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LCH NOT DAU

Cung vdi sir phat trien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hda dat nude, nganh cong nghiep dau khi cua Viet nam trong hon 30 nam qua da dong gop mot phan khong nhd trong su phat trien chung day. Trong do phai ndi den su dong gop dang ke cua XNLD Vietsovpetro, hang nam da mang ve cho dat nude hang ty do la tu xuat khau d§u thd.

Ma trong nganh cong nghiep dau khi, vai trd cua nang lupng khi nen dac biet quan trong, nhat la ddi vdi cac gian khoan-khai thac Dau khi tren bien. Neu de mat nguon khi nen nay chi trong vai phiit thi mpi boat dong tren gian bi te liet, cong nghe khai thac khong kiem scat duac, do do nguon khi nen cd y nghTa rat quan trong tren cac gian khoan,

Tai cac gian khoan cd rat nhieu tram may nen khi cd the cung cap khi cho cac thiet bi va he thong phuc vu cho cong nghe khoan-khai thac Dau khi. Trong do cd tram may nen khi true vit GA-75FF da duac dua vao boat dong, vi no cd the dam bao tot yeu cau ve nguon khi cung cap, bo tri gpn, boat dong hoan toan tu dong, cd he thong an toan khi may cd su cd. Va dac biet la luu lupng cua tram may nay Ion khong thay ddi.

Vi vay, sau khi dupe hoc tap, dao tao va trong qua trinh thuc tap tai XNLD Vietsovpetro, dudi su hudng dan nhiet tinh cua thay Nguyen Van Thinh, cimg toan the cac thay trong Bp mdn Thiet bi dau khi, cac ky su, cong nhan cua XNLD Vietsovpetro da giup em hoan thanh do an tot nghiep nay vdi de tai; “Tim hieu ve cau tao, nguyen ly lam vice, quy trinh lap dat, van hanh, bao duoug may nen khi GA-75FF” vdi chuyen de “Danh gia may nen va he thong khi nen, cac giai phap su dung khi nen mot each cd hieu qua” tai gian MSP-8 thupc XNLD Vietsovpetro.

Trong qua trinh lam do an em cung khong tranh khdi sai sot, em rat mong dupe su chi dan cua cac thay, cd trong nganh de ban than em cung cd them ly thuyet va thuc te, giup em hoan thien chuyen de nay va phuc vu cho cong tac sau nay.

Em xin tran trong cam an.Ha Noi, ngay 03 thang 6 nam 2010

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CHlTONG 1KHAI QUAT VE HE THONG KHI NEN VA CAC TRAM MAY NEN KHI

1.1. Khai quat ve he thong khi nen va cac tram may nen khi tren cac cong cong trinh bien1.1.1. Khai quat ve he thong khi nen

Khi nen da co nhieu ung dung tir rat xa xua, ngay tir trade Cong Nguyen, Tuy nhien, do su phat trien cua khoa hoc ky thuat trade day khong dong bo, nhat la su ket hop cac kien thuc ve co hoc, vat ly, vat lieu ... khong co hoac con thieu, cho nen pham vi ung dung cua khi nen con rat han die.

Ngay nay, vdi sit phat trien manh me cua khoa hoc ky thuat, cimg vai nang lucmg dien, vai tro nang luong bang khi nen ngay cang trd nen quan trpng. Tat ca nhung co sd san xuat Ion, tham chi ca trong nhieu ITnh vuc thong dung ciia cupc song hang ngay cung khong the thieu dupe nguon nang luong khi nen. Viec su dung nang luong bang khi nen dong mot vai tro cot yeu d nhung ITnh vuc ma khi su dung nang luong dien se nguy hiem; su dung nang luong bang khi nen d nhung dung cu nhd, nhung truyen dong vdi van toe Idn; su dung nang luong bang khi nen d nhung thiet bi nhu bua hoi, dung cu dap, tan dinh, va nhieu nhat la dung cu, do ga kep chat trong cac may...

Trong nganh cong nghiep Dau khi, vai tro cua nang luong khi nen cang trd nen dac biet quan trong, nhat la ddi vdi cac gian khoan-khai thac Dau khi tren bien. Sd dt nhu vay la do cac qua trinh san xuat, cac cong doan cong nghe trong cong nghiep Dau khi dac biet nguy hiem, luon tiem an nhdng nguy co chay, no, phun trao... cd the gay ra tai nan chet ngudi, pha huy thiet bi, cong trinh, tham chi la nhung tham hpa mdi trudng nghiem trpng cho ca mot khu vuc rpng Idn. Vdi nhung dac tinh uu viet cua nang luong khi nen, nhu:

- An toan vdi mdi trudng doc hai, mdi trudng nguy hiem khi, de chay no.- De cung cap, de su dung.- Pham vi ung dung rpng rai.Bdi vay, chung la nguon nang luong khong the thieu tren cac cong trinh Dau

khi. Nang luong khi nen dupe su dung cho cac thiet bi cong cu, thiet bi dong luc... va dac biet la trong cac he thong tir dong dieu khien va do luong.1.1.2. Cac tram may nen khi tai XNLD Vietsovpetro

So do he thong khi nen gian MSP-8 (hinh 1,1)

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Tai cac gian co dinh tren bien cua XNLD Vietsovpetro, de cung cap nang luong khi nen su dung cho cac thiet bi va he thong phuc vu cho cong nghe khoan-khai thac Dau khi, nguoi ta thiet ke, lap dat nhieu tram nen khi phuc vu cho nhting muc dich cu the khac nhau, nhu;

• Tram may nen khi 4BY 1-5/9 a BM-15: gom 2 may: 1- Dupe dan dong bang dong co Diezel; 1 - Dupe dan dong bang dong co dien; nham cung cap khi nen ap suat thap (6 ^ 8 kG/cm2) cho cac thiet bi tu dong hoa & do ludng, va cac thiet bj phuc vu cho cong nghe khoan, nhu Roto thao lap can khoan, phanh tdi khoan, dong/ngat cac ly hop khi nen cua cac bom dung dich YM-8.

• Tram may nen khi BIT2-9/10 d BM-7B: gom 4 may (duoc dan dong bang dong co dien) va mot he thong say va lam kho khi (kha phuc tap), cung cap khi nen kho, sach, ap suat thap (6-^8 kG/cm2) cho he thong van chuyen ximang, phuc vu cho qua trinh cong nghe khoan.

• Tram may nen khi 3KFI-70/25 d BM-7 A: gom 2 may (duoc dan dong bang dong co dien) cung cap khi nen ap suat cao (30 ^ 50 kG/cm2) cho he thong khdi dong dong co Diezel 8BH 25/34-3 cua tram phat dien chinh (BM-7 A) cua gian.

• Cum tram may nen khi d BM-6, gom:- Tram may nen khi ap suat thap (6-^8 kG/cm2); loai BV-0,6/8 (hoac BY-

0,6/13), gom 3 may. Sau do, chung duoc thay the bang tram nen khi kieu “Ingersoll-Rand T 30/7100”, cung co 3 may. Cac tram nay cd luu luong nho (Q ~ 0,6 mVphut - loai BY-0,6/8 (hoac BY-0,6/13); hoac Q = 1,42 mVphut - loai “Ingersoll-Rand T 30/7100”), lam vice theo che do tu dong, nham cung cap khi nen cho cac thiet bi do ludng, he thong dieu khien tu dong cac van “MIM”, cac tram dieu khien (ACS, TOE ..) ddng/md cac van dap gieng, dan dong cho cac bom hoa pham... cua he thong cong nghe khai thac dau khi.

- Cum may nen khi ap suat thap (6 ^ 8 kG/cm2): loai 4BY1-5/9, gom 1 2 may. Day la loai may nen khi cd luu luong trung binh (Q ~ 5 mVphut), lam viec theo che do tu dong, nham cung cap khi nen cho cac thiet bi, dung cu dan dong bang khi nen (may mai, may khoan, may ban ri, cac may bom thuy luc cao ap...) va chu yeu la lam nhiem vu ep nude ky thuat phuc vu sinh boat tren gian.

Trong thdi gian gan day, tren cac gian cd dinh cua Xi nghiep Lien doanh “Vietsovpetro”, nguoi ta da dua vao lap dat va su dung cac tram nen khi hien dai, nhu GA-75 (cua hang Atlas-Copco), hoac SSR MH-75 (cua hang Ingersoll-Rand). Cac tram nay cd the cung cap khi nen trong dai ap suat lam viec tu 6 + 13 kG/cm2 va luu luong tuong ddi Ion (Q = 13,59 11,61 mVphut, ddi vdi tram SSR MH-75; Q = 11,8 mVphut, ddi vdi tram GA-75). Chung dupe trang bi them he thong xvr ly

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lam sach va say khd khl kha hoan hao nen chat lugng khi nen rat tot, dam bao dii luu lugng va chat lugng de co the su dung cho he thong van chuyen ximang, phuc vu cho qua trinh edng nghe kho an; ep nude ky thuat cung cap cho sinh boat va cac he thong lam mat; cung nhu cho cac thiet hi do ludng, he thong dieu khien tu dong , cac thiet hi dugc dan dong bang khi nen khac.., VI vay, vdi mot tram nen khi co 2 may loai nay (GA-75 cua hang Atlas-Copco, hoac SSR MH-75 cua hang Ingersoll-Rand) dugc lap dat d BM-7B, co the thay the cho toan bd cac cum, tram may nen khi ap suat thap khac (nhu BH2-9/10; BY-0,6/8; BY-0,6/13; 4BY1-5/9; Ingersoll-Rand T 30/7100...) trude do, d tren gian.

- Tram may nen khi ap suat cao (100 - 150 kG/cm2): loai Kp-2T (hoac BT 1,5-0,3/150), gdm 2 may. Day la loai may nen khi cao ap, co luu lugng nhd (Q ~ 1,5 + lit/phut), lam vide theo che do tu dong, nham cung cap khi nen cho he thong dieu khien dong/md cac van cau d cac blok edng nghe (BM-1 ;2) va he thong khdi dong cho cac dong co Diezel cua cac may bom dung dich va may bom tram ximang, nen khi cho cac blnh dieu hda luu lugng cua cac may bom piston. Nguon khi nen cao ap nay con dugc sir dung trong edng tac kiem tra, kiem dinh cac van an toan, van hanh cac bo do ga chuyen dung ...

Ngoai ra, tren mot so gian (nhu CTP-2; CTP-3...) con dugc lap dat, van hanh mot so tram nen khi chuyen dung de san xuat, cung cap khi tro (N2) phuc vu cho cac edng doan edng nghe xu ly Dau khi.1.2. Muc dich, yeu cau ddi vdi he thong khi nen tren cac gian khoan khai thac dau khi tren bien

Nhu da ndi d phan tren, hien nay, tren cac edng trinh bien cua XNLD Vietsovpetro dang ton tai hai he thong khi nen cao ap va thap ap, nham muc dich cung cap nguon nang lugng (khi nen) cho cac thiet bi va he thong chinh, nhu sau:

- Cac thiet bi do ludng: cac cot mire chat long cho cac binh, be edng nghe...- Cac he thong dieu khien, tu dong hda; cac tram dieu khien van dap gieng

(ACS, TOE ...); he thong dieu khien luu lugng (cac van MIM); cac role trong he thong bao ve; dieu khien ddng/md cac van cau, cac thiet bi chan khac ...

- Cac thiet bi dan dong bang khi nen: he thong khdi dong cho cac dong co Diezel edng suat Ion; cac dong co kieu Roto; cac may bom, may mai, may khoan, thiet bi thao/lap buldng, thiet bi phun son...

- He thong van chuyen xi mang, phuc vu cho qua trinh edng nghe khoan.- Cac muc dich khac: lam sach cac be mat gia edng, stra chua; lam ve sinh

edng nghiep; hoac su dung khi nen de thuc hien mot quy trinh edng nghe nao do,

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nhir ggi dong trong khai thac; khuay tron dung dich khoan hoac xi mang trong qua trinh khoan...

Khi nen dugc tao ra tit nhung may nen khi chira dung nhieu tap chat ban, do am co the d nhung mire do khac nhau. Chat ban bao gom: bui, do am ciia khong khi duoc hut vao, nhung phan tu nhd chat can ba cua dau bdi tron va truyen dong co khi. Hem nua, trong qua trinh nen khi nhiet do khi nen tang len cd the gay ra qua trinh dxy hoa mot so phan tir ke tren. Nhu vay khi nen bao gom chat ban do duoc tai di trong nhung dudng dng dan khi se gay nen su an mdn, gi trong dng va trong cac phan tu ciia he thong dieu khien. Cho nen khi nen duoc sir dung trong ky thuat phai xir ly. Muc do xit ly khi nen tiiy thude vao phuong phap xir ly, tir do xac dinh.

Tuy theo muc dich su dung, cac yeu cau ve chat luong cira khi nen cd the co ddi chut khac biet. Tuy nhien, tiru trung lai van bao gom cac van de co ban sau day:

- Dam bao do sach: Dieu nay dam bao khong lam ket hoac tac nghen cac phin ipc, cac zicler hoac cac chi tiet, phan tit cd do chinh xac cao cua thiet bi, nhat la d trong cac thiet bi kiem tra, do luong va d cac he thong dieu khien, tu dong hoa, De danh gia do sach, ngudi ta dua ra cac tieu chuan ve do Idn cua cac tap chat. Theo cac tieu chuan ciia Hoi dong cac xi nghiep chau Au PNEUROP (European Committee of Manufacturers of Compressors, Vacuumpumps and Pneumatic tools) de ra, do Idn ciia cac tap chat trong khi nen khong duoc vuot qua 70 pm.

- Dam bao do khd: Yeu cau nay rat quan hong, nhat la khi khi nen duoc sir dung trong he thong van chuyen cac vat lieu rdi, nhu he thong van chuyen ximang, Trong cac he thong nay, 99,9 % luong hoi am (gom hoi nude, dau bdi tron... goi chung la condensate) phai duoc loai bd. Mat khac, dam bao do khd cua khi nen lam han che sp tao thanh cac phase long, la tac nhan tao nen an mdn dien hda trong dong luu thong cua khi nen.

- Dam bao khoang nhiet do lam vide thich hop: Thong thudng, khoang nhiet do lam vide thich hop nhat ciia khi nen khong duoc chdnh lech qua 3 - 5°C so vdi nhiet do mdi trudng lam vide ciia he thong va thiet bi. Su chdnh lech qua Idn se gay nen su gian no nhiet khac nhau trong cac he thong, thiet bi, cac cum chi tidt, tao ra su nut vo, bien dang, hu hong...

- Dam bao khoang ap suat lam vice thich hop: Mdi he thong hoac thiet bi deu cd nhung yeu cau ve khoang ap suat khi nen lam vide khac nhau. De giai quyet van de nay, ngudi ta thudng sit dung cac bd van giam ap (hoac tang ap) phu hop.

- Dam bao do nhdt dong thich hop: Ddi vdi tung he thong, nhat la vdi he thong dieu khien tu dong hoac truyen dong khi nen, va thiet bi, se cd nhung yeu can cu the ve do nhdt dong hoc can thiet ciia khi nen, de giam ma sat, sir an mdn va ri set ciia

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cluing. De giai quyet van de nay, ngudi ta thudng sii dung dau bdi tron,bd sung vao dong khi nen thong qua cac bo van tra dau, boat dong theo nguyen ly tra dau Venturi.

Trong nhung yeu cau ve chat lupng khi da neu tren, quan trpng nhat la viec dam bao do sach, va do kho cua khi nen.1.3. Cac phuong phap xur ly khi

De dam bao cac yeu cau da neu tren doi vdi khi nen, ngudi ta tien hanh xu ly cluing trong va sau qua trinh nen bang rat nhieu bien phap.

Khi nen duqc tai tu may nen bao gdm cac chat ban tho, nhung hat bui, chat can ba cua dau boi tron va mat bui cua truyen dong co khi. Phan Ion nhung chat nay xu ly trong thiet bi gqi la thietbi lam lanh tarn thdi, sau khi khi nen tu may nen khi qua dudng ong cho vao binh chua lam hoi nude ngung tu d do, dp am cua khi nen (lupng hoi nude) phan Ion se dupe ngung tu tai day. Giai doan xu ly nay gpi la giai doan xu ly thd. Neu nhu thiet bi xu ly khi nen giai doan nay tot, hien dai thi khi nen co the su dung dupe, vi du nhung dung cu khi nen cam tay, nhung thiet bi do ga don gian dung khi nen... Tuy nhien su dung khi nen trong he thong dieu khien va mot so thiet bi khac, doi hoi chat lupng cua khi nen cao hon.

Trong he thong xu ly khi nen dupe chia lam 3 giai doan sau day:- Lpc tho: Lam mat tarn thdi khi nen tu may nen khi tach ra de tach chat ban

bui. Sau do khi nen dupe dua vao binh ngung tu de tach hoi nude. Giai doan lpc tho la giai doan can thiet nhat cho van de xu ly khi nen.

- Say kho: Giai doan nay xu ly tiiy theo chat lupng yeu cau cua khi nen,- Lpc tinh: Xu ly khi nen trong giai doan nay trude khi dua vao su dung. Giai

doan nay rat can thiet cho he thong dieu khien tu dong hoa.

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Hinh 1.2. Cac giai doan xu ly khi nen.

❖ Cac phircng phap xu ly khi nen.Khong khi chiia nhieu thanh phan, trong do co lirpng hai nuac dang ke. Sau khi

qua giai doan loc tho, luqng hoi nude van con. Do nhung yen can ve chat lugng khac nhau trong vice su dung khi nen (hinh 1.2), doi hoi khi nen phai dupe xu ly tiep.

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1

Do an tot nghiep

Xtflikhi nen

Khl n^n kh6ng xtf U

(BO Ipc lip trfin tfng din)

Truong Dai hoc Mo - Dia Chat

Phgm vi tjfng dtpag

Ui If nli blng khflng khlDrfm hda «Amg cua mtfc

M6y n£nIt hi

hilath Iflnh t»10°C' ^

Lim If nh blag nuflcBifm hoa jLjrrig eu» khfng khl Ifto It ah i-JQ-C

Sfiy khft bing chat lam If nh

DiAm hia tiJtfng ala khl dutfc lim lank l.+2°C

Mafir?'

