dmnamaeqihubepø bergoneday elakrku xyn egog...

saklviTüal½yPUminÞksikmµ

mhaviTüal½yviTüasaRsþksikmµ

muxviC¢a dMNaMaeQIhUbEpø

beRgoneday

elakRKU XYn eGog

sikSaelIdMNaM»Lwk

nisiSteQµaH Xin rdæa

qñaMsikSa 2012-2013

matikar

TMB½r

esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >1

CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

1-1 RbvtþidMNaM«Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

1-3 sßanPaB»LwkenAkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

1-4 GtßRbeyaCéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>3

CMBUkTI2 lkçNHrUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

2-1 cMNat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

2-2 srIragÁlUtlas;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

k-edIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

x- søwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >5

K- rws>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5

X- páa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 6

g- Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

c- RKab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

CMBUkTI3 lkçNHVIvsaRsþéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7

3-1 vKÁduHBnøk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7

3-2 vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7

3-3 vKÁbnþBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7

3-3-1 tMrUvkarGakasFatu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8

k- BnøÅ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >8

x- sItuNðPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8

K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8

X-lkçNHdI nigsaFatuciB¢awm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>8

CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

4-1 karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

- kareRCiserIskEnøgdMa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

- karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >9

- karCIkreNþA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

4-2 kardaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

- kareRCIserIsBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

- sMParHsMrab;daM nigbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

- rebobbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 10

4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>11

- kareRsacTwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 1

- kareFIVesAµ nig RCMKl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12

- kardkrMlYskUn nig RKb;Kl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

- karkat;Tg nig Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

- kardak;CIbMb:n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 4

- karkMcat;stVl¥it CMgW nigviFankarkMcat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14

4-4 karRbmUlpl nigTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

- eBlevlaRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

- lkçNHsMKal;»LwkTMu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15

- rebobebH»LwkTMu nig rebobTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>15

Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

esckþIepIþm

»LwkCadMNaMmYyRbePT EdlksikrdaMedIm,IeRbIR)as;[Gs;lT§PaB nigGacTTYl)annUv

R)ak;kMérxøH² EdlGaceFIV[CIvPaBFUrRsal nigBMueFIV[ksikrenATMenr bnÞab;BIeFIVERscMkar.

bc©úb,nñenH enAkñúgRbeTskmçúCaeyIg ksikrPaKeRcInEdldaMdMNaM»LwkKW Kat;BMu)an

eRCIsnUvBUCEdll¥sMrab;daMduHeLIy. BUCPaKeRcInEdlksikrdaMKW naMmkBIRbeTseRkAdUcCa

BUCGIuRbIt ehIyRbsinebIksikreyIgTukBUCEdlKat;daMqñaMmunenaH sMrab;eFIVBUCeTAqñaMeRkayKWva

nigeFIV[man plb:HBal;dl; Tnñipl nigTIpSar.

RbeTskm

CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk

1-1 RbvtþidMNaM»Lwk eyagtambuerRbvtþi Decondolle 1882 )an[dwgfadaMNaM»LwkmanRbPBkMenItenAtMbn;

ekaHxSac;PaKxagt,ÚgTVIbGaRhIkehAfa Kalaharia. karbriePaK»LwkmantaMgBI 4000 qñaMmun

enAsm½yeGsIiub. dMNaM»LwkRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal; y:agTUlMTUlaykñúgtMbn;ekþAenAelIBiPBelak

CaBiessenAtamtMbn;RtUBikenATVIbGaRBik.bnÞab;mksayPayenAcin Cb:un nigGasIuGaeKñy_.

1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak BiPBelakeyIgbc©úb,nñenH kardaMduH)anmankMenInrhUt;dl;eTACag 2lanhiktaehIyTnñi

plsrubkñúgmYyqñaM²Rbman 30lanetankñúgenaHTVIbGasIumanCag 50PaKryénplitplBiPB

elak.

RbeTsCaeRcInenAGasIukMBugdaMdMNaM»Lwk mandYcCa RbeTscin \NÐa éf Cb:un étva:n;

kUer:xagt,Úg nigm:aelsIu.ehIyenAmanmYyEb:keTot enA GIur:g TUKI shrdæGaemrik eRbsIus eG

sIub nigmiucsIuckU.

1-3 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkenAkm

1-4 GtßRbeyaCn_éndMNaM»Lwk mandMNaMhUbépøeRcInRbePTEdlRtUvsßtikñúgRkum bEnøpg nig CadMNaMhUbEpøpg dYcCa

dMNa»LwkCaedIm vaRtUv)aneKbriePaKEpøx©I²kñúgtMbn;RbeTsRkIRkmYycMnYn EdlminsMbUrbEnør

b:uEnþedayELkRbeTsPaKeRcIn eKEtgEtbriePaKEpøTMuCabEg¥m ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBesÞIrEt

eBjBiPBelak.

»LwkPaKeRcInenAkm

CMBUkTI2 lkçN³rUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk

2-1 cMNaat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk

RkumGñkekSRtviTU)anrab;bB©ÚaldMNaM»LwkenAkñúgRKYsar Cucurbitacea lMdab; Cucurbit

EdlmaneQµaHviTüasaRsþCitrullus Lanatus nig manRkUm:UsUm2n=22. 2-2 sirIragÁlUtlas;

k-edIm

edIm»LwktUcqµarmanragRCug nigqñÚttambeNþayedIm.edIm manbeNþay 1 5 eTA 5

Em:RtehIyGacbt;Ebn)an nigmaneramBN_s.

x- søwk

»LwkmansøwkeTal søwkqøas;Kña søwksMEb:tesþIgmanrUbsNßaneRcInRbePT ragEqk rag

RTEvg man RTnugecjmkeRkA TMhMsøwk 5 20 s m søwkkgðareRCA 3 5 EqkEdlEqkenaHman

ragdYcs‘utRTEvgmanRTnugecjmkeRkA søwksßittMerobdYceFµj ehIyEqkmYyFMenAcMkNþal.

