do an co cau phoi khi

8/14/2019 Do an Co Cau Phoi Khi

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n thit k ng c t trong

LI NI U

Sau khi c hc 2 mn chnh ca ngnh ng c t trong (Nguyn l ng c

t trong, Kt cu v tnh ton ng c t trong ) cng mt s mn c s khc (scbn vt liu, c l thuyt, vt liu hc,... ), sinh vin c giao lm n mn hc ktcu v tnh ton ng c t trong. y l mt phn quan trng trong ni dung hctp ca sinh vin, nhm to iu kin cho sinh vin tng hp, vn dng cc kin thc hc gii quyt mt vn c th ca ngnh.

Trong n ny, em c giao nhim v tnh ton v thit k nhm piston thanhtruyn ca ng c IFE . y l mt nhm chi tit chnh, khng th thiu trong ngc t trong. N dng tip nhn lc kh th do kh chy sinh ra, bin chuyn ngtnh tin ca piston thnh chuyn ng quay ca trc khuu.

Trong qu trnh thc hin n, em c gng tm ti, nghin cu cc ti liu,lm vic mt cch nghim tc vi mong mun hon thnh n tt nht. Tuy nhin,v bn thn cn t kinh nghim cho nn vic hon thnh n ln ny khng thkhng c thiu st.

Cui cng, em xin by t lng bit n su sc n cc thy, c tn tnh truynt li nhng kin thc qu bu cho em. c bit, em xin gi li cm n n thyDng Vit Dng quan tm cung cp cc ti liu, nhit tnh hng dn trong qutrnh lm n. Em v cng mong mun nhn c s xem xt v ch dn ca thy.

Sinh vinHong Thng

Sv thc hin : Hong ThngLp : 06C4B

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I). PHNG PHP XY DNG CC TH TRONG BN V TH NGHC V NG LC HC.1. V TH CNG:1.1. Cc thng s cho trc:+ Cng sut ng c : Ne= 85 (kW).+ S vng quay: n= 5490 (vng/ph).+ T s nn: = 9.4+ ng knh xilanh: D= 90(mm)+ Hnh trnh piston: S= 84 (mm)+ Tham s kt cu: =0.26+ p sut cc i: Pz= 5.8 (MN/m2)+ Khi lng nhm piston: mnp= 0.8 (Kg)+ Khi lng nhm thanh truyn: 1( ).ttm kg=

+ Gc phun sm: 13 .os =

+ Gc phn phi kh: 1 2 3 46 ; 46 ; 42 ; 4 . = = = =o o o o

+ Th t lm vic ca ng c: 1- 3- 4-2.1.2. Cc thng s chn:+ p sut mi trng: )./(098,0 20 mMNP =+ Ch s nn a bin trung bnh : 35,11 =n+ Ch s gin n a bin trung bnh : 2 1,25n = .+ p sut cui qu trnh np : - ng c khng tng p: pa = (0,8; 0,9)pk )./( 2mMN

Chn: pa = 0,806pk . )./( 2mMN

Trong : pk- p sut trc xupp npChn pk = p0 = 0,098[MN/m2]Vy: 0,806*0,098 0,079ap = = . [MN/m2]

+ i vi ng c Xng t s gin n sm bng: 1=

+ Ap sut cui qu trnh gin n :2

2

1,252

1,25

. 5,8.10,3524( / ).

9, 4

n

zb n

P P MN m

= = =

+ Chn p sut kh st : ph thuc vo loi ng c

Nh vy ng c ang kho st l ng c tc cao, do p sut kh st p r cxc nh [1]:

.V ng c khng tng p

Vy chn: Pr = 0,105(MN/m2)+ Th tch cng tc :


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2 23. 3,14.90. *84 534384.9104 0,5344( ).

4 40,5344

0,0636( ).1 9.4 1

0,5344 0,0636 0,598( ).0,0636( )

h

hc

a h c

c

DV S mm l

VV l

V V V l Vz V l

= = = =

= = =

= + = + == =

1.3. V th cng: v th cng ta cn xc nh cc im trn ng nn v ng gin n.

1.3.1. Xy dng ng cong p sut trn ng nn:Ta xc nh cc im trn ng nn vi ch s nn a bin n1.Ta c phng trnh ng cong nn a bin :

1 .nPV Const =

Nu gi x l im bt k trn ng nn th: ... 11 nnxnxn

cc VpVP =

Suy ra :;1.

1n

c

nx

cnx

V

VPP

=

t : .iV

V

c

nx=

.1n

cnx

i

PP =

1.3.2. Xy dng ng cong p sut trn gin n: - Ta c phng trnh ca ng cong gin n a bin :

.2 ConstPVn

=

Gi x l im bt k trn ng gin n th:... 22

n

gnxgnx

n

zz VPVP =

- Suy ra :;

1.

2n

z

gnx

zgnx

V

VPP

=

Vi cz VV .= ; t : .iV

V

c

gnx=

Th ta c: ..

2

2

n

n

zgnx

i

PP

=

1.3.3. Lp bng xc nh cc im trn ng nn v ng gin n:Cho i tng t 1 9.4 = t ta lp bng xc nh cc im trn ng nn v

ng gin n.

1.3.4.Xc nh cc im c bit:

Lp bng:


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i *x cV V i= 1c

nx n

PP

i=

2

zgnx n

PP

i=

1 0.0636 1.6468 5.80001.4 0.0891 1.0456 3.8086

1.8 0.1145 0.7448 2.78192.2 0.1400 0.5680 2.16472.6 0.1654 0.4533 1.75683 0.1909 0.3737 1.4690

3.4 0.2163 0.3156 1.25633.8 0.2417 0.2716 1.09324.2 0.2672 0.2373 0.96464.6 0.2926 0.2099 0.86105 0.3181 0.1875 0.7757

5.4 0.3435 0.1690 0.70465.8 0.3690 0.1535 0.64446.2 0.3944 0.1403 0.5928

6.6 0.4199 0.1289 0.54837 0.4453 0.1191 0.5094

7.4 0.4708 0.1105 0.47527.8 0.4962 0.1029 0.44498.2 0.5217 0.0962 0.41808.6 0.5471 0.0902 0.39389 0.5726 0.0848 0.3721

9.4 0.5980 0.0800 0.3524

- Sau khi xc nh c cc im c bit v cc im trung gian ta tin hnh v th cng theo trnh t sau :- V h trc to P - V theo t l xch :

V = 0.00299 (l/mm) P = 0,029 (MN/m2/mm)

- Theo cch chn t l xch nh trn to ca cc im c bit v trung gian l :+im t bit l:

r(21,3;3,6207) b(200; 5,800)a(200; 2.75) c(21,3; 56,7859)z(21,3; 200)

- Ni tt c cc im trung gian ca ng nn v ng gin n vi cc im cbit ta c th cng l thuyt.

2.TNH TON NG HC V NG LC HC C CU KHUU TRC THANHTRUYN:

ng c t trong kiu piston thng c tc ln nn vic nghin cu tnh ton

ng hc v ng lc hc ca c cu khuu trc thanh truyn l cn thit, mc chl tm quy lut vn ng ca chng v xc nh lc qun tnh tc dng ln cc


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chi tit tc dng ln c cu trc khuu thanh truyn dng tnh ton cn bng ccchi tit v tnh ton mn ng c.2.1.ng hc ca c cu khuu trc thanh truyn: C cu khuu trc thanh truyn thuc loi giao tm, l c cu m ng tm xylanh

trc giao vi ng tm khuu trc ti 1 im. (hnhv).Vi : R : bn knh quay ca trc khuu.

l : chiu di thanh truyn.S : hnh trnh piston.

lR /= : tham s kt cu. : vn tc gc ca trc khuu (rad/s).

x : dch chuyn ca piston tnh t CTng vi gc quay ca khuu trc.

: gc lc ca thanh truyn ng vi gc O : giao im ca ng tm xylanh vng tm khuu trc.

B : giao im ca ng tm thanh truyn vng tm cht khuu.

A : giao im ca ng tm thanh truyn v ng tm cht piston.2.1.1.Xc nh dch chuyn (x) ca piston bng phng php th Brch:

Chuyn v x ca piston tu thuc vo v tr ca khuu trc, x thay i theo gc quay ca khuu trc.

- Theo phng php gii tch chuyn dch x ca piston c tnh theo cng thc:. ( ) ( )

+

2cos1.

4cos1.Rx .

