Đồ Án nền móng. Đhcngtvt

8/10/2019 n nn mng. HCNGTVT

1/37

B mn a k thut n mn hc Nn & Mng

TRNG H NGT!T"H#$ %NG TR NH

'''''''''''''''

(NG H#) *+ H(, H- NGH.$ !,/T N$Mc 01 2 T3 45 2 H6nh 1h7c

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

8 9N M%N H: N;N !) M B?, !@N A , B( M%N> C$ ". THDET F,NH !, N> T !@N A,NH AIJ> KL TRNG> H %NG NGH/ GT!T

H Ni, 03/ 12/2014

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =


2/37


MP AP

FQ A,/D D B), SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSJH N > B9# 9# C$ HUTV TH-W !@N %NG TR NHSSSSSSSSSSSSSS'

1.1.c im a cht, thy vn kh v!c "#y $!n% c&n% t'(.......................) 12 1.2.Nh*n "+t v " t -h n% n m n%...................................................) 12

JH N X> TH,YT "Y "Z THDET SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS!a chn k ch th 5c c&n% t'(nh v 67 t' c8c t'9n% m n%.......................) 13

1. !a ch8n c c ca9 v k ch th 5c .....................................................) 13 ) 1.1 :a9 m; t'< ..................................................................................) 13 ) 1.2 :a9 =nh t'< ................................................................................) 14 ) 1.3 :a9 y 6>..................................................................................) 14 ) 1.4 ? ch th 5c c8c v ca9 m;i c8c ..................................................) 1@ ) 1.4.1 A c nh chi $i c8c ..............................................................) 1@ ) 1.4.2 ?im t'a k ch th 5c c8c ............................................................) 1@ ) 1.@. :hi $i m; t'< ............................................................................) 1@ )2. *- tB hC- tDi t'8n% =nh 6> En% v5i FNGN ....................................) 1@

2.1 G nh t9 n th t ch t'< .....................................................................) 1@ 2.1.1 :hi ca9 th#n t'< .....................................................................) 1@ ) 2.1.2 i>n t ch mt cIt n%an% t'< .......................................................) 1@ 2.1.3 Gh t ch t9n -hJn ca t'< ........................................................) 1K ) 2.1.4 Gh t ch -hJn th#n t'< n%*- n 5c ..............................................) 1K ) 2.2 *- tB hC- tDi t'8n% L GGMH: th 9 -h n% $8c tOi =nh 6> ......) 1 2.2.1 GDi t'8n% thPn% En% L GGMH: th 9 -h n% $8c .................) 1 2.2.2 GDi t'8n% n%an% L GGMH: th 9 -h n% $8c .........................) 1 2.2.3 F&m n L GGMH: th 9 -h n% $8c ......................................) 1K 2.3 *- tB hC- tDi t'8n% L GGMHQ th 9 -h n% $8c tOi =nh 6> .......) 1 2.3.1 GDi t'8n% thPn% En% L GGMHQ th 9 -h n% $8c ..................) 2.3.2 GDi t'8n% n%an% L GGMHQ th 9 -h n% $8c ...........................) 1 2.3.3 F&m n L GGMH: th 9 -h n% $8c ......................................) 1R )3. A c nh SEc kh n% n+n $8c t'


3/37


4/37


B[NG FQ A,/D T[, TR:NG T9 =PNG>

GDi t'8n% /-h n% n n v 1\ $9 t nh tDi %#yd :e ?N 2VR0\ $9 t nh tDi %#yd fe ?N 340

\ $9 h9Ot tDi ?N V11H $9 h9Ot tDi ?N 22UF $9 h9Ot tDi ?N.m 410

gh n% $8cd e , n%an% cJ dNegh n% n m n% c8c :

B[NG FQ A,/D THD\ !@N !) H,;D =), NHCJ> n v 10

:a9 FN:Nd @e F 4.K0

:a9 FNGGd 4e F 3.10:a9 FNGNd 3e F 1.10:- S&n% \

:a9 mt t t! nhiXn d 1e F 0.00:a9 mt t Sa " i d 2e F )2.R

:hi $i nh- nh- F [email protected]

T]nh ch^t c_ 0` c a cc 0O1 b^t 0 kh5an ba ch^t , 'T >' c chd tefu c_ 0` c a b^t

Lp1 : _____ 0 -0,8m

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =


5/37


Lp 2a: )0.U0m )10,V0 m

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =

: c ch= tiX c Tj ? hi> n v ?[t Dgh#n t ch thnh -hJn hOt

l ghJn t'm hOt S i 0.00l ghJn t'm hOt c t 1R.00

l ghJn t'm hOt mn dS+t, 6


6/37


7/37


8/37


,S A $ H:N "v H THI %NG TR NH !) BQ TRv : TR#NGM

\ t' "#y $!n% t'< cJ L "a 6^ v -hDi Dm 6D9 th&n% th y n v S! thay Bim!c n 5c %ia FN:N v FNGN T t n% 7i ca9.