TgsøwkmanRbEvg 2 14 s m EdmanRbEvg 2 4 s m.

K- rws

rws»LwkmanBIrRbePTKW rwsEkv nigrwsEsJrehIyvacak;cUlkñúgdImanCMrARbmaN 50

60 s m.

X- páa

»LwkmanpáajI nigpáaeQµaldac;edayELkBIKña. páaeQµaleRcInrIkmunpáajI ehIykar

bgárkMeNIteRcIneFIVenAeBlRBwkema:g 7 dl;ema:g 11.

»LwkmanpáaeQµal rWÉkePT páaecjBIKl;søwk ehIyenAelITgpáamaneramEvg²manBN_elOg

RbElt manGgát;p©it 2 3 s m.

-4-

CaFmµtavdþCIvitrbs;va man6eksseQµalRtYvnig1ekssjIpáa»LwkmanRtbk 5 nig

RsTab; 5 páaeQµalmanfg;lMGg 3 enATgeksseQµalxøIpàajIenAxageRkammanragdYcs‘ut

GUEvmaneram nigbMBg;lMGgxøImYybB©ab;edaysÞicm:a 3 TekdmenAkñúgpáajI.

g- Epø

Epø»LwkmanRbePTxus²KñaeTAtamBUCdYcCa ragmUl ragRTEvg nigragBgRkeBI RbEvg

60 70 s m nigmanTMgn; 1 5 eTA 3 KILÚRkam.ÉsMbkERbRbYleTAtamRbePTBYCEdr KWsMbk

relag rWmaneramesþIgeTARkas; RsYyeTAsVit nigTn;. »LwkmansMbkBN_ébtg BN_Bgman; nig

BN_elOg BN_ébtgx©I nigBN_ébtgcas; cMeBaHBN_TaMgGs;enHGacmanBN_dYcKñaTaMgGs; BN_

cMruHrWBN_qñÚt. sac;latsnßwgsMbk ehIysac;PaKeRcIn BN_Rkhm nigBN_elOg b:uEnþ k¾manBN_

páaQUk BN_TwkRkUc nigBN_spgEdr.vaynPaBsac;manRKab; sac;eRKIm sac;m:t; nig sés.

c- RKab;

»LwkmanRKab;BaseBjsac; nigmanRbmaNBI 250 900 RKab;kñúgmYyEpø.RKab;man

sNßanrelag ragsMEb:t manbeNþayBI 6 15 m m TTwg 5 7 m m.RKab;»LwkmanBN_xus²Kña

GaEs½yeTAtamBUC dUcCa BN_exµA BN_etñat BN_elOg ehIykMrmanBN_sNas;minEtb:ueNñaH

RKab;»LwkKµanGg;dUEsþmeT.

-5-

edIm páa

RKab; Epø

-6-

CMBUkTI3 lkçN³CIvsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk

3-1 karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM»Lwk

k- vKÁduHBnøk

RKab;»LwkGac;rkSaTuk)anry³eBl 8qñaMy:agyUenAeRkamsItuNðPaB 18GgSar.»Lwk

mandMNuHeGBICIl ehIyvarIkkUTIeldUnenAry³eBl 3éf¶eRkaysab nigelcecjsøwkdMbUgenA

ry³eBl 1 s)aþh_eRkay bnÞab;mkk_ecjsøwkTI 2 nigTI3 EtvaBMusUvEqkeRCAb:unµaneT.

x- vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk

søwk»LwkduHecjbnþbnÞab;tamRbB½n§qøas; ehIyedImemBnøÚtedImkan;EtxøaMg cenøaHfñaMg

kan;EtEvg rIÉedImemenHduHlUtlas;)an 3 4 fñaMgeTIbEbkEmk.

K- vKábnþBUC

vKÁbnþBUCKWCadMNak;kalmYyEdl dMNaMTamTarnUvlkçxNÐmYyd_RbesIrdYcCa sMeNImdI

sMeNImbriyakas nigsItuNðPaB.páaeQµalecjdMbUgenAfñaMTI 10 15 ehIypáajIecjenAfñaMgTI

7enAeBleRkay.páajIdMbUgEtgEtmankar GPivDÆn_GUEvexSay ehIybegáIt)anCaEpø.páaGacecj

rhUtdl; 50 80 éf¶bnÞab;BIdMNuH.páa»LwkrIkbnÞab;BIRBHGaTitürH nigbnþrIkrhUteBjmYyéf¶.

kenSameksjI nigeksseQµalEdlmanenA elIfñaMg TI 2 nigTI3 eRkayeBlpáarIkenAéf¶dEdl.

kareraylMGgbNþalmkBIstVl¥itPaKeRcInKW stVXµúM. enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 24 em:ag bnÞab;BIkar

eraylMGg TgpáaeLIgEvg nigekagBIelIcuHCamYy nigGUEveLIge)a:g.karRbmUlplEpøKWcab;BI

30 50 éf¶bnÞab;BIkareraylMGg.

3-2 tMrUkarGakasFatu

k- BnøW

BnøW mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;sMrab;FmµCati »LwkRtUvkarBnøWéf¶efr. BnøWéf¶nigGakasFatuCa

lkçN³l¥sMrab;karduHlUtlas; nigkarbegáInEpø.

-7-

x- sItuNðPaB

»LwkCadMNaMEdlRtUvkarsItuNðPaBekþAlµmKW enAeBléf¶ 20 30 GgSares nigsItuNð

PaBFMenAeBlyb;KW 18 GgSares.

K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas

cMeBaHdMNaM»Lwk ebIkMBs;TwkePøogx

CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk

4-1 karerobcMdI

karerobcMdI)anRtwmRtUveFIV[eyIgTTYl)anpleRcIn.