-Gii x bng phng php th Brch cho php ta xc lp c mi quan h thunnghch gia chuyn v x ca piston vi gc quay ca trc khuu mt cch thun liv kh chnh xc.+ Cc bc tin hnh v th nh sau:- V na vng trn tm 0 bn knh R/ S ,

ng knh SSRS

AB

.2

==

- Chn t l xch S sao chovS

VhS

=

* 82*0.00299

0,470,5344

vR S

S

Vh

= = = = [mm/mm].

82

0,47AB = = 178.7234 (mm).

- Ly v pha bn phi tm 0 (pha CD) trn AB mt on 00 sao cho:

'. . 84*0,26

11,617( ).

2. 4. 4*0,47

R SOO mm

s s

= = = =


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O


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R.

/2

O'

CDD

x

S=2R

CT

O

C

A

B

R

180

M

0

X=f()

x

S=2R

(S=Xmax)

90


- T 'O k cc tia t tri sang phi ng vi cc gc t 180,......,20,10,0 , cc tiany ct na vng trn Brch tng ng ti cc im t 18,......,2,1,0 .

- V h trc to vung gc S pha di na vng trn(O; R/ S ), trc O thng ng dng t A xung biu din gi tr t 1800 vi t l xch: mm/2= ,

trcOS nm ngang biu din gi tr S vi t l xch: s=0.47mm/mm).- T cc im chia 18,......,2,1,0 trn na vng trn Brch ta dng cc ng thngsong song vi trc O . V t cc im chia trn trc O ng vi cc gi tr

180,......,20,10,0 ta k cc ng nm ngang song song viOS . Cc ng nytng ng vi cc gc ct nhau ti cc im 1,2,3,...,18.Ni cc im ny li tac ng cong biu din dch chuyn ca piston (x) theo : ( ).fS=

2.1.2. Gii vn tc v ca piston bng phng php th:- Theo phng php gii tch ta tnh gn ng vn tc ca piston l:

+= 2sin.

2sin...Rv .

+ Cc bc tin hnh xy dng th:

- V na vng trn tm O bn knh 1 . ( )Rr mm

= v 1ng trn ng tm O c bn

knh : ( )2. .

2

Rr mm

= .

Vi : ( ). 3,1415*5390

574,9114 /30 30

nrad s

= = = .

84

42( )2 2

SR mm= = = .

26,0= .

- Ta chn t l xch sao cho gi tr v bn knh na vng trn S2.AB

r1 = .


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-T suy ra: . 574,9114*0, 47 270, 2084S = = = (mm/s.mm).

bn knh: + 1. 42*574,9114

89,3617( ).270,2084

Rr mm

= = =

+ ( )2. . 42*574,9114*0, 26

11,6170

2. 2*270,2084

Rr mm

= = = .

- Chia u na vng trn bn knh 1r , v vng trn bn knh 2r ra 18 phn bngnhau. Nh vy ng vi gc na vng trn bn knh 1r th vng trn bn knh

2r s l 2 , 18 im trn na vng trn bn knh r1 mi im cch nhau 10 v trnvng trn bn knh r2 mi im cch nhau l 20 . nh s th t im chia trn navng trn 1r ta nh s t 0,1,2,...,18 theo chiu ngc kim ng h, cn trn vngtrn bn knh 2r ta nh s 0,1,2,...18 theo chiu kim ng h, c hai u xut

pht t tia OA.- T cc im chia trn 1/2 vng trn bn knh 1r ta dng cc ng thng vung

gc vi ng knh AB, v t cc im chia trn vng trn bn knh r2 ta k ccng thng ngang song song vi AB, cc ng k ny s ct nhau tng ng theotng cp 0-0;1-1;...;18-18 ti cc im ln lt l 0, a, b, c, ... Ni cc im ny li

bng 1 ng cong ta c ng biu din tr s tc , cc on thng ng nmgia ng cong vi na ng trn r1 biu din tr s tc cc gc tngng , phn gii hn ca ng cong ny v 1/2 vng trn ln gi l gii hn vn tcca pis ton.

- V h to vung gc v - s trng vi h to trc thng ng 0v trng vi trc0 T cc im chia trn th Brch, ta k cc ng thng song song vi trc 0v v

ct trc 0s ti cc im 0,1,2,3,..,18, t cc im ny ta t cc on thng 00, 11,22, 33, ... ,1818 song song vi trc 0v c khong cch bng khong cch ccon tng ng nm gia ng cong vi na ng trn bn knh r1 m n biu dintc cc gc tng ng. Ni cc im 0,1,2,...,18 li vi nhau ta cng cong biu din vn tc piston v=f(s).2.1.3. Gii gia tc J bng th Tl:

- Theo phng php gii tch ly o hm ca vn tc theo thi gian ta c cng thc tnh gia tc ca piston : ( ) 2cos.cos.. 2 +=Rj .+ Gii gia tc ca piston bng phng php th thng dng phng php Tl.

Cc bc tin hnh nh sau :- V h trc J - s. Ly on thng AB trn trc 0s, AB = S/ S = 178,7234 (mm).- Ti A dng on thng AC v pha trn AB, vi:

( ) ( )2 2 2max * * 1 42 *574, 9114 * (1 0, 26) 17491286, 8 / AC J R mm s = = + = + =

=17491,2868(m/s2)- T B dng on thng BD v pha di AB, vi:

( ) ( )2 2 2min * * 1 42*574,9114 *(1 0,26) 10272660,5 /BD J R mm s = = = =

=-10272,6605(m/s2)


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- Ni CD ct AB ti E, dng EF v pha di AB mt on :( )2 2 23 * * 3*0,26*42*574,9114 10827939,44 /EF R mm s = = =

=-10827,93944(m/s2)-Chn t l xch : 2218641,0848( / . )J mm s mm = .

max 17491286,8 80( )218641,0848J

JAC mm

= = = .

min10272660,5

46,9841( )218641,0848

J

JBD mm

= = = .

10827939,44

49,5238( )218641,0848J

EFEF mm

= = = .

- Ni on CF v DF, ta phn chia cc on CF v DF thnh 8 on nh bng nhauv ghi s th t cng chiu, chng hn nh trn on CF: C,1,2,3,...,7,F ; trn onFD: F,1,2,3,...,7,D. Ni cc im chia ,...33,22,11 ''' ng bao ca cc on ny

l ng cong biu din gia tc ca piston ).(SfJ =

Hnh 1.4. th Tl.2.2. ng lc hc c cu khuu trc thanh truyn:

Tnh ton ng lc hc c cu khuu trc thanh truyn nhm mc ch xc nh cc

lc do hp lc ca lc qun tnh v lc kh th tc dng ln cc chi tit trong c cu mi v tr ca khuu trc phc v cho vic tnh ton sc bn, nghin cu trngthi mi mn ca cc chi tit my v tnh ton cn bng ng c.

Trong qu trnh lm vic ca ng c, c cu khuu trc thanh truyn chu tc dngca cc lc sau: Lc qun tnh do cc chi tit c khi lng chuyn ng ; Lc kh th; trng lc ; Lc ma st. Tr trng lc ra, chiu v tr s ca cc lc khc u thay itheo v tr ca piston trong cc chu k cng tc ca ng c. Trong cc lc ni trnlc qun tnh v lc kh th c tr s ln hn c, nn trong qu trnh tnh ton ta chxt n hai loi lc ny.

2.2.1. Xc nh khi lng:2.2.1.1. Khi lng tham gia chuyn ng thng:


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Cc chi tit my trong c cu khuu trc thanh truyn tham gia vo chuyn ngtnh tin bao gm cc chi tit trong nhm piston v khi lng ca thanh truyn quydn v u nh thanh truyn.

Ta c: .' 1mmm np +=

Trong :npm

: khi lng nhm piston.0, 8( )

pt

m kg=

. 1m : khi lng thanh truyn tham gia chuyn ng tnh tinquy dn v u nh thanh truyn.

m1 = (0,275 0,35). ttm .Ta chn : 1 0,3* 0,3*1 0,3( )ttm m kg = = = .

Vy khi lng cc chi tit tham gia chuyn ng tnh tin l :1

' 0,8 0,3 1,1( )npm m m kg = + = + = .2.2.1.2. Khi lng cc chi tit tham gia chuyn ng quay:

Khi lng tham gia chuyn ng quay trong c cu khuu trc thanh truyn gm

phn khi lng nhm thanh truyn quy dn v u to, khi lng khuu trc gm ckhi lng cht khuu v khi lng m khuu quy dn v tm cht khuu. kR mmm += 2'Trong : 2m : khi lng chuyn ng quay ca thanh truyn quy dn

v u to thanh truyn.2 0,7* 0,7*1 0,7( )ttm m kg = = =

km :khi lng ca khuu trc.Khuu trc c kt cu 2 m khuu nh nhau

mrckk mmm 2+=

Trong qu trnh tnh ton, thit k v xy dng cc th c tin li th ngita thng tnh ton khi lng chuyn ng tnh tin v khi lng chuyn ng quayca c cu khuu trc thanh truyn thng tnh trn n v din tch nh piston.- Din tch nh piston :

( )2 2

2 2`3,14*90 6361, 7251( ) 0.0063617514 4pt

DS mm m

= = = = .