< Hip thf khfl btng chft ^Umlfnh

_L^ _

1IU|

>ta :Slim his tuongoli Utl difpt ilm Janh t.-20°C -40°C

Hinh 1.3. Cac phuongphap xii ly khl nen va ITnh vuc ling dung.

1.3.1. Binh ngung tu lam lanh bang khong khl hoac bang nude.- Khl nen sau khl ra khdi may nen se dirge dan vao binh ngirng tu.Tai day khl se

dugc lam lanh va phan Idn lugng nude chiia trong khl nen se dirge ngirng tu va tach

ra.

- Lam lanh bang khong khl, nhiet dp khl nen trong binh ngirng tu se dat dugc

trong khoang hi +30°C den+35°C.

- Lam lanh bang nude (vl du nude lanh cd nhiet do la +10°C) thi nhiet do khl

nen trong binh ngung tu se dat dugc la +20°C.Nguyen ly boat dong cua binh ngung tu bang nude, xem hinh 1.3.

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Blnh ngung tu: 1; Van an toan2:He thong dng dan nude lam lanh3: Nude lam lanh dupe dSn vao4: KM nen sau khi dupe lam lanh5: Bp phan tach nude dura trong khi nen 6: Nude lam lanh dupe ddn ra7: khi nen ducp dan vao tuf may nen khi

Hinh 1.4. Nguyen ly boat dong cua binh ngung tu lam lanh bang nude.1.3.2. Thiet bj say kho bang chat lam lanh va hap thu1.3.2.1. Thiet bj say kho bang chat lam lanh

Nguyen ly boat dong cua phuong phap say kho bang chat lam lanh (hinhl.4): Khi nen tir may nen khi se qua bo phan trao ddi nhiet khi - khi (1). Tai day dong khi nen vao se dupe lam lanh so bp bang dong khi nen da dupe say kho va su ly tu bp phan ngung hi di len.

Sau khi dupe lam lanh so bp, dong khi nen vao bp phan trao ddi nhiet khl -chat lam lanh (2). Qua trinh lam lanh se dupe thuc hien bang each, dong khi nen se dupe doi chieu trong nhimg dng dan nam trong thiet bi nay. Nhiet dp hoa suong tai day la +2°C. Nhu vay lupng hoi nude trong dong khi nen vao se dupe tao thanh tung gipt nhd mot. Luang hoi nude se dupe ngung tu trong bp phan ket tua (3). Ngoai lupng hoi dupe ket tua, tai day con cd cac chat ban, dau bdi tron cung da dupe tach ra. Dau, nude, chat ban sau khi dupe tach ra khdi dong khi nen se dupe dua ra ngoai qua van thoat nude ngung tu tu dong (4). Dong khi nen dupe lam sach va con lanh se dupe dua den bp phan trao ddi nhiet (1), de nhiet dp tir khoang 6°C den 8°C, trude khi dua vao sir dung.

Chu ky boat dong cua chat lam lanh dupe thuc hien bang may nen de phat chat lam lanh (5). Sau khi chat lam lanh dupe nen qua may nen, nhiet dp se tang len, binh ngung tu (6) se cd tac dung lam ngupi chat lam lanh do bang quat gid. Van dieu chinh luu lupng (8) va ro le dieu chinh nhiet dp (7) cd nhiem vu dieu chinh dong luu lupng chit lam lanh boat dong trong khi cd tai, khdng tai va hoi qua nhiet.

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Khi ncn nong such say khd)

1 r Khf nen nong sach say kho2: B6 phan trao doi nhiet, khi chat lam lanh 3: Bo phan ket tua4; Van Ihoat nude ngitng tu tu ddng 5: May nen de phat chat lam lanh 6: Blnh ngung tu7: Role dieu chtnh nhiet doR: Van diSu chinh htu Ittong chit lam lanh

Khi nen tu may nen khi

Chat lam lanh

Dp aim, dau boi Iron, bui

Hinh 1.5. Nguyen ly boat dong cua thiet bi say kho bang chat lam lanh.

Hinh 1.6, Nguyen ly boat dong cua ra le nhiet.a; ong dan chat lam lanh d dang long b: ong dan chat lam lanhc: cam bien nhiet dp d: ong mao dan

•I* Nguyen ly boat dong cua ra le nhiet:

e: mangf: 16 voi phun g: 16 xoh: ca cau dieu chinh 16 voi phun

Tai vi tri A chat lam lanh (vl du; chlorfluormethan CCL3F) 6 dang the khi. Khi nhiet dp a vi tri b thay doi, cam bien nhiet dp c qua ong mao dan d se tac dong len mang e, nhir vay se lam thay doi vi tri cua voi phun f, luu lirong cua chat lam lanh vao se thay doi.

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1.3,2.2, Thiet bj say kho bang hap thuSay kho bang hap thu co the la qua trinh vat ly hay qua trinh hoa hoc.- Qua trinh vat ly: Chat say kho hay goi la chat hao nude se hap thu lugng hoi

nude d trong khdng khl am va gdm 2 binh say kho. Binh say kho thu nhat chua chat say kho va thuc hien qua trinh say kho, trong khi do binh say kho thu 2 se dugc tai tao lai kha nang hap thu cua chat say kho (chat hao nude) ma da dung lan trude do (hinh 1,6). Chat say kho thudng dugc chon nhu silicagel Si02, nhiet do diem suong

-50°C, nhiet do tai tao t = 120°C - 180°C.

rKhf nen tfir MNK

Khf nong bao hoa

Hinh 1.7. Nguyen ly lam viec cua thiet bi say kho bang hap thu.

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Khi nen sau khi say kho

Hinh 1.8. Qua trinh van hanh cua thiet bi say kho bang hap thu.

Chu ky boat dong cua he thong. Khi binh say kho thu nhat I boat dong, van 6 mo; khi nen tir may nen khi qua binh say II, qua van 4 va vao he thong dieu khien.

Qua trinh tai tao duqc thuc hien bang khi nong sau khi khong khi qua may nen khi 1 va duqc nung nong trong bq phan nung nong 2 qua van 7 vao binh chua I, qua van 8, luc do khong khi nong bao hoa se duqc duqc dua ra ngoai.

- Qua trinh hoa hoc; Thiet bi gom 1 binh chua, trong do chua chat hap thu (hinh 1.8), chat hap thu bang qua trinh hoa hoc thucmg la NaCl. Khong khi am se duqc dua vao tu cua 1, sau khi di qua chat hap thu 2, vi du NaCl, luqng hoi nude trong khong khi se ket hqp vdi chat hap thu va tao thanh nhung giqt nude lang xudng phan dudi cua day binh chua, Tu do phan nude ngung tu se duqc dan ra ngoai bang van 5.

Phan khong khi say kho se theo cua 4 vao he thong dieu khien.

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Hinh 1.9. Nguyen ly hap thu bang phan ung hda hoc.

Hien nay, tren cac gian co dinh cua XNLD Vietsovpetro, ngudi ta sir dung hau het cac phuong phap xu ly khi nen da neu tren.

- Xir ly khi nen bang cac bo loc, cac binh ngung tu va lam lanh bang nude, nhu

ddi vdi cac may nen khi Bn2-9/10 ; 3KH-70/25 ; Kp-2T (hoac BT 1,5-0,3/150)...- Xu ly khi nen bang cac bo loc, cac binh ngung tu va lam lanh bang khdng

khi, nhu doi vdi cac may nen khi BY-0,6/8 (hoac BY-0,6/13); 4 BY1-5/9...- Xu ly khi nen bang cac bo loc, cac binh ngung tu va lam lanh bang khdng

khi, lam khd khi bang cac chat hap th\i trong mot he thong chuyen dung, nhu ddi vdi cac may nen khi “Ingersoll-Rand T 30/7100 ”...

- Xir ly khi nen bang cac bd loc, cac binh ngung tu va lam lanh bang khdng khi, lam khd khi bang chat lam lanh trong mot he thong chuyen dung , nhu ddi vdi cac may nen khi GA-30 ; GA-75 (cira hang Atlas-Copco), hoac Ml 18.5E ; SSR MH-75 (cua hang Tngersol 1-Rand)...

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CHlTONG 2LY THUYET CO BAN VE MAY NEN KHI DANG TRUC VIT

2.1. Mo ta chung ve may nen khi dang true vitMay nen khi true vit la may nen the tich, Thudng dirge su dung trong he thong

van chuyen thu gom khi dong hanh d cac mo hoac cung cap ngudn khi nen cho cac thiet bi do va didu khien tu dong.

Do cd cau tao khac vdi may nen piston, Chuyen dong tinh tien ciia piston lam thay ddi the tich (May nen piston la mot dang ciia may nen the tich). May nen true vit co cau tao theo nguyen ly an khdp giua cac true vit vdi nhau hoac qua mot cap hoac vai cap hanh rang an khdp, Nen may nen true vit cd the lam viec vdi so vdng quay cao, va do vay cd the giam khdi luong va kich thude. Cung do cau tao nhu vay nen may nen true vit cd dao dong ve kru luong rat thap. May nen hoan toan can bang va khdng can phai cd de dac biet.

Do khdng cd van hut, van xa va vdng xec mang nen may nen true vit cd tudi tho cao, tin cay khi lam viec so vdi may nen khi piston.

May nen khi true vit dem gian khi bao dudng ky thuat va cd the lam viec d che do tu dong hoan toan.2.1.1. Cau tao va nguyen ly lam viec

- May nen khi true vit boat dong theo nguyen ly an khdp, trong qua trinh an khdp the tich cac budng thay doi. No gom hai true vit nhieu dau mdi rang an khdp va quay ngugc chieu nhau. Mot true dan dong nhan truyen dong tir dong co va truyen cho true bi dan dong qua cap banh rang nghieng. Khdng khi duoc hut tu dau nay (d phia tren cap true vit) duoc nen day sang dau kia (phia dudi) cua cap true. Khe hd giua hai true vit (phan dinh rang ciia true vit nay va chan rang cua true vit kia) va giua dinh rang vdi xi lanh vao khoang 0,1 - 0,4 mm. Vi vay khi lam viec khdng cd ma sat. Tudi tho cao, cac true vit lam viec em, cac true vit cd do chinh xac cao.

- Khi cac true vit quay duoc mot vdng, the tich khoang trong giua cac rang sc thay doi. Nhu vay se tao ra qua trinh hut (the tich khoang trong tang len), qua trinh nen (khoang trong nhd lai) va cudi cung la qua trinh day (hinh 2.1). Vdi cac loai may nen khi cd van tdc quay cua cac true vit Idn hang ngan vdng phut, cac qua trinh hut/nen cd the duoc coi la lien tuc. Vi vay, may nen khi kieu true vit thudng cd ket cau nhd, gon nhung luu luong va edng suat kha Idn.

- Nhuoc diem ciia may nen true vit la khd che tao va sua chua.- So vdng quay ciia true vit tu 3000 vdng/phiit trd len tham tri den 15.000

vdng/phiit.

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Buying ddy

Hinh 2.1. Nguyen ly boat dong cua may nen khi kieu true vit.

Hinh 2.2. Qua trinh an khap.

Vtlng hiit

Hinh 2,3. Qua trinh hut, nen va day cua may nen kieu true vit.

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Phan chinh ciia may nen khi kieu true vit gom 2 true: true chinh va true phu (hinh 2.2). So rang (so dau men') ciia true xac dinh the tich lam vide (hiit, nen), khi true quay 1 vong. So rang cang Idn, the tich hiit, nen cua 1 vong quay se nhd. so rang (so dau mdi cua true chinh va true phu khdng bang nhau se cho hieu suat tot hon.Trong hinh 2.2 true chinh (2) co 4 dau moi (4 rang), true phu fl) cd 5 dau moi (5 rang).

2.1.2.Cac thong so co1 ban cua may nen true vit2.1.2.1. Nang suat cua may nen true vit

Nang suat cua may nen true vit dugc tinh bang cong thuc sau day;

Q = (F]Z| + F2Z2).L.nA0 (m3/phut). (2.1)Trong do;

- F|, F2 : Dien tich tiet dien ngang cua cac ranh an khdp tren moi true vit, (m2).- Z], Z2 : So rang cua moi true.- L : Chieu dai dudng vit (m).- n : So vong quay cua true vit (vdng/phiit),

- /WJ; He so cap, phu thuoc vao khe hd gitta hai true vit vdi nhau va giua

true vit vdi xi lanh. X0 - 0,5 : 0,75.Muon thay doi nang suat cua may nen true vit ngudi ta thudng dung hai bien

phap: Mot la dong bdt cua hiit, hai la xa vong hai nen tu phia day ve phia hiit. Cach thii nhat kinh te han.2.1.2.2.Cong suat cua may nen khi true vit

Cong suat nen ciia may nen true vit cung dirge tinh toan tuang tu nhu may nen

canh gat.

(2.2)

- N : cong suat cua may nen khi (W).

- k : la chi so doan nhiet.

- P], P2; la ap suat dau hiit va dau nen (N/m2).- Qj : la nang suat hiit cua may (mVs).• May nen true vit cua hang Frich (My) vdi kieu RXB - 12 den RXB - 50

dung trong may lanh Amoniac hay Freon la ndi tieng the gidi. Tuoi the do may cua hang che tao cd the tit 10 20 nam,

2.1.2.3.Luu luo’ng may nen khi true vitLuu lugng ly thuyet ciia may nen theo so vong ciia Roto chu dong va bi dong va

so vong quay:

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VL = Vr.Z,.!!! = VR.Z2.n2 (2.3)- VL : Luxi luqng ly thuyet cua may nen.- VR: The tich cac ranh giua cac ren cua true tmyen dong va bi dong.- Z,,Z2: la so rang cua true vit chu dong, bi dong.

- nb n2: so vong quay cua true vit chu dong, bi dong. Cong there tinh he so luu luqng:

Tlv = VT/VL = (VT - Vtt)/VL = 1 - Vtt (2.4)- riv: He so lim luqng.

- VL: Luu luqng may nen theo ly thuyet.- VT: Luu luqng may nen thuc te.

- VH: Luu luqng may nen that thoat,

• Cong thuc tinh he so nen ben ngoai:

£ - Pvao/Pm (2.5)- P ; la ap suat

• Cong thuc tinh he so nen trong:

E-T Pnen Irong/Pvao (26)

- Neu e = St thi truemg hop nay su mat mat trong qua trinh nen hay khong du nen la khong co.

• Luu luqng cua may nen true vit duqc tinh toan theo cong thuc sau;

Qv = qoA.n1/60(m3/s) (2.7)Trong do;

- q0 la km luqng (vong/phut).

- X la hieu suat (0,8 ^ 0,86).

- ni la so vong quay true chinh, n = 4500 6000 (vong/phut)

• Xac dinh q0;

a:True phu

True enmn /\zHinh 2.4. Tinh luu luqng q„

qo = (A, +A2).L.Z,.Vlo/V]LOTH (2.8)

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Trong do;

- L : chieu dai true vit (m),- Ab A2: dien tich true chinh, dien tich true phu.

- Zi so dau moi (so rang) true chinh.- Vl0/Vlo.tk : la ty sd cua khe ha theo ly thuydt.

Vlo

Vlo th

1,0

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0100 200 300 f

Hinh 2.5. Su phu thupc goc xoan ip va ty so the tich khe hd thuc te va khe hd theo ly thuyet

2.I.2.4. Nang suat cua may nen true vlt• Nang suat cua may nen true vit tinh theo cong thuc:

Q - (F,Z, + F2Z2). Ln.Z0 (m3/phut) (2.9)Trong do:

- F,, F2: dien tich thiet dien ngang cua cac ranh an khdp tren moi true vit (in2),

- Z,, Z2 : so rang cua moi true .- L : chieu dai dudng kinh true vit (m).

- n : so vong quay cua true vit (vong/phut).

- X0 : he so cap, phu thuoc vao khe hd giua hai true vit vdi nhau va vdi xi lanh,

Z0 =0,5-0,75

2.1.3. Cac dac diem dac biet cua may nen true vitMay nen true vit co the co nhieu dac diem khac nhau co loai co cau tao 1,2

hoac nhieu rdto. Trong do may nen cd cau tao 2 roto la duqc su dung nhieu nhat.

May nen true vit la may nen quay nhanh va khong co van dau hut va van dau day cac bo phan lam viec la true vit quay, nhung khong tiep xiic vdi nhau. Trong

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trudng hop co cung cap dau boi tran cho may nen, may nen true vit co the phan thanh 3 loai sau day:

- May nen true vit co dau boi tran,- May nen true vit kho trong do cac bo phan chu yen cua may dugc lam mat

bdi hai hoac long lam viec trong may nen.

- May nen true vit nen tot bang each phun vao may mot lirgng nho chat long de

lam giam nhiet do cua hoi hoac khi sau khi nen.• May nen true vit kho;- Co 2 roto. Roto chu dong co rang Idi dirge noi true tiep hoac qua khdp noi

rang vdi dong ca (dong ca dien hoac dong ca diezen) roto bi dong co rang 16m sir nen khi xay ra ma khong dugc cap dau hoac chat long khac vao khoang lam viec cua xi lanh. Vi vay sy tiep xuc cua cac rang ciia roto khi khong co dau la khong cho phep va giua chung ton tai mot khe ho nho dam bao sir lam viec an toan cua may. De quay roto dong bo khi khong co tiep xuc tuong ho giua chung. Ngudi ta lap dat cap banh rang an khap co ty so truyen bang vdi ty so cua rang roto chu dong va bi dong. Dae hung cua cac banh rang an khap la khe ha mat giua cac rang cua chung bang nua khe ha cho phep giua cac rang cua cac roto. Dieu nay dam bao khong co sy tiep xuc cua cac rang cua phan vit cua roto trong thdi gian lam viec cua may nen.

- Cac roto lap trong than tren cac 6 da. Vi may nen lam viec vai van toe vdng quay rat lan, tai 100 m/s nen phai sir dung 6 da tmat.

• May nen true vit co dau boi tran:- Loai may nen nay co uu the lan han so vdi may nen kho. Qua trinh nen khi

xay ra cimg vdi phun vao trong khoang lam viec mot lugng dau dc lam mat khi trong qua trinh nen va lam kin khe hd, giam dong chay ngugc cua khi va nang cao hieu suat cua may nen.