- kareRCIserIskEnøgdaM CaTUeTAdMNaM»LwkGacdaM)anRKb;rdUv nigRKb;tMbn;. eyIgGacdaMenAcMkar rWvalERs

eRkayBIRbmUlplRsUvehIy. ehIycMeBaHrdUvR)aMgRtUveRCIserIsTIkEnøgdaMenACitRbPBTwk

TIvalKµanmøb;. cMEnkvdUvvsSa RtUvdaMenAtMbn;enAdIxk ehIyenACitKl; sMbkBN_ébtg rlIgKµanRTnugsac;hab; BN_

Rkhm.edayeyIgRKan;EtlagykRKab;haléf¶ mankMedalµmry³eBl 3éf¶ rYcRckdbcukRKb;

[Cit.BUC»LwkEdleKniymdaMKWeQµaH )ab‘Í EdlmansMbkBN_ébtgcas; Gayu 55éf¶.rIÉ BUC

»LwkGIutalIvij manGayu 65éf¶.ehIy»LwkTaMgBIRbePTenHmanlk;enAelITIpSar.

- karerobcMdI eKalbMNgénkarP¢ÜrdIKWedIm,IsMGatesµA eFVI[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUl TwkRCabkñúgdI)an

l¥ CYydl;karlUtlas;rbs;rws nigedIm»Lwk.karP¢ÜrdIeFVIeLIgcMnYn2eTA3dg tamsßanPaBdI.

karP¢ÜrelIkTI1 P¢Ürdas;dI nigsMGatesµA[s¥atrYchalecal1s)þah_.

-9-

kñúgkarP¢ÜrelIkTI1enH KYrP¢ÜelibrukçCatiRss; dUcCaedImsøwksENþk EmknigsøwkGgáaj;

edIm nigsøwkTRnÞagExRt søwkGgÁardI>>>>>>>kb;cUlkñúgdI edIm,I[rlYykøayCaCI.

karP¢ÜrelIkTI2 bnÞab;BIrP¢ÜrelIkTI1 1-2s)þah_eyIg)acCIkMb:usþ rWlamkstV rYcP¢ÜrelIkTI2edIm,I

lubCI.eRkayBIP©ÜrTaMgBIelIkrYcehIy ras;bMEbk nigekordI[esµI.

P¢Ürras;eFVIy:agNa[dImanlkçN³FM²bnþic edIm,IkMu[dIqab;hab; enAeblmanePøog rWeRsacTwk.

- karCIkreNþA

CIkreNþA[FMlµmEdlGacdak;CIenAkñúgreNþA)an.

CIkreNþATMhM30KuN40 s>m nigCMerA 15-20 s>m.TukcenøaHBIreNþAmYyeTAreNþAmYy 1>5m

eTA2m GaRs½yeTAtamBUC»Lwk.

dak;CIkMb:usenAkñúgreNþAnImYy² mun nigykkUnrWRKab;»LwkeTAdaM.eRkABIykeTAeFVICIRTab;)at

eyIgGaceRbICIkMb:ussMrab;bMb:nenAeBlkUn»LwkduH.

4-2 kardaMdMNaM»Lwk

kardaM»LwkEtUvkareRtomlkçNTukCamunedIm,I[)anpll¥.

sMPar³sMrab;bNþúH nigdaM mandUcCa

- søwkeck nigknøas; - RkNat; nigcanEdk - cbkab; Eb:l cbcUk - CIkMb:usþ nigdI - FugTwkpáaQUk - RKab;BUC - bgÁI - kMTiccMebIug nigExSEm:Rt. - rebobbNþúH

-10-

1RtUveRCIserIsRKab;BUCNaEdlrkSaTuk)anyUrl¥ KµanCMgW nigKµankarbMpajBIstVl¥it.

ykRKab;eTAhaléf¶cMnYn 2em:ag bnÞab;mkykeTARtaMTwkekþA]Nð²cMnYn4em:ag.

2 rYcRsg;RKab;ykmkx©b;nigRkNat; ehIyykeTAkb;kñúdIesIm [)an1éf¶1yb; edIm,I

[RKab;duHbnøk.

3 eFIVkenÞagsøwkeckedIm,IbNþúHkUn.

4 laydICamYyCIkMb:usþBukpuy[esµIPaKKña rYcykmkdak;kñúgkenÞag ehIydak;kMu[eBjdl;

mat;kenÞageBk edIm,IeRtomdak;RKab;BUC.

5 ykRKab;Edl)anbNþúHrYceTAkb;daMkñúgkenÞagsøwkeck edaydak;1-2RKab;kñúg1kenÞag.

6 eRkayBIkb;RKab;daMkñúgkenÞagehIy RtUvykdIrWkMTiccMebIugmkRKbBIelI[eBj.eRsacTwk

[eTogTat;ral;RBwk nigl¶acry³ebl3éf¶.éf¶bnÞab;²eRsacEtmþg)anehIy.

eKGacykRKab;BUCEdlduHBnøkeTAdaMkñúgreNþAEtmþg edaykñúgmYyreNþAkb;RKab;daMcMnYn2-

3RKab; nigkb;kñúgCMerA 2-4 sm.

- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar eyIgGacykkUn»LwkeTAdaMkñúgcMkareRkayeBlvaduH)an 3-4 snøwk.

1 eRCIserIskUn»LwkNaEdleføasl¥ nigKµankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it.

2 CB¢ÚankUneTAdaMkñúgcMkar. bkkenÞag rYckb;kUn»LwkdaM edaydak; 1-2edIm kñúg1reNþA.

3 eRkayBIdaMRKab; rWkUnehIy RtUveRsacTwk[eCakrYcykkMTiccMebIugmkRKbKl;va edIm,ITuk

[dIenAesIm)anyUr.

kardak;RKab; rWkUneRcIneBkkñúg1reNþA eFIV[kUn»LwkduHRbECgKña bNþal[edImtUc minFn;

eTAnigkMlaMgxül;bk;.

kñúgcMkarRtUvdaMdMNaMepsgeTot dUcCa eBat sENþk>>>>>edIm,ITak;TajstVl¥itEdlCYynaM

lMGgeFVI[»LwkecjpáaEpø. mü:ageTot dMNaMTamenHCYy[»Lwkvaretag Tb;Tl; nigkMlaMg

xül;bk;.