-Khi lng cc chi tit tham gia chuyn ng tnh tin tnh trn n v din tchnh piston l:

( )2' 1,1

172,9091 /0.006361751

P

mm kg m

S= = =

2.2.2.Xc nh lc qun tnh cc chi tit tham gia chuyn ng tnh tin:- Lc qun tnh cc chi tit tham gia chuyn ng tnh tin:

)2cos(cos.. 2 +== RmJmPJ .

Suy ra( )

( )

2

max max

2

* * * 1 *

172,9091*17491,2868 3,0244 /

J P m R m J

MN m

= + =

= =

( )

( )

2

min min

2

* * * 1 *

172, 9091*10272, 6605 1, 7762 /

JP m R m J

MN m

= =

= =


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on EF ( )2' ' * 172, 9091*10827,93944 1.8722 / E F m EF MN m= = = .

-Ta v th - jP theo phng php th Tl nhng vi t l xch:20,029( / . )

jP PMN m mm = =

th jP ny v chung vi th cng p-v nhng trc ngang ly bng po.

max 3,0244 104, 2897( )

0,029J

Pj

PAC mm

= = = .

min

1,776261,2495( )

0,029J

Pj

PBD mm

= = = .

' ' 1,8722

64,5603( )0,029Pj

E FEF mm

= = = .

- Cch v tin hnh nh i vi th (j - s).2.2.3. Khai trin cc th:2.2.3.1. Khai trin th p - V thnh p - :

- V h trc to vung gc p - trc honh 0 ly bng gi tr po , trn trc 0ta chia 10o mt ng vi t l xch: )/(2 0 mm= .

Kt hp th Brick v th cng nh ta v trn ta c cch v nh sau :T cc gc 0, 100, 200, 300, ..., 1800 tng ng vi k np ca ng c

1900, 2000, 2100, ..., 3600 tng ng vi k nn ca ng c3700, 3800, 3900, ..., 5400 tng ng vi k chy - gin n5500, 5600, 5700, ..., 7200 tng ng vi k thi ca ng c

- T cc im chia trn thi Brick dng cc ng thng song song vi 0p v ct th cng ti cc im trn ng biu din cc qu trnh np, nn, chy-gin n vthi. Qua cc giao im ny ta k cc ng ngang song song vi trc honh sang htrc to p-.

- T cc im chia trn trc 0 k cc ng song song vi trc 0p, nhng ngny ct cc ng dng ngang ti cc im ng vi cc gc chia ca th Brick v

ph hp vi qu trnh lm vic ca ng c. Ni cc giao im ny li ta c ngcong khai trin th p - vi t l xch :

P =0.029(MN/m2.mm). =2(0/mm)

2.2.3.2 .Khai trin th Pj - V thnh Pj - :Cch khai trin th ny ging nh cch khai trin th p -V thnh p - nhng

gi tr ca Pj trn th p - V khi chuyn sang th p - phi i du.2.2.3.3. Cng th p - v Pj - c P1 - :

Cng cc gi tr ktp vi jP cc tr s gc tng ng ta v c ng biudin hp lc ca lc qun tnh v lc kh th 1P : jkt PpP +=1 (MN/m2).


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Pkh

N

P1Ptt

lPk

T

Ptt

P1 Ptt

N

Z

PttO

+


2.2.4.Xy dng th lc tip tuyn T, lc php tuyn Z, lc ngang N:

- Ta c :

+ Lc tip tuyn tc dng ln cht khuu:( )

cos

sin1

+= PT .

+Lc php tuyn tc dng ln cht khuu:( )

cos

cos1 += PZ .

+Lc ngang tc dng ln phng thng gc vi ng tm xylanh: ( )tgPN 1= .- Ta lp bng tnh .,,,1 NZTP theo gi tr gc .+ 1P ta xc nh c trn th tng ng vi cc gi tr ca .+ Xc nh cc gi tr NZT ,, :

Ta c cc gi tr( )

cos

sin +,

( )

cos

cos +, ( )tg ph thuc vo gi tr , cho trong

bng ph lc sch Kt Cu v Tnh Ton ng C tp I.Sau khi lp bng xc nh cc gi tr NZT ,, . Ta v th NZT ,, theo trn h

trc to vung gc chung ( NZT ,, - ). Vi t l xch : 20,0302( / . )T Z N P MN m mm = = = = .

2= (/mm).Bng tnh .,,,1 NZTP

0P1

(MN/m2) tg( )N

(MN/m2) (+ )Cos(+

)Sin(+

)cos(

) T Z0 -3.0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.000 1.000 0.0000 -3.0244

10 -3.0 0.0452 -0.1333 0.2197 0.9760 0.218 0.999 -0.6436 -2.8824

20 -2.7 0.0893 -0.2439 0.4381 0.9056 0.424 0.996 -1.1634 -2.4834


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30 -2.4 0.1311 -0.3138 0.6540 0.7937 0.608 0.992 -1.4683 -1.9156

40 -1.9 0.1695 -0.3266 0.8660 0.6478 0.762 0.986 -1.4887 -1.2660

50 -1.4 0.2032 -0.2873 1.0732 0.4773 0.879 0.980 -1.2675 -0.6885

60 -0.9 0.2311 -0.2005 1.2743 0.2922 0.956 0.974 -0.8516 -0.2602

70 -0.3 0.2520 -0.0828 1.4685 0.1021 0.995 0.970 -0.3371 -0.0346

80 0.2 0.2649 0.0468 1.6552 -0.0843 0.996 0.967 0.1821 -0.0154

90 0.6 0.2693 0.1671 1.8338 -0.2600 0.966 0.966 0.6208 -0.1671100 1.0 0.2649 0.2636 2.0043 -0.4200 0.908 0.967 0.9341 -0.4323

110 1.3 0.2520 0.3268 2.1667 -0.5612 0.828 0.970 1.1071 -0.7507

120 1.5 0.2311 0.3480 2.3215 -0.6822 0.731 0.974 1.1302 -1.0544

130 1.6 0.2032 0.3351 2.4694 -0.7825 0.623 0.980 1.0477 -1.3166

140 1.7 0.1695 0.2905 2.6114 -0.8627 0.506 0.986 0.8792 -1.4998

150 1.7 0.1311 0.2277 2.7484 -0.9237 0.383 0.992 0.6713 -1.6181

160 1.8 0.0893 0.1568 2.8816 -0.9664 0.257 0.996 0.4534 -1.7043

170 1.8 0.0452 0.0796 3.0122 -0.9916 0.129 0.999 0.2275 -1.7489

180 1.8 0.0000 0.0000 3.1416 -1.0000 0.000 1.000 0.0000 -1.7582

190 1.8 -0.0452 -0.0793 3.2710 -0.9916 -0.129 0.999 -0.2265 -1.7411

200 1.8 -0.0893 -0.1563 3.4016 -0.9664 -0.257 0.996 -0.4519 -1.6988210 1.7 -0.1311 -0.2283 3.5348 -0.9237 -0.383 0.992 -0.6728 -1.6219

220 1.7 -0.1695 -0.2912 3.6718 -0.8627 -0.506 0.986 -0.8810 -1.5029

230 1.7 -0.2032 -0.3367 3.8137 -0.7825 -0.623 0.980 -1.0527 -1.3228

240 1.5 -0.2311 -0.3519 3.9617 -0.6822 -0.731 0.974 -1.1428 -1.0661

250 1.3 -0.2520 -0.3337 4.1165 -0.5612 -0.828 0.970 -1.1304 -0.7665

260 1.0 -0.2649 -0.2774 4.2789 -0.4200 -0.908 0.967 -0.9833 -0.4551

270 0.7 -0.2693 -0.1865 4.4494 -0.2600 -0.966 0.966 -0.6927 -0.1865

280 0.3 -0.2649 -0.0741 4.6280 -0.0843 -0.996 0.967 -0.2882 -0.0244

290 -0.2 -0.2520 0.0479 4.8146 0.1021 -0.995 0.970 0.1950 -0.0200

300 -0.7 -0.2311 0.1536 5.0089 0.2922 -0.956 0.974 0.6525 -0.1993

310 -1.1 -0.2032 0.2252 5.2100 0.4773 -0.879 0.980 0.9937 -0.5398

320 -1.5 -0.1695 0.2487 5.4171 0.6478 -0.762 0.986 1.1334 -0.9639330 -1.7 -0.1311 0.2207 5.6292 0.7937 -0.608 0.992 1.0327 -1.3473

