dong y chan doan va luan tri - nguyen huu khai.pdf

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NG Y CHN ON V LUN TR

Tin s Nguyn Hu Khai

Nh xut bn H Ni 2006

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GGIIII TTHHIIEEUU

Y hoc ong phng von c coi la Hai hoc bi s

menh mong va huyen b cua no. Ngi hoc cang i cang thay

rong, cang hoc cang thay thieu Sach giao khoa ve ong y co

ti hang ngan bo ma vi quy thi gian cua ca i ngi cung

khong the oc het. V the van e quan trong trong viec giang

day va hoc tap la phng phap tong hp.

Toi oc ban thao cuon: ong y chan oan va luan tr

cua Lng y, Tien s Nguyen Hu Khai nhan thay nhng kien

thc nh rng uc ket t ngan xa en nay a c

Nguyen Hu Khai khai quat t ly thuyet khoa hoc va a mo

hnh hoa theo t duy toan hoc. Vi cach dien at de hieu, de

hoc va de pho cap. Bang he thong kien thc chat che t cac

hnh o mach ly, hnh o dc hoi, hnh o bat phap va nhng

bai bien chng luan tr mau khong ch mang tnh logic,

thuyet phuc ma con rat am a ban sac y hoc co truyen. ong

thi nhng kien thc kho nh lai c Nguyen Hu Khai

chuyen thanh the th luc bat kheo leo va de thuoc, e ban oc

de dang lanh hoi, ng dung lam sang va co the t hoc c.


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Cuon ong y chan oan va luan tr a c Lng y,

Tien s Nguyen Hu Khai m rong t luan an: Bien chng

luan tr theo triet ly y hoc phng ong va phng phap s

dung dc lieu thien nhien e cha benh. Luan an nay a

c Vien Han lam khoa hoc Xechenop - Lien bang Nga

anh gia cao va cong nhan hoc v Tien s cho Lng y

Nguyen Hu Khai. Vi y nguyen c ong gop phan kien

thc va tr sang tao cua mnh cho nen y hoc co truyen nc

nha, Tien s Nguyen Hu Khai a day cong bien soan

thanh mot bo sach.

Toi anh gia cao ve cong trnh bien soan mot cach sang

tao, he thong hoa c cac bo mon y dc hoc co truyen lien

quan mot cach cu the, sinh ong, de thay, de hieu, mang tnh

mi me va hien ai.

T cam nhan tren xin thay li gii thieu, toi mong c

s cam thong va quan tam vi nen y hoc co truyen nc nha

cua quy v, ong thi knh mong quy v gop y kien xay dng

cho tac pham mi nay cua lng y, tien s Nguyen Hu Khai.

Ha Noi, mua ong nam 2000

Gs.Ts Vu Hoan

Pho Chu tch Hoi cac nganh sinh hocViet Nam

Chu tch Hoi cac nganh sinh hoc Ha Noi.

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Chng I: Y LY C BAN LIEN QUAN

MAT THIET EN CHAN OAN

VA LUAN TR

1. KHAI NIEM VE KH, HUYET, THUY, HOA

I. KH

1. ai cng ve kh

oi tng nghien cu chu yeu trong triet ly y hoc

phng ong la kh. Trong c the con ngi, t manh da,

mieng tht, si long, si toc, ot xng, nc mat, nc

mieng... eu la kh (kh dang hu hnh). Trong vu tru s d

co s song la nh kh. Chung ta tiep nhan c anh sang, tiep

nhan c nhiet o nong, lanh, gio mat, oi bc cung nh kh.

Trong phng ngon co cau: nhan tuyet kh tac t (ngi

tuyet kh th chet). Trong cau nay: Kh ma khi tuyet th ngi

ta chet co phai la kh tri khong? Khong hoan toan nh vay v

nhieu trng hp ngi ta nam gia bau khong kh trong lanh

ma van chet. Vay th kh ma chung ta muon khao cu ay la

g? Van e at ra la phai nghien cu sau rong ve ban chat cua

kh.

2. Khai niem ve kh


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Co ba ch kh: mot ch kh co ngha la bo i, la xa, quen

i, mot ch kh am ch cong cu, o dung va mot ch kh the hien

ca sinh thai cua s song va vat chat. Chung ta ch e cap, nghien

cu ch kh nay thoi. Ch mot ch kh nay ma biet bao nhieu hp

t co no. Ch Han c tao thanh mang tnh chat tng ngha,

tng thanh, tng hnh... va trong nguyen tac cau truc nhng

ch ong am ma khac ve y ngha, khac ve ban chat th ch viet

khac nhau. Vay ma biet bao nhieu hp t co ch kh. Ch kh

nay co bo me, the hien mot y ngha la co s song va co s song

la co no. Chung ta i vao nghien cu ba loai kh:

- Khong kh.

- Than kh.

- Dinh kh.

(Khong kh, than kh, dinh kh ve y ngha hoan toan khac

nhau, nhng co chung ban chat nen co chung mot ch viet).

2.1. Khong kh: La kh tri, con ngi ta song trong kh

tri nh ca song trong nc.

Khong kh gom co kh oxy, nit, hydro, cacbon...

2.2. Than kh: Co dung kh, hao kh, sau kh...

o la cai kh the hien t trong than phach, tam hon, tinh

lc con ngi. V nh:

- Dung kh la cai kh tao nen s dung cam va t hanh

ong dung cam no toat ra cai kh ma goi la dung kh. Trong

than kh con co chnh kh. Y ngha chnh kh nay khac vi

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chnh kh trong ieu tr (chnh kh h). Tai cac ban th cua

ngi Hoa kieu, ngi ta co th Quan Van Trng ma pha

chnh dien co ch chnh kh co y la ho ton sung Quan Van

Trng moi t duy, hanh ong eu chnh ang va t duy hanh

ong o luon toat ra chnh kh.

Con sinh kh hp t nay khong co ngha la kh song ma

sinh kh la bc tc, uat c, cau gian. Cai kh nay la mot trong

t o tng cung vi tu, sac, tai.

Ngi xa coi: Tu, sac, tai, kh (ru, gai, tien bac,

kh) la 4 bc tng km ham ch tien thu cua con ngi, cai

kh o cung thuoc ve than kh.

2.3. Dinh kh: La thanh phan trong dinh dng, mot

thanh phan cau tao cua c the, la chat c ban duy tr s song

cua con ngi co tac dung thuc ay huyet va cac cong nang

tang phu, kinh lac hoat ong. Trong dinh kh co nguyen kh.

Nguyen kh con goi la chan kh, kh cua chan nguyen, do tien

thien sinh ra c tang tr than.

- Vinh kh: Trong o an thc uong cua con ngi, ch co 5

loai goi la ngu v: tan, toan, cam, ham, kho (tan la v cay, toan

la v chua, cam la v ngot, ham la v man, kho la v ang). Nam

v nay sau khi nhap v (a vao bao t) th c ho tr do s van

hoa thuy coc cua ty va c nguyen kh t than a len xuc tac,

ngu v a c hoa thanh ngu kh. o la chiem, tinh, hng, tieu,

hu (chiem la mui cua cam thu chet, tinh la mui tanh, hng la

mui thm, tieu la mui khet, hu la mui muc nat).


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Ngu kh nay con goi la kh ty v. Ngu kh c a len

thu thai am phe roi t o phan bo ti cac ngu tang luc phu

cung co huyet va nuoi dng c the.

Phan kh nay c vao mach thanh mot bo phan cua

huyet dch goi la vinh kh.

- Tong kh: Tong kh la kh tri hp vi kh cua t v ma

thanh, s van hanh cua kh huyet. S ho hap hi th tieng noi va

moi hoat ong eu quan he mat thiet en tong kh.

- Ve kh: Ve kh bat nguon t tien thien do dng kh

cua than sinh ra, c bo sung khong ngng bang kh Ty v,

hoat ong c la do s tuyen phat cua phe.

Ve kh i ngoai mach phan bo toan than trong th lam

am noi tang, ngoai th tham nhuan da long, ong m tuyen

mo hoi, bao ve c the chong ngoai ta xam nhap.

Vay chung ta co the i en ket luan rang: Kh la mot

dang hp chat cha hu hnh trong thanh phan c cau khong

gian va c the con ngi ta cung nh trong moi sinh thai cua

vu tru, do s van hoa khac nhau ma tao thanh cac loai kh

khac nhau va mang tnh chat khac nhau.

II. HUYET

Khai niem ve huyet

S song con va manh yeu cua con ngi la phu thuoc

thanh phan huyet, chc nang huyet va khoi lng huyet.

Chang nhng the huyet con quyet nh ca tnh cam, ly tr, tnh

tnh va ac iem rieng cua con ngi nh ngi ta thng noi:

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anh ay co mau lieu lnh, ba nay co mau ghen, ong nay co mau

nong, anh kia co mau c bac....

- Ngoai danh t huyet noi huyet con goi la tam huyet,

can huyet.

- Tam huyet la huyet do tam quan ly va thuoc ve tam.

- Can huyet la huyet tang tr tai can do can quan ly va

ieu hanh.

Hai loai huyet tren la mot song khi bat bnh thng th

no la hnh thai va phng tien bieu hien benh ly cua tam va

bieu hien benh ly cua can. Tnh chat benh ly cua tam va can

khac nhau nen 2 loai phng tien o c mang ten theo

ban tong cua no.

- Tom lai nhng thanh phan tao nen huyet la dang vat

chat hu hnh the long ai tai thuy, hoa, kh, tan dch i ieu

hoa nuoi dng bao ve va phat trien c the.

III. THUY

Khai niem ve thuy

Neu nh ngha theo ngon ng va van pham th co the

noi thuy la nc va nc la thuy. Nhng theo dch ly th Thuy

lai la que Kham va Kham la Thuy. Theo so ly th Thuy la

Can Nham, Can Quy la Chi Ty, Chi Hi va ngc lai Nham,

Quy, Ty, Hi la Thuy. Vay moi bo mon co mot ngon ng

danh t khai niem khac nhau. Trong ong y hoc th thuy hnh

the la nc, song nc khong la thuy ma la nc thuoc thuy v

trong thuy cua y ly khong ch co nc ma con bao gom nhieu


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thanh phan c cau co chc nang khac dang cha hu hnh

va vo hnh.

V the cho nen khi than thuy suy chung ta khong the

uong nc hoac bm nc vao e bo thuy hoac b phu ne th

khong the ieu tr bang cach hut nc ra ma ch ieu tr bang

cach on nh s ieu tiet vay co the khai niem rang: Thuy la

dang vat chat hu hnh hoac vo hnh chu ve s ieu tiet chat

long trong c the.

IV. HOA

Khai niem ve hoa

Trong van pham va ngon ng th hoa co the hieu la la,

la s chay. Song trong y ly ong phng th khong the nh

ngha hoa la la, la s chay. Va khi tam hoa suy khong the bo

hoa bang cach nng tam hoac a la vao c the ma ch

ieu tr bang cach on nh va phuc hoi chc nang ieu nhiet

cho c the. Vay co the i en khai niem rang: Hoa la dang

vat chat vo hnh gi vai tro on nh, ieu tiet nhiet lng

trong c the va trong s chuyen hoa, trao oi chat.

2. KHAI NIEM VE LNG NGHI, AM DNG,

T TNG, NGU HANH

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1. Khai niem ve lng nghi

Trong vu tru cung nh moi sinh thai va con ngi luon

ton tai nhng s tng ng trai ngc nhau va luon co tng

cap, hien tng trai ngc nhau nhng lai gan bo vi nhau.