-11-

4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl

edIm,daM»Lwk[)anpll¥RtUvmankarEfTaMdYcCa kareRsacTwk dak;CI CMrHesµA BUnKl; nig

mankarkat;ExñgRtYy nigEpøecjxøH.

- kareRsacTwk

TwkmansarsMxan;sMrab;karlUtlas; nigkarecjEpørbs;»Lwk.enArdUvR)aMgeRsac Twk[

esIm lµmral;RBwk nigl¶ac.enArdUvvsSa RtUvCIkcg¥ÚrbgðÚrTwkecjxøH edIm,IkMu[dk ;TwkenA kñúg

cMkarEdlnaM[ekItCMgWpSit bNþal[rlYyKl;.

kMueRsacTwkeRcIn enAebl»LwkkMBuglUtlas;xøaMg nigecjEpøpáa eRBaHGaceFIV[Epø»LwkRbH

Ebk ehIyedImGacRbHecjC½r.

- kareFIVesAµ nigRCMKl; kareFVIesµA nigRCMKl;[)an 2-3dg cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;RbmUlpl.elIkTI1 mYys)þah_

eRkayBIdaM. elIkTI2 mYys)þah_eRkayBIkareFIVesµAelIkTI1 nigelIkTI3 eRkayBIecjkþwbEpø.

kMuRCYy rWBUnKl;enAeBl»LwkEbkExñgeRcIn eRBaHvaGacb:HBal;dl;RtYyEdlkMBuglUtlas;.

- kardkrMelaHkUn nigRKbKl; karTukkUn»Lwk[duHeRcInkñúg1reNþAeFIV[karlUtlas;minsUvl¥nigEpøtUc.

enAeBlRKab;duH RtUvdkrMelaHkUnecjxøH edayTukEtkUnEdleføas²l¥ 1-2edImkñú1reNþA.

RtUvRkalcMebIg kMe)oaks¶Üt rWGgáam RKbtamcenøaHrg nigKl;dMNaM.

- karkat;Tg nigEpø karEfTaMedaykat;RtYy Tg nigEpøecjxøHeFIV[»LwkduHlUtlas;l¥ nigmanEpøFM.

edImEdllUtEvg RtUvkat;RtYyecalxøH CaBiess eBl»LwkmanGayu35éf¶ edaykñúg1edImTuk

Et2Exñg.EnAeBl»LwkecjEpø RtUvrkSaTukEpøEt1 kñúg1edIm KWTukEpøEdlenAEpñkkNþaledIm.

ebHEpøenAEk,rKl; nigenAxagcugecal.

-12-

karkat;RtYy Tg nigEpø KWkMu[edIm nigTglUtlas;l¥eBk edIm,I[CIeTAciB¢wamEpø nigExñgepSg

eTotEdleyIgcg;)an.

- kardak;CIbMb:n - CIeKak sarFatupSM CIkMb:usþ rWlamkbkSI dak;enAeBlRCMKl; nigdak;enAq¶ayBIKl;dMNaM 30-

40 sm CaBiessdak;muneBl»Lwkecjpáa.

viFIeRbI

elIkTI1 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 10-15éf¶.


elIkTI3 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 30-40éf¶ eBl»Lwkecjpáa kþwb.

- CITwk RtIgab; Gac;Rbecov søwkTRnÞanExRt RtaMCamYyTwk TukknøHEx eTIbykeTAeRbI. eRkABICIkMb:usþ eKGaceRbICIlamkbkSI edIm,I[Epø»LwkmanrsCatiEp¥m nigsac;BN_Rkhm.

eCosvagkaeeRbICIlamkstVRss; eRBaHenAeBlEdlCIcab;epþImbMEbksarFatuvabeB©ajkMedA

eFVI[b:HBal;dl;rws»Lwk.kardak;CIenAEk,rKl;GacbNþal[kUn»LwkrlYy.

- stVl¥it CMgW nig viFankarkMcat; k>stVl¥it

- RTIb thripes - éc Aphids - ruyecaH Fruit fly - xµÚtbMpøajRtsk; Cucumber beetles - stVkEB©asIuel

x> CMgWbNþalmkBIpSit

- CMgWs¶Ütsøwk edIm nigrws

- CMgWdMe)A

karkMcat;KWRtUveRbIfñaMsMlab;CMgWpSitpSMBIsrIragÁ eRbIBUCFn;nigCMgW nigkMudaMdMNaMdEdl².

-14-

4-4 karRbmUlpl nig TukRKab;BUC

- lkçN³sMKal;Epø»LwkTMu

Epø»LwkEdlTMumanlkçN³sMKal;mYycMnYndUcCa

éd rWTgEdlCab;nigEpømanBN_elOg sVitrWgab;.eKaHEpøsþab;semøg nigRtecok lWsUrpøúg².

sMbkeLIgrelagmanBN_ébtgcas; layelOg.

- rebobebHEpø»LwkTMu edIm,ITukEpø»Lwk[)anyUr eyIgRtUvecHrebobebH nig Tukdak;[)anRtwmRtUv.»LwkTuk)anl¥

GacrkS)an2s)þah_.

- rebobTukRKab;BUC BUCEdlmankarsMrwtsMraMg)anl¥ eFIV[edIm»LwkduH)anl¥ nig[EpøeRcIn.RtUveRCIserIsEpø

EdlmansMbkesþIg EpøFMl¥ minmankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it nigCMgW.

1 rkSaEpøTMu[pusl¥Cab;nigedImenAkñúgcMkar

2 ebHEpEdlTMupusenaH rYcBuHykRKab;lagTwksMGat[s¥atl¥.

3 erIsykRKab;NaEdllicTwkmkhaléf¶ [)an 4-5éf¶ haléf¶RsTMu cenøaHem:ag 7eTA

11RBwk.