340 -1.7 -0.0893 0.1515 5.8451 0.9056 -0.424 0.996 0.7229 -1.5432

350 -1.4 -0.0452 0.0621 6.0635 0.9760 -0.218 0.999 0.2995 -1.3414

360 -0.1 0.0000 0.0000 6.2832 1.0000 0.000 1.000 0.0000 -0.0836

370 1.9 0.0452 0.0870 6.5029 0.9760 0.218 0.999 0.4200 1.8811

380 1.3 0.0893 0.1132 6.7213 0.9056 0.424 0.996 0.5402 1.1532

390 0.5 0.1311 0.0641 6.9372 0.7937 0.608 0.992 0.2998 0.3911

400 0.1 0.1695 0.0188 7.1492 0.6478 0.762 0.986 0.0855 0.0727

410 0.1 0.2032 0.0136 7.3564 0.4773 0.879 0.980 0.0602 0.0327

420 0.2 0.2311 0.0548 7.5575 0.2922 0.956 0.974 0.2329 0.0711

430 0.5 0.2520 0.1326 7.7517 0.1021 0.995 0.970 0.5398 0.0554

440 0.9 0.2649 0.2293 7.9384 -0.0843 0.996 0.967 0.8922 -0.0755450 1.2 0.2693 0.3204 8.1170 -0.2600 0.966 0.966 1.1899 -0.3204

460 1.5 0.2649 0.3918 8.2874 -0.4200 0.908 0.967 1.3887 -0.6427

470 1.7 0.2520 0.4303 8.4499 -0.5612 0.828 0.970 1.4578 -0.9885

480 1.9 0.2311 0.4339 8.6047 -0.6822 0.731 0.974 1.4090 -1.3145

490 2.0 0.2032 0.4052 8.7526 -0.7825 0.623 0.980 1.2666 -1.5917500 2.0 0.1695 0.3363 8.8946 -0.8627 0.506 0.986 1.0178 -1.7362510 2.0 0.1311 0.2655 9.0315 -0.9237 0.383 0.992 0.7826 -1.8865520 2.0 0.0893 0.1808 9.1648 -0.9664 0.257 0.996 0.5228 -1.9651530 2.0 0.0452 0.0910 9.2954 -0.9916 0.129 0.999 0.2601 -1.9997540 2.0 0.0000 0.0000 9.4248 -1.0000 0.000 1.000 0.0000 -1.9726

550 2.0 -0.0452 -0.0902 9.5541 -0.9916 -0.129 0.999 -0.2577 -1.9810560 1.9 -0.0893 -0.1656 9.6848 -0.9664 -0.257 0.996 -0.4787 -1.7992


Trang:12


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570 1.8 -0.1311 -0.2356 9.8180 -0.9237 -0.383 0.992 -0.6945 -1.6741580 1.8 -0.1695 -0.2999 9.9550 -0.8627 -0.506 0.986 -0.9075 -1.5481590 1.7 -0.2032 -0.3458 10.0969 -0.7825 -0.623 0.980 -1.0811 -1.3585600 1.6 -0.2311 -0.3600 10.2449 -0.6822 -0.731 0.974 -1.1690 -1.0906610 1.3 -0.2520 -0.3372 10.3997 -0.5612 -0.828 0.970 -1.1422 -0.7745620 1.0 -0.2649 -0.2761 10.5621 -0.4200 -0.908 0.967 -0.9785 -0.4529

630 0.7 -0.2693 -0.1781 10.7326 -0.2600 -0.966 0.966 -0.6616 -0.1781640 0.2 -0.2649 -0.0506 10.9112 -0.0843 -0.996 0.967 -0.1968 -0.0167650 -0.3 -0.2520 0.0767 11.0978 0.1021 -0.995 0.970 0.3124 -0.0321660 -0.9 -0.2311 0.1965 11.2921 0.2922 -0.956 0.974 0.8344 -0.2549670 -1.4 -0.2032 0.2843 11.4932 0.4773 -0.879 0.980 1.2544 -0.6814680 -1.9 -0.1695 0.3249 11.7003 0.6478 -0.762 0.986 1.4809 -1.2594690 -2.4 -0.1311 0.3114 11.9124 0.7937 -0.608 0.992 1.4574 -1.9014700 -2.7 -0.0893 0.2432 12.1283 0.9056 -0.424 0.996 1.1603 -2.4767710 -2.9 -0.0452 0.1330 12.3467 0.9760 -0.218 0.999 0.6420 -2.8751720 -3.0 0.0000 0.0000 12.5664 1.0000 0.000 1.000 0.0000 -3.0174

th T,N,Z

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

gc quay

p

su

t

N

T

Z2.2.5.Tnh mmen tng T :- Th t lm vic ca ng c 4 xi lanh thng hng l: 1 - 3 - 4 - 2.- Gc cng tc 0180

4

4.180.180===

ict

.3 - Bng th t lm vic ca ng c l:

00 1800 3600 5400 7200

Khuutrc1

Ht Nn Chy n Thi

Khuutrc2

Nn Chy n Thi Ht

Khuutrc3

Thi Ht Nn Chy n

Khuu Chy n Thi Ht Nn


Trang:13


14/42


trc4

+ Khi khuu trc ca xylanh th nht nm v tr 01 0= .th:Khuu trc ca xylanh th 2 nm v tr 2 = 1800

Khuu trc ca xylanh th 3 nm v tr 3 = 5400 .

Khuu trc ca xylanh th 4 nm v tr 4= 3600

.Tnh mmen tng T = T1 + T2 + T3 + T4.*Lp bng tnh tng T nh sau :