V du nh: ong - tnh; tren - di; ran - mem; han -

nhiet; h - thc; bieu - ly; am - dng.

Ngi xa a sap xep nhng cap tren thanh hai mat

tng ng qua mot ng ngan cach:

ong Tren Ran Nhiet Thc Bieu Dng

Tnh Di Mem Han H Ly Am

Goi o la lng nghi.

2. Lng nghi la g ?

Giai ngha theo ngha t th lng la mot t trong van

pham hay trong ngon ng oi luc thay the cho ch nh la so 2

nhng khac nh la lng con mang theo ham y can nhac, so

sanh, oi chieu, giong nh hp t: mot cap, mot oi.

Ch nghi la mot t bieu th mot chnh the ti mc cao nhat

lam khuon mau, lam tieu chuan noi ve quy cach th mau mc

nhat ve le tiet th trang nghiem nhat, ep mat nhat. V du nh

trong hp t: Nghi thc, nghi le, nghi dung... Vay chung ta co

the hieu hp t lng nghi nh sau:

Lng nghi la nhng cap tng ng cua cac chnh the (s

vat, s viec, hnh thc, trang thai...).


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II. AM DNG

1. Khai niem ve am dng

Khi nghien cu va van dung lng nghi, ngi ta thay

rang: Dng va am chnh la tong nghi trong cac nghi trong

tng mat tng ng cua lng nghi va t o hoc thuyet am

dng c ra i, no gi mot vai tro vo cung quan trong

trong nhieu lnh vc khoa hoc va la cng lnh bao trum, tham

nhuan trong toan bo qua trnh nghien cu va ng dung cua y

hoc co truyen.

2. nh ngha ve am dng

2.1. Am dng la g?

Bi tam quan trong cua hoc thuyet am dng nen chung

ta khong the dng lai khai niem ma phai mo xe van e cho

ro rang hn. Thien am dng ng tng ai luan to van 5

viet:

- Hoang e noi: Am dng la con ng cua thien a

la ky cng cua van vat, la cha me cua s bien hoa, la ban

thuy cua s sinh sat, la cai phu cua than minh..., cho nen tch

dng thanh thien, tch am thanh a, am tnh, dng sinh, am

trng, dng sat, am tan, dng hoa kh, am hoa hnh.

- Kh thanh dng thanh thien, kh troc am thanh a,

kh boc len thanh may thien kh giang xuong thanh ma, ma

xuat ra t a kh, may xuat ra t thien kh... Thuy thuoc am,

hoa thuoc dng, dng thanh kh, am thanh v.

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Am: Theo nh ngha cua sach Thuyet Van: Am co

ngha am, toi tam. Theo Lng Khai Sieu giai ngha trong

kinh th th ch am co ngha la may che mat tri.

Dng: Theo nh ngha cua sach Thuyet Van co ngha

la cao, sang. Theo Lng Khai Sieu: Dng co ngha la m

rong ra, la bay rong ra, la ln len, la cng ran. Lng Khai

Sieu tom tat t ngha cua ch am va dng nh sau:

- Ch am co ch van kem theo, ch van chnh la may co

ngha goc cua no la: May che mat tri suy rong ra ch am co

ngha la che lai, ay lai. V che vay se lam cho u am. Nhng ni

quay lng lai vi mat tri th u am. Cac thanh th xa thng ta

vao hng Bac va quay lng lai mat tri, suy ra am con la mat

sau, mat trong (ly) hoac hng Bac...

- Ch dng gom ch nhat, ch nhat tren ch vat y noi

luc mat tri moc len. ay cung la luc kh tng rc r nhat

suy rong ra dng la bieu tng sac thai rc r cua mat tri.

Hng ve pha mat tri moc th thay anh sang cua mat tri.

Do o suy ra dng la (chnh dien) la (bieu dien) hoac phng

Nam. Qua o, chung ta co the i en nh ngha nh sau:

2.2. nh ngha am dng

Am dng la he thong s vat luon co mau thuan nhng

thong nhat vi nhau, khong ngng van ong, bien hoa, phat

sinh, phat trien va tieu vong.

2.3. Cac quy luat c ban trong hoc thuyet am dng


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- Am dng oi lap vi nhau: Am dng oi lap la s

mau thuan, che c va au tranh gia hai mat am dng.

V du: Ngay va em, nc va la. c che va hng phan.

- Am dng ho can: Ho can la s nng ta vi nhau mi

ton tai c, mi co y ngha, ca hai eu la qua trnh tch cc

cua s vat, khong the n oc phat sinh, phat trien c.

V du: Co so am mi co so dng, co ong hoa mi co d

hoa hay ngc lai, neu khong co d hoa th qua trnh ong hoa

khong tiep tuc c...

- Am dng tieu trng: Tieu la s mat i, trng la s

phat trien noi len s van ong khong ngng, s chuyen hoa

lan nhau gia hai mat am dng. V du nh s thay oi t

lanh sang nong, la qua trnh am tieu dng trng.

S thay oi t nong sang lanh la qua trnh dng tieu am

trng. Do o co kh nhiet, on, lng, han.

S van ong cua am dng ti mc o nao o se chuyen

hoa sang nhau goi la dng cc sinh am, am cc sinh dng.

- Am dng bnh hanh: Am dng tuy oi lap nhau va

van ong khong ngng nhng luon lap c the thang bang,

s mat thang bang gia hai mat am dng la bieu hien s mat

bnh thng, anh hng en s bao ton cua sinh the vat chat

va s viec...

- Trong am co dng va trong dng co am: Da tren

cac quy luat c ban cua am dng va can c vao thc te,

ngi ta a chng to c rang trong am co dng va trong

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dng co am (am, dng nng ta lan nhau cung ton tai, co

khi xen ke vao nhau trong s phat trien). V du nh s phan

chia thi gian trong 1 ngay (24 gi), ban ngay thuoc dng t

6 gi en 12 gi la phan dng cua dng, t 12 gi en 18

gi la phan am cua dng, ban em thuoc am t 18 gi en

24 gi la phan am cua am, t 0 gi en 6 gi la phan dng

cua am.

Ket luan: S mau thuan thong nhat ben trong s vat la

ong lc phat trien bien hoa cua am dng theo mot quy luat

nhat nh (het thnh lai suy, het suy lai thnh, am cc sinh

dng, dng cc sinh am...). Mat oi lap nay chuyen thanh

mat oi lap kia. Quy luat nay c dien ta bang hnh o ngi

xa tao ra va at ten cho no la hnh o thai cc. o la mot

hnh tron co hai hnh cong hai mau (sang va toi chia dien tch

lam 2 phan bang nhau, mot phan la am, mot phan la dng.

Trong phan am co nhan dng va trong phan dng co nhan

am).

o la mot hnh o duy nhat dien ta quy luat bien hoa

cua am dng

Mau trang bieu th dng. Mau

en bieu th am. Trong dng co

am, trong am co dng. Dng

phat trien t di hng len tren.

Am phat trien t tren hng

xuong di


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HNH O THAI CC

III. T TNG

1. Khai niem ve t tng

S bien hoa cua am dng trai qua qua trnh t thap len

cao roi chuyen hoa t dng sang am hoac t am sang dng.

oi vi dng mi sinh ra goi la thieu dng khi dng phat

trien ti mc cao nhat goi la thai dng. oi vi am mi sinh

ra goi la thieu am, khi am a phat trien ti mc cao nhat goi

la thai am. Bon hnh tng:

- Thieu dng - Thai Dng

- Thieu am - Thai am

Ngi xa goi la t tng.

1.1. Dng minh: Trong ong y hoc cung nh trong

hnh o thai cc, ngi ta con dung t dng minh. Vay dng

minh la g? Ve t ngha dng minh la s sang cua dng va

cung hp ly vi vai tro cua no v t thieu dng la dng kh

mi sinh ra tuy la dng nhng van con co am (cha c

sang to lam) ti dng minh la dng thnh a ay u anh

sang cua dng, roi ti thai dng la dng cc vay ta co the

i ti nh ngha:

nh ngha dng minh: Dng minh la dng thnh.

1.2. Quyet am: oi vi am th ngoai thieu am, thai am

con co quyet am. Vay quyet am la g?

Ve ngha t: Quyet co ngha nh mot s van ong manh

liet, soi noi, nhng s van ong o la nhng phan t nho ong

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khung trong khuon kho mot vat chat. V du: Trong ong y co

benh huyet quyet nhn trong pham tru ln th huyet quyet lai

rat ong, rat hoat ma ch trong pham vi mot ong kn hay

mot bao kn ch khong chay ra vung khac. Bi vay trong

ieu tr, ngi ta khong dung thuoc pha huyet ma benh huyet

quyet ngi ta ch dung thuoc hanh huyet. Muon huyet hanh

th kh phai hanh ma muon ton kh th phai ay huyet (co

ngha la phai bo huyet nh a nc them vao bnh cho ay,

no se chay ra ch khong lac bnh cho nc chay ra).

Trong van pham, ta thng dung t quyet nh bieu

quyet (bieu quyet la mot hnh thc rat soi noi nhng bo hep

trong mot cuoc thao luan va trong cuoc thao luan o lai bo

hep trong nhng ngi u t cach c bieu quyet (ngi

dien cam tnh cha c chnh thc hoac ai bieu en d th

khong c bieu quyet). Vay bieu quyet khong the rong ra

ngoai pham vi mac du hnh thc rat soi ong. Hoac trong cac

t quye t tam, quyet chien cung vay Trong am dng vai tro

cua quyet am khong tng ng vi dng minh cua dng v

thieu am la m toi, m toi roi ti cc toi ch khong goi la toi

ro nh ta goi sang ro. Quyet am co ham y la am kh ong

trong am thuc ay manh liet s hoat ong cua phan am. Neu

v nh am la mot cai bao kn th s cang phong len la quyet

am vay.

nh ngha: Quyet am la s phat ong, thuc ay phan

am hoat ong trong qua trnh bien hoa.

1.3. Ban ve t tng vi dng minh va quyet am


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Trong o hnh thai cc: Ve phan am th co Thieu am,

Thai am va quyet am. Ve phan dng th co thieu dng,

dng minh va thai dng. Vay co the at van e tai sao

khong ghep dng minh va quyet am vao t tng cho thanh

luc tng. ieu nay ly giai nh sau:

+ Trong t tng co thieu am tng nghi vi thieu dng

(cung la cai mi sinh ra).

+ Thai am tng nghi vi thai dng (cung la cai a

cc), con dng minh vi quyet am th khong tng nghi.

Dng minh la dng thnh con quyet am la s thuc ay am

kh hoat ong. Cho nen khong the co luc tng.

IV. NGU HANH

1. Khai niem ve vat chat va ngu hanh

Vat chat la hnh the tac ong vao giac quan va cho ta cam

giac. Trong vu tru co vo van vat chat khac nhau, khi nghien

cu ngi ta thay rang co 5 loai vat chat la kim, thuy, moc, hoa

va tho mang ac thu nh to tien cua cac loai vat chat va 5 loai

vat chat kim, thuy, moc, hoa va tho luon luon van ong, chuyen

hoa theo qui luat bao ton, triet tieu, suy vong va phat trien.

2. nh ngha ngu hanh

Ngu hanh la 5 loai vat chat c ban ai dien cho tong the

cac loai vat chat nho be, thng, phu co trong vu tru.

3. S qui nap s vat theo ngu hanh

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oi vi cac loai s vat con lai co trong vu tru, ta co the

ghep vao mot trong 5 hanh neu u ieu kien hp ly va e tien

viec nghien cu va ng dung co nhan a thc hien viec qui

nap hp ly ti mc toi u ma trai qua hang ngan nam ti nay

van thay sang to ve phng dien hp ly va chac chan s phu

hp o se vnh cu vi thi gian.