- Cd sir phun dau cho phep nang cao he so nen trong mot cap nen len la s = 8 +12 do dau lam mat khi nen. Nen nhiet do cua no d he so nen cao khong vugt qua 100°C. De so sanh chung ta thay rang trong may nen kho he so nen e = 4 khong vugt qua 4. Va khi do nhiet do tren dudng day tang len den 160 + 180°C nghia la sy phun dau cho phep che tao may nen 1 cap khong lam mat hung gian thay cho 2 hay3 cap nen. Ngoai ra dan gian dang ke ket cau may nen. May nen khi co dau trong khoang nen cac roto co the tiep xuc vdi nhau cho nen khong can cap banh rang an khdp.

- Van toe vdng cua may nen cd dau boi tran thap han 2,5 lan so vdi may nen kho. Cho nen cac roto quay tren cac 6 lan thudng d cua hut lap 6 bi dua, chin tai

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trong hudng kinh. Phia cua day lap bi cau chiu luc doc true. Tren may nen con co he thong cung cap dau tuan hoan, He thong dieu chinh liru hrang va cac bam,2.2. Sff do he thong may nen khi kieu true vi't

May nen khi true vit phuc vu cho cong nghe thuc pham, vi du cong nghiep che bien thuc pham, cong nghiep hoa chat, ngudi ta thudng dung loai may nen khi khong co dau boi tran, hoac dimg cac loai dau boi tran co gdc tu thuc vat. D6i vai cong nghiep nang, nhat la trong llnh vuc dieu khien thi ngudi ta thudng dung may nen khi co dau boi tran de chdng su an mdn he thong ong dan va phan tu dieu khien.

Hinh 2,6 la sa do he thong may nen kieu true vit co he thong dau boi tran. Dac diem cua loai may nay la ton that ca hoc Ian han so vdi loai may nen khong boi tran vi co sit tiep sue cua true vit chinh va true vit phu.

Tuy nhien, so vdi may nen khi khong co dau boi tran, may nen khi co he thong dau boi tran co nhung uu diem sau:

- Kha nang lam kin tot han, do do giam duoc ton that cong suat, luu lupng.- Nhiet sinh ra trong qua trinh nen se duac dau boi tran hap thu. Dieu do cho

phep tang ty so nen trong mot cap ma khong lam tang qua nhieu nhiet do cua khi nen .

- Khoang each true ngan, vi chi can tmyen dong cho true chinh, trong khi do loai may nen khi khong co dau boi tran thi true chinh va true phu tach rdi nhau, cho nen can phai truyen dong cho ca 2 tmc.

Hinh 2.6. Sa do he thong may nen khi kieu true vit co he thong dau boi tran.

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• Nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong may nen khi kieu true vit co dau boi tron- Khong khi dupe hut vao may nen khi. Sau khi nen, khi nen cung dau boi tron

tao thanh 1 hon hop vao binh loc. Trong binh loc, khi nen thoat ra theo dudng ong dan phia tren va dau boi Iron mang nhiet (dupe tao ra trong qua trinh nen) se theo dudng ong phia dudi binh loc. Khi nen se dupe chuyen den he thong dieu khien sau khi di qua bp phan lam mat bang quat gid. Dau boi tron mang nhiet se dupe lam ngupi bang ong dan qua quat gio hoac da dat dupe nhiet dp lam mat theo yen cau qua role nhiet quay trd ve binh chua dau boi tron,2.3. He thong lap rap may nen true vit

Trong nha may che tao, cac thiet bi may nen dupe tien hanh thir d che dp trung binh, sau do dong gdi va giao cho ngudi dat hang. No gom 3 cum rieng biet sau day:

- Cum may nen.- Cum lam mat nhdt.- Cum dieu khien tu xa.Khi giao hang gom: van chan, phu tung dieu chinh tren dudng hut, xa cua khi

chi tiet du phdng va dung cu.Binh tach nhdt dupe dua vao thanh phan thiet bi dupe liet ke dupe lira chon (1

hoac mot so tren tram may nen) tu su tinh toan dp nhdt do tren mat thiet bi phai khong nhd hon 1,5 m3. Khi chon vi tri lap dat binh nen xet tirng su ton that ap suat nhdt tu cac dudng ong dan tdi va ra khdi binh khong vupt qua 0,1 - 0,15 Mila va tren dudng hut nhat thiet phai lap bp tiep nhan vdi thiet bi khoa theo muc chat long. Thiet bi phai ndi vdi he thong tp dong. Va truyen tin hieu dong khi tran binh. Su nhat thiet trong binh nhu the the hien bang may nen true vit va may nen thong dung. Khi chat long vao khoang lam viec vdi so lupng Idn (dau tho, phan chat long hydrocacbon) cd the xay ra va dap thuy luc.

Ngoai ra neu nhu khi ep bao gom cac tap chat co hoc vupt qua 20 pT/m3 thi trude may nen phai lap phin loc ma klch cd cac chat di qua khong khi hon 100 pkm,

Thiet bi may nen true vit cd the lap dat dudi mai che.Cac loai dong co khi lap rap phai cd mai che chan de tranh mua nang true tiep

chieu vao cung nhu cac bang dieu khien he thong tu dong.May nen true vit la may nen bang dong hoc nen may khong ddi hoi mot nen

mdng rieng va cd the lap tren mdng epe hoac mdng kim loai nhe. Tnrdc khi van chuyen may, cum dieu khien dupe thao tach khdi thiet bi may. Vi vay khi hoan thanh edng viec lap may, phai lap no tren khung may nen.

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Cum dieu khien tir xa lap dat tren khoang each khong gan hom 7 m va khong xa hem 200 m tinh hi may nen. Phan bo may can phai thuan tien khi bao dirang,

Khi lap he thong tu dong, dac biet chu y su chuan xac va chac chan cac moi noi day dan thiet bi can phai co day tiep dien. Sau khi ket thuc lap dat thiet bi dien noi vdi mach dien va mach tiep dien.

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CHlTONG 3CAU TAG, NGUYEN LY LAM VIEC CUA TRAM MAY NEN KHI GA-75FF3.1. Cau tao3.1.1. Gidi thieu chung

GA la tram may nen khi dang true vit, mot cap, tac dung don, co dau boi tron va dugc dan dong bang dong co dien. GA-55, GA-75 va GA-90C la dang dugc lam mat bang khdng khi, GA-55 W, GA-75W va GA-90CW dugc lam mat bang nude.

* Loai tram may nen khi GA-75 EE (Full-feature);- La tram may nen khi true vit vdi day du cac tinh nang ky thuat FF (Full-

feature). Chung dugc trang bi thiet bi lam khd khi, cung lap dat chung trong khoang than vd. Thiet bi lam khd khi nay tach am tit khi nen bang each lam lanh chung den gan diem suong de hoi am (dau, nude...) ngung tii rdi xa thong qua co cau xa condensate tu dong,

- Tram may nen khi GA-75FF: La may nen khi true vit co dinh cd dau boi tron true tiep, mot cap nen, dugc truyen dong bang dong co dien 3 pha. Khi nen dugc lam mat bang quat. May dugc bao hoc bdi nhung tarn each am, cung cac thiet bi phu trg do hang Atlas Copco cung cap

Cac thong so ve tram may nen khi GA-75FF (bang 3.1)Bang 3.1. Cac thong so cua may nen khi GA-75FF

STT Cac thong so co ban Gia tri Don vi

Loai may May nen true vit 1 cap

Luu lugng xa 798 nr/h

Do lam on

Ap suat Idn nhat 9,75 bar

6 Ap suat lam viec thuc te 9,5 bar

7 Cong suat dau vao 94,4 kW

8 Dong co dien 75 kW

9 Nhiet do Ion nhdt cho phep cua 25khi ra khoi van ra

10 Diem suong 4

11 Nhiet do Idn nhat cua khi nap 40 °C

12 So gid lam viec 31482 (h) gid13 Kich thude 2000x850x200 mm

14 Khoi lugng 1600

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15 Dong co dan dong ABB kieu M2A SMC 250SIEMENS 1LA6 258-2

16 So vong quay cua true chu dong 2975 v/ph

17 Luu luong dau 29,5 lit

18 Loai dau sir dung ISO UG 68/65

19 Khop noi Banh rang

20 Bp truyen trung gian Cap banh rang an khop

21 Gia tri dat van an loan cua binh bartach

22 Ap suat lam viec be nhat bar

23 Chat lam mat Lam mat bang khong khi R404a

Khoi luong chat lam lanh

24 Chi so do nhdt be nhat

25 Dien ap 380/3/50 V/pha/Hz

3.1.1.1. Bo tri chungTram may nen khl GA dupe lap dat trong khoang than vo each am va each

nhiet chac chan. May nen khi dupe dieu khien bbi bp dieu khien kieu Elektronikon ® ciia hang Atlas Copco. Bp dieu khien dien tu nay dupe lap vao canh cua mat trude. Bp dieu khien Elektronikon ® giup lam giam su tieu hao nang luong dien, no clio phep ngudi dieu khien de dang lap trinh va theo doi, kiem soat sir van hanh ciia may nen khi. Tren bang dieu khien, a mat trude, co: nut khdi dong; nut tat, va nut dung khan cap. Khoang dien co chua bp khdi dong motor dupe dat phia sau bang dieu khien nay.

Tram may nen khi con dupe trang bi them mot he thong xa condensate (chat long ngung tu trong qua trinh lam mat khi nen) tvr dong.

So do may nen khi GA-75FF (Flinh 3.1).

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Hinh 3.2. Hinh dang chung ciia tram GA-75 FF.

-El : Module dieu khien- 1 ; Van dan ra cua khi nen.- 2 : Dan vao cap dien- 3 : Duong xa condensate tu dong cua thiet bi tach dau boi tron.- 4 : Van xa nude bang tay.

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51041F

Hinh 3.3. Mat tnrac cua may GA -75 FF.

El: Module dieu khien S3: Nut dung khan cap

I : Quat lam mat 2 : Dong co quat3 : Buong dien 4 : Dong codien dan dong5 : Bp phan tach dau (OSD) 6 : Phin loc khi

7 : Nut bit 16 rot dau boi tron 8 : Binh gom khi nen9 : Ca can hien thi muc dau boi tron 10 : Cac phin loc ddu boi tronII : Bo phan lam lanh khi nen

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Hinh 3.4. Mat sau cua may GA -75 FF1 : Van dau ra cua khi nen2 : Phin loc kieu DD hoac PD 3 : Thi8t bj lam kho khi (GA-FF)4 : Dong ca quat5 : Quat lam mat 6 : Bp phan lam mat dau boi tron7 : Cac phin loc dau boi tran 8 : Van nap/ngat tai

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9 : May nen khi 10 : Van ngirpc11 : Van ngat duang dau boi tron12 : Mui ten chi chieu quay dong co13 : Dong co dien dan dong14 : Duong xa condensate tu dong 15 : Duong xa condensate bang tay16 : Bay tach condensate

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3.1.2. Cac bo phan co ban ciia tram may nen khf GA-75FF3.1.2.1, Khung, san lip rap va vo bao ve each am, each nhiet

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Hinh 3.5. Khung san tram GA-75.

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Do an tot nghiep

(2) (3)COrffiESSOR DRYER

COOLING AIR COOLING fl!ROUTLET OUTLET

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c; r

(5)COOLING HIRWIT

REHOVHftE H.l{UK

CENTRE OF GR0VIJY (1)WITH DRYER(14) (15)

HBOO

600

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VCIOtTS In hg Toil included) : : 20 Vg

31 Lap: Thiet hi ddu khi K50

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Hinh 3.6. Kich thude khung vo bao ve tram GA-75.

- San co sd : de lap dat 2 to hop tram may nen khi GA-75 FF, San co so dupe che tao bang phuong phap ban, vdi cac dam chin lire chinh la thep U - N" 20, mat san la thep tarn, day 8mm, San ca sd co kich thirdc: Rong x Dai x Cao = 2600 x 4300 x210.

- Khung lap rap: duoc che tao bang phuong phap han, tu cac thanh thep hinh.

Kich thude cua chiing duoc the hien tren hinh (3.5). Tong cac kich thude khung

bao: Rong x Dai x Cao - 1027,5 x 2055 x 1948,5.- V6 bao ve each am, each nhiet; bao gom cac tam panel each nhiet rieng le,

dupe lap bao ngoai va lien ket vdi khung lap rap bang cac khdp ngam, co the thao lap de dang de phuc vu cho cong tac bao dudng sua chua.3.1.2.2. Dong co' dien dan dong

- 6020: Hop truyen- 4045: Khdp ndi kieu vanh rang

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- 4040: Khdp noi memMay nen khi dugc dan dong bang dong co dien xoay chieu 3 pha dien ap

380^400V, cdng suat 75kw, Dong co dirge bat chat vdi khung san nhd bu long thong qua dem cao su chong rung va cac vanh dem chong tu thao. Tren true dong co va hop truyen dong 1^6020 may nen khi co lap mat bich khdp noi kieu vanh rang .NMO43 & l^3O23 va dugc co dinh bdi then va vft Chung lien ket, truyen dong vdi nhau thong qua bo khdp noi mem (Flex.coupling) JVM040. Mat bich nap dau dong co dien cd 8 16 de lap bulong lien ket vdi phan mat bich nap dau than vo hop truyen dong Ns6020 cua may nen khi.3.1.2.3. May nen khi -Air compressor element

SI is sue

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Hinh 3.8. May nen khi true vit.

- 3020 : Than may - 5045 : Then- 6020 : Hop tmyen dong - 5050 : Dem- 4020 : Banh rang - 5055 : Bulong- 5065 : Vong bi - 5025 : Gioang trong-5110 : Vong bi - 5020 : Ong lot- 5120 : Phot lam km - 5030 : Mat chan- 5070 : Mat chan - 5035 : Bulong

- 5115 ; Mat chan - 5105 : Bulong- 5075 : Bulong - 5095 : Ch6t dinh vi- 5140 : Bulong - 5100 : Gioang lam kin- 4025 : Banh rang bi dong - 5040 : Ong lot- May nen khi Ne3020-Service stage gom co 2 true vit dugc lap trong than

may, true chu dong nhan tmyen dong tu dong co dien qua bo khdp noi mem thong qua true chu dong cd banh rang 2^4O2O - Gear wheel cua hop tmyen dong JY'*6020 -Gear casing. Banh rang chu dong Ns4020 - Gear wheel dugc che tao lien true lap trong hop tmyen dong Ns6020-Gear casing nhd 2 vong bi do Ns5065 - Roller bearing & Ns5110 - Bearing va cac gioang phot lam kin Ns5120 - Lipseal kit dugc ep bdi cac mat chan Ks5070-Cover & Ns5115-Retainer nhd bu long 6c vit hfs5075-Hexagon bolt & Ns5140 - Cap screw. Banh rang bi dong Ns4025 - Gear wheel lap tren true vit cua may nen khi dugc giu bdi then JTe5045-Key, dem N°5050-Spacer va bu long hfc5055-Hexagon bolt, true dugc lam kin bang joang iron Ne5025 - O ring va co cac ong lot JTe5020 & JT25040 - Bushing dugc cp bdi mat chan h!°5O3O-Cover nhd 3 bu long JV25035 - Hexagon bolt.

- Than may nen khi JV23 0 20 - Service stage lap vdi hop tmyen dong JV26020-Gear casing nhd 16 bu long JNTe5105 - Hexagon bolt va 2 chdt dinh vi JV25095 -Parallel pin , giua chung cd joang lam kin JVfe5100 - Gasket. Tren than may phia tren cd cua khong khi vao dugc khoan 4 16 de lap cum ca cau van nap, ngat tai. Phia dudi cd hop van ngugc lap tren dudng khi ra.3.1.2.4. Phin loc khi dau vao va van nap - ngat tai

- Phin Igc khi gom cd loi loc bang giay N2 4030 - Filter element lap trong vd nhua , vd nhua dugc chia lam hai nua lap vdi nhau bang mdc khda de de dang thao lap khi thay loi phin loc, Phin loc JT2 4020 - Air filter dugc noi vdi cua vao cua van nap- ngat tai Ne 2025 - Unloader bang ong noi cong N°3040 - Elbow va dugc giu chat bang cac kha mut N2 2060 & JVe 3045 - Hose clip. Tren ong noi cong cd lap

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thiet bi chi bao BDKT Ns 2045 - Indicator - JVs 2050 - Sintered disk & Ns 2055 -Flatgasket, Phin loc duac gin co dmh bang dai kep hfe 4025 - Support.

2050

Hinh 3.9. Phin loc khi dau vao va van nap - ngat tai.

- 4030: Loi loc bang giay-4020: Phin loc- 2025: Van ngat tai- 3040: 6ng noi cong- 2060: Kha mut- 2045: Thiet bi chi bao bao drrong ky thuat

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- 4025: Dai kep

3.1.2.5. Bo khdp noi truyen dong - Coupling

Hinh 3.10. Bp khop noi truyen dong.- 4045: Phan niia khop noi - 4040: Dan true khdp noi mem- 6020: Hop truyen dong - 3035: Then- 4046: Vit ham - 3025: Phan mra khop noi 2- 3040: Then - 3026: 6c vitCac tram may nen khi GA-55,75 thudng su dung 2 kieu khdp noi truyen dong

nhir 2 nhanh tren hinh ve 3,10.• Kieu 1: (Nhanh phai) - Bo khdp noi, su dung bp khdp noi mem dang rang

(khdp noi co rang hinh thang). Bp khdp noi gdm cd 3 thanh phan co ban sau day:- Phan mra khdp noi JNM045-Coupling half lam bang thep lap tren true dong

co dien dupe giu chat bang then va vit ham JVe4046-Screw. Mat ngoai ciia khdp cd dang hinh trii bac, phan nhd cd dang rang ngoai lap vao dau true khdp noi mem N'>4040-Coupling element lam bang cao su cd dang rang trong.

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- Phan niia khbp nbi thu hai N°3025 - Coupling half- lap tren true chu dong cua hop tmyen dong Ne6020 - Gear casing, bang then Ns3040 - Parallel key va dupe gift chat bang bu long JVe3035 - Hexagon bolt, be vit N23026-Screw. Mat ngoai cua khbp cb dang hinh tru bac, phan nhb cb rang ngoai lap vao true khbp nbi mem cb dang rang trong.