4 eRkayBIhaléf¶s¶Üt RckRKab;kñúgdbbiTCit edIm,ITukdaMenArdUveRkay.kñúgry³eBlrkSa

RKab;Tuk RtUv]sSah_Binitü nigcak;RKab;haléf¶edIm,IkMu[mancMgWpSit.

-15-

Éksareyag

- Em:n vNÑarI sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 1999-2003 CMnan;TI16

karsikSavaytMélBUC»LwkEdlmanlkçN³smRsb niglkçxNÐRbeTskm

matikar TMB½r

esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >1

CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2

1-1 RbvtþidMNaM«Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>

1-3 sßanPaB»LwkenAkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

1-4 GtßRbeyaCéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CMBUkTI2 lkçNHrUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

2-1 cMNat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

2-2 srIragÁlUtlas;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

k-edIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

x- søwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>

K- rws>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

X- páa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>

g- Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

c- RKab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>

CMBUkTI3 lkçNHVIvsaRsþéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5

3-1 vKÁduHBnøk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3-2 vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

3-3 vKÁbnþBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >

3-3-1 tMrUvkarGakasFatu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

k- BnøÅ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>

x- sItuNðPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

X-lkçNHdI nigsaFatuciB¢awm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4-1 karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- kareRCiserIskEnøgdMa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- karCIkreNþA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>

4-2 kardaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- kareRCIserIsBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >

- sMParHsMrab;daM nigbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>

- rebobbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>

- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- kareRsacTwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- kareFIVesAµ nig RCMKl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>

- kardkrMlYskUn nig RKb;Kl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- karkat;Tg nig Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>

- kardak;CIbMb:n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- karkMcat;stVl¥it CMgW nigviFankarkMcat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

4-4 karRbmUlpl nigTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>

- eBlevlaRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

- lkçNHsMKal;»LwkTMu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>

- rebobebH»LwkTMu nig rebobTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

esckþIepIþm

»LwkCadMNaMmYyRbePT EdlksikrdaMedIm,IeRbIR)as;[Gs;lT§PaB nigGacTTYl)annUv

R)ak;kMérxøH² EdlGaceFIV[CIvPaBFUrRsal nigBMueFIV[ksikrenATMenr bnÞab;BIeFIVERscMkar.

bc©úb,nñenH enAkñúgRbeTskmçúCaeyIg ksikrPaKeRcInEdldaMdMNaM»LwkKW Kat;BMu)an

eRCIsnUvBUCEdll¥sMrab;daMduHeLIy. BUCPaKeRcInEdlksikrdaMKW naMmkBIRbeTseRkAdUcCa

BUCGIuRbIt ehIyRbsinebIksikreyIgTukBUCEdlKat;daMqñaMmunenaH sMrab;eFIVBUCeTAqñaMeRkayKWva

nigeFIV[man plb:HBal;dl; Tnñipl nigTIpSar.

RbeTskm

CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk

1-1 RbvtþidMNaM»Lwk eyagtambuerRbvtþi Decondolle 1882 )an[dwgfadaMNaM»LwkmanRbPBkMenItenAtMbn;

ekaHxSac;PaKxagt,ÚgTVIbGaRhIkehAfa Kalaharia. karbriePaK»LwkmantaMgBI 4000 qñaMmun

enAsm½yeGsIiub. dMNaM»LwkRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal; y:agTUlMTUlaykñúgtMbn;ekþAenAelIBiPBelak

CaBiessenAtamtMbn;RtUBikenATVIbGaRBik.bnÞab;mksayPayenAcin Cb:un nigGasIuGaeKñy_.

1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak BiPBelakeyIgbc©úb,nñenH kardaMduH)anmankMenInrhUt;dl;eTACag 2lanhiktaehIyTnñi

plsrubkñúgmYyqñaM²Rbman 30lanetankñúgenaHTVIbGasIumanCag 50PaKryénplitplBiPB

elak.

RbeTsCaeRcInenAGasIukMBugdaMdMNaM»Lwk mandYcCa RbeTscin \NÐa éf Cb:un étva:n;

kUer:xagt,Úg nigm:aelsIu.ehIyenAmanmYyEb:keTot enA GIur:g TUKI shrdæGaemrik eRbsIus eG

sIub nigmiucsIuckU.

1-3 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkenAkm

CMBUkTI2 lkçN³rUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk

2-1 cMNaat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk

RkumGñkekSRtviTU)anrab;bB©ÚaldMNaM»LwkenAkñúgRKYsar Cucurbitacea lMdab; Cucurbit EdlmaneQµaHviTüasaRsþCitrullus Lanatus nig manRkUm:UsUm2n=22.

2-2 sirIragÁlUtlas;

k-edIm

edIm»LwktUcqµarmanragRCug nigqñÚttambeNþayedIm.edIm manbeNþay 1 5 eTA 5

Em:RtehIyGacbt;Ebn)an nigmaneramBN_s.

x- søwk

»LwkmansøwkeTal søwkqøas;Kña søwksMEb:tesþIgmanrUbsNßaneRcInRbePT ragEqk rag

RTEvg man RTnugecjmkeRkA TMhMsøwk 5 20 s m søwkkgðareRCA 3 5 EqkEdlEqkenaHman

ragdYcs‘utRTEvgmanRTnugecjmkeRkA søwksßittMerobdYceFµj ehIyEqkmYyFMenAcMkNþal.

TgsøwkmanRbEvg 2 14 s m EdmanRbEvg 2 4 s m.

K- rws

rws»LwkmanBIrRbePTKW rwsEkv nigrwsEsJrehIyvacak;cUlkñúgdImanCMrARbmaN 50

60 s m.

X- páa

»LwkmanpáajI nigpáaeQµaldac;edayELkBIKña. páaeQµaleRcInrIkmunpáajI ehIykar

bgárkMeNIteRcIneFIVenAeBlRBwkema:g 7 dl;ema:g 11.