Viec qui nap vat chat theo ngu hanh c thc hien theo

bang di ay:

HIEN

TN

G

NGU HANH

MO

C

HOA THO KIM THUY

Vat chat Cay La at Kim loai Nc

Mau sac Xanh o Vang Trang en

V Chua ang Ngot Cay Man

Mua Xuan Ha Cuoi ha Thu ong

Phng ong Nam Trung ng Tay Bac

Tang Can Tam Ty Phe Than

Phu m Tieu trng V ai

trng

Bang quang

Ngu the Can Mach Tht Da long Xng tuy

Ngu

quan

Mat Li Mieng Mui Tai

Tnh ch Gian Mng Lo Buon S

4. Cac qui luat hoat ong cua ngu hanh


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4.1. Qui luat tng sinh

(Moc) ot chay sinh la (hoa), la thieu moi vat chat

thanh tro bui, thanh at (tho). Trong long at sinh ra kim loai

(kim) la the ran chac. The ran chac sinh ra the long (thuy), co

nc sinh ra cay coi (moc). Nh vay:

Moc sinh hoa, hoa sinh tho, tho sinh kim, kim sinh thuy,

thuy sinh moc. Trong c the con ngi can moc sinh tam hoa,

tam hoa sinh ty tho, ty tho sinh phe kim, phe kim sinh than

thuy, than thuy sinh can moc.

4.2. Quy luat tng khac

- Moc khac tho nh re cay an sau vao long at.

- Tho khac thuy nh ap e ngan nc.

- Thuy khac hoa nh dung nc cha la.

- Hoa khac kim nh la lam nong chay kim loai.

- Kim khac moc nh dung ca, uc ca go, uc go.

Trong c the con ngi: can moc khac ty tho, ty tho

khac than thuy, than thuy khac tam hoa, tam hoa khac phe

kim, phe kim khac can moc.

Qui luat tng sinh, tng khac che hoa theo hnh ve sau:

- Mui ten theo vong tron la tng sinh.

- Mui ten theo sao vang la tng khac.

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NGU HANH TNG SINH, TNG KHAC

4.3. Tng tha - Tng vu

Trong ieu kien bat thng hay benh ly co hien tng

hanh no, tang no khac hanh kia, tang kia qua manh goi la

tng tha hoac hanh no, tang no khong khac c hanh kia,

tang kia goi la tng vu.

V du ve tng tha: Bnh thng can moc khac ty tho, neu

Can khac Ty qua manh se anh hng ti chc nang cua ty, v

gay roi loan tieu hoa, au bao t. Khi cha phai bnh can (ha

hng phan cua can) va kien ty (nang cao s hoat ong cua ty).

Tng vu bnh thng ty tho khac than thuy, neu Ty h

khong khac c than thuy se gay nc trong benh tieu chay

keo dai hoac phu suy dinh dng. Khi cha phai kien ty (nang cao

s hoat ong cua ty) va li tieu (e het phu thung).

5. ng dung ngu hanh trong y hoc

5.1. Ve quan he benh ly

Can c vao ngu hanh tm v tr phat sinh mot chng benh

cua mot tang hay mot phu nao o e tm ra phng phap cha


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benh thch hp. S phat sinh ra mot chng benh tang, phu nao

o co the xay ra nam v tr khac nhau sau ay:

Chnh ta: Do ban than tang phu ay co benh.

H ta: Do tang me cua tang o gay benh cho tang o.

Thc ta: Do tang con cua tang o gay benh cho tang o.

Tac ta: Do tang khac tang o gay benh cho tang o

(tng tha).

Vi ta: Do tang o khong khac c tang ma no phai

khac ma tang o b benh (tng vu). V du: Mat ngu la mot

chng benh cua tang tam co the xay ra 5 v tr khac nhau va

cach cha cung khac nhau:

Chnh ta: Ban than tang tam gay mat ngu nh thieu mau

khong nuoi dng c than. Khi cha phai bo huyet an than.

H ta: Do tang can gay benh cho tam nh can kh

nghch, can kh uat, can nhiet la huyet nhiet gay mat ngu. Khi

cha phai bnh can an than.

Thc ta: Do tang Ty b h, c nhuc yeu, sc hoat ong

cua Tam yeu khong on nh c tam than. Khi cha phai

kien Ty an than.

Tac ta: Do than h khong khac c tam hoa (nguyen

kh cua than khong u e cung co dinh kh cho Tam huyet)

gay mat ngu. Khi cha phai bo Than an than.

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Vi ta: Do phe h anh hng en nguon tong kh trao oi

cho tam huyet gay roi loan c cau huyet phan. Khi cha phai

bo phe an than.

5.2. Ve chan oan hoc

Can c vao mau sac, kh thai e oan benh.

5.3. Ve ieu tr hoc

e ra nguyen tac cha benh: H th bo me, thc th ta con.

3. TANG PHU

NGU TANG

oi vi c cau cua con ngi cu the la tang phu, ong y

hoc nghien cu chu yeu ve chc nang, s oi thay bien hoa va

s lien quan lan nhau cua cac tang phu, khong lu y en van

e giai phau mo hnh.


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I. TANG TAM

Tang Tam la coi nguon cua s song, la ni tang than, la

cho phat sinh ra s oi thay, s linh hoat tinh hoa cua no hien

len gng mat, s sung tuc cua no bieu hien huyet mach.

1. Chc nang cua tam

1.1. Chu ve tnh ch

Tnh ch la cac hoat ong ve tinh than, t duy. Tinh va

huyet la c s cho hoat ong ve tinh than ma tam lai chu ve

huyet nen tam cung chu ve tnh ch, tam con la ni c tru cua

than. V vay con goi la tam tang than. Tam kh va tam

huyet ay u th tinh than sang suot, tnh tao, neu tam huyet

khong ay u th xuat hien cac trieu chng nh hoi hop, mat

ngu, hay me, hay quen.

1.2. Chu ve huyet mach bieu hien ra mat

Tam kh thuc ay huyet dch trong mach i nuoi dng

toan than. Neu tam kh ay u, huyet dch van hanh khong

ngng toan than c nuoi dng tot bieu hien net mat hong

hao ti nhuan.

1.3. Khai khieu ra li

Biet lac cua kinh tam thong ra li, kh huyet cua tam i

ra li e duy tr s hoat ong cua chat li, e chan oan

benh tam nh chat li o la tam nhiet, chat li xanh va co

iem huyet la huyet b ben trong noi tang...

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1.4. Tam bao lac

La to chc ben ngoai cua tam e bao ve cho tam khoi ta

kh xam nhap. Ngoai ra, tam bao lac con co nhiem vu thuc

ay s co bop va hoat ong cua tam. Tren thc te lam sang

cac trieu chng benh cua tam va Tam bao lac giong nhau.

2. Cac hoi chng cua tam

- Tam han: Vung ngc trai au cap, chan tay lanh gia,

mach tram tr.

- Tam nhiet: Trong long buon bc, noi nham, li cng

hoac mat li nt ne, mach sac.

- Tam h: Hoi hop, s hai, mat ngu, hay quen.

- Tam thc: Tinh than roi loan hay ci noi nham, bc doc.

II. TANG PHE

Tang phe la coi nguon cua than kh, la ni nng gia cua

phach, phan tinh hoa hien ra long, phan sung tuc hien da.

1. Chc nang cua Phe

1.1. Chu kh, chu ho hap

Phe la ni trao oi kh, ht thanh kh, thai troc kh nen

noi Phe chu ho hap.

Phe chu kh v phe co lien quan en tong kh. Tong kh tao

thanh nh tinh kh cua con ngi hp vi kh tri ma do phe ieu

hanh quan ly. Phe kh bnh thng th ng ho hap thong, hi th

ieu hoa. Neu phe kh h, kem, xuat hien chng kho th, th

nhanh, tieng noi nho, ngi met moi khong co sc.


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1.2. Chu ve tuyen phat va tuc giang

- Tuyen phat: Co ngha la thuc ay s tan phat kh, goi

tat la s tuyen phe. Thuc ay kh huyet tan dch phan bo ra

toan than, ben trong i vao cac tang phu kinh lac, ben ngoai

i ra b mao, c nhuc, neu phe kh khong tuyen se gay ung

tre, gay tc ngc, ngat th, kho th.

- Tuc giang: La a kh i xuong, neu phe kh i xuong

la thuan, neu phe kh nghch len tren uat tai Phe se gay tc

ngc, ngat mui, suyen tc.

1.3. Phe chu b mao thong ieu thuy ao

Phe chu b mao: B mao la phan ngoai cua c the gom

da, long, tuyen mo hoi la ni ta kh ben ngoai bat au xam

nhap vao c the, nh tac dung tuyen phat phe em cac chat

dinh dng cho b mao e chong ngoai ta. V vay khi co

benh phan bieu thng thay xuat hien cac chng the hien

b phu va c quan ho hap nh ngoai cam, phong han: s lanh,

s gio, ngat mui, ho... Neu phe kh h yeu khong tuyen phat

ra b mao lam da, long kho, rap...

Chu ve thong ieu thuy ao: Nh tac dung tuyen phat va

tuc giang, nc trong c the c bai tiet ra bang ng mo

hoi, hi th, ai tien nhng chu yeu la theo ng tieu tien,

phe kh a nc tieu xuong than, than kh hoa va tai hap thu

mot phan roi a xuong bang quang bai tiet ra ngoai. Tren

lam sang benh phu thung do phong thuy (viem cau than do

lanh) c cha bang phng phap tuyen phe, li nieu.

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1.4. Khai khieu ra mui, thong vi hong, chu ve tieng noi

Mui la ni th cua phe, mui e th va ngi thong qua

tac dung cua phe kh. Phe kh bnh thng th s ho hap ieu

hoa. Neu phe kh tr ngai nh ngoai ta xam nhap th gay ngat

mui, chay nc mui. Phng phap cha van lay tuyen phe la

chnh, phe con chu tieng noi, cam nhap phe th mat tieng.

2. Hoi chng cua phe

- Phe han: S lanh, chay nc mui, ho ra am, bot trang.

- Phe nhiet: Chay mau mui, au hong, ho khac ra mau.

- Phe h: Da long kho, hi th yeu, ngan, sac da trang

bech, s lanh.

- Phe thc: Long ngc ay tc, hi th gap, to, manh

III. TANG THAN

Tang than la coi nguon cua s thau liem tinh, kh, thuy,

hoa la ni an tang cua tinh hoa, vinh nhuan the hien ra toc, s

sung tuc the hien xng.

1. Chc nang cua than

1.1.Than tang tinh chu ve sinh duc va phat duc cua c

the

Tinh cua tien thien va tinh cua hau thien eu c tang tr

than goi la than tinh, tinh bien thanh kh nen con goi la than

kh. Than tinh con goi la than am, nguyen am, than kh con goi

la than dng, nguyen dng, menh mon hoa, than tinh va than

kh quyet nh s phat duc cua c the.


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1.2. Chu ve kh hoa nc

Than kh co chc nang kh hoa nc tc la em nc do

o an thc uong a ti ti cho cac to chc c the roi bai tiet

ra ngoai.

1.3. Chu ve xng, tuy, thong vi nao va vinh nhuan ra

toc

Tinh c tang tr than, tinh sinh tuy, tuy nuoi dng

xng nen goi la than chu cot. Tuy cot song thong vi nao nen

goi than thong vi nao, khong ngng bo sung tinh tuy cho nao.