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 T

0 0.0000180 0.0000

540 0.0000 360 0.0000 0.0000

10 -0.6436190 -0.2265

550 -0.2577 370 0.4200 -0.7078

20 -1.1634200 -0.4519

560 -0.4787 380 0.5402 -1.5538

30 -1.4683 210 -0.6728 570 -0.6945 390 0.2998 -2.5358

40 -1.4887220 -0.8810

580 -0.9075 400 0.0855 -3.1917

50 -1.2675230 -1.0527

590 -1.0811 410 0.0602 -3.3411

60 -0.8516240 -1.1428

600 -1.1690 420 0.2329 -2.9305

70 -0.3371250 -1.1304

610 -1.1422 430 0.5398 -2.0699

80 0.1821260 -0.9833

620 -0.9785 440 0.8922 -0.8875

90 0.6208

27

0 -0.6927

63

0 -0.6616 450 1.1899 0.4563

100 0.9341280 -0.2882

640 -0.1968 460 1.3887 1.8378

110 1.1071290 0.1950

650 0.3124 470 1.4578 3.0722

120 1.1302300 0.6525

660 0.8344 480 1.4090 4.0261

130 1.0477310 0.9937

670 1.2544 490 1.2666 4.5625

140 0.8792320 1.1334

680 1.4809 500 1.0178 4.5113

150 0.6713

33

0 1.0327

69

0 1.4574 510 0.7826 3.9439160 0.4534

340 0.7229

700 1.1603 520 0.5228 2.8594

170 0.2275350 0.2995

710 0.6420 530 0.2601 1.4292

180 0.0000360 0.0000

720 0.0000 540 0.0000 0.0000

190 -0.2265370 0.4200 10 -0.6436 550 -0.2577 -0.7078

200 -0.4519380 0.5402 20 -1.1634 560 -0.4787 -1.5538

210 -0.6728390 0.2998 30 -1.4683 570 -0.6945 -2.5358

220 -0.8810 400 0.0855 40 -1.4887 580 -0.9075 -3.1917


Trang:14


15/42


230 -1.0527410 0.0602 50 -1.2675 590 -1.0811 -3.3411

240 -1.1428420 0.2329 60 -0.8516 600 -1.1690 -2.9305

250 -1.1304430 0.5398 70 -0.3371 610 -1.1422 -2.0699

260 -0.9833 440 0.8922 80 0.1821 620 -0.9785 -0.8875

270 -0.6927450 1.1899 90 0.6208 630 -0.6616 0.4563

280 -0.2882460 1.3887

100 0.9341 640 -0.1968 1.8378

290 0.1950470 1.4578

110 1.1071 650 0.3124 3.0722

300 0.6525480 1.4090

120 1.1302 660 0.8344 4.0261

310 0.9937490 1.2666

130 1.0477 670 1.2544 4.5625

320 1.1334

50

0 1.0178

14

0 0.8792 680 1.4809 4.5113

330 1.0327510 0.7826

150 0.6713 690 1.4574 3.9439

340 0.7229520 0.5228

160 0.4534 700 1.1603 2.8594

350 0.2995530 0.2601

170 0.2275 710 0.6420 1.4292

360 0.0000540 0.0000

180 0.0000 720 0.0000 0.0000

370 0.4200550 -0.2577

190 -0.2265 10 -0.6436 -0.7078

380 0.5402

56

0 -0.4787

20

0 -0.4519 20 -1.1634 -1.5538390 0.2998

570 -0.6945

210 -0.6728 30 -1.4683 -2.5358

400 0.0855580 -0.9075

220 -0.8810 40 -1.4887 -3.1917

410 0.0602590 -1.0811

230 -1.0527 50 -1.2675 -3.3411

420 0.2329600 -1.1690

240 -1.1428 60 -0.8516 -2.9305

430 0.5398610 -1.1422

250 -1.1304 70 -0.3371 -2.0699

440 0.8922620 -0.9785

260 -0.9833 80 0.1821 -0.8875

450 1.1899630 -0.6616

270 -0.6927 90 0.6208 0.4563

460 1.3887640 -0.1968

280 -0.2882 100 0.9341 1.8378

470 1.4578650 0.3124

290 0.1950 110 1.1071 3.0722

480 1.4090660 0.8344

300 0.6525 120 1.1302 4.0261

490 1.2666670 1.2544

310 0.9937 130 1.0477 4.5625

500 1.0178680 1.4809

320 1.1334 140 0.8792 4.5113

510 0.7826690 1.4574

330 1.0327 150 0.6713 3.9439


Trang:15


16/42


520 0.5228700 1.1603

340 0.7229 160 0.4534 2.8594

530 0.2601710 0.6420

350 0.2995 170 0.2275 1.4292

540 0.0000720 0.0000

360 0.0000 180 0.0000 0.0000

550 -0.2577 10 -0.6436 370 0.4200 190 -0.2265 -0.7078

560 -0.4787 20 -1.1634380 0.5402 200 -0.4519 -1.5538

570 -0.6945 30 -1.4683390 0.2998 210 -0.6728 -2.5358

580 -0.9075 40 -1.4887400 0.0855 220 -0.8810 -3.1917

590 -1.0811 50 -1.2675410 0.0602 230 -1.0527 -3.3411

600 -1.1690 60 -0.8516420 0.2329 240 -1.1428 -2.9305

610 -1.1422 70 -0.3371

43

0 0.5398 250 -1.1304 -2.0699

620 -0.9785 80 0.1821440 0.8922 260 -0.9833 -0.8875

630 -0.6616 90 0.6208450 1.1899 270 -0.6927 0.4563

640 -0.1968100 0.9341

460 1.3887 280 -0.2882 1.8378

650 0.3124110 1.1071

470 1.4578 290 0.1950 3.0722

660 0.8344120 1.1302

480 1.4090 300 0.6525 4.0261

670 1.2544

13

0 1.0477

49

0 1.2666 310 0.9937 4.5625680 1.4809

140 0.8792

500 1.0178 320 1.1334 4.5113

690 1.4574150 0.6713

510 0.7826 330 1.0327 3.9439

700 1.1603160 0.4534

520 0.5228 340 0.7229 2.8594

710 0.6420170 0.2275

530 0.2601 350 0.2995 1.4292

720 0.0000180 0.0000

540 0.0000 360 0.0000 0.0000

Tnh gi tr ca tbT

bng cng thc:30* 30* * 30*85*0,64570,46

* * * * * * 3,1415*5490*0, 00636173*0,97

i mtb

pt d pt d

N NeT

n S n S

= = = =

tbT (b)=570,46*0,057=32,53(MN/m2.mm)

2.2.6. th vc t ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu : - th vc t ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu dng xc nh lc tc dng lncht khuu mi v tr ca trc khuu. T th ny ta c th tm tr s trung bnh

ca ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu cng nh c th d dng tm c lc ln nht v


Trang:16


17/42


lc b nht. Dng th ph ti ta c th xc nh khu vc chu lc t nht xc nhv tr khoan l du bi trn v xc nh ph ti khi tnh sc bn trc.

- Khi v th ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu c th cha cn xt n lc qun tnhchuyn ng quay ca khi lng thanh truyn m2 quy v tm cht khuu v phng

v tr s ca lc qun tnh ny khng i. sau khi v xong ta xt.- V h to T - Z gc to '0 trc 0Z c chiu dng hng xung di.- Chn t l xch :T = N = Z = 0,029 (MN/m2.mm)- t gi tr ca cc cp (T.Z) theo cc gc tng ng ln h trc to T - Z.

ng vi mi cp gi tr (T.Z) ta c mt im. nh du cc im t 72,2,1,0 ngvi cc gc t 7200 ni cc im li ta c ng cong biu din vct ph titc dung ln cht khuu.

- Dch chuyn gc to . Trn trc 0Z (theo chiu dng) ta ly im 0 vi

oRP='00 (lc qun tnh ly tm).

+ Lc qun tnh ly tm :2

2. .RoPt

m RPS

= .

2m : khi lng thanh truyn quy dn v u to; 2 0,7. 0,7( )ttm m kg = =

2 3 2

2. . 0,7*42.10 *574,9115

1,52740,006261725Ro

Pt

m RP

S

= = = )( 2m

MN

Vi t l xch Z ta di gc to 0 xung 0 mt on 00.

1,5274

0 '0 52,67( )0,029

Ro

z

Pmm

= = = .

+ t lc 0RP v pha di tm 0. ta c tm 0 y l tm cht khuu.

- T tm O v vng trn tng trng cht khuu.+ Xc nh . gi tr, phng chiu v im t lc.

Gi tr ca lc l di vct tnh t gc 0 n v tr bt k m ta cn.Chiu ca lc hng t tm 0 ra ngoi.im t ca lc l giao ca phng ko di v pha 0 ca vct lc v ng

trn tng trng cho cht khuu. 0'0'00 =+=++= ZTPQ Ro .

ttRo PPQ += . : l im bt k trn th.Q : l hp lc ca cc lc tc dng ln cht khuu.

T Z0 0.0000 -3.0244

10 -0.6436 -2.8824

20 -1.1634 -2.4834

30 -1.4683 -1.9156

40 -1.4887 -1.2660

50 -1.2675 -0.6885

60 -0.8516 -0.2602

70 -0.3371 -0.0346

80 0.1821 -0.0154


Trang:17


18/42


90 0.6208 -0.1671

100 0.9341 -0.4323

110 1.1071 -0.7507

120 1.1302 -1.0544

130 1.0477 -1.3166

140 0.8792 -1.4998

150 0.6713 -1.6181160 0.4534 -1.7043

170 0.2275 -1.7489

180 0.0000 -1.7582

190 -0.2265 -1.7411

200 -0.4519 -1.6988

210 -0.6728 -1.6219

220 -0.8810 -1.5029

230 -1.0527 -1.3228

240 -1.1428 -1.0661

250 -1.1304 -0.7665

260 -0.9833 -0.4551270 -0.6927 -0.1865

280 -0.2882 -0.0244

290 0.1950 -0.0200

300 0.6525 -0.1993

310 0.9937 -0.5398

320 1.1334 -0.9639

330 1.0327 -1.3473

340 0.7229 -1.5432

350 0.2995 -1.3414

360 0.0000 -0.0836

370 0.4200 1.8811

380 0.5402 1.1532390 0.2998 0.3911

400 0.0855 0.0727

410 0.0602 0.0327

420 0.2329 0.0711

430 0.5398 0.0554

440 0.8922 -0.0755

450 1.1899 -0.3204

460 1.3887 -0.6427

470 1.4578 -0.9885

480 1.4090 -1.3145

490 1.2666 -1.5917

500 1.0178 -1.7362510 0.7826 -1.8865

520 0.5228 -1.9651

530 0.2601 -1.9997

540 0.0000 -1.9726

550 -0.2577 -1.9810

560 -0.4787 -1.7992

570 -0.6945 -1.6741

580 -0.9075 -1.5481

590 -1.0811 -1.3585

600 -1.1690 -1.0906

610 -1.1422 -0.7745620 -0.9785 -0.4529


Trang:18


19/42


630 -0.6616 -0.1781

640 -0.1968 -0.0167

650 0.3124 -0.0321

660 0.8344 -0.2549

670 1.2544 -0.6814

680 1.4809 -1.2594

690 1.4574 -1.9014700 1.1603 -2.4767

710 0.6420 -2.8751

720 0.0000 -3.0174

2.2.7.Khai trin th ph ti trong h to cc thnh th Q - : - Khai trin th ph ti to c cc trn thnh th Q - ri tnh ph titrung bnh tbQ .- V h trc Q - . Chn t l xch Q= 0,029 (MN/m2.mm).

