do now take out lab write up… finish last part (conclusion)
TRANSCRIPT
DO NOW: What’s the difference?
1. Plant vs. Animal cells
2. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
3. Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic organisms
Classification and Taxonomy Vocabulary:– Taxonomy – Binomial Nomenclature– Kingdom – Genus – Species– Eukaryote– Prokaryote – Heterotroph– Autotroph
Organisms are OrganizedClassification: grouping organisms
Taxonomy – the branch of science that deals with naming and classification organisms
Taxonomists – scientists who name and classify organisms
Classification
1.How are organisms classified?– Organisms (living things) are classified based upon
physical (anatomical) and genetic (DNA) similarities
Classification
2. Why are organisms classified?– Classification of life is necessary to enable biologists to
more easily study living things (organisms)– Reduces confusion
• Look up a word in the dictionary. It would be very hard if all the pages were ripped out and put in a random pile.
• Instead, words are arranged or classified for us in alphabetical order making it easier to locate words.
– About 1.5 million different organisms living on Earth and more being discovered each year!
Categories for Classification
• Every known organism is placed into 5 large groupings known as KINGDOMS
• Organisms within a kingdom share many broad characteristics in common
• Taxon: – One of the 7 taxonomic groupings – Example: Kingdom, Phylum, Class
Do Now… on a separate sheet of paper
1. How would you classify these organisms?
2. Why did you classify them the way you did, explain.
5 KingdomsLets explore each kingdom and see how organisms are classified
Animal Plant Fungi Protista Monera
Prokaryotic orEukaryotic
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Unicellular orMulticellular
Cell structures
No cell wall or
chloroplasts
Cell wall (cellulose)
and chloroplasts
Cell wall (chitin)
Cell wall (cellulose) in some, some
have chloroplasts
Certain structures on
cell walls
Why are organisms divided up like this?Can we make any other groups broader, or larger, than Kingdom?
5 Kingdoms
1. Monera Unicellular (single cell) Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Example: Bacteria Some can survive in extreme
conditions Very acidic Very hot Toxic fumes (toxic to most life)
E. Coli
Streptococcus
5 Kingdoms
2. Protists Unicellular (single cell) Eukaryotic (has nucleus) Example: Ameba,
Paramecium
5 Kingdoms
3. Fungi Multicellular (has many cells) Eukaryotic (has nucleus) Heterotrophic
Have cell walls but CANNOT make own food!
Examples: Yeast, mold, lichens, mushrooms
5 Kingdoms4. Plant
Multicellular (has many cells) Eukaryotic (has nucleus) Autotrophic
Have cell walls Make on food by photosynthesis
Non-motile
5 Kingdoms5. Animal
Multicellular (has many cells) Eukaryotic (has nucleus) Heterotrophic
Obtain food by ingestion Motile
Categories of ClassificationMethod to MemorizeKing Philip CameOverFromGreat Spain
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Organisms grouped into 5 Kingdoms… but there still are differences!
KINGDOMAll organisms in animal kingdom are animals: -_____________,____________,____________
Still differences among animals. Want to get more specific!
PHYLUMGroup similar animals together based on a common characteristic. In this case, all animals with backbonesThese animals will go into a smaller group, called a Phylum!Not as many animals in a phylum!
Big to SmallPhyla are then divided into even more narrow, specific, groupings of organisms called
– Class– Order– Family – Genus– Species
Species:•Organisms in the same species are so similar they can reproduce•Most specific/similar organisms
Wait a minuteAnnotate, write what is going on, in the picture.
•From species to kingdom:– Increase or decrease in number of organisms– Increase or decrease in similarity
•From species to kingdom:– Increase / decrease in number of organisms– Increase / decrease in similarity
Humans Classified..
• Kingdom- Animalia• Phylum- Chordata• Class- Mammalia• Order- Primates• Family- Hominidae• Genus- Homo• Species- sapiens
Classification WorksheetMatch the correct Taxon with the correct amount of organisms:
1.Genus _________
2.Species _________
3.Kingdom _________
4.Order _________
5.Class _________
6.Family _________
7.Phylum _________
A. 2 million (organisms)
B. 1 (organism)
C. 100
D. 500,000
E. 750,000
F. 75,000
G. 10,000
Do Now
1. How are organisms classified?
2. Explain the difference between:– Kingdom vs. Phylum – Kingdom vs. Species
3. What are fungi?
4. Do organisms get more or less similar going from Kingdom to Species?
1. How is classification similar to how food items are organized at a supermarket so you can find them?
Icepack, napkins, red apple, green apple, pineapple, Ribeye steak, Ice cream, celery, lettuce, gummy bears
2. Create your own classification of these objects in a supermarket.
How do we write Scientific Names?
Thank you Carolus Linnaeus! Linneaus came up with binomial nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature:Name of an organism uses Genus and SpeciesGenus is always capitalizedSpecies is always lowercase Both names ALWAYS written in italics
Human: Homo sapiens
Humans Classified..
• Kingdom- Animalia• Phylum- Chordata• Class- Mammalia• Order- Primates• Family- Hominidae• Genus- Homo• Species- sapiens
1. Scientific name for a wolf? How do you write it?
2. What are properties shared by the wolf family and cat family?
3. Members of which taxon share the most properties?
Classification ToolsDichotomous Key – an organized set of couplets (pairs of descriptions) of different characteristics of biological organisms.
Simplifies the identification of biological organisms
Compare the characteristics of an unknown organism to an appropriate dichotomous key.
The key will begin general and lead to pairs of descriptions that get more specific
Follow the key, like a treasure hunt, and you will find the correct organism based on it’s features!
Numeric key with couplets presented together. The major advantage of this method of presentation is that both characteristics in a couple can be evaluated and compared very easily.
1a. Bean round Garbanzo bean 1b. Bean elliptical or oblong Go to 2
2a. Bean white White northern 2b. Bean has dark pigments Go to 3
3a. Bean evenly pigmented Go to 43b. Bean pigmentation mottled Pinto bean
4a. Bean black Black bean 4b. Bean reddish-brown Kidney bean
WX Y Z
Notes
• Using a Dichotomous Key:– If you have 2 organisms that are the same
scientific name, then you made a mistake– Be very careful in your observations and following
the key