A+t cD i ki>n m an t'Xn S&n%, ta ch8n c c %i t' ca9 nh Sa Y

) :a9 =nh t'< ch8n nh Sa Y Fa" FN:N l 1 m FNGGlHtt ) 0.3

mG'9n% Y

FN:NY m!c n 5c ca9 nht FN:N 4.K0 m

FNGGYm!c n 5c th&n% th y n FNGG 3.10 m

Htt Y T chi ca9 th&n% th y n d t'a 6Dn% 2.3.3.1.1 khB %i5i hOn th&th y n t'Xn c c S&n% c th y n 7i v5i S&n% c- \ eY

WDn% 2.3.3.1.1 ?hB %i5i hOn th&n% th y n t'Xn S&n% c th&n% th y nY

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'y' AO1> KL= =


9/37


:- ^n% S&n%?hB %i5i hOn t7i thi t'Xn mEc n 5c ca9 c ch k( 20 nm

dmeGh 9 chi n%an% Gh 9 chi thPn%

En% dt'Xn t9n :{e:J a S&n% :J a kXnhU0 @0 10K0 40 V@0 30 R

\ 40 2@ Kd th ch hC-e@d t7i thi e

\ 2@ 20 3.@\ 1@ 10 2.@

w Htt 3.@0 mw FN:N l 1m 4.K0 l 1.00 @.K m

\ FNGGlH tt 3.10 l 3.@0 K.K0 m

w :G ma" d @.K0 K.K0e ) 0.30 K.30 m

SXS a5 b bdnh jz w Bx>

:W FNGN ) 0.@0 m 1.10 ) 0.@0 0.K0 m

Ga thi[t k[ m n% c8c i th- nXn :W -hDi nh h n ca9 mt t Sa "2 )2.R0 m

w " t ch8n :W )3.0 m

SLS a5 b b{ jz w $Bx>

:W :W ) H 6

G'9n% Y H6 T chi $y 6> m n% ch8n 1.@ mw :W )3.0 1.@ )4.@ m

!{ cc thng | the}t k} mng nhs au Y

:a9 =nh t'Y :W )3.00m

:a9 y 6>Y :W )4.@0 m

:hi $y 6> m n% m n% H 6 1.@m

F!TH> T !@N A,NH '~' AO1> KL= =


10/37


S S "]ch thsOc cc pl ca5 b me cc S

Gh 9 t nh cht ca c&n% t'(nh T cJ c tDi t'8n% t' y n " 7n% m n% T Tcht %m c T5- thE 3 't $y v kh&n% -hDi T tJn% %7c, nXn ch8n %iDim n% c8c ma S t WG:G, m;i c8c n`m L T5- thE 3.

:h8n c8c 6X t&n% c7 th+- _c Sn, c8c c k ch th 5c TY d400"400emm n% v9 T5- S7 3 T T5- S+t c t m " m vn%, " m t'In%, t'On% th i cht [n cht. :a9 m;i c8c T

)32.00m.

S S S *c bnh cheu 4le ccS

:hi $i c8c c Cc " c nhY c :W H 6 ) :F: d)3.00e d1.@0e d)32.00e 2R.@0 m

G'9n% Y

:F: T ca9 m;i c8cY d:F: )32.00me

S SXS "em t a k]ch thsOc ccS

? ch th 5c m n% c8c -hDi th a mn yX cJ v mDnhY

30 c/$R0 w 30 c/$ 2R.@0/0.40 KU.R4 R0.00

w Gh9D mn yX cJ v mDnh

GBn% chi $i _c c8c S TY c l 0.@0m 2R.@0 l 0.@0 2U.00 m

:8c Cc tB hC- t 3 7t c8c v5i tBn% chi $i _c c8c T 2U.00 m V.00m 10.00m l V.00m

S S S heu 4le m t w =MTxS :hi $i m; t'< : FG 0.K l 0.R 1.3m

XS A1 t h1 te t ng bdnh jz ng pOe MNTNS

XS S T]nh t5n th t]ch t S

XS S S heu ca5 thn t HcS

Hc :G :W ) : FG K.K0 d)3.00e ) 1.30 U.30m

G'9n% Y : FG T chi $y m; t'< , : FG 1.30m

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =


11/37


XS SXS =ezn t]ch mqt cot ngang t S

Qt' [email protected] 2

2

m=

+

XS SLS Th t]ch t5ln 1hn c a t wkhng k 1hn jz ccxS

Gh t ch t9n -hJn ca t'< \ t' \ 1 l \ 2

G'9n% Y

\ 1 T th t ch -hJn m; t'