»LwkmanpáaeQµal rWÉkePT páaecjBIKl;søwk ehIyenAelITgpáamaneramEvg²manBN_elOg

RbElt manGgát;p©it 2 3 s m. CaFmµtavdþCIvitrbs;va man6eksseQµalRtYvnig1ekssjI

páa»LwkmanRtbk 5 nigRsTab; 5 páaeQµalmanfg;lMGg 3 enATgeksseQµalxøIpáajIenAxag

eRkammanragdYcs‘ut GUEvmaneram nigbMBg;lMGgxøImYybB©ab;edaysÞicm:a 3 TekdmenAkñúgpàajI.

g- Epø

Epø»LwkmanRbePTxus²KñaeTAtamBUCdYcCa ragmUl ragRTEvg nigragBgRkeBI RbEvg

60 70 s m nigmanTMgn; 1 5 eTA 3 KILÚRkam.ÉsMbkERbRbYleTAtamRbePTBYCEdr KWsMbk

relag rWmaneramesþIgeTARkas; RsYyeTAsVit nigTn;. »LwkmansMbkBN_ébtg BN_Bgman; nig

BN_elOg BN_ébtgx©I nigBN_ébtgcas; cMeBaHBN_TaMgGs;enHGacmanBN_dYcKñaTaMgGs; BN_

cMruHrWBN_qñÚt. sac;latsnßwgsMbk ehIysac;PaKeRcIn BN_Rkhm nigBN_elOg b:uEnþ k¾manBN_

páaQUk BN_TwkRkUc nigBN_spgEdr.vaynPaBsac;manRKab; sac;eRKIm sac;m:t; nig sés.

c- RKab;

»LwkmanRKab;BaseBjsac; nigmanRbmaNBI 250 900 RKab;kñúgmYyEpø.RKab;man

sNßanrelag ragsMEb:t manbeNþayBI 6 15 m m TTwg 5 7 m m.RKab;»LwkmanBN_xus²Kña

GaEs½yeTAtamBUC dUcCa BN_exµA BN_etñat BN_elOg ehIykMrmanBN_sNas;minEtb:ueNñaH

RKab;»LwkKµanGg;dUEsþmeT.

edIm páa

RKab; Epø

CMBUkTI3 lkçN³CIvsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk

3-1 karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM»Lwk

k- vKÁduHBnøk

RKab;»LwkGac;rkSaTuk)anry³eBl 8qñaMy:agyUenAeRkamsItuNðPaB 18GgSar.»Lwk

mandMNuHeGBICIl ehIyvarIkkUTIeldUnenAry³eBl 3éf¶eRkaysab nigelcecjsøwkdMbUgenA

ry³eBl 1 s)aþh_eRkay bnÞab;mkk_ecjsøwkTI 2 nigTI3 EtvaBMusUvEqkeRCAb:unµaneT.

x- vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk

søwk»LwkduHecjbnþbnÞab;tamRbB½n§qøas; ehIyedImemBnøÚtedImkan;EtxøaMg cenøaHfñaMg

kan;EtEvg rIÉedImemenHduHlUtlas;)an 3 4 fñaMgeTIbEbkEmk.

K- vKábnþBUC

vKÁbnþBUCKWCadMNak;kalmYyEdl dMNaMTamTarnUvlkçxNÐmYyd_RbesIrdYcCa sMeNImdI

sMeNImbriyakas nigsItuNðPaB.páaeQµalecjdMbUgenAfñaMTI 10 15 ehIypáajIecjenAfñaMgTI

7enAeBleRkay.páajIdMbUgEtgEtmankar GPivDÆn_GUEvexSay ehIybegáIt)anCaEpø.páaGacecj

rhUtdl; 50 80 éf¶bnÞab;BIdMNuH.páa»LwkrIkbnÞab;BIRBHGaTitürH nigbnþrIkrhUteBjmYyéf¶.

kenSameksjI nigeksseQµalEdlmanenA elIfñaMg TI 2 nigTI3 eRkayeBlpáarIkenAéf¶dEdl.

kareraylMGgbNþalmkBIstVl¥itPaKeRcInKW stVXµúM. enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 24 em:ag bnÞab;BIkar

eraylMGg TgpáaeLIgEvg nigekagBIelIcuHCamYy nigGUEveLIge)a:g.karRbmUlplEpøKWcab;BI

30 50 éf¶bnÞab;BIkareraylMGg.

3-2 tMrUkarGakasFatu

k- BnøW

BnøW mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;sMrab;FmµCati »LwkRtUvkarBnøWéf¶efr. BnøWéf¶nigGakasFatuCa

lkçN³l¥sMrab;karduHlUtlas; nigkarbegáInEpø.

x- sItuNðPaB

»LwkCadMNaMEdlRtUvkarsItuNðPaBekþAlµmKW enAeBléf¶ 20 30 GgSares nigsItuNð

PaBFMenAeBlyb;KW 18 GgSares.

K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas

cMeBaHdMNaM»Lwk ebIkMBs;TwkePøogx

CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk

4-1 karerobcMdI

karerobcMdI)anRtwmRtUveFIV[eyIgTTYl)anpleRcIn.

- kareRCIserIskEnøgdaM CaTUeTAdMNaM»LwkGacdaM)anRKb;rdUv nigRKb;tMbn;. eyIgGacdaMenAcMkar rWvalERs

eRkayBIRbmUlplRsUvehIy. ehIycMeBaHrdUvR)aMgRtUveRCIserIsTIkEnøgdaMenACitRbPBTwk

TIvalKµanmøb;. cMEnkvdUvvsSa RtUvdaMenAtMbn;enAdIxk ehIyenACitKl; sMbkBN_ébtg rlIgKµanRTnugsac;hab; BN_

Rkhm.edayeyIgRKan;EtlagykRKab;haléf¶ mankMedalµmry³eBl 3éf¶ rYcRckdbcukRKb;

[Cit.BUC»LwkEdleKniymdaMKWeQµaH )ab‘Í EdlmansMbkBN_ébtgcas; Gayu 55éf¶.rIÉ BUC

»LwkGIutalIvij manGayu 65éf¶.ehIy»LwkTaMgBIRbePTenHmanlk;enAelITIpSar.