Huyet do tinh sinh ra, tinh tang tr than, toc la san

pham d cua huyet, c huyet nuoi dng. V vay than la

can nguyen sinh ra toc, s thnh suy cua than co quan he mat

thiet vi toc.

1.4. Chu ve nap kh

Khong kh do phe ht vao c keo xuong an ien goi

la s nap kh cua than, neu than h khong nap c kh, kh

nghch len gay chng ho, hen, suyen tc.

Tren lam sang ngi ta cha chng hen suyen bang

cach bo than va phuc hoi chc nang nap kh cho than

1.5. Khai khieu ra tai va tien am, hau am

Thnh lc nghe do than tinh nuoi dng, than h se gay

tai u, tai iec. Tien am la ni bai tiet nc tieu va phat trien

sinh duc, v vay noi than chu ve tien am.

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Hau am la ni ai tien ra phan do tang ty am nhiem

nhng ty dng c than kh hoa e bai tiet phan ra ngoai

nen noi than chu ve hau am.

2. Hoi chng cua than

- Than han: Chan tay lanh gia, hay nam co, a long ve

buoi sang.

- Than nhiet: Nc tieu o, sen, ai tien tao bon, au

rang, chay mau chan rang.

- Than h: U tai, moi lng goi, di tinh, mo hoi trom.

- Than thc: Thng cam giac kho chu do hi a t

bung di don len.

IV. TANG CAN

Tang can la coi nguon cua s hoat ong, la ni nng

gia cua hon, vinh nhuan ra mong tay, mong chan. S sung tuc

the hien gan, chu ve tang huyet, ieu huyet va bai tiet.

1. Chc nang cua can

1.1. Chu ve tang huyet va ieu huyet

Tang huyet la tang tr va ieu tiet lng mau trong c

the. Luc ngh ngi, ngu nhu cau ve huyet dch t, mau c

tang tr can, trai lai luc hoat ong nhu cau dinh dng cua

c the oi hoi cao hn th can lai bai xuat khoi lng mau d

tr e cung cap kp thi.

1.2. Chu ve s tiet


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S tiet la s th thai, thong xng con goi la s ieu

at can kh chu ve s tiet giup cho s van hanh kh cua cac

tang phu c de dang, thong suot, thang giang c ieu

hoa, can kh s tiet kem se co nhng bieu hien ve tnh ch va

s tieu hoa bat thng.

1.3. Chu ve can, vinh nhuan ra mong

Can la gan mach gom cac khp gan c phu trach viec

van ong cua c the. Noi can chu can tc la s nuoi dng cac

can bang huyet cua can. Can huyet ay u can mach c

nuoi dng tot, van ong tot. Neu can huyet h gay cac chng

te bai, chan tay run, co quap cng khp...

Mong tay, chan la cho d cua can mach, nen tnh trang

thieu u cua can huyet se bieu hien s hong, nhuan hay cng

cap cua mong tay, mong chan.

1.4. Khai khieu ra mat

Tinh kh cua ngu tang thong at qua huyet dch eu i len

mat, nhng chu yeu la do tang can v kinh can i len mat.

2. Hoi chng cua can

- Can han: au bung di, non khan ra bot.

- Can nhiet: Mat o au nhieu khi co giat. au buot bo

phan sinh duc.

- Can h: Hay chong mat, mat quang ga, mong tay,

mong chan kho, hay b chuot rut (vot be).

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- Can thc: Hay au sn keo chan xuong bung di,

chua, hay gian, bc tc.

V. TANG TY

Tang ty la coi nguon cua s van hoa thuy coc la ni che

bien thuy coc thanh tinh kh, vinh nhuan the hien moi, s

sung tuc the hien c bap.

1. Chc nang cua tang ty

1.1. Chu ve van hoa

- Van hoa o an: La s tieu hoa hap thu va van chuyen

cac chat dinh dng. Thc an c a vao bao t (da day).

Bao t co nhiem vu cha va tiet dch tieu hoa. Ty lam nhiem

vu van chuyen dinh dng len phe. Phe a vao tam mach e

em i nuoi dng tang phu, ong thi ty van chuyen can ba

vao ai trang, nc c qua than. Cong nang van hoa o an

cua ty manh goi la kien van th s hap thu tot, trai lai, neu

ty mat kien van se gay cac chng roi loan ve tieu hoa, an

kem, a chay, met moi.

- Van hoa thuy thap: Ty a nc en cac to chc c the

e nuoi dng, sau o chuyen xuong than ra bang quang bai

tiet ra ngoai. Nh vay viec ai ta nc trong c the do s van

hoa cua ty phoi hp vi s tuc giang cua phe va s kh hoa cua

than, s van hoa thuy thap cua ty kem se gay chng am am

nc tran ra t chi gay phu thung, xuong ai trang gay a chay,

tch tai khoang bung gay co trng.


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- Thong huyet: Thong huyet co ngha la nhiep huyet,

quan ly huyet, khong che huyet, s kien van o an cua ty la

nguon goc cua kh huyet, ty kh manh huyet se i trong, trai

lai ty kh h khong thong c huyet, huyet se ra ngoai gay

xuat huyet, rong kinh, ai tien ra mau.

- Chu c nhuc, chu t chi: Ty em cac chat dinh dng cua

mnh en nuoi c nhuc, neu Ty kh ay u se lam cho c nhuc ran

chac, t chi nhe nhang, linh hoat. Trai lai, neu ty kh yeu se lam

tht mem, trng lc c giam gay t chi met moi, gay cac chng

sa bao t, sa trc trang, sa t cung.

- Khai khieu ra mieng, vinh nhuan ra moi: Khai khieu ra

mieng la noi ve s an uong, khau v, ty manh th muon an, an

ngon mieng, ty h th chan an, lat mieng.

Ty chu ve c nhuc lai khai khieu ra mieng nen bieu hien

s vinh nhuan ra moi; ty manh th moi hong nhuan, ty h th

moi tham xam, nhat mau.

2. Hoi chng cua ty

- Ty han: Tieu hoa kem, non ma, a long, chan tay

lanh, au bung.

- Ty nhiet: Moi o hoac moc mun, au bung quan tng

cn, ai tien ra bot.

- Ty h: Sac mat vang bech, chan tay met moi, kem an.

- Ty thc: Bung ay trng, b hi.

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LUC PHU

I. M

1. Chc nang

m la mot tui cha mat do gan bai tiet ra, ngi ta goi

la kh tha cua gan tran vao mat tu lai thanh tinh chat. Mat

giup cho tieu hoa o an ai trang. m co chc nang ve

tinh than, ve s quyet oan la c s cua long dung cam, dam

ngh, dam lam.

2. Hoi chng cua m

m han: Non ma, chong mat, thau em khong ngu.

m nhiet: ang mieng, u tai, au sn, ret roi lai sot

cao (han nhiet vang lai).

m h: Ngu l m hay tnh giac, chong mat, th dai

giat mnh.

m thc: Hay gian, tc sn ngc, ngu nhieu, chay

nc mat song.

II. V

1. Chc nang

V cha ng va lam nh o an roi a xuong tieu

trng, s thnh suy cua v the hien v kh. V kh dung e

tien lng s phat trien tot hay xau cua benh va d kien ket

qua trong cong tac cha benh.


33

2. Hoi chng cua v

- V han: au lam ram di mo ac, au lien tuc, ma

nc trong, li trang, moi tham nht.

- V nhiet: Trong bung co cam giac con cao, an mau oi,

khat nc, mieng hoi, moi o, rang li sng au.

- V h: Tc di mo ac, bieng an, moi li trang nht.

- V thc: Bung ay, au tc, mui chua, ai tien khong

thong.

III. TIEU TRNG

1. Chc nang

Phan thanh, giang troc, hap thu chat thanh nuoi dng

c the, can ba (chat troc) a xuong bang quang va ai

trng.

2. Hoi chng cua tieu trng

- Tieu trng han: Nc tieu trong.

- Tieu trng nhiet: Nc tieu o, sen, au nhc trong bo

phan sinh duc.

- Tieu trng h: Hay i ai vat, ai son.

- Tieu trng thc: Cn au xoan ruot.

IV. AI TRNG

1. Chc nang

Cha ng can ba, tai hap thu va ao thai can ba.

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2. Hoi chng

- ai trng han: ai tien long, au bung, soi bung.

- ai trng nhiet: Kho mieng, rao moi, ai tien tao ket,

hau mon nong, a ra mau, mui phan nong nac.

- ai trng h: ai tien khong t chu hoac khong tao

bon ma b kho i, loi tr.

- ai trng thc: ai tien tao bon, au bung khong a

xoa nan.

V. BANG QUANG

1. Chc nang

Bang quang cha ng, tai hap thu va bai tiet nc tieu

thong qua s kh hoa va phan phoi cua tang than.

2. Hoi chng

- Bang quang han: Nc tieu trong, lng nhieu, hay ai

luon, hay ngap vat.

- Bang quang nhiet: Nc tieu o, sen, son ai, ai ra

mau, phat ban, nong trong ng tieu.

- Bang quang h: Tieu tien khong t chu, ai son.

- Bang quang thc: B ai, bung di ay au soan.

VI. TAM TIEU

Chc nang

Kh cua tam tieu thong lnh het cac phu, tang, dinh, ve,

kinh lac cua tren, di, phai, trai, trong, ngoai.

- Thng tieu chu ve tam, phe.


35

- Trung tieu chu ve ty, v.

- Ha tieu chu ve can, than.

Kh cua tam tieu thong th than the bnh an, ngc lai la

benh ly toan bo hay tng phan. Xet hoi chng cua tam tieu

phai xet tnh hnh benh ly cua cac tang phu lien quan tng

phan thng, trung, ha.

QUAN HE GIA CAC TANG PHU

C the la mot chnh the, mot khoi thong nhat. Moi tang,

moi phu ngoai chc nang rieng cua no con co s quan he mat

thiet vi nhau theo qui luat oi lap va ho can.

I. QUAN HE GIA TANG VI TANG

1. Tam va phe

Tam chu huyet, phe chu kh, huyet khong co kh th

huyet khong hanh, kh khong co huyet th kh khong co cho

da, tam va phe phoi hp lam kh huyet van hanh duy tr cac

hoat ong cua c the.

2. Tam va ty

Tam chu huyet, ty la mot tang tao ra tinh kh e bo sung

khong ngng cho cac thanh phan c cau cua huyet. Neu ty kh

h khong van hoa c th tinh kh ty v hay goi la tinh hau

thien se sut kem, lc lng bo sung c cau huyet do tam lam

chu khong ap ng c th tam huyet se suy. Mat khac, ty

chu ve c nhuc, neu ty h th trng lc c giam, khi ay c

nang cua tam se yeu gay hien tng ra ri tay chan, hoi hop

mat ngu, xanh xao goi la chng tam ty h.

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3. Tam va can

Tam chu huyet, can tang huyet, ieu huyet. Neu v nh

tam la thu trng th can la thu kho quan ly huyet. Vay trong

hoat ong cua c the khi ngh ngi thanh nhan th tam hoat

ong nhe nhang th thai va luc o can cung thu bt huyet ve

e khoi ngop huyet cho tam. Mc hoat ong cang cao th tam

lam viec cang manh, lu lng huyet nhanh, manh luc nay

can a huyet ra mot cach nhp nhang e tranh s trong rong

huyet mach. Neu s quan he gia tam va can truc trac se gay

roi loan huyet mach gay hoa mat chong mat, cang thang

mach, au au hoac thut giam lu lng huyet gay suy tim,

choang ngat

4. Tam va than

Tam hoa thuoc dng, than thuy thuoc am. Hai tang nay

luon van hoa theo qui luat bnh hanh e gi the can bang gia

am va dng. Qua nghien cu va uc rut t thc te ngi xa

noi rang: Ban em khi chung ta ngu th tam than tng giao

hay goi la thuy hoa ky te. Neu hai tang o khong tng quan

lc lng th khong ky te c. Mat khac la hoa ton tai v

kh, kh ay t than a len. Than la thuy, thuy muon van hoa

phai tao kh, ma muon tao kh th phai co nhiet, nhiet o lay

t tam. o la moi quan he hu c gia tam va than.