12/37


[email protected] KN H n H ht hCD ===

XSXSLSM mn TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c c a cu t6e bdnh jz

+= hhht hCD H n M n M 1 d:G):FWe

1.R@ 410 l 1.R@ 22U dK.3 ) d)3.0ee 442U d?N.meXSLS A1 t h1 te t ng TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e bdnh jzS

XSLS STe t ng thng bng TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c c a cu t6e bdnhjz Y

nnntr bt tt ht SD V V N N N ++= 1

( ) KN @@[email protected] =++=

XSLSXSTe t ng ngang TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c c a cu t6e bdnh jzY

ed22U1 KN H H ht SD ==

XSLSLSM mn TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c c a cu t6e bdnh jz

+= hht SD H M M

1 d:G):FWe 410 l 22U " dK.3 ) d)3.0ee 2@30 d?N.me

GDi t'8n% th 9 -h n% $8c ca cJ L GGMHQ tOi =nh 6>Y

GB hC- tOi =nh 6>

GDi t'8n% n v GGMH: GGMHQGDi t'8n% thPn% En% ?N R43K @@3V

GDi t'8n% n%an% ?N 3VV 22UF9m n ?N.m 442U 2@30

LS *c bnh c khng nin 4c t c c a cc b_nS QEc ch tDi $8c t'


13/37


l :8c 6X t&n% c7t th+-, tiXt $i>n ca c8c h(nh v &n%Y d3@0"3@0e mm2

l WX t&n% c c 30.0 F-a

l Gh+- QGF K1@ c y 420 F-a

W7 t' th+- t'9n% c8c Y:7t th+- chY ch8n th+- $1U, S7 T Cn% thanh T Y V thanh

:7t aiY ch8n th+- $U

9

18

5 0

3 0 0

5 0

400

QEc kh n% n+n $8c t' dg{ eY

e e)d [email protected] yS%r

cn{ s A+==

G'9n% Y

Y H> S7 SEc kh n% ca 6X t&n%, 0.R@

cY : ^n% n+n y nh ca 6X t&n% L t Bi 2U n%y dF-ae

yY Mi5i hOn chDy t7i thi y nh ca thanh c7t th+- dF-ae

%Y i>n t ch mt cIt n% yXn ca c8c, % 1K0000 mm2

StY i>n t ch c7t th+- St 22V0 mm2

w g{ .gn ( )0.R@ 0.U d0.U@ 30 d1K0000)22V0e 420 22V0e 2VV0043 N + =

w g{ N 2VV0043 dNe 2VV0 d?Ne

LSXS Fc khng nn 4c t c t]nh t5n c a cc th5 b^t nn.

QEc kh n% t nh t9 n ca c8c Cc t nh nh Sa Y { -. -l S. S

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' L' AO1> KL= =


14/37


G'9n% Y

-YQEc kh n% m;i c8c dNe

SYQEc kh n% th#n c8c dNe

-Yh> S7 SEc kh n% 7i v5i SEc kh n% m;i c8c y nh $ n% chc c -h n% -h - t ch 'î SEc kh n% ca c8c v SEc kh n% th#n c8c .

l 7i v5i t $ nhY - 0.R0v 0.@K dv 0.Ue

l 7i v5i t c t th 9 -h n% -h - QgGY - 0.4@v 0.3K dv 0.Ue

SY h> S7 SEc kh n% 7i v5i SEc kh n% th#n c8c $ n% ch9 -h n% -h - t'î SEc kh n% ca c8c $9 SEc kh n% m;i c8c v SEc kh n% th#n c8c.