- karerobcMdI eKalbMNgénkarP¢ÜrdIKWedIm,IsMGatesµA eFVI[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUl TwkRCabkñúgdI)an

l¥ CYydl;karlUtlas;rbs;rws nigedIm»Lwk.karP¢ÜrdIeFVIeLIgcMnYn2eTA3dg tamsßanPaBdI.

karP¢ÜrelIkTI1 P¢Ürdas;dI nigsMGatesµA[s¥atrYchalecal1s)þah_.

kñúgkarP¢ÜrelIkTI1enH KYrP¢ÜelibrukçCatiRss; dUcCaedImsøwksENþk EmknigsøwkGgáaj;

edIm nigsøwkTRnÞagExRt søwkGgÁardI>>>>>>>kb;cUlkñúgdI edIm,I[rlYykøayCaCI.

karP¢ÜrelIkTI2 bnÞab;BIrP¢ÜrelIkTI1 1-2s)þah_eyIg)acCIkMb:usþ rWlamkstV rYcP¢ÜrelIkTI2edIm,I

lubCI.eRkayBIP©ÜrTaMgBIelIkrYcehIy ras;bMEbk nigekordI[esµI.

P¢Ürras;eFVIy:agNa[dImanlkçN³FM²bnþic edIm,IkMu[dIqab;hab; enAeblmanePøog rWeRsacTwk.

- karCIkreNþA

CIkreNþA[FMlµmEdlGacdak;CIenAkñúgreNþA)an.

CIkreNþATMhM30KuN40 s>m nigCMerA 15-20 s>m.TukcenøaHBIreNþAmYyeTAreNþAmYy 1>5m

eTA2m GaRs½yeTAtamBUC»Lwk.

dak;CIkMb:usenAkñúgreNþAnImYy² mun nigykkUnrWRKab;»LwkeTAdaM.eRkABIykeTAeFVICIRTab;)at

eyIgGaceRbICIkMb:ussMrab;bMb:nenAeBlkUn»LwkduH.

4-2 kardaMdMNaM»Lwk

kardaM»LwkEtUvkareRtomlkçNTukCamunedIm,I[)anpll¥.

sMPar³sMrab;bNþúH nigdaM mandUcCa

- søwkeck nigknøas; - RkNat; nigcanEdk - cbkab; Eb:l cbcUk - CIkMb:usþ nigdI - FugTwkpáaQUk - RKab;BUC - bgÁI - kMTiccMebIug nigExSEm:Rt. - rebobbNþúH

1RtUveRCIserIsRKab;BUCNaEdlrkSaTuk)anyUrl¥ KµanCMgW nigKµankarbMpajBIstVl¥it.

ykRKab;eTAhaléf¶cMnYn 2em:ag bnÞab;mkykeTARtaMTwkekþA]Nð²cMnYn4em:ag.

2 rYcRsg;RKab;ykmkx©b;nigRkNat; ehIyykeTAkb;kñúdIesIm [)an1éf¶1yb; edIm,I

[RKab;duHbnøk.

3 eFIVkenÞagsøwkeckedIm,IbNþúHkUn.

4 laydICamYyCIkMb:usþBukpuy[esµIPaKKña rYcykmkdak;kñúgkenÞag ehIydak;kMu[eBjdl;

mat;kenÞageBk edIm,IeRtomdak;RKab;BUC.

5 ykRKab;Edl)anbNþúHrYceTAkb;daMkñúgkenÞagsøwkeck edaydak;1-2RKab;kñúg1kenÞag.

6 eRkayBIkb;RKab;daMkñúgkenÞagehIy RtUvykdIrWkMTiccMebIugmkRKbBIelI[eBj.eRsacTwk

[eTogTat;ral;RBwk nigl¶acry³ebl3éf¶.éf¶bnÞab;²eRsacEtmþg)anehIy.

eKGacykRKab;BUCEdlduHBnøkeTAdaMkñúgreNþAEtmþg edaykñúgmYyreNþAkb;RKab;daMcMnYn2-

3RKab; nigkb;kñúgCMerA 2-4 sm.

- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar eyIgGacykkUn»LwkeTAdaMkñúgcMkareRkayeBlvaduH)an 3-4 snøwk.

1 eRCIserIskUn»LwkNaEdleføasl¥ nigKµankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it.

2 CB¢ÚankUneTAdaMkñúgcMkar. bkkenÞag rYckb;kUn»LwkdaM edaydak; 1-2edIm kñúg1reNþA.

3 eRkayBIdaMRKab; rWkUnehIy RtUveRsacTwk[eCakrYcykkMTiccMebIugmkRKbKl;va edIm,ITuk

[dIenAesIm)anyUr.

kardak;RKab; rWkUneRcIneBkkñúg1reNþA eFIV[kUn»LwkduHRbECgKña bNþal[edImtUc minFn;

eTAnigkMlaMgxül;bk;.

kñúgcMkarRtUvdaMdMNaMepsgeTot dUcCa eBat sENþk>>>>>edIm,ITak;TajstVl¥itEdlCYynaM

lMGgeFVI[»LwkecjpáaEpø. mü:ageTot dMNaMTamenHCYy[»Lwkvaretag Tb;Tl; nigkMlaMg

xül;bk;.

4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl

edIm,daM»Lwk[)anpll¥RtUvmankarEfTaMdYcCa kareRsacTwk dak;CI CMrHesµA BUnKl; nig

mankarkat;ExñgRtYy nigEpøecjxøH.