5. Phe va ty

Phe chu kh tien thien va am nhiem chc nang tuyen

phat, ty tao ra kh hau thien (ngu kh) a len phe va nh s

tuyen phat cua phe ma kh lu thong, phe suy kem tuyen phat


37

th ty kh ung tre. Ngc lai ty h th nguon kh hau thien giam

sut khong u cho nhu cau c cau tong kh lam chc nang ho

hap giam, th ngan, th gap, noi nho, met moi, kem an, a long.

6. Phe va than

Phe chu kh (ho hap), than nap kh. Khi phe ht kh vao ma

than khong nap khac nao gio vao nha trong. ong thi than chu

cot ma c quan chc nang cua phe va phe quan la sun tc xng

non. Neu than suy khong chu quan c cot th phe quan bien

hnh oi dang lam ca bo may ho hap b truc trac.

7. Can va ty

Can chu ve s tiet la c quan phat ong, ty chu ve van

hoa chu s ho tr trc tiep cua can nh cai xe hi ma c

can che dau va no may. ong thi can thuoc moc, ty thuoc

tho, cay vng nh at, at xop nh cay (o la le thng). Neu

sai thng la chng can moc xam ty tho a re qua ln, qua

sau la at nt ne pha huy hoac gia at khong ben chac th cay

nga nghieng.

8. Than va ty

Than thuoc thuy, ty thuoc tho, ty tho co nhiem vu on co

cho than thuy, than kh th giup cho s van hoa cua ty. Than

dng h th ty dng cung h gay chng a chay, neu ty h

khong che ham c thuy th the hien chng viem than man

tnh (am thuy).

9. Can va than

38

Can tang huyet, than tang tinh. Can huyet do than tinh

nuoi dng. Neu than tinh khong ay u se lam huyet suy

kem. Than am suy th can dng vng, mat khac theo

ngu hanh th than thuy sinh can moc (tng sinh).

II. QUAN HE GIA TANG VI PHU

1. Tam quan he bieu ly vi tieu trng.

2. Ty quan he bieu ly vi v.

3. Than quan he bieu ly vi bang quang.

4. Tam bao quan he bieu ly vi tam tieu.

5. Can quan he bieu ly vi m.

6. Phe quan he bieu ly vi ai trng.

4. HE KINH LAC

1. ai cng he kinh lac

Kinh la si doc, ng doc, la con ng thong suot.

Lac la cai ao li bao quanh c the.


39

Kinh lac la ten goi chung cua kinh mach, lac mach trong

c the. Hoc thuyet kinh lac la mot phan cua he ly luan c ban

y hoc co truyen. No co tac dung ch ao trong mat chan oan,

cha benh, phong benh. Trong chan tr neu khong nam vng

kinh lac th rat de sai lam.

Ve ban chat kinh lac la con ng lu thong kh gia

thien, a, nhan va song hanh vi kh huyet i nuoi dng c

the, lam cho c the thanh mot khoi thong nhat. o cung la

con ng e ta kh xam nhap vao c the truyen t nong vao

sau va ngc lai va la ni phan anh tnh trang benh tat cua c

the, ni tiep thu kch thch cua ngoai canh, co tac dung ln

trong s song con ngi.

2. C cau cua he kinh lac

2.1. Kinh mach

+ Ba kinh am tay

- Thu thai am phe.

- Thu thieu am tam.

- Thu quyet am tam bao.

+ Ba kinh dng tay

- Thu thai dng tieu trng.

- Thu thieu dng tam tieu.

- Thu dng minh ai trng.

+ Ba kinh am chan

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- Tuc thai am ty.

- Tuc thieu am than.

- Tuc quyet am can.

+ Ba kinh dng chan

- Tuc thai dng bang quang.

- Tuc thieu dng m.

- Tuc dng minh v.

2.2.Tam kinh mach phu

- Mach nham - Mach am duy

- Mach oc - Mach dng duy

- Mach i - Mach am kieu

- Mach xung - Mach dng kieu.

Ngoai ra con co cac kinh biet, kinh can, biet lac, ton lac,

phu lac khac.


41

3. ng tuan hoan cua 12 kinh chnh va 2 mach

Nham, oc

4. ng dung kinh lac trong chan oan benh

Khi nam c v tr va ng i cua kinh lac, can c vao

v tr au benh, ta co the xac nh c kinh b benh, tang b

benh, tang phu b benh. V du au au neu tran la kinh

dng minh. Neu gay la kinh thai dng, 2 ben au la

42

kinh thieu dng, nh au la quyet am, hoac u tai co vang

au mot ben, mieng ang la benh kinh m, neu au lng,

di tinh la thuoc kinh than.

Ly giai ten goi cua cac ng kinh

Khi nghien cu ti kinh lac chung ta nhan c mot so

ten goi cho cac kinh tang, cac phu nh: Thu thieu am tam, tuc

thieu am than... Chung ta thay rang tam thng tieu mang

ch thu, than ha tieu mang ch tuc. o la ieu de hieu, de

nhan thay trong ten goi cua kinh tang. Nhng tam la hoa, than

la thuy mot s tng khac va trai ngc ro rang ma sao tam

va than cung mang ten kem la thieu am? Va con tat ca cac

ten goi cua cac tang, cac phu khac co an y g khong? Hay ch

la do ngi xa t ap at.

Qua nghien cu ve ly thuyet cua y hoc ong phng a

sang to mot ieu la khong phai ngi xa ap at cac ten goi

cho cac kinh tang ma ten goi co mang y ngha, chc nang cu

the cua tang phu. Chung ta lan lt nghien cu tng kinh

tang, kinh phu vi ten goi cua no.

4.1. Tuc thieu am than

Cac tang eu mang ch am cac phu eu mang ch

dng v tang thuoc am, phu thuoc dng.

Tang than mang ch tuc v than ha tieu nhng tai sao

goi la thieu am than?

- Bi v nhng nhan to ma than chu quan trong o co

thuy kh nen ngi ta mi goi la than tang tinh va than chu


43

kh. Cai kh cua than chu nay la kh tien thien. Cai kh ma t

phoi thai cua con ngi a co.

- Cai ma thuoc tien thien tnh chat c sinh ra au tien,

mi phoi thai a co va la cai non nt, la cai mi sinh ra do

vay than phai thuoc thieu am v chu ve am kh mi sinh ra va

c goi la tuc thieu am than.

4.2. Thu thieu am tam

Tang tam c thng tieu nen mang ch thu. Tam chu ve

hoa kh va chu ve huyet cai ma do tien thien sinh ra tc la t

phoi thai a co hay con goi la cai sinh au tien cai non nt mi

sinh ra nen tam cung thuoc ve thieu am v chu ve hoa kh, chu

ve huyet, cai hoa kh va cai huyet ay c sinh ra au tien va

kinh tam c mang ten thu thieu am tam.

4.3. Thu thai am phe

Phe c thng tieu nen mang ch thu va phe chu ve

kh. Kh ma phe chu la tong kh la kh c hnh thanh gia

kh tien thien va kh tri. Vay tong kh la kh hau thien va

chnh la nguyen kh hay kh tien thien hp vi kh kh tri ma

phat trien ti mc cao nhat.

Phe chu ve kh ma lai la cai kh a phat trien ti mc

cao nhat th phai thuoc ve ch thai do o tang phe c goi la

thu thai am phe.

4.4. Tuc thai am ty

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Tang ty c ha tieu nen mang ch tuc, chc nang cua ty la

chu ve tinh kh va phu viec quan ly huyet (con goi la nhiep

huyet).

Chung ta a biet ty thuoc hanh tho ma van vat eu co

coi nguon, cha ng t tho va t tho sinh ra, roi en khi tan

lui, khi chet i lai tr ve vi tho (at). Cho nen khong ngac

nhien g khi thay tang ty lai co kha nang ho tr, quan ly va

phat trien nhng cai tien thien tnh chat cua ca than thuy vi

tam hoa. Co ngha la ty phat trien c thuy kh cua than va

phat trien c hoa kh cua tam, s phat trien thuy kh va hoa

kh c cu the nh sau: cai tien thien tnh chat tang tr tam

va than c ton tai va phat trien nh tinh va kh cua o an

thc uong, hay con goi la tinh ty v va kh ty v.

o an thc uong thanh tinh, thanh kh theo qua trnh nh

sau: o an thc uong bao gom ngu v (tan, toan, cam, ham,

kho) c s an uong a vao v (da day) di s co bop, tieu

hoa cua v nh s van hoa thuy coc cua ty ma thc an (ngu v)

a c chuyen hoa thanh tinh ty v, sau o nh nguyen kh

cua than (kh tien thien) lam xuc tac ma tinh ty v hoa kh

thanh ngu kh (chien, tinh, hng, tieu, hu) tinh va kh nay

tham gia trong c cau cua huyet va nuoi dng toan bo c the.

Noi tom lai ty chu ve hau thien (phat trien tien thien tnh chat

en cc ai va nh the nen mang ten tuc thai am ty).

4.5. Tuc quyet am can


45

Trc het chung ta tm hieu v sao lai co quyet am ma

khong co quyet dng. Chung ta a nh ngha quyet am

phan trc, nay m rong van e ve ban chat cua am va

dng chung ta thay rang: Ban chat cua dng la thang tan,

luon co xu the boc len, tan ra va mang tnh hoat ong khong

ngng. Ban chat cua am la tram lang, thau tang khong mang

tnh hoat ong ma luon co xu the co lai, tut xuong. Ma thc te

th am dng lai luon tng ho va chuyen hoa khong ngng.

ieu nay vi ban chat cua dng th la le thng nhng vi

am th cai g a thuc ay va lam am hoat ong, chuyen hoa?

Cai o chnh la quyet am va co the khang nh mot ieu la

khong co quyet am th am kh bat ong va khong co s

chuyen hoa gia am dng. Ta lai biet can thuoc hanh moc

ma moc la mot hnh the neu song la phat trien va luon luon co

xu hng thuc ay s phat trien trong ngu tang can c xep

vao danh muc la c quan phat ong. Moc ma phat trien th

xuyen de kch tho, thong tuyen hut thuy, xoa tan quang hp

(hap thu hoa kh trang thai cua moc a kch ong va phat

ong s chuyen hoa cua ngu hanh) v vay ma can moc thuoc

ve quyet am va c goi la tuc quyet am can.

4.6. Thu quyet am tam bao

Tam bao ngoai viec la cai ao bao ve tam no con la mot c

quan thuc ay s co bop cho tam trong s tuan hoan huyet. V le

o ma tam bao c mang ten thu quyet am tam bao.

4.7. Thu Dng minh ai trng

46

Da vao s quan he chc nang va cau truc cua ng

kinh ma ngi ta a xac nh c quan he bieu ly gia cac

tang phu va viec goi ten cho cac phu kinh mang ch thu hay

tuc la tng ng vi cac tang co lien quan bieu ly. Goi la thu

dng minh ai trng v ai trng quan he bieu ly vi phe

nen mang ch thu. Con thuoc ve dng minh th theo hnh o

thai cc th ch co dng minh quan he chuyen hoa vi thai

am ma thai am o la phe, phe la thai am th ai trng phai la

dng minh.