l 7i v5i t $ nh t nh th 9 -h n% -h - Y S 0.R0v 0.@K dv 0.Ue

l 7i v5i t c t th 9 -h n% -h - QgGY S 0.4@v 0.3K dv 0.Ue

LSXS Fc khng thn cc

QEc kh n% th#n c8c Cc t nh nh Sa Y S S.S

G'9n% Y

SYT $i>n t ch 6 mt th#n c8c dmm2e9 th#n c8c n%m v9 t'9n% 3 T5- t, T5- t thE Hai T T5- t $ nh, T5-

thE Wa v T5- thE Nht T T5- t 'î nXn ta $ n% -h n% -h - t nh Sv5i

T5- t $ nh v -h n% -h - t nh SEc kh n% ca c8c $!a t'Xn th n%hi>m hi>t' ^n% SZ $


15/37


n% th^i ta c;n% tham khD9 c&n% thEc " c nh ca g nh Sa Y

N[ Q 2@?-a w 1.0

N[ 2@?ga Q R@?ga w 1 ) 0.@ @0

2@uS

N[ Q R@ ?ga w 0.@

Gh 9 -h n% -h - 5c t nh SEc kh n% ca c8c $!a t'Xn th n%hi>m hi>

t' ^n% SZ $ ch=nhe $8c th 9 th#n d W_a /

300mme

) \5i T5- thE nht d T5- 2ae T t S+t, ta c Y

Q 33.02KK.0

2 ==u

kM/cm2

33 ?-a 0.033 F-a w 0.V2 ) \5i thE hai dT5- 3e T T5- t c t , ta c S7 6_a [m QgG t' n% 6(nh $8c th 9

th#n 6_a ca T5- thE haidT5- 3e T Y 1U.4 d W_a /300mme

?[t D S Cc T*- thn% 6Dn% nh Sa Y

GXn T5- chi$y

dmme

:hvi qdmme

$i>n t chdmm2e

h> S7

QdFgae

S

dFgae S S.S

dNe

5- 2adS+te

10V00 1K00 141K0000 ) 0.V2 0.033 0.0303K 42VUV

5- 3dc te

21100 1K00 33RK0000 1U.4 ) ) 0.034VK 11U024V

LSXSX Fc khng me cc 1

QEc kh n% m;i c8c Cc t nh nh Sa Y - -. -

G'9n% YF!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =


16/37


17/37


3 @[email protected]

[email protected]@e1d

=+=++==>

$$ nh

bhnbh

bhh

d?N/m3 e

Ga c Yeded 33

22

rnbhn

abha# hh +=

10.V0 d1V.4@ V.U1el21.1 d20.@2 V.U1e 31R.34@ ?N/m2 0.33 Fga

T]nh Nc5 >

Ga c YN 1V , 400 mm, - 1K0000 mm2

6 21.1 m 21100 mmGhay S7 v9 ta c Y

N !"rr 0.RR 9%10d1.V2/0.33e 1V 11.1U d6_a/30cme

20.03U 0.03U 11.1U 21100 22.41d / e400

!"rr b p

N D N mm D

= = =

T 0.4 Nc9'' 0.4 11.3U 4.@@2 N/mm2

9 m;i c8c n`m t'9n% T5- t T5- 3 T T5- t '^i nXn ta c k[t D t nh -nh 6Dn% Sa Y

Nd6_a/300e

r#

dFgae dmme 6

dmme Nc9''

6_a/300mm

T N/mm2

-

N/mm2

-dmm2e

-dNe

1V 0.32 400 21100 11.3U 4.@@2 22.U1 1K0000 R2

\*y SEc kh n% t nh t9 n ca c8c th 9 t n n TY

{ -. -l S. S 0.3K " R2U320 l 0.@K " 42VUVRl 0.3K " 11U024V V2RU2R N

{ V2U ?NQEc kh n% $8c t' T !@N A,NH ' ' AO1> KL= =


18/37


19/37

B mn a k thut n mn hc Nn & Mng:2 :3 :4 :@

:R :U :V :11

:1K:14 :1@ :1R

:20 :21 :22 :23

:K

:12

:1U

:24

4 5 0

3 x

1 2 0 0

4 5 0

7900450 5x1400 450

4 5 0 0

:1

:10

:13

:1V

\5i n 24 c8c ta 67 t' nh t'Xn h(nh v

: c k ch th 5c ca 6> TY d4@00"RV00emm

Gh t ch ca 6> TY \ 6 1.@ " 4.@ " R.V @3.33

S A1 t h1 tc 4 ng 0fn b{ jz ng pOe MNTN

S S A1 te t ng TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz

S S Te t ng thng bng TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S

( )2 1 \6CD CD bt n N N nt = + [email protected]@24)V.U1e U@12 d?Ne S SXS Te t ng thng ngang TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S

ed3VV12 KN H H CDCD ==

S SLS Te t ng thng ngang TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S

e.d@[email protected] m KN H H M M bCDCDCD =+=+=

SXS A1 te t ng TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz

SXS Te t ng thng bng TTGHF= th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S( )nbt SDSD N N += \612 @@[email protected])V.U1e K2V@ d?Ne