)/(2 mmo= .

- Trn cc im chia ca trc 0 - . ta ln lt t cc vct ttP tng ng vi ccgc t 720,...,20,10,0 . Vi ZTPtt += v tr s ca ttP c ly thvct ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu. Ni cc u nt vct li ta s c ngcong biu din th khai trin )(fQ = .

- Bng 1.3. Bng tnh xy dng th Q-

0 Z (thc) T (thc) PR0 Z-PR0 Q0 -3.0244 0.0000 1.5275 -4.5519 4.551910 -2.8824 -0.6436 1.5275 -4.4099 4.456620 -2.4834 -1.1634 1.5275 -4.0109 4.176230 -1.9156 -1.4683 1.5275 -3.4431 3.743140 -1.2660 -1.4887 1.5275 -2.7935 3.165450 -0.6885 -1.2675 1.5275 -2.2160 2.552960 -0.2602 -0.8516 1.5275 -1.7876 1.980170 -0.0346 -0.3371 1.5275 -1.5621 1.598080 -0.0154 0.1821 1.5275 -1.5429 1.553690 -0.1671 0.6208 1.5275 -1.6946 1.8047100 -0.4323 0.9341 1.5275 -1.9598 2.1711110 -0.7507 1.1071 1.5275 -2.2782 2.5329120 -1.0544 1.1302 1.5275 -2.5818 2.8184130 -1.3166 1.0477 1.5275 -2.8441 3.0309140 -1.4998 0.8792 1.5275 -3.0273 3.1523150 -1.6181 0.6713 1.5275 -3.1456 3.2164160 -1.7043 0.4534 1.5275 -3.2318 3.2634170 -1.7489 0.2275 1.5275 -3.2764 3.2843

180 -1.7582 0.0000 1.5275 -3.2856 3.2856


Trang:19


20/42


190 -1.7411 -0.2265 1.5275 -3.2686 3.2764200 -1.6988 -0.4519 1.5275 -3.2262 3.2577210 -1.6219 -0.6728 1.5275 -3.1494 3.2205

220 -1.5029 -0.8810 1.5275 -3.0304 3.1559230 -1.3228 -1.0527 1.5275 -2.8503 3.0385240 -1.0661 -1.1428 1.5275 -2.5936 2.8342250 -0.7665 -1.1304 1.5275 -2.2940 2.5574260 -0.4551 -0.9833 1.5275 -1.9826 2.2130270 -0.1865 -0.6927 1.5275 -1.7140 1.848728

0 -0.0244 -0.2882 1.5275 -1.5519 1.5784290 -0.0200 0.1950 1.5275 -1.5475 1.5597300 -0.1993 0.6525 1.5275 -1.7268 1.8460310 -0.5398 0.9937 1.5275 -2.0673 2.2937320 -0.9639 1.1334 1.5275 -2.4914 2.7371330 -1.3473 1.0327 1.5275 -2.8748 3.054634

0 -1.5432 0.7229 1.5275 -3.0706 3.1546350 -1.3414 0.2995 1.5275 -2.8688 2.8844360 -0.0836 0.0000 1.5275 -1.6111 1.6111370 1.8811 0.4200 1.5275 0.3536 0.5491380 1.1532 0.5402 1.5275 -0.3743 0.6572390 0.3911 0.2998 1.5275 -1.1364 1.1752400 0.0727 0.0855 1.5275 -1.4548 1.4573

410 0.0327 0.0602 1.5275 -1.4948 1.4960420 0.0711 0.2329 1.5275 -1.4563 1.4748430 0.0554 0.5398 1.5275 -1.4721 1.5679440 -0.0755 0.8922 1.5275 -1.6030 1.8346450 -0.3204 1.1899 1.5275 -1.8479 2.1978460 -0.6427 1.3887 1.5275 -2.1702 2.5765470 -0.9885 1.4578 1.5275 -2.5160 2.9078


Trang:20


21/42


480 -1.3145 1.4090 1.5275 -2.8420 3.1721490 -1.5917 1.2666 1.5275 -3.1192 3.3666500 -1.7362 1.0178 1.5275 -3.2637 3.4187

510 -1.8865 0.7826 1.5275 -3.4140 3.5025520 -1.9651 0.5228 1.5275 -3.4926 3.5315530 -1.9997 0.2601 1.5275 -3.5271 3.5367540 -1.9726 0.0000 1.5275 -3.5001 3.5001550 -1.9810 -0.2577 1.5275 -3.5085 3.5179560 -1.7992 -0.4787 1.5275 -3.3267 3.360957

0 -1.6741 -0.6945 1.5275 -3.2015 3.2760580 -1.5481 -0.9075 1.5275 -3.0756 3.2067590 -1.3585 -1.0811 1.5275 -2.8860 3.0818600 -1.0906 -1.1690 1.5275 -2.6181 2.8672610 -0.7745 -1.1422 1.5275 -2.3020 2.5698620 -0.4529 -0.9785 1.5275 -1.9803 2.208963

0 -0.1781 -0.6616 1.5275 -1.7056 1.8294640 -0.0167 -0.1968 1.5275 -1.5441 1.5566650 -0.0321 0.3124 1.5275 -1.5595 1.5905660 -0.2549 0.8344 1.5275 -1.7824 1.9681670 -0.6814 1.2544 1.5275 -2.2089 2.5402680 -1.2594 1.4809 1.5275 -2.7869 3.1559690 -1.9014 1.4574 1.5275 -3.4289 3.7257

700 -2.4767 1.1603 1.5275 -4.0042 4.1689710 -2.8751 0.6420 1.5275 -4.4026 4.4492720 -3.0174 0.0000 1.5275 -4.5449 4.5449

-

- tnh minmax ,QQ v tbQ . Xc nh tr s n v ph ti tc dng trn chtkhuu (hoc trc) theo cc cng thc sau :

Ph ti cc i maxmax 2.. Ptc c

Q MNK S

d l m =

.


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Ph ti b nht minmin 2.. Ptc c

Q MNK S

d l m =

.

Ph ti trung bnh

=

2.

. m

MNF

ld

QK P

cc

tbtb .

Trong :minmax ,QQ v

tbQ l ph ti cc i, cc tiu v trung bnh c xcnh trn th Q - . n v l 2/ mMN .

Qmax= 4,549 )( 2mMN

.

Qmin= 0.5491 )( 2mMN

.

Ti trng trung bnh tc dng ln cht khuu:

Qtb= 2,7123 )( 2mMN

.

- H s va p biu th mc va p ca ph ti:max max 4,549 1, 678

2,7123tb tb

K Q

K Q = = = = ; h s 4


23/42


+ im t l giao im ca vct v vng trn tng trng cho u to thanhtruyn.

+ +

0 0.0000 0.0000 370 2.5877 372.587710 2.5877 12.5877 380 5.1018 385.101820 5.1018 25.1018 390 7.4696 397.469630 7.4696 37.4696 400 9.6207 409.620740 9.6207 49.6207 410 11.4885 421.488550 11.4885 61.4885 420 13.0127 433.012760 13.0127 73.0127 430 14.1417 444.141770 14.1417 84.1417 440 14.8358 454.835880 14.8358 94.8358 450 15.0701 465.0701