- Chi tiet tmyen dong trung gian .NMtMO-Coupling element- lam bang cao su, dang hlnh tru, a gitra cb dubng kinh nhb hon, a hai phia dau dubng kinh Ion hon cb dang rang ngoai. Chi tiet nay cb 2 vanh rang ngoai va phan rang ben trong, an khbp vbi cac nua khbp nbi chu dong Ns4045 - Coupling half - va bi dong Xs3025 -Coupling half.

• Kieu 2; (Nhanh trai)- Bo khbp nbi nay cung gbm cb 3 thanh phan co ban la nua khbp nbi chu dong JV24045 - Coupling half va nua khbp nbi bi dong JV23025 -Coupling half. Cac chi tiet tmyen dong tmng gian gbm 8 chbt cao su chiu luc M>4040 - Coupling dement. Loai khbp nbi dang nay thubng dupe lap cho tram may nen khi GA-75(W) - 7.5.3.1.2.6. Binh gom - tach dau bbi tron - Air receiver/oil separator

Hinh3.11. Binh gom tach dau bbi tron.1 - Cac phin loc dau bbi tron. 3- Nut bit lb rot dau bbi tron.2- Phin loc khi 4- Bu long giu phin loc khi

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5- Bu long gin binh gom khi nen 6- Nut xa dau7- Co cau hien thi muc dau boi trom 8- Van an toan9- Binh gom tach dau boi tron

- Binh gom tach dau boi tron Ne 4045 - Vessel co dang hinh tru che tao bang thep chiu ap luc, dupe bat vdi san bang cac bu long JSTe 1110- Hexagon bolt, ong lot JVel 105 - Antivibration pad, va dem cao su Ne 4070 - Plug de chong rung.

- Trong binh duoc lap phin loc tach dau JVe 1090-Oil sep element, phin loc duoc bao boi ong thep Ns 1205 - Shield de chong dong khi tu may nen thdi true tiep vao phin. Phia tren binh co nap chan Vs 4020 - Valve housing duoc lam kin bang 2 gioang cao su chiu nhiet Ne 4030 - Oring va duoc lap vdi vo binh bang 8 bulong JNe4025 - Hexagon bolt, tren nap nay dupe lap van ap suat cue tieu va dudng khi sach tdi ket lam mat. Tren than binh dudng khi tdi Ne 2020 - hfc 2045 & JNe 2055 -Pipe dupe lap theo phuong tiep tuyen vdi dudng sinh cua binh, cd tac dung tach dau tot hon, dudng ong nay tu may nen den binh dupe lam kin bang joang cao su Ns2025 & .Me 2060 - O ring nhd cac bu long JVe 2030 & 2065 - Hexagon bolt vachung noi vdi nhau bang cac kha mut kep Ne 2040 & 2050-Joint set. Tren thanbinh con cd lap cac bp phan nhu: Co cau hien thi muc dau boi tron 1100 - Levelgauge, van an toan hfc 3025 - Safety valve, nut bit Id rot dau boi tron Na 4050 -Plug, nut xa dau 4060 - Hexagon plug ...

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Hinh 3.12. Cac phan tu va lap rap binh gom - tach dau boi Iron.

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3.1.2.7. Cac phin loc dau boi Iron

Hinh 3.13. Binh gom - tach va cac phin loc dau boi Iron.

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Hinh 3.14. Cac phan tir loc ddu boi tron

OUT

Hinh 3.15. Cac kieu phin loc dau boi tron thong dung.

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3.1.2.8. Bo phan lam mat khi nen va dau boi troll

Hinh 3.16. Gian tan nhiet (lam mat) dau boi tron va khi nen.

- 3020: Khoang lam mat dau - 1030 : Bulong- 1110 : Bo tach loc khi - 1020 : Dudng dug- 3031 : Khoang lam mat khi - 1025 : Gioang cao su- He thong lam mat gdm ket lam mat vdi hai khoang rieng biet, mot khoang

lam mat dau N°3020 - Oilcooler, mot khoang lam mat khi N°3031 - Aftercooler va quat gid ddi vai may nen lam mat bang khi. Hai khoang lam mat dau JV23020 -Oilcooler va lam mat khi JVe3031 - Aftercooler co the duqc che tao rieng biet hoac dirge lien ket (bang phirang phap han nhom) lai thanh mot khoi gpi Combicooler.

- May nen khi lam mat bang mrac co he thong lam mat bang nude. Nude chay qua ong cap, he thong dng cua bo phan lam mat bang khi, dau rdi ra ngoai. Va dudng ong Ns 1020 - Pipe dugc ndi vdi nhau bang kha mut kep, dudng ong nay mot dau lap vdi ket lam mat khi JVs 3031 - Aftercooler, mot dau lap vdi bo tach loc cua khi nen JVa 1110 - Water separator bang bu long JVe 1030-Hexagon bolt va dugc lam

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kin bang gioang cao su Nel025 - O ring. Bo phan nay dupe trang bi mot van xa mrac tu dong, va mot van xa bang tay.3.1.2.9. Thiet bi lam kho khi nen (Air dryer)

Hinh 3.17. Bp phan lam kho khi nen.- He thong nay dupe lap tren duemg ra JVki 1015 & JVTn 1045 - Pipe cua khi nen

may nen khi, sau khi khi da dupe lam mat. Bp phan lam kho khi nen Ns 1070-Airdryer (he thong say) cua may nen khi Ga-75 thudng su dung la loai ID - 230 do hang Atlas Copco cung cap. Chung thuc chat la mot may lanh su dung chat lam lanh loai R-134 hoac R-404. Tai day khi nen dupe gian lanh cua he thong say khi lam lanh den diem suong khoang 1 ° 5 C, de cac phan tu chat long (hoi mrac, dau hoi tran...) gpi chung la condensate trong khi nen ngung tu thanh cac gipt, dupe tach khoi khi nen va qua bp xa condensate tu dong (hoac co cau xa bang tay) di ra ngoai. Con lai khi kho dupe dua tdi binh chua.

- Bp phan lam kho khi nen gom: Mot may nen ga; quat lam mat; dan ngung tu (dan nong); dan lanh (dan bay hoi); binh gom; phin loc kieu kho; van bypass dudng

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gas ndng; ong mao dan(zicler); rale bao ve ap suat cao; chuyen mach dieu khien quat may lanh ...3.1.2.10. Cac phin loc - tach condensate va he thong xa condensate tu* dong

- He thong tach va xa condensate tit dong:

Hinh 3.18. He thong xa condensate thong dung chuan.- 1020: Binh tach condensate- 1075: Dudng xa condensate- 1095: Dirdng xa condensate tu dong- 1075: Thiet bi xa condensate kieu dien tut- Tren dudng khl nen di ra cua bo Air-Dryer co lap mot binh tach condensate

Nel020, vdi 2 dudng xa condensate (loai mem-plastic tube) Ns 1075 - dudng xa condensate bang tay- va Nl> 1095-dudng xa condensate tu dong - dugc noi vdi thiet bi xa condensate kieu dien tu (Ewd 330-230V) iNbl 075.

- Tren cac tram may nen khi GA-75, ngoai he thong tach va xa condensate tu dong lap cimg vdi bo Air-Dryer TD-230, tren cac dudng van chuyen khi nen noi tit cac may nen khi den binh chua hoac tu binh chua den cac thiet bi tieu thu, ngudi ta con lap dat tren moi nhanh 2 phin loc condensate {trudc va sau) loai DD/PD 400 de

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lam sach not nhung phan hi chat long (condensate) ngirng tu con sot lai trong thanh phan cua khi nen.

Hinh 3.19. Cac kieu phin loc va tach condensate cua hang Atlas Copco3.1.2.11. Cac dudng ong noi, van chan, van (lieu chinh ap suat fgiam ap) va binh chiia khi nen

- Cac dudng ong van chuyen khi nen tu cac may nen khi den binh chua hoac tu binh chua den cum phan dong cung cap den cac thiet bi tieu thu deu la cac ong thep khong ri loai 3" - Sch 60. Cac dudng ong xa condensate cung la thep khdng ri loai ]/2”-Sch 20. Chung dugc ga lap tren cac gia dd chac chan de chong rung, giat.

- Cac van chan tren dudng van chuyen khi nen tu cac may nen khi den binh chua hoac tu binh chua den cum phan dong deu la van cau loai 3" - Class 300, dugc

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che tao bang thep khong ri. Ngoai ra, tren mot nhanh ndi vdi dudng ep nude ky thuat cua cum phan dong con dirge lap van ngirge 3" - Class 300 de chdng sir xam nhap cua chat long (nude) ve blnh chua khi nen,

- Van dieu chinh ap suat: cd edng dung giu ap suat dirge dieu chinh khong doi, mac dau cd sir thay doi bat thudng cua tai trgng lam vice cua phia dudng ra hoac sir dao dong cua ap suat a dudng vao van. Nguyen tac boat dong ciia van dieu chinh ap suat (hinh 3.20). Khi dieu chinh true vit. tuc la dieu chinh vi tri cua dia van, trong trudng hgp ap suat d dudng ra tang len so vdi ap suat dugc dieu chinh, khi nen se qua Id thong tac dong len mang, vi tri kim van thay doi, khi nen qua Id xa khi ra ngoai. Cho den chung nao ap suat d dudng ra giam xudng bang ap suat dugc dieu chinh ban dau, thi vi tri cua kim van trd ve vi tri ban dau. Tren 2 nhanh dudng dng cua cum phan dong cd lap 2 van nay de dieu chinh ap lire khi nen d inuc phu hgp vdi thiet bi tieu thu, nhat la dudng dng cung cap khi nen cho he thong van chuyen xi-mang d BM-18,

- Blnh chua khi nen: Dung tich chua la 3m3, ap suat lam viec theo thiet ke la 175 psi (12 bar), nhiet do lam viec Idn nhat theo thiet ke la 75°C.

Dia i‘an

Hinh 3.20. Nguyen ly boat dong cua van dieu chinh ap suat va ky hieu.3.1.2.12. Bo dieu khien Elektronikon II

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Hinh 3.21. Bang dieu khien tram may nen khi GA-75FFBang 3.2. Chute nang cua cac nut tren bang dieu khien tram may nen khi GA-75FFNut Ten goi

Nut tat

Nut khcri dong

Man hinhPhim chuyen len xuongPhim tao bang

Den LED bao nguonDen LED canh bao chung

Den LED bao che do van hanh tu dongCac phim chuc nang FI, F2, F3

10 Canh baoTi Van hanh tu dongT2 Dien ap nguon

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Chiic nangAn nut nay dc dirng MNK, luc do den LED 8 se tat MNK se dung sau 30s.An nut nay de chay MNK, luc nay den LED 8 sang bao hieu may 6 che do lam viec tu dong va chi tat sau khi che do ngat tai bang tay.Hien tin cac thong bao ve trang thai van hanh cua MNK Dung de chuyen dich theo chieu doc de hien thi cac thong so trang thai lam viec cua he thong.Dung de lua chon cac thong so kt theo chieu mui ten nam ngang. Chi nhung thong so co chieu mui ten huong sang phai moi co the truy cap de thay doi.Bao hieu nguon dien a he thong. Den sang la dang dirac cap dien.Khi den sang la co su canh bao ve cong tac BDKT hoac 1 bp phan cam bien nao do true trac, tinh trang shut -down can phai giai tm.Bao hieu bo dieu khien dang tu dong. MNK dang chay co tai, khong tai, dirng hoac khai dong lai can cu tren mire tieu thu khi va cac gidi han da dupe xac lap.Cac phim dieu khien va lap chucmg trinh boat dong cho he thong MNK.

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S3 Nut dung khan capDung de dung MNK ngay lap tire khi co su co. Khi dakhac phuc hu hong md nut nay bang each keo no ra

Bp dieu khien Elektronikon II dupe lap dat d tdm panel phla tren, ben phai ciia mat trude tram may nen khi GA-75 FF, lam nhiem cac nhiem vu sau;

- Tu dong dieu khien may nen- Bp dieu khien duy tri ap suat cua he thong nam trong pham vi ap suat da

dupe cai dat trude bang each tu dong cho may nen khi nap tai hoac ngat tai.• Mot so thong so cai dat cho may nen khi nhu ap suat nap tai, ap suat ngat

tai, thdi gian ngung may tdi thieu va so lan khdi dong tdi da cua dong co chinh la nhung thong so co ban ciia may nen.

• Bp dieu khien se dirng may de giam su tieu hao nang lupng dien va se hr dong khdi dong lai khi ap suat cua he thong giam den gia tri ap suat can mang tai. Trong trudng hop thdi gian chay khdng tai qua ngan, may se chay lien tuc.

- Bao ve may nen khi

• Neu nhiet dp khi ra ciia nen vuot qua nhiet dp cho phep (da dupe cai dat), may nen khi se ngirng boat dong. Su co nay dupe hien tren man hinh. May nen cung ngung boat dong khi Motor chinh Ml hay Motor quat M2 bi qua tai.

• Neu nhiet dp khi ra cua cum nen vupt qua gia tri cai dat nhung thap hon gia tri ngung may, dieu nay se dupe hien de canh bao cho ngudi van hanh trude khi nhiet dp len tdi gia tri ngung may.

- Theo doi cac bp phan chinh cua cac may de phuc vu che dp bao tri

• Bp dieu khien lien tuc theo doi gia lam vice ciia may de doi chieu vdi tudi thp cua dau boi tron, Ipc dau, bp tach nhdt, loc gio... nhung thong so nay se dupe doi chieu vdi cac gia tri da dupe cai dat, neu chung vupt qua gidi han, tren man hinh se hien thi thong bao cho ngudi van hanh phai bao tri, thay the nhung bp phan dupe chi dinh.3.1.2.13. He thfing dien

Gom hop ngudn co 2 aptomat rieng biet cho mdi may, dupe lap dat tren khung gia do, tren cung san edng tac vdi 2 may nen khi va buong dien - Start cubiccle -nam d panel phia tren, ben phai ciia mat sau tram may nen khi GA-75FF. Hop ngudn ciia tram may nen khi dupe cap dien tit ludi dien 3 phase- 380V/ 50 Hz tren gian thong cac dudng cap dan.

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3.2, Nguyen ly lam viec3.2.1. So' do nguyen ly tram may nen khi GA-75 FF

Sa do nguyen ly tram GA75-FF (Hlnh 3.22),

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3.2,2. Nguyen ly lam viec3.2.2.1. He thong khi' nen

* Mach luu thong ciia khi nen: Khi may nen khi E lam viec, khong khi tit mdi trudng dirge hut vao qua phin Igc khi AF, md van dudng vao IV, vao may nen khi va dirge nen lai. Khi nen va dau boi tron tir may nen khi qua van ngirgc CV vao binh gom-tach dau boi tron AR. C> day, khi nen dirge tach ra, di qua phin Igc OS, qua van ap suat cue tieu Vp vao khoang tan nhiet Ca va dugc lam mat mot phan trude khi di vao khoang lam khd khi 9, Con dau boi tron dugc phin Igc OS giu lai va dugc gom a phan dudi binh tach AR. Khi nen,sau khi dugc lam lanh va tach condensate (chat long lan trong khi nen) a khoang 9, qua cua AO di vao binh chua va dugc phan phoi den cac thiet bi tieu thu.

Van ngugc CV co tac dung ngan su thoi ngugc ciia khi nen khi may nen khi dirng.

Van ap suat cue tieu Vp, ket cau giong van ngugc,cd tac dung giu cho ap suat trong binh tach khong tut xuong thap hem muc ap suat cue tieu dinh trude va ngan su hoi ngugc trd lai ciia khi nen.

* Co cau nap, ngat tai cua may nen khi:- Ngat tai: Neu lugng khi tieu thu nho hon lugng khi dugc san xuat tren dudng

ra ciia MNK thi ap suat tren dudng ra se tang len. Khi ap suat nay dat tdi ap suat ngat tai, van dien tir (kieu cuon day) Y1 ngat su tac dong ciia tir luc (do tac dong ciia ap luc khi lam ngat dien cuon day cua Yl, lam mat tir luc). Piston ciia van dien tir Y1 bi day trd lai do luc Id xo, md thong khoang chita khi dieu khien vdi khi trdi. Luc nay, ap luc dieu khien trong khoang piston van nap tai LP va van ngat tai UV giam xuong do ding dugc thong vdi khi trdi. Piston van nap tai LP, nhd tac dung ciia Id xo, bi day len tren, keo van dudng vao IV dong lai, ngan khong cho khong khi di vao may nen khi. May nen khi se chay d che do khong tai va san lugng khi d dau ra = 0. Khi dieu khien tit binh tach AR qua dng mem 1 dugc don het ve co cau ngat tai UA thong vdi khoang trude cira hut ciia may nen khi. Vi vay, ap luc khi dieu khien dugc duy tri can bang d mire thap trong sudt qua trinh ngat tai.

- Nap tai: Khi ap suat tren dudng ra cua may nen khi glam xuong den muc ap suat nap tai da dinh (theo chuong trinh da cai dat), cuon day cua van dien tir Yl se dugc dong cap dien, lam xuat hien tir luc, ngugc hudng luc tac dung ciia 16 xo, day piston len, dong cira thong vdi khi trdi, dong thdi md khi dieu khien tit binh tach AR di vao van nap tai LP va van ngat tai UV. Van ngat tai UV dong dudng khi dieu khien ve co cau ngat tai UA. Piston van nap tai LP bi day xuong,do apluc khi dieu

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khien, lam mo van dudng vao IV, cung cap khi cho may nen khl. No se lam viec a che dp co tai va khi nen tren dudng ra se tiep tuc dupe cung cap.

- He thong boi tronBan dau, can phai co mot lupng dau boi tron nhat djnh trong may nen khi va

trong binh tach AR. Muc dau boi tron trong binh dupe chi bao boi co cau kiem tra muc GL. Lupng dau trong binh tach phai nam trong gidi han chi bao tur vach co mau xanh la cay den cac vach co man cam. Khi co cau kiem tra muc chi bao d vung co mau do la gidi han canh bao nguy hiem, he thong dang thieu dau boi tron.