S SXS Te t ng thng ngang TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S

ed22U12 KN H H SDSD ==

S SLS Te t ng thng ngang TTGH , th5 1hs_ng 4c t6e b{ jz S

[email protected]@30112 m KN H H M M bSDSDSD =+=+=

F!TH> T !@N A,NH ' ~' AO1> KL= =


20/37


) GB hC- tDi t'8n% t c $ Cc tBn% hC- th 9 6Dn% Sa YGDi t'8n% n v GGMH: GGMHQ

GDi t'8n% thPn% En% ?N U@12 K2V@GDi t'8n% n%an% ?N 3VV 22U

F& m n ?N.m @02K 2UR2KS "em t5n th5 t 6ng the geOe h6n csng b>

KS S "em t5n c khng 4c t c c a cc b_n>

KS S S T]nh ne 03c tc 4 ng 0fn bu cc

G' ^n% hC- c c c8c thPn% En%, tDi t'8n% t c $ d?Ne

F ", F y m& m n ca tDi t'8n% n%9i L GGMH: Ty 7i v5i t'


21/37


GXn c8c N Nd?Ne F"d?N.me

F y d?N.me

"i dme yi dme Nid?Ne

1 24 U@12 @02K 0 )3.@ 1.U @K4.@R2 )2.1 1.U @K4.@R3 )0.R 1.U @K4.@R4 0.R 1.U @K4.@R@ 2.1 1.U @K4.@RK 3.@ 1.U @K4.@RR )3.@ 0.K 424.K3U )2.1 0.K 424.K3V )0.R 0.K 424.K3

10 0.R 0.K 424.K311 2.1 0.K 424.K312 3.@ 0.K 424.K313 )3.@ )0.K 2U4.R014 )2.1 )0.K 2U4.R01@ )0.R )0.K 2U4.R01K 0.R )0.K 2U4.R01R 2.1 )0.K 2U4.R01U 3.@ )0.K 2U4.R01V )3.@ )1.U 144.RK20 )2.1 )1.U 144.RK21 )0.R )1.U 144.RK22 0.R )1.U 144.RK23 2.1 )1.U 144.RK24 3.@ )1.U 144.RK

( )2 21

,n

& &&

( '=

13R.2 43.2

\*y N ma" @K4.@R?N

Nmin 144.RK?N w 0

KS SXS "em t5n c khng 4c t c c a cc b_n cng thc kem t5nS

tt % N N +ma"

t'9n% Y

Nma"Y ni T!c T5n nht t c $


22/37


N ed2 nbt ! ) L 2R.@ 0.42 24 [email protected] ?N

\*yY NN max + @K4.@R l [email protected] KR0.1R ?N gtt V2U ?N 6tKSX "em t5n c khng 4c c a nhmS

:&n% thEc kim t9 n SEc kh n% $8c t' S7 SEc kh n% ca nh m c8cY % 0.4@v 0.3K dv 0.Ue

QEc kh n% $8c t' T !@N A,NH 'XX' AO1> KL= =


23/37


24/37


25/37


Wt$Y chi 'n% ca m n% t n% n%, ch nh 6`n% kh9Dn% c ch 2 tim cnht th 9 chi n%an% cJ l ^n% k nh c8c Y

Wt$ 3 1200 l 400 4000 dmme

):hi 'n% hay chi nh nht ca nh m c8cdAeY A 4000 dmme S# t'&n c8c t'9n% T5- ch T!cY 6 21100 dmme

S# h hi> Y 140KK.Kdmme- H> S7 Dnh h Ln% ca chi S# t'&n h hi> ca nh md eY

1 0.12@ @K.04000

[email protected]

r == , D w 0.@ w Ot

) 'v > G nh t S# Sa " i [n S# $ 5i m n% t n% n% mt kh9DW.