90 15.0701105.070

1 460 14.8358 474.8358

100 14.8358

114.835

8 470 14.1417 484.1417

110 14.1417124.141

7 480 13.0127 493.0127

120 13.0127133.012

7 490 11.4885 501.4885

130 11.4885141.488

5 500 9.6207 509.6207

140 9.6207149.620

7 510 7.4696 517.4696

150 7.4696157.469

6 520 5.1018 525.1018

160 5.1018

165.101

8 530 2.5877 532.5877170 2.5877

172.5877 540 0.0000 540.0000

180 0.0000180.000

0 550 -2.5877 547.4123

190 -2.5877187.412

3 560 -5.1018 554.8982

200 -5.1018194.898

2 570 -7.4696 562.5304

210 -7.4696202.530

4 580 -9.6207 570.3793

220 -9.6207210.379

3 590 -11.4885 578.5115

230 -11.4885218.511

5 600 -13.0127 586.9873

240 -13.0127226.987

3 610 -14.1417 595.8583

250 -14.1417235.858

3 620 -14.8358 605.1642

260 -14.8358245.164

2 630 -15.0701 614.9299

270 -15.0701254.929

9 640 -14.8358 625.1642

280 -14.8358265.164

2 650 -14.1417 635.8583

290 -14.1417275.858

3 660 -13.0127 646.9873


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300 -13.0127286.987

3 670 -11.4885 658.5115

310 -11.4885298.511

5 680 -9.6207 670.3793

320 -9.6207310.379

3 690 -7.4696 682.5304

330 -7.4696 322.5304 700 -5.1018 694.8982

340 -5.1018334.898

2 710 -2.5877 707.4123

350 -2.5877347.412

3 720 0.0000 720.0000

360 0.0000360.000

0

2.2.9. th mi mn cht khuu : th mi mn ca cht khuu ( hoc c trc khuu ... ) th hin trng thi chu ti

ca cc im trn b mt trc. th ny cng th hin trng thi hao mn l thuytca trc, ng thi ch r khu vc chu ti t khoan l du theo ng nguyn tcm bo a du nhn vo trt v tr c khe h gia trc v bc lt ca lnnht. Ap sut b lm cho du nhn lu ng d dng.

S d gi l mi mn l thuyt v khi v ta dng cc gi thuyt sau y :+ Ph ti tc dng ln cht l ph ti n nh ng vi cng sut Ne v tc n

nh mc.+ Lc tc dng c nh hng u trong min 1200.+ mn t l thun vi ph ti.+ Khng xt n cc iu kin v cng ngh, s dng v lp ghp

+ Cc bc tin hnh v nh sau :- Trn th ph ti tc dng ln cht khuu ta v vng trn bt k v chia thnh 24

phn bng nhau tc l chia theo 15o. theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h. bt u tiim 0 tai giao im ca vng trn vi trc OZ (theo chiu dng) tip tc nh sth t 0.1.2.....23.

- T cc im chia vng trn ny. ta k cc tia qua tm O v ko di, cc tia ny sct th ph ti ph ti tai nhiu im, c bao nhiu im ct th th s c bynhiu lc tc dng ti v tr . Do ta c :

23'

1'

0''

.. iiii QQQQ +++=

Lp bng ghi kt qu iQ ' vo bng.- Tnh iQ theo cc dng:

231'0' ... QQQQQ i +++== .

- Chn t l xch : 22.966( / . )MN m mm=- V vng trn bt k tng trng cho cht khuu. v cc tia ng vi s ln chia. ln

lt t cc gi tr .2310 ,..,, QQQ ln cc ta tng ng theo chiu t ngoivo tm vng trn. Ni cc u mt li ta c dng th mi mn cht khuu.- Cc hp lc .2310 ,..,, QQQ c tnh theo bng sau :


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im0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Qi

Q0 838 838 838 838 838838 838 838 838

Q1 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4 537,4

Q2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q15 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5 32,5

Q16 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5

Q17 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2 25,2

Q18 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7 24,7

Q19 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8 25,8

Q20 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7 28,7

Q21 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8 33,8

Q22 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5 207,5

Q23 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6 654,6

Q 2300 2271,3 2237,5 2030 1375,4 537,4 0 0 0 0 0 32,5 60 85,2 110 135,8 164,5 198,2405,8 1060,4 1865,9 2375,8 2350,5 2325,8

Qthc[mm]

66,7

65,9

64,9 58,9

39,9

15,6 0 0 0 0 0 0,9 1,7

2,5

3,2

3,9

4,8

5,7

11,8

30,8

54,1

68,9

68,2 67,4


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th mi mn cht khuu


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II>Phn tch kt cu c im chung ca ng c chn thamkho

1>Thng s ng c chn tng ngLoi ng c 1ZZ-FE Yu cu ca

S xilanh 4-xilanh (thng hang) 4-xilanh (thnghang)

ng knh x hnh trnh 79 x 91,5 90 x 84T s nn 9,5 9,4

C cu phi kh DOHC 16-xupp, dnng xch

DOHC 16-xupp,dn ng xch

Cng sut ti a 92KW x 6000v/p 85KW x 54900v/pMomen xon ti a 162N.m x 4400v/p

Thi im phikh

Np M 60 60

ng 460 460

X M 420

420

ng 20 40

Tr s octan ca nhin liu 90 hay hn


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Mt ct ngang ca ng c 1ZZ-FE

Mt ct dc ca ng c 1ZZ-FE


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2)Cc kt cu s b ca ng c

2.1)Np ca np my

Np ca np my c c bng nhm c cng cao v nh giong lm kn v vng m bugi c lm lin vi nhau gim s chi tit giong lm kn c lm bng cao su Acrylic c cc tnh cht nhanh kh, chu

thi tit v tia t ngoi tt, bm dnh cao nhng kh nng chu ha cht,dung mi v chng n mn kim loi khng tt.

2.2)Np my

Ca thi c lm ng tng hiu sut thi Cc vi phun c c t trong np xilanh ngn chn nhin liu bm dnh

ca np nn gim lng kh thi

ng i trong o lm mt c ti u ha lm mt cao hn .


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Vic s dng bung chy dng cn gip gim hin tng kch n v hiu sutc ci thin

2.3) Thn my,

Np my c ch to bng hp kim nhm ng lt xilanh lm bng gang c mng, chnh xc gia cng cao Np bc lt c ch to liu bng nhm hp kim tng cng vng L thng kh c to ra ti bc ca trc khuu trong than my gip kh di

cilanh chy m nn p sut ca bm gim cng vi cng sut u ra2.4) Nhm Piston v thanh truyn

Piston c ch to bng hp kim nhm, phn y gn nh, nh pistonc vt hnh cn, cht pistin lp lng hon ton. chnh xc gia cngcao hn

Thanh truyn c ch to bng thp cng cao v gn nh, chiu

rng thanh truyn gim gim ma st, b ai c dung bulng sit cht


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2.5)Nhm trc khuu

Trc khuu nm c trc v tm khi lng cn bng.Chiu rng bc nh, tng chnh xc v nhn b mt gim ma st Trn trc khuu c khoan ccl du bi trn n cc c bin

Cht v ngng trc c ch to chnh xc hn v gim thiu ti a b mt gg

2.6)H thng bi trn

H thng bi trn kiu cng bc dng a du bi trn v lm mt cc bmt ma st ca cc chi tit chuyn ng ca ng c.

H thng bi trn gm c: bm du, bu lc du, ccte du, cc ng ng...

du s t ccte c ht bng bm du, qua lc du, vo cc ng du dc thn my

vo trc khuu, ln trc cam, t trc khuu vo cc bc bin, theo cc l phun ln

thnh xylanh, t trc cam vo cc bc trc cam, ri theo cc ng dn du t chy

v ccte.


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2.7)C cu phn phi kh

C cu phi kh DOHC(Double Overhead camshaft :Hai trc cam trn npmy) dn ng bng xch c mt 8mm, khng c m iu chnh xupp bcng xch hot ng bng lo xo v p sut du bi trn

2.8)H thng lm mt


Gim chnxch cam

Viphundu

Thanh txchcam

B cngxch cam

Con i xupp

L xo vu hm Vu hm

Cn yL xo

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Trong qu trnh lm vic ca ng c, nhit truyn cho cc chi tit tip xc vi

kh chy nh: piston, xecmng, xupap, np xilanh, thnh xilanh chim khong 25 35% nhit lng do nhin liu chy to ra. V vy cc chi tit thng b t nng

mnh lit-nhit nh pittng c th ln ti 600

o

C,cn nhit ca nm xupap cth ln 900oC. Nhit ca cc chi tit my cao gy ra nhng hu qu xu nh:

- Ph ti nhit lm gim sc bn lm gim sc bn, cng vng v tui th

ca cc chi tit my

- Do nhit cao lm gim nht ca du bi trn nn lm tng tn tht ma

st.

- C th gy b kt piston trong cylinder do hin tng gin n nhit.- Gim h s np.

- i vi ng c xng d pht sinh hin tng chy kch n.