Khi may nen khi lam viec d che dp co tai (Load), dau boi tron tron lan khi nen qua van ngupc CV, di vao binh tach AR. Tai day, mot phan Ion cac phan tit dau boi tron trong hon hop dau khi dupe tach ra nhd luc ly tarn va trong luc. Phan con lai cua dau boi tron dupe phan tach not nhd bp Ipc OS cua phin loc trong binh tach. Chung dupe gom lai d phan dudi cua binh tach, Nhd ap luc khi nen, dau boi tron tu binh tach AR di qua cac phin loc dau OF va van chan Vs den may nen khi E de boi tron cho cac bp phan. Van chan Vs chi dupe md nhd ap luc khi nen tren duong ep khi may nen khi lam viec. Khi may nen khi ngung lam viec van chan Vs dong lai, ngan khdng cho dau boi tron tu binh tach hoi ve trim ngap may nen khi.

Co mot lupng rat nhd dau boi tron co the lot qua cac phan tu loc, lang dong d phan day bp loc OS va dupe dan qua duong thu hoi dau dong 12 ve may nen khi, cung nhd ap luc khi nen trong binh tach.

Mot phan dau boi tron tu binh tach AR con dupe dan den khoang lam mat dau Co. Khi nhiet dp dau boi tron thap hon 40°C van bypass BV dong lai, chan duong dau tu khoang lam mat Co ve. Van bypass BV chi md ra khi nhiet dp dau boi tron cua he thong tang den 40°C, de bd sung lupng dau da dupe lam ngupi d Co, nham giam nhiet dp cho dau boi tron. Khi nhiet dp dau tang den xap xi 55°C thi van bypass se dong chan dudng dau tu binh tach AR den thang OF, bude toan bp dau boi tron phai di qua khoang lam mat Co de dupe lam ngupi.3.2.2,2. He thong lam mat

Cac tram may nen khi kieu GA55 - GA90CW ciia hang ATLAS COPCO co 2 dang lam mat; lam mat bang khdng khi va lam mat bang nude (cd ky hieu chu W).

- Lam mat bang nude: Khi nen va dau boi tron dupe dan qua khoang nude lam mat trong cac dudng dng phu rieng biet, de lam mat. Khoang nude lam mat cd cac dudng dng cap va thoat cho nude luu thong. Ngoai ra chung con dupe lap dat cac co cau bao ve.

- Lam mat bang khdng khi: Nhu ddi vdi kieu GA75-FF, he thong lam mat bao gdm cac khoang lam mat khi nen Ca va khoang lam mat dau boi tron Co doc lap.

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Khong khi lam mat dirge cung cap bdi quat gio FN. Quat gio FN dirge dan dong bang dong ca dien M4, bo tri nhir so do nguyen ly (hinh 3.22).3.2.2J. Fie thong lam kho khi

Khi nen sau khi di qua khoang lam mat Ca, dirge lam ngugi mot phan d day. Sau do, chung di vao khoang each ly 9. Tu khoang trao doi nhiet vdi khong khi (lanh) 4, khi nen dirge lam lanh dan va bat dau sg ngung tu hoi nude. Khi vao den khoang trao doi nhiet vdi dan lanh may lanh 5, khi nen dirge lam lanh tiep nhd sg bay hoi cua mdi chat lam lanh thu bdt nhiet cua chung. Tai day, khi nen dirge lam lanh den ngang nhiet do bay hoi cua mdi ch&t lam lanh. Hoi nude trong khi nen ngimg tu lai cang nhieu hon. Khi nen da dugc lam lanh tu 3 di qua binh tach condensate MTa (con ggi la bay condensate) va cac chat ngung tu (condensate) trong chung dirge tach ra. Condensate dirge xa tu dong qua co cau xa tu dong Dma hoac qua van xa condensate bang tay Daa.

Khi nen sau khi di qua khoang trao doi nhiet 4 van con hoi am. Chi sau khi di qua khoang trao doi nhiet vdi dan lanh may lanh 5 va binh tach condensate MTa mdi trd thanh khi lanh va kho. Tuy nhien, chung van con tiep tuc dugc tach va xa condensate d ben ngoai tai binh ap luc dura khi nen va cac phin loc-tach condensate thong qua cac co cau xa hr dong.3.2.2.4. He thong lam may lanh

He thong may lanh co nhiem vu lam kho khi nen, bao gom; quat gio FN2 dugc dan dong bdi dong co dien M2; may nen khi lanh Ml; dan ngung tu (dan ndng);dan lanh (dan bay hoi); binh gom 2; phin loc kieu kho 3; van bypass dudng gas nong 1; dng mao dan (zicler) 7; role bao ve ap suat cao S3; chuyen mach dieu khien quat may lanh S2...

May nen khi lanh Ml co nhiem vu nen chat lam lanh dang gas ndng den ap suat cao, chuyen chung qua dan ngung tu (dan nong) 8 va d do chung dugc quat gio FN2 lam mat de co the ngung tu a muc cao nhat thanh moi chat lam lanh dang long. Sau do, chat lam lanh (dang long) di qua phin loc kieu kho 3 den ong mao dan 7. Moi chat lam lanh di qua ong mao dan 7 d ap suat bay hoi. Sg bay hoi nay ciia moi chat lam lanh ket thuc d dan lanh trong khoang trao doi nhiet 5. (3 do, khi bay hoi, chung thu nhiet cua khi nen cho den khi ap suat hoi bao hoa.

Phan moi chat lam lanh da hap thu nhiet d dan lanh dugc may nen khi Ml hut ve thanh mot vdng tuan hoan.

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CHlTONG 4QUY TRINH LAP DAT, VAN HANH,BAO DlTONG VA StTA CHtrA

MAY NEN KHI GA75-FF4.1. Quy trinh lap flat

Cac de xuat thong gio

Hinh 4.1. Sa do lap dat va cac de xuat lap dat

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8 L-NSooe

80 110

Hinh 4.2. Sa d6 ISp dat tram GA-75FF tai BM-7B tren MSP-8

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Qua trinh lap dat co anh hudng rat Idn den chat luong lam viec ciia tram may nen khi. Lap dat hap ly lam cho may nen boat dong tot, giam dirge do rung, tang tudi tho cho cac thiet bi, ket can cua tram, cung cap ngudn khi nen co chat luong cao cho he thong do ludng tu dong hoa va cac thiet bi, he thong tieu thu khac.

De dam bao an toan trong qua trinh lap dat, ta phai quan tarn den trong htong cung nhu cau tao, tinh nang cua thiet bi de co phuong an van chuyen thiet bi sao cho chiing duoc bao ve tot.

Can chon palang co tai trong tuong doi Ion phii hop vdi trong luong ciia cac thiet bi. Phai chon nhung vi tri thich hop de moc palang. Trong thiet ke nhung chi tiet cua tram nen nha thiet ke da tinh toan, che tao san nhung cho moc palang. Trong sudt qua trinh lap dat, chung ta chi su dung nhung diem moc da tao san de tranh hu hong co the xay ra doi vdi thiet bi trong qua trinh van chuyen va lap dat.

Khi chon vj tri lap dat cua tram nen can chu y den nhung yeu cau can thiet sau:- Vi tri ciia tram nen phai duoc bo tri d noi thoang mat, sach se, sao cho

khoang khong gian du de cung cap khi den phin loe dau vao ciia may nen va tan nhiet duoc tot.

- Neu vi tri lap dat phai a trong khu vuc co moi trudng khong khi khong duoc sach, co chua chat an mon, chat khoi bui thi chung ta co the ddi phin loc dau vao den mot vi tri khac co khong khi sach hon hoac ta co the dung them phin loc phu tro.

Nen mong de lap dat tram may nen khi phai dam bao do cung vung va su can bang. Sau khi khao sat ket cau dam chiu luc cua san dudi BM-7B, ket hop vdi cac dieu kien ve su thong thoang de dam bao su tan nhiet va khong gian can thiet cho edng tac bao duong stra chua thiet bj sau nay, ta co the lua chon duoc so do lap dat nhu da the hien d hinh ve 4.2- So do lap dat tram GA-75FF tai BM-7B tren MSP-8.

Tram may nen GA75-FF bao gom 2 cum:- Cum may nen khi.- Binh chua khi nen va cum phan phoi.Cum may nen va cum thiet bi say duoc lap dat tren khung gia chac chan va

duoc bao boc bdi nhung tam each am, Cho nen vice van chuyen may phai chuan bi palang cd tai trong Idn hon trong luong ciia may. Va nhung soi cap co tai trong Idn hon trong luong cua may, Phai tim nhung cho moc palang thich hop. Khi moc cap vao palang phai cd vdng cap mdc vao palang de tranh truot. Cung can nhung tam go va thanh go de chen may hoac chen vao cho day cap tiep xuc vdi may. Cung cd khi phai gia cd khung de dua may vao vi tri. Vi vi tri lap dat GA-75FF la block 7B nen

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cau KEG khong vdi tdi nen viec dua may vao vi trf phai het sue than trong de tranh mop meo khung cungnhu cac tarn each am va cac thiet bi khac. May nen khi true vit la loai may can bang dong, nen may khong ddi hoi mot nen mdng rieng, Ta chi can dung thude mtdc (lyvo) de can bang san tram nen va han cd dinh de tram nen vdi san bloc thong qua cac tarn ke bang thep cd kich thude 200x200x20 mm.

Trade khi van chuyen may can thao tach cac cum dieu khien ra. Vi vay khi hoan thanh edng viec lap dat phai lap no tren khung may nen. Khi lap cac he thong tu dong dac biet chu y den sir chuan xac va chac chan cac moi noi, day dan. Thiet bi phai cd day tiep dat. Sau khi ket thuc lap dat thiet bi noi vdi mach dien phai duqc noi dat.4.2. Quy trinh van hanh

Viec van hanh tram may nen khi GA-75FF, trong dieu kien binh thudng, can phai tuan thu theo cac quy trinh da de ra trong ban I-CK-E43, do phdng KTSX cua XNKTDK ban hanh. Tuy nhien, khi tram MNK loai nay mdi duqc lap dat va dua vao van hanh thu nghiem, can phai het sue luu y nhung van de sau day:4.2.1, Trirdc khi khiri dong

• May nen dupe lap dat va khdi dong lan dau tien- Cum nen va md to dupe cd dinh tren khung san trong sudt then gian van

chuyen. Chung ta phai thao cac dai dc va bu long mau do de cho no dao dong tren cac dem cao su,

- Kiem tra cac mdi noi dien va siet chat. Viec lap dat phai dupe ndi dat va bao ve chdng ngat mach bang cau chi trong cac pha. Mot edng tac rieng biet phai dupe lap dat gan may nen.

- Kiem tra dien d cac bien ap va cac thong so cai dat d ro le qua tai. Ro le qua tai phai dupe cai dat d che do tir dong cho quat gid.

- Gan van khi ra AV (hinh 3.22) dong van. Ndi he thong khi vao van.- Lap van xa tay Dma (hinh 3,22) dong van. Ndi van den he thong xa nude

thai bang dng mem.- Ndi van xa tu dong Daa (hinh 3.22) den he thong xa nude thai.- Neu may lam ngudi bang nude thi phai kiem tra dudng nude, van.- Kiem tra muc dau. Kim chi muc dau phai nam d vung mau xanh la cay hay

mau cam.- Lap cac tarn each am kern theo may. Va dan nhung nhan canh bao kem theo

may de cho ngudi van hanh biet.

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- Bat cong tac cung cap dien vao may. Neu den vang ciia ro le sang, bat may nen va tat ngay de kiem tra chieu quay cua mo to theo mui ten da ghi tren may,

- Kiem tra cac thong so da lap trinh tren may,- Khdi dong va van hanh may nen trong vai phut, Kiem tra may nen hoat dong

co binh thudng khdng,- May nen da hoat dong nhung do yeu cau san xuat thi;

Neu may nen khdng van hanh trong 06 thang thi bat budc phai cai thien dieu kien bdi tron bang each md cum van tai/ khdng tai UA (hinh 3.22) va rot vao cum nen 0,75 lit dau va lap trd lai. Dam bao tat ca cac mdi ndi phai chat.

- Kiem tra mure dau. Kim chi muc dau phai nam d vung mau xanh la cay hay mau cam.

- Kiem tra Ipc gid, neu ban phai ve sinh,- Neu mau do xuat hien d bp chi thi nghet Ipc thi phai thay mdi.

4.2.2. Khi khoi dongCan luu y ddi vdi may GA75FF. Bat cong tac dien 4 gid trude khi khdi dong

may de bp phan say cua may nen gas hoat dong.-Bat cong tac ngudn dien. Den LED (hinh 3.21) mau vang sang, mau tin

“Compressore Off’ xuat hien d man hinh.- Md van khi ra AV (hinh 3.22).- Dong van xa nude ngung to (Dma).- Bam nut I (hinh 3.21). May nen bat dau khdi dong va den (LED) mau xanh

sang len bao hieu may nen dang hoat dong d che dp to dong. 10 giay sau khi may nen khdi dong, md to may nen se chuyen tu sao sang tarn giac dong thdi may chay co tai. Tren man hinh mau tin thay ddi tu “Auto Unloaded” sang “Auto Loaded”.4.2.3. Kiem tra trong thdi gian may hoat dong

- Kiem tra muc dau trong luc may dang nap tai. Vach kim ciia dong hd bao phai nam d vung mau xanh la cay. Neu muc dau thap, bam nut ngung may (O) dpi may ngung han. Cat dien. Dong van khi dudng ra (AV). Giam ap suat he thong, bang each ndi nut chain dau (FC) mot vdng. Dpi vai phut va cham dau vao nut chain dau (FC) tran mieng nut cham dau va xiet chat lai.

- Neu bp chi thi Ipc gio bao mau do thi phai ngung may, cup dien va thay Ipc gid mdi (AF). Khu bo tin hieu chi bao bang each an vao nut ciia no.

- Neu den LED (hinh 3.21) mau xanh sang thi bp dieu khien dang dieu khien mach dien trong che dp tu dong nhu nap tai, ngung tai, ngung md to va hoat dong trd lai.

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4.2.4. Kiem tra man hinh bo dieu khien• Kiem tra cac gia tri va cac thong bao mot each deu dan. Binh thudng man

hinh chinh chi ap lire khi ra ciia may nen, tinh trang may nen va cac chu viet tat cua cac phim chuc nang nam dudi cua man hinh.

• Ludn kiem tra man hinh va sua dura cac su co neu den (LED) man do sang hoac chop.

• Man hinh se chi cac thong bao bao tri neu mot trong so cac bo phan phai dugc bao tri hoac thay the. Va cai dat lai thdi gian.

- Canh bao: trude khi thirc hien bat ky cong viec bao tri, sua chua, thay the deu phai ngirng may nen. Cat can dao dien. Xa ap suat he thong.

- Chu y:- Bat ky khi nao, mot mau tin ve canh bao, yen can bao tri, cam bien bi hu hay

mo to qua tai hien ra, khoang khong gian trong tren man hinh giira dudi nhitng phim chuc nang dugc dien bang dau hoa thi.

• Khi nhieu bo phan can bao tri den ciing mot luc thi thong bao se bao lan lugt 3 giay cho timg bo phan.

• Thudng xuyen bam nut “more” de doc nhung thong tin ve dieu kien lam viec thuc te cua may nen khi.

- Trang thai cua bo phan dieu khien may nen (tu dong, bang tay, cue bp hay tir xa).

- Trang thai ciiamaynen ve congtac, thdi gian khdi dong hay ngung may nen.- Ap luc khong tai cho phep Idn nhat.- Ap suat khi ra.- Chenh lech ap suat d bp phan tach nhdt.- Nhiet dp khi ra sau cum nen.- Nhiet dp ciia diem dong suong.- Tinh trang bao ve qua tai ciia mo to (binh thudng hay khong binh thudng).- Tong so gid chay va gid nap tai.

• Nhung die dp dieu khienBp dieu khien co hai edng tac (CMS1/CMS2) de chon nhung die dp dieu

khien sau (bang 4.1)

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Bang 4.1. Nhung che do dieu khien ciia may nenCMS1 CMS2 Che do cua may nen

0 0 - May nen khdng boat dong1 0 - May nen boat dong a che dp bang tay, may nen se kich

boat cac lenh khi ta an vao cac phlm d tren bp phan dieu khien (electronikon). Nhung lenh ngung may, khdi dong may thong qua chuc nang cong tac thdi gian. Dupe kich boat neu da dupe cai dat.

0 1 - May nen lam vice a che dp dieu khien tu xa. May se kichboat cac lenh tu cac cong tac ngoai tni. Cong tac ngung may khan cap van con boat dong. Killing lenh khdi ddng/ngung thong qua chuc nang cong tac thdi gian van con tiep tuc lam vide.

- Ddi vdi tnrdng hop khdi dong may tir xa, ndi mot cong tac bam khdi dong d xa (day la cong tac thudng md) giua dau ndi 30 va 31 va ndi mot cong tac bam ngung may d xa (day la cong tac thudng dong) giua dau ndi 30 va 32 cua cau ndi.

- Ndi tat cac dau ndi 30 va 34 trong trudng hop nay ap suat khi ra van bi kiem soat bdi cam bien ap suat (PT20). Nhung gia tri ap suat khdng tai va tai ciia may cai dat trong bp dieu khien (electronikon) neu dau ndi 30 va 34 khdng dupe ndi tat. May nen khi se ngung che do tai/khdng tai tir dong va duy tri che dp chay khdng tai.

- Doi vdi tnrdng hop tai/khdng tai tir xa (thong qua cong tac ap suat ngoai tni) ndi tat dau ndi 30 va 35 va ndi mot cong tac tai/ khdng tai giua dau ndi 30 va 34 nhung phu thude ap suat dong/md ciia cong tac ap suat ngoai tni.

1 1 - May nen dupe dieu khien thong qua bd giao tiep

• Che dp dieu khien bang tayBinh thudng may nen boat dong trong che dp tu dong, chang ban nhu che do tai/

khdng tai, ngirng may, khdi dong lai cua may nen deu hoan toan tu dong khi ay den (LED) man xanh sang.

Khi cd yeu cau thi may nen cd the chay khdng tai bang tay. Trong trudng hpp nay may nen khdng chay d che dp tu dong chang han nhu may nen se chay d che dp khdng tai, trir khi no dupe chuyen sang che dp tai bang tay trd lai.

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- Che do chay khong tai bang tay: Bam nut “Unload” den (LED) mau xanh, man tin “Manual Unloaded” xuat hien tren man hinh,

- Che do chay co tai bang tay; Bam plum “Load” den (LED) mau xanh van sang, lenh “Load” khong tac dung den may nen trong khi may nen dang d che do tai. Nhung no se kich boat cho may nen tu dong van hanh trd lai. Vi du nhu may nen se mang tai khi ap suat khl ra thap hon gia tri da dugc cai dat.