eded 332

2r

nbhna

bha# hh +=

10.V0 d1V.4@ V.U1el42.2 d20.@2 V.U1e @@R.03U ?N/m2 0.@@ Fga- Q7 [m QgG 9 t'9n% kh9Dn% T_n N 20.V

w Nc9'' U.4

T_n ca nh m c8cY

=!"rr N

, + ..30= 30 0.@K 0.2. [email protected]

U.4mm =

[email protected] dmme h [email protected] wOt

yS T]nh t5n kem t a cc

yS T]nh t5n kem t a cc t 5ng geae b56n the cng

GBn% chi $i c8c $ n% t nh t9 n v 67 t' c7t th+- T chi _c c8cYc

2U dme Cc chia thnh 3 7t c chi $iY $1 V dme $2 10 dme $3 V dme

F& m n T5n nht $ n% 67 t' c7t th+-F tt ma"dF1 F 2e

G'9n% YF 1Y F&m n t'9n% c8c th 9 S c] c8c

F 2Y F&m n t'9n% c8c th 9 S t' 9 c8ca. / nh m m$n !h" 3t !4! !5 !h&6u )7& L)1 9 m

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'X ' AO1> KL= =


26/37


27/37


28/37


2

1 12.1

R [email protected]

M M + = = ?N.m

Ga c mt cIt c %i t' m&m n T5n nht TY F1 [email protected] ?N.m/ nh m m$n n nh;t tr"n !4! th$" s< = tr$" !4!

F c Cc t c ch J c8c mt 9OnY 6 0.2V4$ 0.2V4 " 10 2.V4 dme , :h8n 6 3 m

5i t c $ T !@N A,NH 'Xy' AO1> KL= =


29/37


30/37


?im t9 n SEc kh n% 7n t nh t9 n ca c8cY

F ' .F n

G'9n% Y

Y T h> S7 SEc kh n% Cc y nh i @[email protected] nY SEc kh n% $anh nh dN.mme

e2

de2

d rrr s ' s s ' sn ) a

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\5i Y

SY $i>n t ch c7t th+- ch k+9 kh&n% ch9n% $! En% T!c dmm2e

yY %i5i hOn chDy y nh ca c7t th+- ch k+9 dFgae, y 420 FgaSY $i>n t ch c7t th+- ch n+n kh&n% $! En% T!cd e

yY %i5i hOn chDy y nh ca c7t th+- ch n+n dFgae, y 420 Fga

$S T kh9Dn% c ch t th5 n+n n%9i c n% [n t'8n% t#m c7t th+- ch k

kh&n% $! En% T!c dmme

$S Y kh9Dn% c ch t th5 n+n n%9i c n% [n t'8n% t#m c7t th+- ch n+kh&n% $! En% T!c dmme

aY chi $y kh7i En% S t t n% n% dmme, a c.

1 Y h> S7 En% S t y Bi kh7i En% S t. \5i 6X t&n% c c ^n%

Fga, 1 0.U@ v5i 6X t&n% c c ^n% 2UFga, h> S7 %iDm i th 9 m

T> 0.0@ ch9 t n% RFga v Ct 2UFga kh&n% Ty %i t' nh h n t' S7 0.0

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cY kh9Dn% c ch t mt t' n% h9 [n t'


31/37


MiD SZ t'n chDy $p9 ca c7t th+-Y

Q 0,003. 3@0 3U0.003 0.02@3U

=

y '

s

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@ @420

2.10 2.10)3

Ga thy, Sw y th a mn i ki>n chDy $p9 ca c7t th+-.

?im t'a hm T Cn% c7t th+- t7i a v hm T Cn% c7t th+- t7i thi

1@2R 0.011. 400.3@0

s

s

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= =

min r 300,03 0.03 0.0021420!

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= = = w min>

?[t T # nY c7t th+- 67 t' nh t'Xn T hC- Tj v ch T!c

+ 2 B- tr c-t th p ai cho c.c

9 c8c ch y[ ch n+n, ch cIt nh nXn kh&n% cJn $ y>t v c ^n% ca c7t th+- ai. \( v*y c7t th+- ai Cc 67 t' th 9 yX cJ v c tO9.

) J mi c8c ta 67 t' v5i 6 5c c7t ai T @0 mm.

) Gi[- th 9 ta 67 t' v5i 6 5c c7t th+- ai T 100 mm ch9 [n v t' m c c] .

) 9On cbn TOi ca mi 9On c8c d-hJn %ia 9On c8ce 67 t' v5i 6 5c ai T Y 200 mm

+ * /hi ti(t c-t th p c%n! m0i c.c

) :7t th+- m;i c8c c ^n% k nh 32, v5i chi $i R@0 mm.) 9On nh& 'a kh i m;i c8c T @0 mm.

