i nt v dy ni Rushmore

Nu ln u tin n tiu bang Nam Dakota, hn bn s v cng ngc nhin v thch th khi c tn mt chim ngng chn dung khng l ca bn v Tng thng M c tc thng ln ni hoa cng.

ng cch nh Rushmore vi cy s, du khch nhn thy bc ph iu bn gng mt sinh ng ca 4 v tng thng: Georges Washington (tng trng cho s u tranh ginh c lp), Thomas Jefferson (tng trng cho nn dn ch ca nc M), Theodore Roosevelt (tng trng cho s bo v thin nhin) v Abraham Lincoln (tng trng cho s t do). Tuy khng hn l nhng chnh tr gia xut sc nht, nhng h l biu tng cho nhng giai on lch s ng nh ca nc M.

Hng v pha ng Nam, qun th tng lun n nhn nhng tia nng ban mai u tin. Mi khun mt c chiu cao 18 mt, con mt di 3 mt, kho ming 5,5 mt, sng mi 6 mt. Nu ly u tng lm chun, nhn theo t l th tng ton thn mt v tng thng s cao 215 mt. V nu bn n tham quan ng lc ngi ta ang bo tr, tu sa 4 khun mt, th bn s thy cc chuyn vin leo ln trn mt tng, trng nh l nhng con nhn nh b trn mt tri u .Honh trng n vy, song khng v th m bc ph iu th rp, tri li, tng ng nt c gt o ht sc t m, mn mng, cc chi tit khc ho c nt ring ca tng ngi v trng rt c hn. Bn di bn bc tng tng thng, vch v rng thng ph kn. Con ng lt g len li di vch ni cho php du khch tn b v ngm nhn gng mt cc tng thng t nhiu pha, nhiu gc .

C tn mt chng kin 4 mt tng chnh vnh trn sn ni dc ngc, tr tri khng mt ch bm vu, mi thy khm phc lng am m, sc sng to v s lao ng mit mi ca Gutzon Borglum tc gi ca cng trnh iu khc v i ny.

Gutzon sinh nm 1867, l con trai mt ngi an Mch nhp c. Nm 23 tui, Gutzon Borglum n Php theo hc ngnh iu khc vi mt ngh s bc thy ca ngh thut iu khc th gii thi by gi l Auguste Rodin. Vi ti nng thin ph, Gutzon Borglum nhanh chng hc c b quyt li dng nh sng dng nn nhng bc tng c o bng cc cht liu cng nh hoa cng mt cch sinh ng nht.

Khi tr v M, Gutzon Borglum tnh c gp nh s hc kim nh chnh lun ti ba Dorn Robinson. Trong cuc gp g ny, nh s hc gi rng ng c tng dng mt bc tng chn dung bn v tng thng ni ting ca M, lu li cho hu th, ghi khc vai tr ca h trong lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca mt nc M phn thnh. Rt tm c vi tng ny, nh iu khc Gutzon Borglum bt tay vo thc hin tc phm iu khc v i ghi du tn tui v ti nng c mt i ngh s ca mnh. a im m ng chn l vng ni Blake vi nh Rushmore trong khun vin rng 15,7 km2 v cao 152 mt. So vi khung cnh xung quanh, vng ni ni bt trn nn ca nhng thung lng, rng cy v h nc pha bn di. Vo thng 8 nm 1927, mc d 60 tui nhng Gutzon Borglum vn rt cn sung sc, ng bt tay vo thc hin tc phm i ny.

Trong iu kin lm vic lc by gi cn thiu thn phng tin k thut cng vi ngun kinh ph hn hp, nhng nim hng phn sng to v quyt tm ca mt ngh s gip ng thc hin c nguyn. Vn dng nhng kin thc hc c t ngi thy ca mnh cng vi nhng kinh nghim ca mt thi gian di gn b vi ngh thut iu khc, Gutzon Borglum dn phc ha nn chn dung ca bn nhn vt quan trng bc nht trong lch s nc M ny ln vch ni cheo leo ca nh Rushmore.

Ngi ngh s ca chng ta dng nhng mi khoan, thuc n nh v v cc phng tin th cng h tr bt u tc nn khun mt Georges Washington. Trn cao cheo leo ca nh ni hoa cng Rushmore, Gutzon Borglum v 360 cng nhn ph vic phi treo mnh trn nhng si dy thng, o tng ming nh tc nn mt hnh nh ln ca chn dung tng thng Georges Washington bng c lng say m ngh tht v s tn knh dnh cho nhn vt lch s ny.

Do nhiu l do khch quan nh thi tit, kinh ph, v s bt hp tc ca S qun l cng vin quc gia m cng trnh ca Gutzon Borglum lin tc b gin on, nhng cui cng bc chn dung u tin tc tng thng Georges Washington cng c hon thnh. n nm 1936 ng hon thnh chn dung tng thng Thomas Jefferson, nm 1937 hon thnh bc chn dung tng thng Abraham Lincoln. Khi bc chn dung ca tng thng Theodore Roosevelt gn hon tt th bt ng nh iu khc Gutzon Borglum qua i tui 74 v kit sc. Sau Gutzon Lincoln - ngi con trai ng thi cng l mt tr l c lc ca ng t nhng ngy u bt tay vo thc hin cng trnh ny - thay cha mnh ch huy thc hin nt phn vic cn dang d. Hai thng sau ngy Gutzon Borglum qua i, bc chn dung cui cng tc tng thng Theodore Roosevelt hon tt. cng l lc cc ngh s v i ny ri khi nh Rushmore mt cch thm lng sau 14 nm 2 thng lm vic.

Phi ch n ng 50 nm sau, tc phm v i tc chn dung bn v tng thng ca nc M trn vch ni Rushmore mi c coi l biu tng quc gia, sau khi Tng thng Georges Bush (cha) n lm l t tn cho tng i ny. iu ng tic l nh iu khc v i, tc gi ca tng i ny, khng cn sng tn hng nim vui trn vn, cng nh khng c tn mt chng kin ngy tc phm m ng b cng sc ca c mt i mnh c n nhn v tn vinh. Tuy vy, c l bn kia th gii, Gutzon Borglum cng mn nguyn khi bit rng tc phm ca mnh gi y c coi l mt trong nhng biu tng ca nc M v hng nm cng trnh ny thu ht ti trn 3 triu khch du lch n tham quan.