- kareRsacTwk

TwkmansarsMxan;sMrab;karlUtlas; nigkarecjEpørbs;»Lwk.enArdUvR)aMgeRsac Twk[

esIm lµmral;RBwk nigl¶ac.enArdUvvsSa RtUvCIkcg¥ÚrbgðÚrTwkecjxøH edIm,IkMu[dk ;TwkenA kñúg

cMkarEdlnaM[ekItCMgWpSit bNþal[rlYyKl;.

kMueRsacTwkeRcIn enAebl»LwkkMBuglUtlas;xøaMg nigecjEpøpáa eRBaHGaceFIV[Epø»LwkRbH

Ebk ehIyedImGacRbHecjC½r.

- kareFIVesAµ nigRCMKl; kareFVIesµA nigRCMKl;[)an 2-3dg cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;RbmUlpl.elIkTI1 mYys)þah_

eRkayBIdaM. elIkTI2 mYys)þah_eRkayBIkareFIVesµAelIkTI1 nigelIkTI3 eRkayBIecjkþwbEpø.

kMuRCYy rWBUnKl;enAeBl»LwkEbkExñgeRcIn eRBaHvaGacb:HBal;dl;RtYyEdlkMBuglUtlas;.

- kardkrMelaHkUn nigRKbKl; karTukkUn»Lwk[duHeRcInkñúg1reNþAeFIV[karlUtlas;minsUvl¥nigEpøtUc.

enAeBlRKab;duH RtUvdkrMelaHkUnecjxøH edayTukEtkUnEdleføas²l¥ 1-2edImkñú1reNþA.

RtUvRkalcMebIg kMe)oaks¶Üt rWGgáam RKbtamcenøaHrg nigKl;dMNaM.

- karkat;Tg nigEpø karEfTaMedaykat;RtYy Tg nigEpøecjxøHeFIV[»LwkduHlUtlas;l¥ nigmanEpøFM.

edImEdllUtEvg RtUvkat;RtYyecalxøH CaBiess eBl»LwkmanGayu35éf¶ edaykñúg1edImTuk

Et2Exñg.EnAeBl»LwkecjEpø RtUvrkSaTukEpøEt1 kñúg1edIm KWTukEpøEdlenAEpñkkNþaledIm.

ebHEpøenAEk,rKl; nigenAxagcugecal.

karkat;RtYy Tg nigEpø KWkMu[edIm nigTglUtlas;l¥eBk edIm,I[CIeTAciB¢wamEpø nigExñgepSg

eTotEdleyIgcg;)an.

- kardak;CIbMb:n - CIeKak sarFatupSM CIkMb:usþ rWlamkbkSI dak;enAeBlRCMKl; nigdak;enAq¶ayBIKl;dMNaM 30-

40 sm CaBiessdak;muneBl»Lwkecjpáa.

viFIeRbI



elIkTI3 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 30-40éf¶ eBl»Lwkecjpáa kþwb.

- CITwk RtIgab; Gac;Rbecov søwkTRnÞanExRt RtaMCamYyTwk TukknøHEx eTIbykeTAeRbI. eRkABICIkMb:usþ eKGaceRbICIlamkbkSI edIm,I[Epø»LwkmanrsCatiEp¥m nigsac;BN_Rkhm.

eCosvagkaeeRbICIlamkstVRss; eRBaHenAeBlEdlCIcab;epþImbMEbksarFatuvabeB©ajkMedA

eFVI[b:HBal;dl;rws»Lwk.kardak;CIenAEk,rKl;GacbNþal[kUn»LwkrlYy.

- stVl¥it CMgW nig viFankarkMcat; k>stVl¥it

- RTIb thripes - éc Aphids - ruyecaH Fruit fly - xµÚtbMpøajRtsk; Cucumber beetles - stVkEB©asIuel CMgWbNþalmkBIpSit

- CMgWs¶Ütsøwk edIm nigrws

- CMgWdMe)A

karkMcat;KWRtUveRbIfñaMsMlab;CMgWpSitpSMBIsrIragÁ eRbIBUCFn;nigCMgW nigkMudaMdMNaMdEdl².

4-4 karRbmUlpl nig TukRKab;BUC

- lkçN³sMKal;Epø»LwkTMu

Epø»LwkEdlTMumanlkçN³sMKal;mYycMnYndUcCa

éd rWTgEdlCab;nigEpømanBN_elOg sVitrWgab;.eKaHEpøsþab;semøg nigRtecok lWsUrpøúg².

sMbkeLIgrelagmanBN_ébtgcas; layelOg.

- rebobebHEpø»LwkTMu edIm,ITukEpø»Lwk[)anyUr eyIgRtUvecHrebobebH nig Tukdak;[)anRtwmRtUv.»LwkTuk)anl¥

GacrkS)an2s)þah_.

- rebobTukRKab;BUC BUCEdlmankarsMrwtsMraMg)anl¥ eFIV[edIm»LwkduH)anl¥ nig[EpøeRcIn.RtUveRCIserIsEpø

EdlmansMbkesþIg EpøFMl¥ minmankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it nigCMgW.

1 rkSaEpøTMu[pusl¥Cab;nigedImenAkñúgcMkar

2 ebHEpEdlTMupusenaH rYcBuHykRKab;lagTwksMGat[s¥atl¥.

3 erIsykRKab;NaEdllicTwkmkhaléf¶ [)an 4-5éf¶ haléf¶RsTMu cenøaHem:ag 7eTA

11RBwk.

4 eRkayBIhaléf¶s¶Üt RckRKab;kñúgdbbiTCit edIm,ITukdaMenArdUveRkay.kñúgry³eBlrkSa

RKab;Tuk RtUv]sSah_Binitü nigcak;RKab;haléf¶edIm,IkMu[mancMgWpSit.

Éksareyag

- Em:n vNÑarI sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 1999-2003 CMnan;TI16

karsikSavaytMélBUC»LwkEdlmanlkçN³smRsb niglkçxNÐRbeTskm

dmnamaeqihubepø bergoneday elakrku xyn egog...

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