4.8. Thu thai dng Tieu trng

Tieu trng quan he bieu ly vi tam nen mang ch thu

va theo dong thai cc th ch co thai dng mi gan gui va

giao tiep vi thieu am (dng cc - am sinh) nen tam thuoc

thieu am th tieu trng thuoc thieu dng.

4.9. Thu thieu dng tam tieu

Xet tren hnh o thai cc chung ta thay phan net am

c goi la quyet am bi v quyet am la ong c phat ong,


47

thuc ay nen hnh the bieu hien trang thai cua no phai cho

ln nhat, cao nhat, neu la mot the kn th no phai vung bien cua

ni ln nhat, ma ni nay lai gan gui vi thieu dng. Vay nen tam

bao la quyet am th tam tieu quan he bieu ly vi tam bao la thieu

dng va c goi la thu thieu dng tam tieu.

Vi bang quang, v, m cung ly luan tng t nh tieu

trng, ai trng va tam tieu.

5. NGUYEN NHAN GAY BENH

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e tien viec nghien cu va phan giai benh chng, ong

y hoc chia nguyen nhan gay benh ra lam 3 phan:

- Nguyen nhan ben ngoai (ngoai ta).

- Nguyen nhan ben trong (noi nhan - that tnh).

- Nhng nguyen nhan khac.

I. NGUYEN NHAN BEN NGOAI (NGOAI TA)

Nguyen nhan gay benh ben ngoai (ngoai ta) chu yeu

bang 6 loai kh: phong, han, th, thap, tao, hoa. 6 loai kh nay

la kh cua thien a lu thong qua con ngi bang ng Kinh

lac. Bnh thng th phong, han, th, thap, tao, hoa la chnh

kh no co tac dung thuc ay s van hoa am dng, trong c

the gi the thang bang cua s song, tao s thong nhat gia

thien a nhan nhng neu thai qua hoac bat cap th phong,

han, th, thap, tao, hoa lai tr thanh ta kh lam benh cho c

the. Trong c the kinh lac v nh ao lo, ao lo la e i. Vay

cai g i? o la kh. Kh i, viec ieu tiet kh i lai can oi

nhp nhang th ao lo lu thong. Neu khong can oi th tac

nghen tr thanh ta kh va no tao thanh benh nay, benh no.

Benh do ngoai ta la t o va au n cung t o (bat thong tac

thong). Sau ay, chung ta lan lt xet viec lu thong bat thng

(thai qua hoac bat cap) cua tng loai kh trong luc kh: phong,

han, th, thap, tac, hoa.

1. Phong ta

1.1. ac tnh cua phong ta


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Phong ta thuoc dng hay i len va ra ngoai nen hay

gay benh phan tren cua c the (au, mat) va phan ngoai

(c bieu).

Phong co tnh hoat bien, di chuyen nhanh nen benh do

phong neu au th vung au chay cho nay, cho khac (hanh ty)

va tnh chat benh chuyen t nang sang nhe hay t nhe sang

nang cung mau le.

1.2. Phan loai phong ta

Phong co 3 loai chnh: Phong han, phong nhiet, phong thap.

- Phong han: Trieu chng cam lanh, ngat mui, chay nc

mui, s lanh s gio. au nhc trong xng tht, hay gay ban

chan d ng.

- Phong nhiet: Trieu chng cam mao, co sot, khong s

lanh, hong o au, neu li vang th co chng viem khp cap.

- Phong thap: au nhc sng khp, thoai khp, au day

than kinh ngoai bien.

1.3. Chng noi phong

Chng nay do phong nhng khong phai phong ta t ben

ngoai ti ma t ben trong c the phat ra. Ly giai mot ieu la

ca ngay trong phong kn ma van cam phong, trung gio.

Nguyen nhan la do huyet nhiet. Co nhan co cau huyet hoa

sinh phong, huyet kiet sinh ung. Ly do: Huyet hoa, huyet

nhiet la do can nhiet. Can la c quan tang huyet (kho cha

huyet), cai kho nong th vat the cha trong no phai nong o la

50

le thng. Chng nay co hien tng sot cao, co giat, nhc

au, chong mat, hoa mat, tai bien mach mau nao, liet ban

than, co quap.

2. Han ta

2.1. ac tnh cua han ta

Han thuoc am hay lam ton thng dng kh. Han pham

vao da c, gay cam mao, han pham vao ty v lam ty dng h

khong van hoa c thuy coc. Mat khac han con gay co rut,

be tac, ngng tre lam kh huyet tre, gay au n ay trng.

2.2. Chng noi han

Chng noi han phat t noi tang c the do dng h. V

du: tam, phe, than dng h sinh chng tac ong mach vanh

(mua lanh hay gap) gay chng hen suyen v than dng

khong nap kh... chng noi han do dng kh kem th ve kh

cung kem de b cam lanh.

3. Th ta

3.1. ac tnh cua th ta

Th la nang, th thuoc dng hay gay sot cao va cac

hien tng viem nhiet, khat nc ra mo hoi. Th co tnh thang

tan (i len tren, tan ra ngoai) lam h hao tan dch, de gay hon

me, truy tim mach.

3.2. Phan loai th ta

- Thng th: La b cam th dang nhe, sot vat va, khat

nc, met moi.


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- Trung th: Thuoc loai nang con goi la say nang, gay

hoa mat, chong mat, hon me, bat tnh nhan s, kho th, ra

nhieu mo hoi, chan tay lanh toat.

- Th thap:

+ Th la nang, nong thuoc dng.

+ Thap la am thap, thuoc am.

Vay chng th thap la chng xung ot gia am va

dng.

Dng th giang xuong am thap do kch ong cua dng

th boc len. Hai kh o cung luc xam nhap c the gay chng

th thap, sinh benh a chay, kiet l...

4 .Thap ta

4.1. Ngoai thap

Ngoai thap la do thap ta xam nhap gay chng au nhc

moi va gay i ha, bach troc, gay tr ngai viec van hanh thuy

the hien chng phu thung, ay bung, a chay.

4.2. Noi thap

Noi thap la do ty h khong van hoa c thuy thap. Thuy

thap tre thng tieu gay au nang, mat hoa, ngc sn ay

tc, thuy thap tre trung tieu gay bung ay trng, kem an a

chay, chan tay nang ne, te moi. Thuy thap tre ha tieu gay

tieu t, tieu uc, phu ne phu n ra nhieu kh h (huyet trang).

52

5. Tao ta

ac tnh cua tao ta: Tao la kho rao lam ton thng en tan

dch, mui kho, hong kho, ai tien tao, tieu t, ho khan, t am.

Phan loai tao ta:

- Lng tao: (kho ma mat) chng nay gay sot, au au,

s lanh khong co mo hoi, hong kho.

- On tao: (kho ma nong) sot cao, au au, au ngc, mui

kho, mieng khat, tam phien, h hao tan dch.

- Noi tao: Nguyen nhan la do tang nhiet hoac an uong

cac chat ang cay dai ngay, hoac a chay lau ngay hoac do sot

keo dai lam tan dch h ton, gay tieu khat. B mao kho, li

kho, than gay om.

6. Hoa ta

6.1. ac tnh cua hoa ta

Hoa hay gay sot cao, phien tao, o mat, o mat, nc

tieu o, khat nc, au hong, hoa thng ot tan dch lam

khat, mieng kho, li kho, co the gay me sang. Hoa con gay

xuat huyet (bc huyet vong hanh) lam non ra mau, chay mau

cam, ai tien ra mau va gay ban chan.

6.2. Noi hoa

Do am h sinh noi hoa, bieu hien benh ly: go ma o,

phien uat, trieu nhiet, nhc trong xng, ra mo hoi trom.

NHNG IEU CAN LU Y


53

Trong luc ta: phong, han, th, thap, tao, hoa th phong la

mot loai ta ng hang au va cung la phng tien cua 5 ta con

lai e hoat ong va xam nhap. Do vay ma trong lam sang

thng co chng phong han, phong thap, phong nhiet...

- Khi luc ta xam nhap c the giai oan au th ngi ta

goi la cam mao. Luc nay ve kh va chnh kh con doi dao

chong oi lai ta kh, s xung ot nay a phat nhiet gay sot.

- oi vi benh nhan b cam phong han ma van sot nong

la v vay (cai nhiet ay la do chnh kh va ta kh xung ot

khang c ma sinh ra).

- oi vi tao ta, hoa ta, th ta th co tnh chat anh

nhanh rut nhanh neu nh chnh kh va ve kh manh hoac do

ieu thuoc ung phap th tao ta, hoa ta, th ta rut gon.

- Ngc lai chnh kh va ve kh cung nh thuoc khong

thang c chung th chung se mau chong nhap ly va co the

dan ti t vong.

- Con phong ta, han ta, thap ta th co tnh cach an phuc

neu anh khong dt iem th 3 loai ta nay se lan vao cac kinh

lac ma lam be tac ng kinh gay bat tho ng tac thong hoac

lam benh nay, benh no vi tnh am trng ky o la giai

oan sau cua cam mao. Bi vay ma trong cac chng man tnh

va au nhc than the ngi ta ch goi la phong thap, phong

han hoac han thap ch khong noi en tao, hoa, th...

- Mot ieu can lu y na la ngi ta de b trung th v i

nang ma b tac ong thai qua cua tia t ngoai trong anh nang.

54

- Nhng b hoa ta th rat t v than nhiet cua ngi ta

thng la 37o

. Mat khac nguyen ly cua nhiet la luon truyen t

vat co nhiet o cao ti vat co nhiet o thap. Vay de g ma co

cai hoa thai qua nhap con ngi. Ch co moi trng hap

nhiet, lo nung th nhiet o co the len qua moi trng va than

nhiet nen co hoa ta xam nhap c the.

II. NGUYEN NHAN BEN TRONG (THAT TNH)

That tnh la 7 tnh ch do thai qua ma lam ton thng

en noi tang. Bay tnh ch o la: u, no, hy, bi, t, kinh, khung

(lo, gian, vui, buon, ngh, hot hoang, s hai).

Nhng tang phu chu ton thng trc tiep cua tnh ch

khi thai qua

1. u: Lo lang nhieu, ton thng en phe.

2. Kinh: Hot hoang, kinh hoang nhieu, ton thng en m.

3. Khung: S hai qua, ton thng en than.

4. No: Uat gian qua, ton thng en can.

5. T: Suy t qua o, ton thng en ty.

6. Hy: Vui mng qua ton thng en tam.

7. Bi: Buon rau qua ton thng tam bao lac.

III. NGUYEN NHAN GAY BENH KHAC (do tnh duc, trat

a, trung thu can):

1. Do tnh duc: Qua o th hai than, hao ton tinh huyet,

kiet que nguyen kh, gay h lao.


55

2. Do trat a: La b anh ap, te nga... lam ton thng

c the ti mc khong phuc hoi c ma thanh benh.

3. Do trung thu can: Gay chan thng hoac nhiem trung

ma thanh benh.

6. BAT CNG

I. BAT CNG LA G?

Bat la 8 cng la chu nao, la dng moi hoac la cai

dng cua cai li, y noi la cai chnh ma tat ca cac cai phu

eu bam vao no ma the hien mot tnh chat chung cua ban the

v nh tnh chat cua cai li, cong dung cua cai li va sc

manh cua cai li phai da vao cai dng li ieu khien.