- Che do khdi dong bang tay: CS che do van hanh tu dong, bo dieu khien se gidi han so lan khdi dong ciia mo to. Neu may nen ngimg bang tay, no khong dugc khdi dong lai bang tay trong vdng 6 phut sau lan ngung may sau cung.4.2.5. Dirng may

- Bam nut “O” (hinh 3.21) den (LED) mau xanh tit, tren man hinh xuat hien mau tin “Program Stop” may nen se chay khong tai 30 giay va ngung han lai.

- De ngung may nen trong trudng hgp khan cap bam nut “S3” den (LED) mau do se chop nhay. Sau khi khac phuc xong sir cd thi nha niit “S3” bang each quay ngugc chieu kirn dong ho “S3” va bam nut reset “F3”. Trudc khi khdi dong lai man hinh chinh xuat hien mau tin “All Conditions are OK” (tat ca moi dieu kien dcu tot). Bam phim “Menu” va “Main”.

- Dong van khi ra (AV) va cat cau dao dien.- Md van xa nude ngung tu (Dma).

4.3. Bao dudng va sua chua4.3.1. Quy trinh ban duong

Trudc khi bao dudng. Bam nut ngung may “O” va dgi cho may ngung han (khoang 30 giay), cat dien. Dong van khi dau ra (AV) va xa ap suat ciia tram nen trd ve khong. Van khi ra cd the dugc khoa trong sudt thdi gian bao tri va sua chua nhu sau:

- Khoa van.- Thao con dc giu tay nam.- Khoa tay nam va xoay no cho den khi ranh ciia no lot vao mep khoa ciia than

van.- Khoa tay md bang each dung dc va ehia khoa dac biet.• Bao dudng md to chinh (Ml):

Lien he vdi kT su trudng dien de ho cd ke hoach bao dudng dong ca (theo sach hudng dan ciia hang).

• Thay dau va loc dau:Khoang thdi gian thay dau va loc dau tuy thude vao nhiet do cua mdi trudng va

che do lam viec, su d nhiem ciia mdi trudng.

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*t* Chu y: Dau boi tron su dung cho cac may nen khi true vit kieu GA-75FF cua hang ATLAS COPCO dugc khuyen nghi sir dung la loai Atlas Copco Roto-injectfluid. Chung thudng dugc chua trong cac can co dung ttch 20 lit {co so thu tu dat hang-Ordering number-la: 2901 0522 00) hoac cac thung phi co dung tich 209 lit (Ordering number; 2901 0522 01). Day la loai dau boi tran co chat lugng tot, chuyen dung cho cac may nen khl true vlt. Chung dam bao dieu kien lam viec tdi uu cho cac he thong cua may nen khl.

Ngoai ra, theo hudng dan cua ATLAS COPCO, cac loai dau khoang chat lugng cao, co chua cac phu gia uc che su dxy hoa, chong tao hot, chong mai mbn cung co the su dung dugc cho may nen khl true vit neu tuang ung vai nhiet do moi trudng va ISO 3448, chung phai dat cac chi tieu ve dp nhdt nhu sau:

- Khi nhiet do moi trudng Idn han 25°C: cap do nhdt: ISO VG 68; chi so do

nhdt nhd nhat: 95

- Nhiet do trong khoang tu 25°C d6n 0°C: dp dp nhdt: ISO VG 46; chi sd dp

nhdt nhd nhat: 95Can phai luu y: Trudc khi thay the dau boi tron Atlas Copco Roto-injectfluid

bang cac loai dau khoang khac can phai xa het dau cu, rua sach toan bp he thong va thay toan bp cac phan tu' Ipc dau boi tron.

• Npi dung bao dudng:

• Flang ngay;- Trade khi khdi dong;

+ Kiem tra miic dau. + Ve sinh Ipc gid.

- Trong thdi gian boat dong:+ Kiem tra cac thong so tren man hinh.

+ Kiem tra van xa tu dong xa nude sudt trong thdi gian nap tai. Kiem tra

muc dau (G1).+ Kiem tra bp bao bao tri cua Ipc khi (IV).

- Sau khi ngung may:+ Xa nude ngung tu (Dm) bang tay,

• Flang thang: Ve sinh may nen.

• Hang quy 3 thang:- Kiem tra van an toan (SV).

- Kiem tra man hinh .

- Kiem tra su rd ri neu co.- Kiem tra cac bp giai nhiet va lam sach (Ca, Co).

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- Thao kiem tra va ve sinh loc gib (AF).- Thao va lam sach van phao trong bb tach nubc (MTa).

• Flang nam:

- Mang van an toan (SV) den trung tarn kiem tra.- Kiem tra he thong dien.

- Kiem tra cac chuc nang bao ve may do qua nhiet.- Thay loc gio (AF) sau 4000 gio chay.

- Thay loc dau (OF) sau 4000 gib chay.- Thay loc tach dau (OS) sau 8000 gib chay.- Kiem tra va lam sach van tiet luu (Rf).

- Thay dau.

- Kiem tra dubng bng mem.

• Chu v:• Phai thuc hien thubng xuyen hem vbi mbi trubng day bui. Thay the nhung

phu tung hay bi hu hong.

• Phai su dung dung loc dau chinh hang (15 bar).

• Bat ky sir rb ri nao phai xu ly ngay de tranh mat dau.

• Thay dau cho may nen:- Van hanh cho may tbi khi nong. Bam nut “O” ngung may nen, dpi vai phut, cat

dien, dong van khi ra (AV) va giarn ap suat ciia may nen bang each mb tvr tir nut cham dau (FC) de ap lire trong he thong thoat ra.

- Thao be xa dau (VP) b tren bo lam ngubi nhbt, dpi khoang 5 phut xa nut (DP2) b van chan dan va chira dan trong thimg dung.

- Thao loc dau.- Lam sach nhung mat tiep xuc cua loc dau b phan dubng dau vao. Bbi dau

vao vbng dem cua loc dau mbi, do Vi lit dau vao loc dau mbi, xoay may vbng rbi lap

vao vi tri cu den khi vbng dem tiep xiic vbi mat tiep xuc. Xiet chat bang tay khoang14 vbng.

- Xa dau binh chua bang each xa nut xa dau (DPI) va (DP3). Sau khi da xa het dau, lam sach binh chua bang each dung khi khb sach thbi vao binh chua qua lb cham dau (FC).

- Xiet nut xa dau (DPI) va (DP3) lai, Cham dau vao binh chua cho den khi bang mieng nut cham dau (FC). Van chat niit cham dau (FC) va (VP) lai.

- Chay may nen khoang vai phut. Bam nut “O” ngung may nen va dpi vai phut de dau bn dinh. Giam ap suat cua he thong bang each nbi nut cham dau (FC) hr hr

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va do them dau cho den khi bang mieng nut chain dau (FC) va xiet chat nut cham dm (FC) lai.

- Cai dat lai thdi gian thay dau va loc dau.- Nhung phu tung bao duong va thay the:Nhung phu tung bao duong co san, giup ta giam tdi da thdi gian ngung may va

tan dung dupe cong suat cua may. Nhung phu timg chinh hang cua hang Atlas Copco lam cho chi phi bao duong thap.4.3.2. Cac sir co thirfrng gap va each kh&c phuc stra chua

Tram may nen khi GA-75FF sau khi dupe lap dat va dua vao su dung de cung cap nguon khi lam nguon nudi cho he thong do ludng tu dong hoa cua gian. Sau mot thdi gian boat dong co the xuat hien nhung su co nhat dinh. Chung ta can xac dinh chinh xac cac nguyen nhan gay hu hong, tit do dua ra phuong phap khac phuc hop ly, phuong phap sira chua phu hop. Voi dieu kien thiet bi may nen lam vice d moi trudng bien, nhiet dp va thdi tiet thay ddi theo ngay va theo mua. Nen da xay ra cac sit co thudng gap sau day:

- Nhiet dp moi trudng giam dpt ngpt, dp am cao, he thong loc tach nhdt loc khong dupe lupng hoi nude co trong khdng khi, dan den nude bi giu lai va pha huy cac thiet bi. Can tao cho khu vuc ludn dupe sach se, co vach che khdng cho hudng gid thdi vao mua gid chudng, dat che dp chenh lech ap suat bat dau nap tai va khi chay khdng tai mot khoang nhat dinh de nhiet dp dau ra cua khi nen ludn duy tri d nhiet dp cho phep trong khoang 70 - 78°C.

- Sensor do nhiet dp dau ra hay bi Idi bao nhiet dp dau ra thay ddi vdi mot gia tri khdng on dinh. Can bao duong hoac thay moi dau do nay,

- Doan dng ndi mem ndi khi duong ra cua may vdi he thong cua may de bi lao hda, vd. Can theo doi de thay mdi va cd bien phap khac phuc.

- Flang ngay can phai kiem tra muc hao hut cua dau, kiem tra su rd ri va ve sinh thiet bi.

- Luc bat dau kiem tra chay thu lan dau, can kiem tra dung chieu quay ciia dong co theo chieu mui ten tranh lam hu hong thiet bi.

- Can theo doi va xa condensat tai van xa bang tay tranh trudng hop he thong xa tu dong bi nghet,

- Sensor lay tin hieu ap suat tit binh chua de bi hong khi va cham, can theo ddi va cd bang khuyen cao.

- May lam vice hoan toan tit dong, can cd bang khuyen cao de phan cong trach nhiem nhung ngudi cd trach nhiem van hanh va bao duong may.

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- Bam nut may bat dau chay nhung khong cd tai (khong co ap suat) sau thdi gian da dupe cai dat.

-Van dien tir (Y1) bi hong; Can kiem tra va bao dudng kip thdi, neu khong lam viec thi can thay mdi,

- Van nap khi vao (TV) bi ket d vj trf dong: Do khi hau d bien am, thay ddi dot ngpt. Nen thudng xuyen kiem tra va ve sinh nhieu bon so vdi thdi gian cai dat cua may.

- Van ap luc tdi thieu bi rd ri (Vp) (khi he thong hoac giam ap suat so vdi ap suat tdi thieu da duoc cai dat): Kiem tra van, bao dudng va kiem tra be mat lam vice cua de van, su lam vice cua 16 xo.

- May nen boat dong nhung ap luc dudi muc binh thudng la do luong khi tieu thu qua nhieu, cd the la do dudng dug bi vd, loc gid dau vao bi nghet, van nap khi vao (IV) khong md hoan toan, loc tach dau bj nget hoac van an toan bi rd ri khi. Can kiem tra lai toan bo sau do cho may boat dong trd lai binh thudng va can theo doi them,

- Sau khi may ngirng thi khi thdi nguoc lai bo loc gid dau vao, la do van ngupc CV bj hd hoac van chan dau VS bi dong khong kin. Can phai kiem tra bao dudng sau khi cd hien tuong xay ra.

- Nhiet dp khi dau ra qua cao la do thiet bi lam mat khi bi hong, do muc dau qua thap, bp lam ngudi dau bi hong hay van nhiet BV bi hong. Khi dau vao cd nhiet dp qua cao, can theo doi thay ddi thdi tiet de dieu chinh budng lam viec cua may, tranh lupng khi ddi luu can thudng xuyen theo doi muc dau trong binh. Phai kiem tra, bao dudng va thay the trade khi cho may vao lam viec, de tranh cac hong hoc khac cd the xay ra.

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CHlTONG 5DANH GIA MAY NEN VA HE THONG KHI NEN. GIAI PHAP SET DUNG

NANG LUONG CUA MAY NEN KHI MOT CACH HIEU QUA

5.1. Danh gia may nen khi va he thong khi nen5.1.1. Nang suat cua may nen

Nang suat cua may nen la luu lugng dinh muc toi da cua dong khi nen dugc cap durii nhung dieu kien dinh mure ve nhiet do, ap suat va cac thanh phan cua khi dau vao. Nhung doi khi nang su&t cua may nen co nghia la luu lugng thuc te thay vi luu lugng dinh muc ciia dong khi. Luu lugng nay con dugc ggi la nang suat cap khi tu do (FAD) tuc la khi o cac dieu kien khi quyen tai bat cu vj tri nao. Thuat ngu nay khong noi den khi cap d nhung dieu kien tieu chuan hoac dac trung vi do cao so vdi mat bien, ap suat khong khi va nhiet do co the thay doi tai nhung vi tri va thdi diem khac nhau.5.1.1.1. Danh gia nang suat ciia may nen

Do cac may nen bj lao hoa va boat dong cua cac thanh phan ben trong may von khong the hieu qua toi da, lugng khi cap- FAD- se it hon gia tri dinh muc, du boat dong bao during thuc hien tot. Doi khi, nhung yeu to khac nhu bao during kem, bo trao doi nhiet bi tac va each thuc thuc hien cung lam giam lugng khi vao. De dap ung nhu cau khi nen, nhung may nen kem hieu qua phai boat dong lau hon, tieu thu nhieu dien hon muc thong thuong.

Lugng dien lang phi phu thuoc vao % dao dong voi nang su4t ciia FAD. Vi du nhu, mot van may nen bj mon co the lam giam den 20% nang suat. Can danh gia dinh ky nang suat cua FAD o moi may nen de kiem tra nang suat thuc te. Neu do lech Ion hon 10%, can thuc hien cac giai phap khac phuc.

Mot phuong phap ly tuong de danh gia nang suat may nen la thong qua voi kiem tra bang voi da dugc hieu chuan. Voi nay dugc su dung nhu mot tai kiem tra de xa khi nen ra ngoai. Viec danh gia luu lugng cung phai dua tren nhiet do khong khi, ap suat on dmh, hang so ciia voi phun...5.1.1.2. Phuong phap danh gia nang suat don gian thuc hien ngay tai cho

• Tach rieng may nen va binh tich can kiem tra khoi he thong chinh bang each dong chat van each ly (van khoa) hoac tach rieng ra, dong cua ra cua binh tich.

• Mo van xa va xa het nuoc trong binh tich va during ong. Dam bao rang during bay thoat nuric dugc dong chatde bat dau tien hanh kiem tra.

• Khrii dong may nen va kich boat dong ho bam giri.

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• Ghi lai thdi gian can de dat dupe ap suat van hanh binh thudng P2 (trong

be chua) tu ap suat

ban dau P,.

❖ Tmh to an nang suat theo cong suat-Nang suat cua may:

^ x ^ (Nm-Vphul ) (5.1)

Trong do:- P0 : Ap suat khi quyen (kG/cm2)

- Pi : Ap suat dau hut (kG/cm2)- P2 : Ap suat cuoi day (kG/cm2)

- V : The tich chua bao gdm be chua sau lam mat va dng phan phoi (m3)

- T : Thai gian sua dung de dat ap suat P2Phuang trinh tren phu hop khi nhiet dp khi nen tuang tu nhiet dp khong khi

ngoai trdi (nen dang nhiet). Trong truong hop nhiet dp khong khi nen thuc te d bp phan day la t2°C cao han nhiet dp moi trudng xung quanh t°C thi ta can diieu chinh FAD theo he sd (273 + t) / (273 + t2),

Doi vai may nen khi GA-75FF, ta gia su dung de dat ap suat P2 chinh la thdi gian de lam day the tich binh chua V.

Ta co luu lupng hut cua may nen khi GA-75FF la 798m3/h = 13,3 m3/ph (luu lupng cua may nen khi) d dieu kien tieu chuan t0 =273K va P0 =1,013 bar, Ta phai tinh thdi gian de lam day binh chua cd the tich V =3 m3 co ap suat p =8 kG/cm2 = 7,84 bar (so lieu theo hinh 1.1) va nhiet dp khi nen trong binh chua la t = 298K.

- Bdi vi nhiet dp t, ap suat p, the tich V d trang thai ban dau va trang thai cuoi cua qua trinh nen la khac nhau cho nen ta xac dinh the tich binh chua chua khi d trang thai ban dau ;

P.V.t0 _ 7,84.3.273

P0.t 1,013.298 21,3 nr

-Thdi gian canthietde lam day binh chua theo [1 ].(1 -13)

Thay va cdng thuc (5. l) ta dupe:

Q = 105 = 62566 Nnr'/pliiii

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5.1.2 Hieu suat may nenCac each do hieu suat may nen khac nhau thuring dirge su dung bao grim; hieu

suat the tich, hieu suat doan nhiet, hieu suat dang nhiet va hieu suat co hoc. Hieu suat doan nhiet va hieu suat dang nhiet dirge tinh bang mure tieu thu cong suat thuc te chia cho cong suat doan nhiet va dang nhiet. Ket qua dat dugc la hieu suat toan phan cua may nen va dong ca dan.

5.1.2.1. Hieu suat dang nhietHieu suat dang nhiet = Cong suat dau vao do dugc tren thuc te/Cring suat dang nhiet

Cong suat dang nhiet P<in(kW) = P, x Q, x loger/36,7 (CT 5.2)

• Trong do :- ?! : Ap suat vao tuyet doi (kG/cm2)

-Qg Nang suat cap khi cua may m3/h.rj? t A r P't

- r : Ty so nen —pi

Tinh toan cong suat dang nhiet khong bao gom cong suat can de thang luc ma sat va thudng mang lai hieu suat thap hem hieu suat doan nhiet. Gia tri hieu suat do dugc la hieu suat dang nhiet. Day la mot dieu can can nhac khi lua chon may nen dua tren cac gia trj hieu suat ghi trong ho so may.5.1.2.2. Hieu suat the tich

Hieu suat the tich = nang suat cua may nen/the tich cua may nen (m3/phut)The tich cuamay nen = H.D2/4.L.S.x.n (5.3)

- D : Duong kinh xy lanh, met- L : Hanh trinh cua xy lanh, met- S : Toe do cua may nen vong/phiit- x : 1 cho xy lanh tac dong don va 2 cho tac dong kep- n : so luong xylanh.Tren thuc te, hieu qua nhat trong so sanh hieu suat cua may nen la dung muc

tieu thu dien rieng, tuc la kW/luu luong the tich dinh muc, vdi nhung may nen khac nhau khi chay cimg muc tai, se co cac so lieu rieng cho timg may.5.1.3. Danli gia muc ton that phan phoi trong he thong khi nen5.1.3.1. Nhung bo phan ro ri va hau qua cua viec ro ri

Mot he thong during ring phan phoi va tiet luu dan khi nen tu he thring may nen trung tam toi cac ho tieu thu. He thring nay bao grim cac van each ly, bay chat long, cac binh chua trung gian va phan tan nhiet deu tren ring de tranh hien tugng ngung tu hoac dring lanh tren during ring o ngoai trrii. Trin that ap suat trong qua trinh phan phoi thuring dugc bii bang ap suat cao hon o bri phan day cua may nen.