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'L ' AO1> KL= =


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+ L i c-t th p "u c.c

J c8c 67 t' mt S7 T 5i c7t th+- J c8c c ^n% k nh K mm ,v5imIt T 5i a d@0@0emm. 5i Cc 67 t' nh`m Dm 6D9 ch9 6X t&n% c8kh&n% 6 -h h9Oi $9 ch En% S t c


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thXm an t9n ch9 m7i n7i ta SZ $

Ga SZ $n m7i n7i c c 7t c8c TOi v5i nha ta SZ $ S7 SEc kh n% cIt ca ^n% hn.2 0.U0 =

w ( )' { 0.K 0.U @40 0.R0R 10 1U33 N / mm= =

?hD nn% ch cIt t'Xn 1 n v chi $i ca thanh m7i n7i m n% h n d6Dth+- 6t J c8c e Y ( ) ( )v n v y{ 0.@U t 1.0 0.@U 10 420 243K N / mm = = =

w : ^n% ch cIt $9 ^n% hn y[t nh.GBn% chi $i ^n% hnY 1K " @00 l 100 " K " 4 10400dmme

w ?hD nn% ch T!c ca t9n TiXn k[t Y ( ) ( )3' ' g { 1U33 10400 1V0K3.2 10 N 1V0K3.2 kN= = = =

?im t9 n Y\*y m7i n7i Dm 6D9 khD nn% ch T!c.

~S SXS T]nh t5n chn j7aS j $9 ch8n 6_a Y khi n% c8c $ $n% an S t ch7i ca c8c khi thic&n% hay Dm 6D9 6X t&n% J c8c kh&n% 6 -h h n% khi n% c8c $9 6_a c nn% T!c " n% k ch T5n. : ch ch8n 6_a Y !a v9 nn% T!c " n% k ch ca 6_a ta c th ch8n 6_a nh Sa Y 2@. tt G'9n% Y

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'LL' AO1> KL= =


34/37


tt Y QEc ch tDi thi[t k[ ca c8c tt KKUd?Ne Y Nn% T!c " n% k ch ca 6_a dN.me w 2@ " V@2 23U00 dN.me Ga ch8n D 6_a c t'8n% T Cn% 2 tn 20kN G'8n% T Cn% ca c8c Y 2U " 0.42 " 24 10R dkNe !a v9 h> S7 th ch $ = =

n% T9Oi 6_a thy T!c c S7 hi> \100 K c c c th&n% S7 k th *t S# Nn% T Cn% t7i a/ mt nh t 6_a Y R200?M.m Ft hnh t'(nh t7i a Y 1.2m Ft hnh t'(nh t7i thi Y 0.2m G'8n% T Cn% th#n t' Ct ca 6_a Y K100?M G'8n% T Cn% ca J 6_a dkh&n% t nh m;ie Y V400?M T]nh b ch|e c a cc > :&n% thEc t nh t9 n Y

221

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K nB nB nB % H

$

K nB H $

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+= + + ++ =

+ + G'9n% Y

g%h Y QEc ch tDi %i5i hOn ca c8c. Y t'8n% T Cn% ca D 6_a. H Y :hi ca9 ' i 6_a. Y i>n t ch mt cIt n%an% c8c. Y GBn% t'8n% T Cn% c8c. n 10 d$aN/cm2e. H> S7 kinh n%hi>m dt'a 6Dn%e ? 1 0.4@ Y H> S7 -h


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T -hDi Dm 6D9 v k ch th 5c ,S7 T Cn% khi %ia c&n% "9n% ta tO- hC-t n% chn% T9Oi v v*n ch yn [n 6i _c c8c.

S SXS T65 1hng mqt jng b7c cc pl 0o1 bqt pn khun c|t thi1 > G' 5c khi TI- t v n kh &n ta Tm -h`n% 6 mt _c c8c v B T5- WG

@cm tO9 mt 6`n% _c c8c th*t vn% chIc. Qa khi tO9 -hPn% "9n% ta ti[n hnh TI- *t v n kh &n v c7t th+-, ti[t ki>chi -h v n kh &n ta _c c c c8c " n k nha n%h a T c8c t' 5c S Tmkh &n ch9 c8c Sa . ?hi TI- t "9n% v n kh &n ta ti[n hnh t '8 th+- v9ch nh " c c7t th+- kh&n% 6 n%hiXn% m+9 v T 'a n%9i WG.