Trong van e nay, bat cng la 8 cng lnh ch ao ve viec

chan oan benh. Qua quy nap cac loai benh chng, bat cng

56

gom co: am, dng, han, nhiet, h, thc, bieu, ly trong o: am

dng la tong cng. Vay ch con lai han, nhiet, h, thc,

bieu, ly. Benh g cung khong ngoai 6 cng lnh tren. Viec

phan biet benh va quy ve bat cng la vo cung kho khan va

phc tap, rat de nham lan. Neu nh nhan ung c benh va

quy loai ung theo bat cng th viec cha benh mi at hieu

qua.

NOI DUNG CUA 8 CNG LNH

1. Bieu, ly

Bieu, ly la 2 cng lnh e tm v tr nong sau cua benh,

anh gia tien lng va e ra phng phap ieu tr.

- Bieu chng: La benh con ben ngoai, nong.

- Ly chng: La benh a truyen sau vao trong.

2. Han, nhiet

Han va nhiet la 2 cng lnh dung e anh gia tnh chat

nong, lanh cua benh.

3. H, thc

La 2 cng lnh e tm hieu benh do chnh kh h, c

quan noi tang h yeu ma sinh benh hay do ta kh thc xam

nhap lam benh.

4. Am, dng

Am, dng la 2 cng lnh tong quat e anh gia xu

the chung cua benh tat no la tong cng.

II. S XEN LAN GIA CAC THE CUA BAT CNG


57

1. Bieu, ly xen lan

Co khi mot ngi benh va co chng benh bieu, va

co chng benh ly (goi la bieu, ly ong benh) khi cha phai

va cha phan bieu, va cha phan ly (bieu, ly song giai).

2. Han, nhiet xen lan

Co khi cung mot ngi benh, va co chng han, va

co chng nhiet. V du: Bieu han, ly nhiet hoac bieu nhiet, ly

han hay tang phu nay han, tang phu kia nhiet ...

3. H, thc xen lan

Thng khi mot benh nhan co ca chng h, ca chng

thc. V du: Benh nhan tang h yeu lai mi mac them benh cam

mao (thc chng) goi la h kem thc (h trung hiep thc).

4. Hien tng chan gia

o la hien tng, trieu chng cua benh khong hp vi

ban chat, khong hp vi nguyen nhan cua benh. Co hai hien

tng chan han gia nhiet hoac chan nhiet gia han (hien tng

dng cc sinh am, am cc sinh dng).

5. Hien tng ban bieu ban ly

Co chng benh khong bieu ma cung khong ly, goi

la gia bieu va ly hay ban bieu, ban ly. Chng nay thuoc

benh kinh thieu dng.

6. Ket luan

Mau chot cua chan benh va ieu tr benh la tm hieu

suy xet e oc ung ten benh ong thi quy nap benh ung

58

the trong bat cng. ay la mot van e kho khong the ch da

vao trieu chng va hien tng cua benh ma phai da vao s

thong thai, linh hoat, giau kinh nghiem cua thay thuoc trong

viec van dung t chan: vong, van, van, thiet ma phan nh

ieu nay, chung ta se nghien cu phan ke tiep.

NHNG IEU CAN LU Y TRONG DANH T HAN - NHIET

Han, nhiet trong bat cng mang ham y xac nh nong

lanh hien tai cua than the hay cua tang phu ch khong phai

han la han ta va nhiet la hoa ta hay th ta trong luc dam.

Cu the la khi b han ta hay phong ta, thap ta... xam nhap

than the xay ra 2 trang thai la han hoac nhiet ke ca khi b

nguyen han ta xam nhap cung co giai oan lam than the phat

nhiet con goi la sot. o la luc ta kh mi xam nhap, khi ay

chnh kh va ve kh con vng ng sc chong lai ta kh, s

xung ot nay gay ra nhiet. Vay khi nhan nh han hay nhiet

phai xac nh nguyen nhan gay benh do ngoai nhan hay noi

nhan va mc o manh yeu cua than the noi chung va tang phu

noi rieng.

1. Noi ve Han

Co the co nhng nguyen nhan nh sau:

Han la menh mon hoa suy khong u kha nang ieu hoa

nhiet (trang thai han toan than) hoac do kinh lac be tac, bt

ng truyen nhiet lam mot vung nao o b han s be tac nay

co the do ta kh gay be tac. Trng hp nay goi la thc han,

hoac do chnh tang phu nao o khong co kha nang hap thu


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nhiet ma b han ch khong phai la ch co b cam han th c the

mi b han.

2. Noi ve nhiet

Nhiet la s phat nong cua c the hoac tang phu hn mc

bnh thng. Cai nhiet co khi toat ra ngoai ma s tay hoac cap

nhiet ke cung thay nhng cung co khi ngam ngam nong ben

trong ma ben ngoai s tay thay lanh.

2.1. Thc nhiet: Khi ta kh xam nhap, chnh kh va ve kh

khang c, s oi khang cang kch liet th phat nhiet cang cao.

2.2. H nhiet: Khi am suy khong che ng c hoa th hoa

phat tan lam nong tang phu nao o hoac nong ngoai b phu.

Chng II. CHAN OAN

7. VAI NET S BO VE CHAN OAN HOC

Phng phap chan oan thong qua t chan (vong, van,

van, thiet) ma ac biet la phap chan (xem mach) a co t

ngan nam trc cong nguyen. Nhng do thi o rat han che

ve mat ghi chep va trai qua nhieu i loan lac b ton that

nhieu. Tuy nhien, au cong nguyen 220 thi nha Nguy va nha

Tan ai y s Vng Thuc Hoa a bien tap c thanh bo

giao khoa au tien. V vay, phng phap chan oan bang xem

mach ma chung ta nghien cu thng goi la mach Vng

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Thuc Hoa. Sau ay la lai lch cua hai ai Y s co cong lu

truyen phng phap chan oan.

1. Bien Thc

Nguyen ten la Tan Viet Nhan, ngi Chau Mac, huyen

Bot Hai, nc Te, vao au thi chien quoc. Buoi thieu thi,

tng lam xa trng (quan ly khach san), ong la ngi nhiet

tnh, sieng nang hieu hoc. Buoi ay, danh y Trng Tang Quan

thng en tro, c Bien Thc phuc vu chu ao. Bien

Thc co long bai s cau hoc. Trng Tang Quan a truyen

day nhieu ky thuat tr benh, ac biet la phep xem mach. Bien

Thc dan dan hoc c y thuat cao sieu.

Bien Thc chu du cac nc tr benh cho dan chung.

Ong ket hp kinh nghiem thc tien cua ban than vi kinh

nghiem cua ngi xa hnh thanh chon phng phap chan

oan vong, van, van, thiet (xem, nghe, hoi, bat mach), cong

hien rat nhieu cho s phat trien nen y hoc ong phng. en

ngay nay, ong y van dung phng phap nay. Theo truyen

thuyet, Bien Thc tr benh cho ngi, he uong thuoc vao th

benh khoi, vang danh khap cac nc. Ngi nc Trieu ben

lay ten danh y thi Huynh e xa la Bien Thc ma at cho.

2. Vng Thuc Hoa

Ho Vng Thuc, ten Hy, ngi Sn Dng, Cao Bnh

thi Nguy, Tan (nay la Sn ong, Vi Sn, Chau Huyen), la

ngi bien soan sm nhat quyen Mach kinh hien con cua

Trung Quoc. Ong xuat than gia nh ngheo, can man ham

hoc, tnh tnh tram tnh, thch oc sach kinh s, nhat la sach y


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hoc. Nh vay ong thau hieu phep dng sinh, nghien cu

nhieu ve chan oan va xem mach. Cong nguyen nam 220,

nc Nguy kien lap; ong nh tinh thong y thuat lam Thai y

lenh cho ho Tao cua vng trieu. Cong nguyen nam 265, T

ma Viem lap nha Tan, ong lui ve lang. Ong cong hien cho

nen y hoc Trung Quoc chu yeu la hai mat: mot mat chnh ly

t lieu ve mach hoc cua cac i trc thi Tay Tan, soan ra

quyen Mach kinh, mat khac, bien chep lai quyen Thng

han tap benh luan cua Trng Trong Canh e lai. Chan

mach (bat mach) la mot phng phap trong yeu trong Trung y

e oan benh tat, phng phap nay co t lau trong lch s.

Nhng thi xa, ho chan mach thng ch la thay truyen

day kn cho hoc tro ma thoi, v the ma so t lieu chuyen mon

b truyen co lien quan en mach hoc, thng la ri rac ma

khong thong nhat. e e cao mot bc tnh chuan xac cua s

chan mach, Vng Thuc Hoa tap trung toan bo cac luan thuat

ve mach hoc cua cac y gia nh Bien Thc, Hoa a, Trng

Trong Canh va cac sach Noi kinh, Nan kinh, roi ket hp

vi kinh nghiem lam sang chnh ly thanh mo t bo Mach kinh

10 quyen. en ay, phng phap va ly luan ve mach hoc a

c he thong hoa.

Mach kinh la quyen sach viet ve mach hoc sm nhat hien

con cua Trung Quoc. Quyen nay trc tien noi ro ve mach ly, ket

hp sinh ly, benh ly va chng trang e tien hanh nghien cu de be

ng dung lam sang, ke o la cai tien mach phap, chnh ly luan

thuat ve mach phap cua cac y gia Bien Thc, Hoa a, Trng

Trong Canh. Trong sach con tng thuat phng phap phan biet

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hnh trang cua mach (mach tng), qui nap thanh 24 loai hnh

trang, ong thi bai liet e so sanh cac hnh trang mach tng t,

giup cho y sinh de nam khi hoc tap.

Quyen Mach kinh ra i en nay, luon c y gia cac

thi ai xem trong, chang nhng la mot cong hien rat ln cho

s phat trien nen y hoc co ai cua Trung Quoc ma con co mot

anh hng nhat nh en nen y hoc the gii, a tng truyen

en cac vung A Rap, chau Au va chau A.

I. MUC CH CUA CHAN OAN

Chan oan la mot yeu to quan trong quyet nh trong

ket qua ieu tr benh.

Trong y hoc co truyen, chan oan benh chu yeu bang

bon phng phap la: vong, van, van, thiet. ay la mot bo mon

khoa hoc uyen tham. Quan sat luc lng y chan oan benh

tng nh qua n gian nhng khi chung ta nghien cu sau

van e mi thay t chan trong y hoc co truyen qua la mot

mon khoa hoc tinh tuy, no la tr tue va tinh hoa cua nganh y

hoc co truyen. Co nhng quan iem cho rang: y hoc co truyen

khong co bien phap giai phau va khong chup chieu quang

tuyen th lam sao co the hieu sau tang phu con ngi. Thc ra

khong phai nh vay. Khong n gian la v snh dung Han t

e goi ten cac tang nh: tam, can, ty, phe, than ma goi nh

vay no mi mang danh ung ngha va ung chc nang cua no.

Tim la hnh the mot qua tim a cat ra bo tren a. o la

mot khoi c trong o co phan nay phan no do ngi ta at ten.


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Tam la mot tang ang hoat ong gop phan xay dng va

ton tai sinh lc cua con ngi, no cha ng va mang u chc

nang cua no, mang u y tnh am dng, thuy hoa kh huyet,

nhng cai nhn thay (hu hnh) va ca nhng cai cha hu

hnh, o la than va kh. Tc la tam bieu hien ca hnh va tng

(hnh la vat the ma ta co the nhn thay, s thay. Tng la vat

the ma ta co the nhn thay nhng khong s thay, hay khong s

vao c) ma tang tng mi la yeu to quan trong trong viec

nghien cu chan oan va ieu tr. Benh ly bieu hien t tng

ch t co bieu hien t hnh. Bieu hien benh t hnh th tc la

mot tang phu nao o hnh the cua no b bien oi khac thng

hay b ton thng trng hp nay may khi cha c va viec

nhan biet ieu o au co kho g. V du nh mot oan ruot t

hoac thung, mot la phoi ung, mot la gan sng... nhng hien

tng nay viec phat hien co g la kho.

