus
yxhA O;kikjh dh iRuh vkSj nksuks cPps Hkh bl vkxtuh esa vU; lSdM+ks yksxks ds lkFk ekjs x;sA esjB esa cps yksx Äjks esa
dSn gksdj jg x;sA pkj fnu ckn naxk “kkar gqvkA O;kikjh tc ykSVdj vk;k] rks mldh nqdku vkSj mldh nqfu;k naxs
dh HksaV p<+ pqds FksA eghuks O;kikjh dks fdlh pht dh lq/k&cq/k u jghA mls vius cPps vkSj iRuh dh ;knsa cjkcj
lrk;k djrh FkhA
le; dk ejge mlds t[eksa dks Hkjrk x;k vkSj mlus ÄqV& ÄqV dj ejus ds ctk, lq[k ls ejus dk jkLrk
pqukA mlus O;kikj ij /;ku nsuk “kq# fd;k vkSj viuh [kksbZ [;kfr fQj “khÄz gh vftZr dj yhA vc vius /ku dk ,d
cM+k Hkkx mlus ,d vukFk vkJe cukus es yxk fn;kAmlds bl dk;Z esa ljdkj us tehu rFkk vU; lgk;rk Hkh nhA
mldh dBksj esgur ls vukFk vkJe cudj rS;kj gks x;kA /khjs&/khjs ,d] fQj nks vkSj c<+dj mlesa nl cPps gks x,A
mudh ns[kHkky ds fy, mlus nks efgykvks dks fu;qDr dj fn;kA viuh nqdku can djds “kke dks og vukFk vkJe
igq¡prkA og cPpks ds fy, Qy vkSj feBkbZ;k¡ ys tkuk u HkwyrkA cPps mls ns[krs gh mlls fyiV tkrsA mlus mlh
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
vkJe esa gh viuk vkokl cuk fy;kA og cPpks dks eghusa esa nks ckj ckgj vo”; Äqekus ys tk;k
djrk FkkA cPps T;ksa&T;ksa cM+s gksrs tkrs] og mUgsa fudV ds Ldwy esa nkf[ky djk nsrkA ,d ckj fo|ky; ds ,d
v/;kid us O;kikjh ls iwNk ]Þvki cPpks ds fy, bruk lc D;ksa djrs gS\ dgk¡ ls feys ;s cPps vkidksß rks O;kikjh us
dgk] Þlj ;s os vukFk cPPs gS] ftuds ekrk&firk naxs esa ekjs x, Fks] vkSj budks dksbZ lgkjk nsus okyk ugh FkkA eSa bu
cPPkks ds lkFk ,slk blfy, djrk gw¡A fd naxs esa vius cPpks dks [kks pqdk gw¡A bu cPpks dks g¡lrs&[ksyrs mNyrs&dwnrs
ns[kdj yxrk gS fd esjs vius cPps gh gSaA eq>s bu esa vius cPpks dh Noh fn[krh gSA O;kikjh dh ;s ckrsa lqudj
v/;kid izHkkfor gq, fd ftl fnu mudk vodk”k gksrk] og viuk le; vukFk vkJe ds cPpks dks i<krs gq, fcrkus
yxsA bu cPpks dks [kqf”k;k¡ nsrs&nsrs O;kikjh dk viuk nq[k dgk¡ [kks x;k] mls [kqn irk ugh gSaA vkJe esa cPps mlds
vkus dk bartkj djrs gSa] rks nqdku ij yksx diM+s okys dkA vkf[kj vkt Hkh og yksxks dk ogha pgsrk diM+s okyk gSA
1. ई ग ड ऊ र ' ' ग इ -
( ) ' ' आ , , आ ?
( ) ऊ र ग ?