S SLS BT pl j5 4sng cc > G' 5c khi B WG ta ti[n hnh kim t'a TOi k ch th 5c v n kh &n v Tn% TOi mt TJn na ,WG c th Cc ch[ tO9 tOi 6i _c c8c h9c c th man%m y [n, cJn T j t'(nh B WG -hDi Cc ti[n hnh TiXn tc nh v 6`n% m y kinh v L #y ta kh&n% %i5i thi> c ch th!c hi>n mch_ j [n c ch nh $ c c c8c tim Sa9 ch9 n kh&n% 6 mt t'9n% S 7t t'(nh thi c&n% c&n% t'(nh, khi nh v c8c tim ta cJn -hDi n% thXm c c c8c -n%9i -hOm vi thi c&n% h7 m n% tiXn kim t'a tim h7 m n%, tim 6> t'9

t'(nh thi c&n%.SL ng cc >SLS S hn 1hs_ng 1h1 bng cc >

:&n% t'(nh T m n% t'< cJ L n i kh&n% c mt n 5c, v5i FNG: T t n% S# nXn ta ch8n -h n% n n% c8c t'Xn -ha9 nBi T th ch hC-

SLSXS T nh t3 bng cc > \ t' ca c c c8c Cc nh v 6`n% m y kinh v , Sa khi nh v Cc v tca t n% c8c ta $i ch yn 6_a [n v t' v ti[n hnh n%

t 6_a TXn # c8c,ti[n hnh +- c8c 6`n% SEc +- th u T c

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'L ' AO1> KL= =


36/37


th *n tiXn ch9 viXc th 9 $ i t'(nh hO c8c ta $ n% S n nh $ TXv5i kh9an% c nh nht nh kim t'a ca9 . G'9n% t'(nh n% c8c -hDi T &n th 9 $ i tim c8c S9 v5i -h n% thPn% n[ Sai T>ch th( k- th^i khIc -hSLS S BT jz mng >

aS 1 bu ccV pz enh h| mngV b BT 0t mng pl 0ot bqt pn khun > Qa khi th!c hi>n c c 6 5c nX t'Xn ta ti[n hnh *- J c8c ta $ n% 6*- th c&n% 6 c 6 WG J c8c v a *- TXn kh i h7 m n% Sa ti[n hnT5- WG T t m n% mac 1@0 n% m y kinh v nh tim va " c nh 6> m n%, c] TI- c7t th+- " 7n% m n%. Qa khi B T5- WG T t m n% "9n% ta $ n% c] TI- c c v n kh &n "m n% c c v n kh &n TiXn k[t v5i nha va TiXn kXt v5i c7t th+- 6`n% hn iX n% m y kinh v nh v v t' =nh m n% -hc B WG.jS Bf Tng > WG Cc ch[ tO9 _n% th 9 thi[t k[, " 6 mdm y 6 me En% t'Xn " Tan h7 m n% th&n% a ^n% 7n% $n WG,$ 5i 6> c Jm $ i k[t hC- Jm '% n " n% anh v n kh &n Tm tn% thXm cht ca WG, t'(nh khi Ot ca9 thi[t k[ th( k[t th_c.:h_ j t'9n% t'(nh B WG kh&n% Cc %i9On vi WG S 6 -h#n tJn%. Qa khi B WG "9n% ta ti[n hnh 6D9 $ n% ch9 [n khi WG Ot c ^n% th 9 v n kh &n v ti[- tn -hJn th#n t ^n% chIn. :Jn ch_ j S9 S nh kh7i T Cn% B WG th!c t[ v kh7i T Cn% WG thi[t k[ 2Ti> ny kh&n% Cc Sai T>ch nhi .

F!TH> T !@N A,NH 'LK' AO1> KL= =


37/37


"YT ADEN

G'Xn #y T 6i thi[t k[ m m h9n thnh "9n%,t'9n% 6i th hi>nyX cJ cJn -hDi h9n thnh m thJy %i 9 %ia9 ch9 m.

9 th^i %ian c hOn v S! hi 6i[t cbn hOn ch[ nXn 6i Tm cbn ch a Ch9n thi>n ch9 TIm.\( v*y 't m9n% c& %i 9 th&n% cDm v ch= 6D9 thXm c th n%hiXn cE t(m hi Cc ' h n v m&n h8c c;n% nh 6B S n%c c ki[n thEc an t'8n%, cJn thi[t -h

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