H thng lm mt ng c c nhim v thc hin qu trnh truyn nhit t khchy qua thnh bung chy ri n mi cht lm mt m bo cho nhit ca cc chi tit khng qu nng nhng cng khng qu ngui

Lm mt du bi trnv trong qu trnh lm vic ca ng c, nhit ca dubi trn tng ln

Kt nc c lm nhm, ng nc i tt trong thn my v np my, nc

lm mt chy quanh thn my


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2.9)H thng nhin liu

H thng nhin liu ng c ng vai tr rt quan trng, n khng n thun l

h thng phun nhin liu, nhng n hp thnh mt h thng l h thng iu khin

in t (ECU), h thng nh la in t, iu khin tc ng c, to ra s tngtr ln nhau, kim phun hot ng nh cc kim phun ca cc xe i mi.

Kh nng iu khin tt, cng sut ng c tng, gim tiu hao nhin liu.

Lng khng kh np c lc sch khi i qua lc khng kh v c o bicm bin lu lng khng kh.

T l ho trn c ECU tnh ton v ho trn theo t l ph hp nht. C cmbin xy ng ng x cm nhn lng xy d, iu khin lng phun

nhin liu vo tt hn

Dng h thng nhin liu khng c ng du hi, b iu p, lc nhin liu vbm nhin liu lp thnh cm v t trong bnh xng

2.10)H thng dn ng ai


B gimrung ng

B iup nhinliu

Bnh xng

ng phn phi

Vi phun

Cm bmnhin liu

Bm xng

Lc xng

Van ctnhin liu

n b lc than hot tnh

nng c

Van ctnhin liu

Lc xng

B o mc

nhin liu

Bm xng B iu p nhinliu

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Dung ai gn ch V dn ng ton b h thng,cng vi b cng ai t ng

2.11)H thng nh la

H thng nh la c iu khin bng in t ECU nh la trc tip. Mi xylanh c mt bugi loi u di v mt cun dy nh la c iukhin bng mch bn dn dng transitor.

. H thng nh la in t lun lun gn lin vi h thng phun nhin liu, niu khin tia la, gc nh la lun ph hp vi gc phun ca nhin liu nhcc cm bin


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2.12)H thng iu khin ng c

Cc b phn chnh Khi qut S lngCm bin lu lng Loi dy sy 1Cm bin v tr trckhuu

Loi cun dy pht tnhiu(36-2)

1

Cm bin v tr trccam Loi cun dy pht tnhiu(3) 1Xm bin v tr bmga

Loi lin tc 1

Cm bin kch n Loi phn t p in 1Vi phun Loi 4 l 4Van ISC Loi cun dy quay (1 cun) 1


Cm binv tr trc

cam

Cm binv tr trc

khuu

Cm binkhc

Cun nhla v IC

ECUng

c

Xylanh s

1

Xylanh s2

Xylanh s3

Xylanh s4

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H thng iu khin ng c

3)c im kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca c cu phi kh (kiu DOHC)3.1)Kt cu cc chi tit3.1.1 Xupp

Xupap c nhim v ng m cc ng np v x, u xupap c dnga dt, ng knh np xupap np ln hn ca xupap x

Lm vic trong mi trng chu tc dng ca lc kh th ln nn xupp phi bn, kh nng chu nhit v chng n mn do cc cht sinh ra trong qu

trnh chy,Xupap npn xupap x lm bng thp 40X. Mt lm vic ca xupap c ch to vt 45 c gia cng k v mi rvi xupap. Thn xupap chuyn ng trong ng dn hng, phn uic gia cng rnh lp cc mng hm bt cht vng chn l xo xupap.

S lng xupp trong ng ng vi mi xylanh l bn (hai xupp np,hai xupp thi) vic b tr them xupp gip tng tit din lu thng choqu np v thi gip np y v thi hon ton


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3

2

1

5

1 x 4 5

108

1

1 5

45

30

3

115

4 1

1

R0, 5

1.Nm xupap 2.Thn xupap 3.ui xupap

3.1.2 Con iCon i:dng truyn lc t cam trc phn phi, c ch to thp C35 c

dng hnh tr, kt cu n gin, gn nh d ch to, kch thc va bng ng knh

mt tip xc

0.1

0 . 0 54 2 , 6

27

,59

1 7

21

,69

34

32

,06

18

,26

Con i3.1.3 ng dn hng xupap


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6

1 2

8

70

ng dn hng

ng dn hng xupap: dn hng chuyn ng cho xupap, trnh hao mn chothn ti ch lp xupap

Loi ng lt hnh tr c s dng rng ri v c tnh cng ngh n gin. ngdn hng uc ng p vo nm xilanh n mt khong cch nht nh. Chiudi ca ng dn hng ph thuc vo chiu dy v ng knh ca thn xupply 1.95 ln ng knh ca thn xupp, vi b dy th 3mm. Khe h gia thnxupp v ng dn hng ph thuc vo nhit v kt cu ca xupp.

3.1.4 L xo xupap L xo xupap m bo trong qu trnh m, ng xupp khng c hin tng va

p trn mt cam. m bo cho xupp chuyn ng theo ng quy lut cam

phn phi L xo xupap lm vic trong iu kin ti trng ng thay i rt t ngt. Vtliu ch to xupap thng dng dy thp c ng knh 3-5 mm loi thp C65

4

2 7

46

L xo

3.1.5 Vng hm xupp Vng hm: gm 2 na hnh cn c tc dng lin kt v gi a chn v l xo

vi ui xupap, dung mng hm khng gy nn ng sut tp trung trn uixupp


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1 0

2 7

5

3

7

Vng hm xupp

3.1.6 xupp

45

4 7

3 5

4 1

xupp

Mc ch gim hao mn cho thn my khi chu va p v lc ca xupp Kt cu xupp rt n gin thng ch c mt vng hnh tr trn c vt mt

cn tip xc vi mt con ca nm xupp Mt ngoi ca xupp c th l mt tr trn c tin rnh n hi lp cho

chc. Mt ngoi c cn khong 120 . Loi xupp hnh cn ny thngkhng p st y m khe h nh hn 0.04 mm.

3.1.7 Trc cam v dn ng Trc cam v dn ng: trc cam c ch to bng thp C45, c nhimv iu khin vic ng m xupap ng thi im, c lp trong thnmy

. Trn trc cam ngoi cc cam cn c cc c , 2 u trc lp bnh rngdn ng .Cam v cc c trc ch to bng thp c ti cao tn v cnhit luyn.

Trc cam tip nhn chuyn ng quay t trc khuu, trong 1 chu trnhlm vic ca ng c, trc cam quay 1 vng iu khin xupap np , x

ca mi xilanh ch m 1 ln. Nh vy bnh rng ca trc cam c s rngln gp 2 ln s rng ca bnh rng u trc c. Cc bnh rng ny c


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lp n khp vi nhau theo nhng v tr tng ng gia trc khuu v trccam, nhng v tr ny c xc nh rt cht ch v c nh du trncc bnh rng phn phi.

Trn trc cam c khoan l du nhm bi trn, vic khoan l du v s

lng cn tnh ton v trc lm vic trong mi trng ti trng nn vickhoan l du lm trc cam yu i C cu phi kh DOHC gm c hai trc cam (mt trc cam thi, mt trc

cam np)

3.2Nguyn L Hot ng

C cu phi kh cam xupp c s dng ph bin trong cc loi ng c v ckt cu n gin, d ch to, d iu chnh, gi thnh khng cao lm, y l xupapkiu treo

Trc khuu quay truyn chuyn ng n trc cam , cc cam cng tc ny tctng ln con i xung xupp nh l xo xupp ng m xupp np, x.Vic iukhin np, x l do pha phi khi quy nh

*Nhn xt v c cu phi kh DOHC

- Vic tng thm s lng xupp to iu kin hon thin ch np x theo nguyntc: np y kh np v x ht kh chy. Nh vy thc cht vic s dng DOHC cho

php tng s lng xupp tc l tng tit din thng qua ca dng kh np v thi.

- ng c DOHC cn to nn s ng m xupp cng tn lch pha, to dng xoykh np, ci thin cht lng chy ca ng c, gp phn hon thin cng sut ngc.

- Trn cc ng c hin i s dng c cu iu khin gc ng m xupp bng int do vy ti u cho qu trnh ng m xupp theo tc vng quay trc khuu.

Nh cc u vit trn m cng sut ng c c th tng thm, gii quyt tt hn qutrnh chy, cht lng kh x, m bo gim lng tiu th nhin liu.

III)Ti liu tham kho1) H Tn Chun-Nguyn c Ph, Kt cu v tnh ton ng c (1,2,3), nh xut

bn i hc v trung cp chuyn nghip, nm 19762) Nguyn Thnh Lng, Nguyn l ng c t trong, nh xut bn khoa hc kthut, nm20073)Dng Vit Dng, Gio trnh mn hc kt cu ng c t trong, nm 2007


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do an co cau phoi khi

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