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Tai nhung diem cap khi du kien co mot ong cap kem theo van khda, bp loc va bo dieu tiet cap khi nen cho cac ong dan den cac hp tieu thu.

Rd ri co the gay ra ton that rat Ion a he thong khi nen cong nghiep, co khi len tai 20 + 30% nang suat ciia may nen. Mot day chuyen dien hinh khong dupe bao duang tot co the co ty le rd ri len tdi khoang 20% tong cong suat san xuat khi nen. Ngirpc lai, neu phat hien va khac phuc tot, co the giam dupe ro ri xuong khoang 10 % san lupng khi nen.

Ngoai cac ton that ve nang lupng, ro ri con gay ra cac ton that van hanh khac. Ro ri lam sut ap suat he thong, lam cac thiet bi dung khi nen hoat dong kem hieu qua, anh huang den quy trinh san xuat. Hem nua, ro ri khien he thong phai van hanh lau han, lam giam tuoi thp cua hau het tat ca cac thiet bi trong he thong (bao gom ca cum may nen khi), Tang thai gian van hanh cung dan den viec phai bao duomg bo sung va tang thai gian ngung san xuat ngoai trong lich trinh. Cuoi cung, ro ri gay ra tang cong suat may nen khong can thiet.

Cac ro ri cd the xay ra a mpi vi tri cua he thong, nhung khu vuc hay bi ro ri nhat

bao gom;- Moi noi, ong cung, ong mem va cac khop noi

- Thiet bi dieu chinh ap suat- Cac bay ngung mo va cac van dong

- Cac moi noi, diem ngat, vong dem.Lupng ro ri la ham so cua ap suat cap d mot he thong khong dupe kiem soat va

3

tang khi ap suat tang. Ty le ro ri dupe tinh bang feet /phut (cfm) va cung ty le vdi

binh phuong during kinh cria 16 rri.Bang 5.1. Ty le ro ri vdi nhung ap suat cung cap va 16 ro vdi cac kich thude

khac nhau (US DOE, 2004)Lupng ro ri* (elm)

Ap suat During kinh ciia 16 ro (inches)

(psig) 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/8 3/8

0,29 1,16 4,66 18,62 74,40 167,80

80 0,32 1,26 5,24 20,76 83,10 187,20

0,36 1,46 5,72 23,10 92,00 206,60

100 0,40 1,55 6,31 25,22 100,90 227,00

0,48 1,94 7,66 30,65 122,20 275,50

* Can nhan gia tri tren vdi 0,97 cho nhung 16 ro tron va vdi 0,611 cho nhung vdiphun det.

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5.1.3.2. Dinh lugng rd riVdi nhung may nen co thiet bi dieu khien tat/bat hoac ddng/ngat tai, each ude

tinh khdi lugng rd ri trong he thong rat de. Phuong phap nay lien quan den khdi dong may nen khi khdng tai (khi tat ca cac thiet bi van hanh bang khi nen, ho tieu thu khi nen da dugc tat). Thuc hien mot so do dac de xac dinh thdi gian van hanh trung binh dong va ngat tai tren nguyen ly may nen bat va tat theo chu ky do su rd ri gay sut ap he thong, Tong lugng rd ri (%)dugc tinh nhu sau:

Rd ri (%) = [(TxlOO)/(T+t)] (5.4)- T = thdi gian dong tai (thdi gian may chay, phut)-1 = thdi gian ngung tai (thdi gian may dung, phut)

Lugng rd ri dugc xem nhu la phan tram cua ton that cua may nen. 0 nhung he thong dugc bao dudng tot, lugng ton that do rd ri it hon 10%. 0 nhung he thong bao dudng kern con so nay co the len tai 20 ^ 30% edng suat.5.1.3.3. Cac buoc dinh lugng ro ri tai cho dun gian

Cac bude dem gian giiip dinh lugng rd ri tai cho d he thong khi nen nhu sau:- Ngat tat ca cac thiet bi dung khi nen (hoac tien hanh kiem tra khi khdng co

thiet bi nao dang su dung khi nen).- Chay may nen de nang ap suat hq thong len bang ap suat van hanh.- Ghi lai thdi gian dimg cho chu trinh “dong tai” va “ngat tai” cua may nen. De

chinh xac, lay thdi gian BAT & TAT cua 8^10 chu trinh lien tuc. Sau do tinh toan tong Thdi gian “BAT” (T) va tong thdi gian “TAT” (t).

- Su dung each tren de xac dinh lugng rd ri cua he thong. Neu Q la khdng khi

ben ngoai dugc cap vao trong thdi gian kiem tra (m3/phut), thi lugng rd ri ciia he

thong (m3/phut) se la;

Muc rd ri cua he thong (m /phut) = Q x T / (T + t) (5.5)5.2. Giai phap su dung nang lugng cua may nen khi hieu qua5.2.1. Nhiet do khi vao

Khdng nen danh gia thap tac dong cua khi vao vda hieu qua boat dong cua may nen. Khi vao bi nhiem ban hoac ndng cd the lam giam boat dong ciia may nen, lam tang chi phi nang lugng va chi phi bao dudng. Neu hoi nude, bui va cac chat ban cd nhieu trong khi vao, chung se gay ra bam ban d cac bd phan ben trong may nen nhu cac van, banh edng tac, rdto, canh gat, Nhung can bam nay se gay mdn sdm va lam giam nang suat cua may nen.

May nen tao ra nhiet do qua trinh boat dong lien tuc. Lugng nhiet nay phat tan trong phdng lap may nen lam ndng dong khi vao dan den lam giam hieu suat the

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tich va tang tieu thu dien. Theo quy tac chung, “Cu moi mftc tang 4°C cfta nhiet do khi vao, mftc tieu thu nang litomg se tang them 1% de duy tri nang suat titong ftng”. Vi vay, neu khi cap vao la khi mat se nang cao hieu qua sft dung nang I irong cfta may nen (bang 5.2),

Bang 5.2. Anh hudng cua nhiet do khi vao vdi mure tieu thu dien cfta may nen;

Nhiet do vao (° C) Chu chuyftn khong khi tuang ftng Tiet kiem dien (%)

10,0 102,2 + 1,4

15,5 100

21,1 98.1 - 1,3

26,6 96,3 TX5_

32.2 94.1 -4,0

37,7 92,8 - 5,0

43.3 91,2 -5,8

Khi lap bo loc khi tren dirdng cap khi vao, can gift nhiet do moi tnrong xung quanh o mftc toi thieu de tranh giam hm luqng, Co the giam dtrqc nhiet do khi vao bang each dat ong hut khi vao ben ngoai buong hay nha dat may nen. Khi bo loc khi vao dirge lap ben ngoai nha, nhat la tren mai, can xem xet den cac yeu to ve moi tnrong xung quanh.

5.2.2. Sut ap trong bo loc khiVice lap dat mot bo loc khi vao may nen la can thiet, neu khong thi phai lay khi

vao tft vi tri sach va mat. Cac nha san xuat may nen thirong cung cap hoac de xuat mot loai bp loc chuyen dung cho khi vao de bao ve may nen. Viec loc khong khi vao may nen cang tot thi khoi luong bao dirong cang giam. Tuy nhien, can giam thieu su sut ap qua bp loc khi vao (bang each ehpn dung cong suat bp loc va bao duong tot bp loc) de ngan ngfta hieu ftng that hep lam giam cong suat may nen. Mot trong nhftng each tot nhat la lap mot dong ho do chenh ap de giam sat tinh trang cua bp loc khi vao. Sut ap qua mot bp loc khi vao con moi khong dupe

2

vupt qua 3 pound/ inch (psi). Bang 5.3 neu ro anh huong cua sut ap qua bp loc khi

vao doi voi mftc tieu thu dien.

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Bang 5.3. Tac dong cua sir sut ap suat qua bo loc khi vao doi vdi muc tieu thu dien:

Theo quy tac chung, “Cu moi muc sut ap suat hut 250mm cot nude do tac bp loc ... muc tieu thu nang lupng cua may nen sc tang them khoang 2% vdi cung mot nang suat”

Vi vay, nen dinh ky lam sach bp loc khi vao de giam thieu sut ap. Co the su dung ap ke hoac dong ho chenh ap do muc sut ap qua bp loc nham phuc vu cho viec len lich ve sinh bp loc.5.2.3. Do cao

Dp cao so vdi mat bien cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu suat the tich cua may nen. Tac dong cua dp cao so vdi mat bien doi vdi hieu su4t the tich dupe cho trong bang 5.4.

May nen dat d dp cao hon so vdi mat bien se tieu thu nhieu dien hem vdi cimg mot muc ap suat cap so vdi may dat d dp cao bang mat bien, vi ti so nen cao hon.

Bang 5.4. Tac dong ciia dp cao so vdi mat bien doi vdi hieu suat the tichMay do do cao Ap suat khi quyen Hieu qua giua may do the tich va cac

(mbar) mat bien4 bar 7 bar

Muc nude bien 1013 100.0 100.0500 945 98.7 97.71000 894 97.0 95.21500 840 95.5 92.72000 789 93.9 90.02500 737 92.1 87.0

Imbar = 1.01972 x 103 kG/cm2.

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5.2.4. Bo lam mat gitra cac cap (trung gian) va lam mat sauPhan Ion cac may nen da cap deu co bp lam mat tmng gian. Do la cac bp trao

doi nhiet thuc hien vice loai bo nhiet sinh ra trong qua trinh nen giua cac cap nen. Lam mat trung gian anh hvrdng den hieu suat toan phan cua may nen,

Khi co nang dupe cap cho khl nen, nhiet dp cua khi tang len. Bp lam mat sau dupe lap dat sau cap nen cudi cung de giam nhiet dp khi cap. Khi nhiet dp khi giam, hoi nude trong khong khi ngung tu lai, dupe phan tach, thu hoi va xa ra khoi he thong. Hau het nude ngung tu may nen cd bp lam mat trung gian dupe loai bo ngay tai cac bp lam mat trung gian, va phan con lai se dupe loai bo trong bp lam mat sau. (3 phan Ion cac he thong edng nghiep, trir nhung he thong cung cap khi nen tdi nhung thiet bi khong nhay cam nhiet, deu can cd qua trinh lam mat sau. 0 mot so he thong nen, bp lam mat sau dupe tich hop vdi bp may nen, trong khi a mot so he thong khac, bp lam mat sau la mot thiet bi rdi. Mot vai he thong cd ca hai lua chon.

Mot each ly tudng, nhiet dp khi vao d moi cap cua may nen da cap phai tuong tu nhu nhiet dp khi vao d cap dau tien. Day dupe xem la “lam mat hoan hao” hoac nen dang nhiet. Nhung tren thuc te, nhiet dp khi vao d cac cap tiep theo thudng cao hon d cap dau, dan tdi muc tieu thu dien cao hon, vi phai xu ly mot the tich Ion hon cho cung mot tac vu (bang 5.5).

Bang 5.5. Tac dong cua bp lam mat tmng gian doi vdi muc tieu thu dien cua may nen;

Chi tiet

Nhiet dp vao d cap 1 (°C)

Nhiet dp vao d cap 2 (°C)

Nang suat (mnr/min)

Cong suat him dung (kW)

Tieu thu nang lupng cu

the (mm /min)% thay doi

Lam mat khong Lam mat hoan hao Nude lam mathoan hao (gia tri co so) dupe lam lanh

21,1 2U 2U

26.6 21,1 15,5

15.5 15,6 15,7

76,3 75,3 74,2

4,7

+2,1 -2,1

Su dung nude d nhiet dp thap hon lam giam tieu thu dien. Tuy nhien, nhiet dpnude lam mat qua thap se lam dp am trong khong khi ngung tu, neu khong dupe

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xa bo, nude ngung se lam hong xy lanh.Tuong tu nhu vay, neu lam mat a bo lam mat sau khong hieu qua {do can bam,

vv...), se lam khong khl am, ndng di vao blnh tich, tao them nude ngung tu trong cac blnh tich khl va dudng ong phan phoi, lam tang an mdn, sut ap va rd ri trong dudng ong cung nhu trong cac thiet bi su dung cudi cung, Vi vay, can lam sach dinh ky va dam bao dii luu lupng a nhiet do hop ly ca d cac bo lam mat trung gian lan bo lam mat sau de dam bao duy tri ket qua boat dong mong muon.5.2.5. Dat ap suat lam vice

Vdi cung mot nang suat, may nen tieu thu nhieu dien hon d ap suat cao hem. Khong nen van hanh may nen d muc ap suat vupt qua ap suat van hanh toi uu vi nhu vay se khong chi lang phi nang luong ma con dan den mdn nhanh, tu do gay cac lang phi nang lupng khac. Hieu suat the tich cua mot may nen cung giam khi ap suat cap cao hou.5.2.5.I. Giam ap suat cap

Kha nang giam (tdi tru hoa) muc dat ap suat cap can dupe thuc hien thong qua cac nghien cuu ky ve yeu cau ap suat d nhung thiet bi khac nhau va ve sut ap tren duong phan phdi tu nguon cap khi nen tdi cac diem su dung. Cac muc tiet kiem dien hinh nhd giam ap suat cho trong bang 5.6.

Neu mot ho tieu thu hoac mot nhdm thieu so cac hp tieu thu can ap suat cao hem nhdm con lai trong day chuyen, nen xem xet viec lap rieng mot he thong cho nhdm do hoac lap dat them may tang ap suat khi nen tai cac hp tieu thu nay, nhd do co the duy tri nhdm da so van hanh d ap suat thap. Van hanh he thong may nen anh hudng mot phan den gia thanh ciia khi nen. Chang han nhu, van hanh may d muc 120 PSIG thay vi 100 PSIG se tieu ton hem 10% nang lupng, cung nhu tang ty le rd ri. Can no luc giam ap suat dat ciia may nen va he thong xudng muc thap nhat cd the.

Bang 5.6. Tac dong cua vice giam ap suat cap ddi vdi muc tieu thu dienGiam ap suat Tiet kiem dien (%)

Tu Den Lam mat bang Lam mat bang Lam mat bang(bar) (bar) nude 1 cap nude 2 cap khi 2 cap

6,1 2,6

5,5 6,5

* Chii y: Giam ap suat 1 bar trong may nen se giam tieu thu dien tu 6 -M 0 %.

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5.2.5.2. Dieu bien may nen thong qua thiet lap ap suat toi tru6 cac doanh nghiep, rat hay co trudng hop cac may nen vdi can tao, nang suat,

chung loai khac nhau duoc ket not vai nhau thanh mot mang ludi phan phoi chung, Vai nhung tinh Huong nhir vay, vice lira chon phuang thuc ket noi cac may nen phu hap va vice dieu bien toi iru cac may nen khac nhau se giup tiet kiem nang luong

Khi co mot hoac nhieu han may nen cap cho cho mot dau phan phoi chung, can van hanh may nen sao cho chi phi san xuat khi nen la nho nhat.

- Neu tat ca cac may nen gidng nhau, co the dieu chinh ap suit dat sao cho chi co mot may nen xir ly nhung bien dong ve tai, con nhung may khac boat dong d dieu kien gan day tai.

- Neu cac may nen co nang suat khac nhau, can dieu chinh ap suat sao cho chi may nen nho nhat thuc hien dieu bien (thay doi lira luong),

- Neu cac may nen khac loai cung lam vice vdi nhau, tmrc tieu thu nang luong khong tai la rat quan trong. Can dung may nen co cong suat khong tai thap nhat de dieu bien.

- Nhin chung, nhung may nen co cong suat tai thap hon se phai thuc hien dieu bien.

- Cac may nen co the duoc phan loai theo muc tieu thu nang luong rieng, d cac ap suat khac nhau, vdi cac may co hieu suat nang luong cao nhat dap ung phan Ion nhu cau he thong.5.2.5.3. Tach biet cac nhu cau ap cao va ap thap

Neu nhu cau ap suat thap nhieu, nen phat khi nen ap suat cao va thap rieng re va cap rieng cho tung bo phan thay vi phat vdi ap suat cao roi dung van giam ap de giam ap suat, sau do cap cho cac ho tieu thu ap suat thap se gay lang phi nang luong.5.2.5.4. Thiet ke nham giam thieu sut ap tren he thong diromg ong phan phoi

Sut ap la mot thuat ngu- duoc sir dung de mo ta hien tuong giam ap suat khi nen tur cua ra may nen toi ho tieu thu. Sut ap xay ra khi khi nen di qua he thong phan phoi va xu ly. Mot he thong thiet ke tot se co muc ton that ap suat it hon 10% ap suat day cua may nen, do tu dau ra cua blnh tich toi ho tieu thu.

Ong cang dai va dudng kinh cang nho thl ton that ma sat cang nhieu. De giam sut ap hieu qua, co the su dung mot he thong khep kin vdi luu luong hai chieu. Sut ap gay ra do mon va do ban than cac thanh phan cua he thong la nhung yeu to quan trong.

Sut ap qua muc do chon kich thudc ong khong chuan, bo loc bi tac, cac

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mdi noi va ong mem kich thudc khong chuan se gay ra lang phi nang luong. Bang 5.7 mo ta muc tdn that nang luong neu ong co dudng kinh nhd,

Muc sut ap hap ly dien hinh a cac nganh cdng nghiep la 0,3 bar tu bo phan phoi chinh tai diem xa nhat va 0,5 bar d he thong phan phoi.

Bang 5.7. Sut ap dien hinh tren dudngphan phoi khi nen vdi ong

5.2.6. Cac giai phap khac5.2.6.t. Vj tri dat may nen

Vi tri dat may nen va chat luong khi hut vao may nen co anh hudng rat Ion den mac nang luong tieu thu. Hoat dong ciia may nen khi cung giong nhu mot may thd, se dupe cai thien neu su dung khi vao sach, kho va mat.S.2.6.2. Giam thieu ro ri

Nhu da giai thich d phan trade, rd ri khi nen se gay lang phi dien dang ke. Vi rat kho thay cac ro ri khong khi, can phai su dung cac bien phap khac de xac djnh cac chd rd. Cach tot nhat de tim ra vet rd la su dung bp do am thanh sieu am (xem hinh 5.1), de tim ra nhung am thanh xi hoi tan so cao do rd khi.