र- ( ) - , ( ) औ
vfrfjDr iz”uksRrj
iz1- ^feBkbZ okyk* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd feBkbZ okys dks vius O;olk; esa D;k feyrk Fkk\
m- feBkbZ oksy dks vius O;olk; esa iSlksa dk dksbZ yksHk&ykyp u Fkk] mls pkfg, Fkh ekufld larqf"V o cPpksa dk izseA
;s nksuksa gh mls cPpksa dh euilan thpsas dHkh feBkbZ] dHkh f[kykSus o dHkh eqjfy;k¡ cspdj fey tkrs FksA cPpksa dks tc
og [kq’k ns[krk rks mls yxrk fd vle; gh e`R;q dks izkIr mlds cPpksa us bUgha cPpksa esa gh dgha tUe fy;k gksxk] os
vo’; izlUurk ikys gksaxsA
iz2- feBkbZ okys us viuh feBkb;ks dh D;k fo’ks”krk,¡ crkbZ\
m- feBkbZ okys viuh feBkb;ksa dh fo’ks”krk,¡ crkbZ fd ;s ubZ rjg dh gSa jax&fcjaxh gSa] dqN [kV~Vh gSa rks dqN ehBh]
tk;dsnkj gSa vkSj tYnh ?kqyrh ughaA eq¡g esa nsj rd fVdrh gSaA cPpsa bUgsa pko ls pwlrs gSaA ;s [kk¡lh Hkh nwj djrh gSaA
piVh] xksy o igynkj dbZ rjg dh gSaA
mPp rkfdZd {kerk ij vk/kkfjr iz”u&
izŒ1 ^feBkbZ okyk* ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb, fd feBkbZ okys dks vius O;olk; esa D;k feyrk Fkk\
mŒ feBkbZ okys dks vius O;olk; esa iSlksa dk dksbZ yksHk&ykyp u Fkk] mls pkfg, Fkh ekufld larqf’V o cPpksa dk izseA
;s nksuksa gh mls cPpksa dh euilan thpsa dHkh feBkbZ] dHkh f[kykSus o dHkh eqjfy;k¡ cspdj fey tkrs FksA cPpksa dks t
cog [kq”k ns[krk rks mls yxrk fd vle; gh eR;q dks izkIr mlds cPpksa us bUgha cPpksa esa gh dgha tUe fy;k gksxk] os
vo”; izlUurk ikys gksaxsA
ewY;ijd iz”u&
izŒ1 bl ikB ls vkidks ekuoh; LoHkko ds fdl i{k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyrh gSa\
mŒ dksbZ Hkh vfiz; ?kVuk gekjs eu ds fo”okl dks vfo”okl esa cny ldrh gSA feBkbZ okys dh d:.k xkFkk lqudj
nknh dks nq[k gqvk mls vius nksuksa cPps ;kn vk x;sA og cPpksa ij xqLlk ugha djrk FkkA og cPpksa dks lkeku ns nsrk
FkkA og ykHk dekus ds fy, viuk lkeku ugha csprk Fkk] og rks cl vius cPpksa dh >yd ns[kus ds fy, cPpksa dks
lLrk lkeku fn;k djrk FkkA blls gesa d:.k i{k dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA
Shanti Niketan Vidyapeeth Group of Schools
6th Mile Stone Mawana Road Meerut-250001
izŒ2 D;k ;g ?kVuk vkt ds okLrfod thou ls esy [kkrh gS\ crkb,A
mŒ ;g ?kVuk vkt ds okLrfod thou ls esy ugha [kkrh D;ksafd vkt ge lansg ds okrkoj.k esa th jgs gSA dksbZ Hkh
ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dk fdlh leku cspus okyksa ls esy&tksy c<+us ugha nsrsA ,d vifjfpr ls cPpksa dks eq¶r esa
lkeku ugha ysus nsrsA
jpukRed ewY;kadu&
1- feBkbZ okys dk “kCn fp= cukvks ^fp= fuekZ.k*
m- feBkbZokyk iSarhl& NRrhl lky dk xksjk O;fDr gS mlds cky dqN cM+s rFkk dkys gS dqN cky mM+dj ekFks ij fxj
vk, gSA psgjs ij xgus ew¡Ns vkSj gYdh lh eqLdku gSA mlus dekt vkSj /kksrh igu j[kh gSA mlds da/ks ij ,d ykBh
j[kh gS ftl ds Åijh Hkkx esa ck¡l dh vusd rhfy;k¡ yxh gS] ftu esa NksVh& NksVh lQsn ikWyhFkhu dh FkSfy;ksa esa
feBkbZ;k¡ yVd jgh gSA cPpks ds fy, feBkbZ;k¡ ys yks ------------ feBkbZ;k¡ dgrk gqvk /khjs&/khjs c<+rk pyk tk jgk gSA