Phat hien rd ri bang sieu am la phuong phap tim rd ri phd bien nhat. Co the su dung phuong phap nay cho nhieu dang phat hien rd ri khac nhau.

Rd ri thudng hay xay ra d cac mdi noi. Co the xu ly bang each rat don gian la xiet chat mdi noi hoac rat phuc tap nhu la thay cac thiet bi hong, gdm khdp noi, ong ghep, cac doan ong, ong mem, gioang, cac diem xa ngung va bay ngung. Trong rat nhieu tradng hop, rd ri cd the do lam sach cac doan ren khong dung each hoac lap vdng dem lam kin khong chuan. Chon cac ong ghep, ong ngat, ong mem va ong cung cd chat luong cao va lap dat dung each, su dung ren lam kin phu hop de tranh rd ri ve sau.

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Hinh 5,1. Bo phat hien rd ri sieu am5.2.6.3. Xa nude ngung

Sau khi khi nen rdi buong nen, bo lam mat sau cua may nen se giam nhiet dp khl xa xudng dirdi diem sirong (vdi hau het cac dieu kien nidi trudng xung quanh) va do do, mot lupng hoi nude dang ke se ngung tu. De xa nude ngung, cac may nen cd lap san bp lam mat sau dupe trang bi them mot thiet bi tach nude ngung hoac bay ngung.

Trong trudng hpp tren, nen lap mot van khda gan cua day cua may nen. Dong then, nen ndi mot dudng xa ngung vdi 16 xa ngung d binh tlch. De van hanh tot, dudng xa ngung phai cd dp doc tu binh chua ra ngoai. Cd the se cd nude ngung them neu dudng dng phan phoi lam khi lanh di va do vay, tai nhung diem thap tren dudng ong phan phoi nen cd bay ngung va dudng xa nude ngung. 6ng dan khi nen sau cua day phai cd cung kich thude vdi dau deg ndi tren cua day cua may nen sau bp tieu am. Tat ca dudng dng va dng ndi phai phu hpp vdi ap suat khi nen.

Can xem xet ky kich thude dng tu dau dng ndi tren may nen. Nghien cuu ky chieu dai, kich thude dng, so lupng va kieu cua dng ndi va van de may nen cd the dat hieu suat tdi uu.5.2.6.4. Kiem scat su dung khi nen

Khi he thong khi nen da san cd, cac ky su cua nha may thudng cd xu hudng muon su dung khi nen de cung cap cho cac thiet bi can ap suat thap nhu canh khuay, van tai bang khi nen hoac cap khi cho buong dot. Tuy nhien, cac ung dung nay nen lay khi cap tu quat thdi, la thiet bi dupe thiet ke chuyen dung cho ap suat thap. Nhu vay se giam rat nhieu chi phi va nang lupng so vdi su dung khi nen.5.2.6.5. Dieu khien may nen

May nen khi se khdng hieu qua neu chung dupe van hanh a muc thap hem nhieu so vdi san lupng cfm theo dmh muc. De tranh trudng hpp chay them cac may nen khi khdng can thiet, nen lap dat mot bp dieu khien de tu dong bat va tat may nen, tuy theo nhu cau. Va neu giu ap suat cua he thong khi nen dupe d muc cang thap cang tot, hieu suat se dupe cai thien va giam dupe rd ri khi nen.

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5.2.7. Thuc hien bao dtrdngViec thuc hien bao dudng hieu qua se cai thien rat nhieu hieu suit boat dong

cua he thong may nen. Dudi day la mot so bien phap ducp su dung trong viec bao dudng va van hanh hieu qua he thong khi nen cdng nghiep:

- Bdi tron; Can kiem tra ap suat dau cua may nen bang mat thudng hang ngay, va thay bo loc dau hang thing.

- Bo loc khi: Bo loc khi vao de hi tac nghen, nhit la d nhung mdi trudng nhieu bui. Can dinh ky kiem tra va thay the cac bo loc.

- Bay ngung: Rat nhieu he thong co bay ngung de gom va (vdi nhung bay co van phao) xa nude ngung cua he thong. Can dinh ky md cac bay ngung van hanh bang tay de xa chat long tich tu sau do dong lai; can kiem tra djnh ky nhung bay tu dong de dam bao chiing khdng hi rd ri khi.

- Bp lam kho khi: Lam khd khi su dung rat nhieu nang lupng. Vdi nhung bo lam khd dupe lam lanh, thudng xuyen kiem tra va thay cac bp loc so bp vi bp lam khd khi thudng cd cac dudng thong ben trong nhd, cac dudng nay cd the bi tac bdi cac chat ban. Cac bp lam khd hoan luu can cd bd loc tach dau hieu qua d bp phan vao vi cac thiet bi nay khdng boat dong tot neu dau bdi tron tu' may nen phu tren cac chat lam khd. Nhiet dp bp lam khd phai dupe giu d muc dudi 100°F de tranh tang tieu thu cac chat lam khd, cac chdt nay phai dupe nap day lai sau mdi 3-4 thang, tuy theo muc dp tieu thu.

* Danh sack sang loc ede gidi phdp

- Tim va xir ly cac rd ri khi nen va ngan ngua su lap lai. Thudng xuyen kiem tra cac vet rd va ton that ap suat d toan bp he thong (hang thang).

- Tranh su dung cac dng xa ngung bj nut de dam bao khdng cd dp am d hd tieu thu.

- Dieu chinh cac boat dong d hd tieu thu tai ap suat thap nhat cd the- Khdng nen su dung cac may nang dung khi nen va dong co khi nen.- Dong tat ca ngudn cap khi tdi cac thiet bi khdng van hanh.- Tach rieng cac thiet b) dem le su dung khi nen ap suit cao.- Giam muc sut ap trong he thong dng phan phdi.- Danh gia nhu can ve dieu bien may nen,- Su dung cac dong co hieu suit cao thay cho cac dong co tieu chuan.- Xem xet vice dung may nen da cap.- Giam ap suit ra cing thip cang tot.- Su dung nhiet thii tu may nen cho cac bd phan khac trong diy chuyen de tiet

kiem nang lupng.

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- Tranh dua khi nen ap suat cao hon tdi loan bo day chuyen chi de dap ling nhu cau ciia nipt thiet bi cao ap.

- Nam vung each dieu khien he thong nhieu may nen,- Sii dung bp dieu khien trung gian/ bp gian nd/ bp dieu tiet ap suat dpi chat

lupng cao.- Nam ro cac yeu cau ve sinh thiet bi.- Sii dung cong nghe lam kho co diem suang ap suat cho phep toi da.- Chon cac san pham co chat lupng tot nhat khi phai thay the cac bp phan ciia

may nen.- Giam sat chenh ap qua bp loc khi. Sut ap qua miic a cac bp Ipc gay lang phi

nang lupng.- Sii dung khong khi mat ben ngoai cho dau vao ciia may nen.- Ap dung chien lupc bao duong phong ngira mot each he thong cho may nen,- Dao tao va nang cao nhan thiic cua nhan vien de van hanh va bao duung hieu

qua cho he thong may nen,- Dam bao toan bp he thong dupe quan ly bang cac boat dong quan ly npi vi

tot.- Dam bao rang nude ngung phai dupe loai bo khdi he thong phan phoi ngay

hoac khong co nude ngung.- Kiem tra cac xem kich thude binh tich cd the chua dii khi nen cho cac nhu

cau Idn trong thdi gian ngan khong.

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KET LUAN

Sau thdi gian thvrc tap, tim hieu, lam do an, dupe sir hudng dan tan tinh cua thay giao Nguyen Van Thinh va cac thay, co trong Bp mdn Thiet bi dau khi & cong trinh, em da hoan thanh ban do an nay vdi de tai: “Tim hieu ve cau tao, nguyen ly lam viec, quy trinh lap dat, van hanh, bao duong may nen khl GA-75FF” vdi chuyen de “Danh gia may nen va he thong khi nen, giai phap sir dung khl nen mot each co hieu qua”

Noi dung do an gom nam chuoaig:Chirong 1: Khai quat he thong nen khl va cac tram may nen khl.

Chircmg 2: Ly thuyet co ban ve may nen khi true vit.Chuong 3: Cau tao, nguyen ly lam vice cua may nen GA-75FF.Chirong 4; Quy trinh van hanh, bao duong, lap dat va sua chua may nen khi

GA-75FF,

Chuong 5: Danh gia may nen va he thong khi nen, giai phap su dung khi nen

mot each co hieu qua.Qua do an nay em co the nam dupe dac tinh ky thuat cua may nen khi dang

true vit noi chung, may nen khi GA-75FF noi rieng, each van hanh, lap dat, bao duong va sira chua may. Ngoai ra em cung tim hieu dupe mot so giai phap sir dung nang lupng may nen co hieu qua de gop phan nang cao hieu qua hon trong cong viec khai thac dau khi.

Tuy nhien do tai lieu con chua day du, qua trinh thuc te con chua nhieu, trinh dp con han che nen mac du da cd gang tim hieu song khdng the tranh khdi nhung thieu sot. Em rat mong dupe su chi bao, dong gdp y kien cua cac thay, cd va ban be de cd the hoan chinh ban de tai hon phuc vu cho cong viec sau nay.

Em xin chan thanh cam on thay Nguyen Van Thmh va cac thay, cd trong bd mdn Thiet bj dau khi & cong trinh va cac can bd, cong nhan trong xudng sira chtfa co dien cua XNLD Vietsovpetro da giup em hoan thanh ban do an nay.

Ha Hoi, ngay 03 thdng 06 nam 2010Sink vien

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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1]. Nguyen Van May, Bam quat, may nen - Truong DH Bach Khoa Ha Noi.

[2]. Khi clong hoc va may nen - Nha xuat ban Dai hoc va THCN

[3], XNLD Vietsovpetro, Huong dan hdo duong may nen khi GA 22, 30, 75.

[4], KST Ca khi MSP-8 Le Xuan Hoa, Nguyen ly lam viec cua tram may nen khi

GA-75FF (Theo Atlas Copco Stationary Air Compressors GA 55-GA 75- GA 55W-

GA 75 W - GA 90C Instruction Book).

[5]. Atlas Copco, oil-injected rotary screw compressor GA5 J+-90 GA 75-90 VSD.

[6], ©UNEP, Compressors and compressed air systems.

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MUC LUC

LOl NOT DAU 1CHLTONG 1 2KHAT QUAT VE HE THONG KHI NEN VA CAC TRAM MAY NEN KHI 21.1.Khai quat ve he thong khi nen va cac tram may nen khi tren cac cong cong trinhbien 21.1.1. Khai quat ve he thong khi nen 2

1.1.2. Cac tram may nen khi tai XNLD Vietsovpetro 21.2.Muc dich, yeu cau ddi vdi he thong khi nen tren cac gian khoan khai thac dau

khi tren bien 51.3.Cac phirong phap xu ly khi 71.3.1. Binh ngitng tu lam lanh bang khong khi hoac bang nirac 91.3.2. Thietbi say kho bang chat lam lanh va hap thu 10CHLTONG 2 15LY THUYET CO BAN VE MAY NEN KHI DANG TRUC VIT 152.1. Mo ta chung ve may nen khi dang true vit 152.1.1. Cau tao va nguyen ly lam viec 152.1.2. Cac thong so co ban cua may nen true vit 172.1.3. Cac dac diem dac biet cua may nen true vit 192.2. So do he thong may nen khi kieu true vit 212.3. He thong lap rap may nen true vit 22CHLTONG 3 24CAU TAO, NGUYEN LY lAm VIEC CUA TRAM MAY NEN KHI GA-75FF.24

3.1. Cau tao 243.1.1. Gidi thieu chung 243.1.2. Cac bp phan co ban cua tram may nen khi GA-75FF 303.2. Nguyen ly lam viec 493.2.1. So do nguyen ly tram may nen khi GA-75 FF 49

3.2.2. Nguyen ly lam viec 51CHUONG4 54QUY TRINH LAP DAT, VAN HANH,BAo DUONG VA SlTA CHlTA 54mAy NEN KHI GA75-FF 544.1. Quy trinh lap dat 544.2. Quy trinh van hanh 574.2.1.Trudc khi khdi dong 57

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Do cm tot nghiep

4.2.2. Khi khdi dong

4.2.3. Kiem tra trong then gian may hoat dong4.2.4. Kiem tra man hinh bp dieu khien

4.2.5. Dung may4,3.Bao dirong va sua chua4.3.1. Quy trinh bao dirong

Truong Dai hoc Mo - Dia Chat

58

5859

616161

4.3.2. Cac sir cd thirdng gap va each khac phuc stra chira 64

CHlTONG 5 66DANE GIA MAY NEN VA HE THONG KHINEN. GIAI PHAP SET DUNGNANG LUONG CUA MAY NEN KHI M(3T CACH HIEU QUA 665.1. Danh gia may nen khi va he thong khi nen 665.1.1. Nang suat ciia may nen 665.1.2 Hieu suat may nen 685.1.3. Danh gia mire ton thatphan phoi trong he thong khi nen 685.2.Giai phap su dung nang htong ciia may nen khi hieu qua 70

5.2.1. Nhietdp khi vao 705.2.2. Sutap trong bp Ipc khi 715.2.3. Dp cao 725.2.4. Bp lam mat giua cac cap (trung gian) va lam mat sau 735.2.5. Dat ap suat lam vice 745.2.6. Cac giai phap khac 765.2.7. Thuc hien bao dirong 78KET LOAN 80

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Do cm tot nghiep Truong Dai hoc Mo - Dia Chat

DANH MUC CAC HINH VE

STT So hinh ve Ten hinh Trang

1 Hinh 1.1 Sa do he thong khi nen gian MSP-8

2 Hinh 1.2 Cac giai doan xu ly khi nen

Hinh 1.3 Cac pinio ng phap xu ly khi nen va Imh vuc ling dung

Hinh 1.4 Nguyen ly boat dong ciia binh ngimg tu 1am lanhbang nuoc

Hinh 1.5 Nguyen ly boat dong ciia thiet bi say kho bang chatlam lanh

Hinh 1.6 Nguyen ly boat dong ciia ro le nhiet

Hinh 1.7 Nguyen ly lam viec ciia thiet bi say kho bang hap thu

Hinh 1.8 Qua trinh van hanh ciia thiet bi say kho bang hap thu

9 Hinh 1.9 Nguyen ly hap thu bang phan img hoa hoc 14

10 Hinh 2.1 Nguyen ly boat dong ciia may nen khi kieu true vit 16

Hinh 2.2 Qua trinh an khdp

Hinh 2.3 Qua trinh hut, nen va day ciia may nen kieu true vit

Hinh 2.4 Tinh luu luong q0

Hinh 2.5 Sir phu thuoc goc xoan ip va ty so the tich khe hathuc te va khe ha theo ly thu yet

Hinh 2.6 Sa do he thong may nen khi kieu true vit co he thongdau boi trail.

Hinh 3.1 Sa do may nen khi GA-7 5FF

Hinh 3.2 Hinh dang chung ciia tram GA-75 FF 27

Hinh 3.3 Mat truac ciia may GA -75 FF

Hinh 3.4 Mat sau ciia may G A -75 FF

Hinh 3.5 Khung san tram GA-75

21 Hinh 3.6 Kich thuac khung vo bao ve tram GA-75 31

"22" Hinh 3.7 Dong cadien ~32

Hinh 3.8 May nen khi true vit

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Hinh 3.9 Phin loc khi dau vao va van nap-ngat tai

Hinh 3.10 Bo khop noi truyen dong

Hinh 3.11 Binh gom tach dau boi tron 37

Hinh 3.12 Cac phan tu va lap rap binh gom-tach dau boi iron

Hinh 3.13 Binh gom-tach va cac phin loc dau boi tron

Hinh 3.14 Cac phan tu loc dau boi tron

Hinh 3.15 Cac kieu phin loc dau boi tron thong dung

Hinh 3. lb Gian tan nhiet flam mat) dau boi tron va khi nen

Hinh 3.17 Bp phan lam kho khi nen

Hinh 3.18 He thong xa condensate thong dung chuan

Hinh 3.19 Cac kieu phin loc va tach condensate cua hang AtlasCopco

Hinh 3.20 Nguyen ly boat dong cua van dieu chinh ap suat vaky hieu

Hinh 3.21 Bang dieu khien tram may nen khi GA-75FF

37 Hinh 3.22 So do nguyen ly tram GA75-FF

Hinh 4.1 So do lap dat va cac de xuat lap dat

Hinh 4.2 So do lap dat tram GA-75FF tai BM-7B tren MSP-8

Hinh 5.1 Bp phat hien ro ri sieu am

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DANH MUC BANG BIEU

STT So hieu bang Ten bang Trang

Bang 3.1 Cac thong so cua may nen khi GA-75

Bang 3.2 Chuc nang cua cac nut tren bang dieu khien tram

may nen khi GA-75FF

Bang 4.1 Nhung die do dieu khien cua may nen

Bang 5.1 Ty le ro ri vbi nhung ap suat cung cap va 16 rb voi 68

cac kich thudc khac nhau (US DOE, 2004)

Bang 5.2 Anh huong cua nhiet dp khi vao vbi muc tieu thu

dien cua may nen

Bang 5.3 Tac dong ciia su sut ap suat qua bo loc khi vao 71

doi vbi rmic tieu thu dien

Bang 5.4 Tac dong cua do cao so vbi mat bien dbi vbi hieu 71

suat the tichBang 5.5 Tac dong cua lam mat trung gian doi vbi muc tieu

thu dien cua may nen

Bang 5.6 Tac dong cua viec giam ap suat cap doi vbi muctieu thu dien

Bang 5.7 Sut ap dien hinh tren dubng phan phoi khi nen vbi 75

ong b cac kich thubc khac nhau

bAng quy doi CAC DON VI

1 inch = 25,4 mm

1 N/m2 = 10'5 bar 1,02.1 O'5 kG/cm2 = 750.1 O'5 mmHg

T °K = (273 + t)

T°F = (1,8.t + 32)

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