Con phep chan cua y hoc co truyen oi hoi phai biet c

s van hoa khac thng cua kh huyet, s bien oi khac thng

cua the chat va nhng tn hieu khac thng cua tang phu phat ra

bang tnh ch, bang mui v, bang am thanh, bang mau sac, bang

ng i nc bc cua mach ly. Qua o ma nhan biet c the

trang cua no hien nh the nao hay noi ro hn la con ngi co dau

hieu o th ang co va se co chng benh g? Co the cha c

hay khong? De cha hay kho cha? Va thi gian cha lau hay

khong? o la muc ch va nhiem vu cua phep t chan.

oi vi ngi thay thuoc, ngoai viec thong thng la

phai hoc sau hieu rong kien thc t chan, con phai vng vang

kien thc y ly c ban nh: am dng, ngu hanh, tang phu,

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kinh lac, dch ly, so ly, benh ly... va phai tng trai kinh

nghiem ve nhan nh gia cai thng va cai khac thng ve

mui v, am thanh, sac to, c ch, dang net, mach lac cua con

ngi. Co nh vay mi linh hoat trong viec nhan nh phan

xet s bien oi cua tang phu the hien qua cac yeu to cua t

chan va van dung c no, lam chu c no e xac nh

chng benh mot cach chnh xac va ieu tr t tin. Nhieu hoc

gia khang nh rang: t chan bat kha that nhat (bon phep

chan khong the bo mot phep nao khi chan oan benh). Noi

vay thoi ch trong thc te chang thieu g nhng lng y ch

dung mot phep chan e nh benh ma van ro rang, chnh xac,

tat nhien o la nhng trng hp oc ao co kien thc va kinh

nghiem uyen tham tng phep chan. V du ve nhng co nhan

chan benh nhat phap nh: lng y Tan Viet Nhan; Bien

Thc va lng y Y Doan ch can vong chan e nh benh,

hoac nh Cau Tien ch can phep van chan hoac nh lng y

Vng Thuc Hoa ch can phep thiet chan e nh benh...

Chan benh cung nh hoc xa kch vay khi mi hoc, ngi

ta phai thc hien bay yeu lnh c ban va ch ngam ban c

bia co nh, nhng sau o co nhng xa thu khong can e y

en yeu lnh la g ma con ban rt ca muc tieu ang bay.

Trong phng phap nghien cu nay oi vi nhng van e kho

nh lng y Nguyen Hu Khai a chuyen thanh th theo the

luc bat va the ng luat.

II. NOI DUNG CUA CHAN OAN


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Chan oan theo y hoc phng ong gom co 4 phng

phap (vong, van, van, thiet) goi la t chan.

8. VONG CHAN AI CNG

I. VONG CHAN LA G ?

Trong Han van e nhan biet bang th giac th co rat

nhieu ong t. V du: kien, quan, khan, chiem, th, vong ...

nhng sao lai dung ch Vong trong phep chan oan? Ngi

xa rat ken dung t e nang tam chnh xac cua hanh ong.

Vong khong the hieu la nhn, la xem, la ngam nh trong tieng

Viet, ma danh t tng ng gan ung hn la t trong. Ca

dao co cau :

ong ang co pho Ky La,

Co nang To Th, co chua Tam Thanh ...

Nang To Th o la hon Vong Phu (mot tang a hnh thu

giong nh mot thieu phu ang bong con nhn am am ve

phng xa). Vong phu (phu la chong nhng pha trc o au

co hnh tng g la chong vay ma goi la vong phu). Neu t

vong tng ng vi t trong trong tieng Viet th ay co ly.

V vat trong, hnh anh trong la hien hien, co the co, co the

khong, hay co roi lai khong, khong roi lai co va ngi quan

sat phai thc hien bang t duy th giac la chnh va oi hoi ket

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qua cua t duy th giac ay rat sau sac va ky lng e at moi

yeu cau can thiet cho ngi quan sat.

Trong tieng Viet t tng ng vi vong cua Han t la

trong con c the hien ro trong noi dung cau ca dao sau ay:

Ngi ta i cay lay cong

Toi nay i cay con trong nhieu be

Trong tri, trong at, trong may

Trong ma, trong nang, trong ngay, trong em

Trong cho chan cng, a mem

Tri yen be lang, mi yen tam long.

Phan tch cau nay, chung ta thay rang trong ay

hoan toan khong co hnh anh cu the trc mat ma a qua roi

nay trong lai bang tng tng la lo lang e i en ket qua

cua trong la yen tam long. Co hieu c t ngha th mi

lam ung c muc ch yeu cau cua no. Vong chan ay

chung ta thay rang khong phai ch la nhn va cang khong phai

la nhn am am vao benh nhan e xac nh benh hoac tm

nguyen nhan gay benh ma la trong. Trong roi th suy ngh roi

tng tng roi van dung kien thc ke ca khi ang nham mat

ma van trong vay.

Ket luan: Vong hoac trong la mot hanh ong c

thong qua th giac va t duy, vi mot y thc cao va oi hoi

mot ket qua co chieu sau rong thoa ang vi muc ch.


67

II. MUC CH VA YEU CAU CUA VONG CHAN

- Muc ch: Nam bat c cac sac to, c ch, hnh thai

cua ngi benh.

- Yeu cau: Phai phan biet c gia cai thng va cai

khac thng trong sac thai o, trong c ch o va can c vao

o ma nhan nh tnh hnh benh chng ong thi da vao kien

thc va kinh nghiem e anh gia chieu sau cua benh. Neu co

the th i en ket luan hoac khong th lay ket qua cua vong

chan lam hau thuan cho cac phap chan tiep theo.

III.VONG CHAN XAC NH BENH

Tong quat theo ngu sac

V tr chnh e vong chan la mat. Chung ta phan biet

benh theo 5 loai mau sac the hien tren mat:

- Sac mat o la chng cam phong.

- Sac mat tai xanh la the hien s au n.

- Sac mat trang nht la the hien cam han ta.

- Sac mat sam en la the hien than the h lao.

- Sac mat mau vang la the hien chc nang tieu hoa,

bai tiet bat thng.

e de nh, chung ta quy ngu sac benh theo van sau

o hong net mat la phong

Tai xanh net mat trong long quan au

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Han ta sac trang nht mau

H lao trong mat ngau ngau tham en

Mot khi tieu hoa chang nen

B ai tieu tien mat len sac vang.

2. Ket hp gia sac to, hnh thai theo ngu tang nh benh

2.1. Sac trang: Theo ngu hanh, sac trang thuoc hanh

kim va thuoc tang phe, chu ve kh dng.

- Neu sac mat ma trang nhuan, thanh tu th c quan ho

hap ieu hoa, tong kh doi dao.

- Sac mat trang ung uc giong nh mau xng kho th o

la benh nguy kch thuoc phe. Chng nay rat nan tr (phe a tuyet).

- Sac trang ma nht nhat, am am la the hien phe va v

h yeu, nhap cam han ta.

- Sac mat trang ma than gay yeu la the hien huyet kho

khan, suy kiet.

- Sac mat trang va chan sng phu la bieu hien kh h.

- Sac trang, gay yeu ma hai ma o la am suy dng thoat.

- Sac mat trang, ngi map map, phung phnh la bieu

hien am tch.

- Sac mat trang, au nga, toc rung, o la chng phe a

tuyet.


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- Sac mat trang ma bac phech la phe h han (chng

nay hay kem theo hien tng a chay, kiet l lau ngay, dong

kinh, bang lau).

- Sac trang bong, nhuan o ay la than the ieu hoa,

khoe manh.

2.2. Sac xanh: Sac xanh thuoc moc va thuoc tang can.

- Sac mat xanh mau toi xam xam la bieu hien han

chng va co au n ben trong tang phu.

- Sac mat xanh, moi khong o nhuan, cung nga mau tai

xanh la noi tang h han.

- Sac xanh mau nht nhat nh va i ma ve la the

hien h chng ket hp cam phong lau ngay cha cha khoi.

- Net mat xanh xao, cac mong tay kho doc la the hien

tang can a h ma can chu can nen can cung a h theo. Noi

tom lai sac xanh la bieu hien xau ve kh huyet can phai sm

c ieu tr.

2.3. Sac en: Sac en thuoc than thuy.

- Mat mau en en, xanh xanh, trong xa th en, sat

gan th xanh en giong nh mau gan nga. o la benh en

ngay nguy kch kho long cu cha.

- Sac mat en la tinh kh a kiet dng suy ( nam

gii, chng nay thng b liet dng - n gii th liet am gan

nh mat hoan toan cam giac ve sinh duc).

- Mat en ma vung tran tham en, la chng than suy.

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- Sac mat en nh mau than boi len la than kh a tuyet,

tinh than bat co, hot hoang s hai, hoang loan tnh ch.

- Sac mat en ma da khong phang co vay noi len la the

hien chng huyet .

- Sac mat en, rang kho la bieu hien than nhiet, b tieu

tien.

2.4. Sac vang: Sac vang thuoc ty tho.

- Sac mat vang ma ti nhuan la bieu hien ngi co

benh ang sap khoi.

- Sac mat vang bong nh vo trai qut chn la chng thap ta.

- Sac mat vang ma hi hong hong la chng phong nhiet.

- Sac vang nht nhat la can kh uat ket, ty kh h nhc.

- Vang ma hi xanh xanh (xanh vang) la bieu hien

chng thap nhiet va au n ben trong noi tang.

- Sac vang nh mau rm la ty h nhc bieu hien chng

sng ung la lach hay s gan co trng. Chng nay sm muon th

cung b phu ne hai chan va bung tch kh tch nc trng len.

2.5. Sac o: Sac o thuoc tam hoa.

- Sac mat o ma khong ra c mo hoi la sap qua i

(rat kho cha).

- Sac mat bnh thng ma cung c o bng bng, tinh

than bc doc kho chu la dng kh uat ket bieu.


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- Sac mat o bng bng ma hay noi sang suot ngay o

la thc nhiet ket tai ly (chu yeu la tam va can).

- C en tra th hai ma lai ng o co sot, ma hai chan

lanh o la chng am h hoa vng.

- Hai go ma co vet o ln bang ngon tay trong khi co

benh nang than the mat can bang, i ng ngoi eu chenh

choang khong vng la bieu hien chng sap qua i (khong

cha c).

Hai go ma o hong ma chan tay lanh, ong thi b a

chay suot ngay, phan khong chn o la chng han gia nhiet

(ay la benh a thoat dng rat kho cha).

NGU SAC BENH CHNG CA

Ngu sac, ngu tang hai hoa

Benh nao sac ay hien ra to tng

Sac trang thuoc phe kh dng

Trang thanh sinh kh thuan ng ra vo

Trang ma ta the xng kho

Ay la phe tuyet dep vo khoi ban

Trang nht phe v h han

Than gay sac trang kho khan huyet phan

Kh h phu trang nang chan

Trang gay, ma o, am ban hoa thang.

Trang map phe hong am cang

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Mat trang, toc rung, phe ang tuyet roi

Trang bac han kh phoi toi

Mat mau, a chay, ng ngoi mat hoa

Trang bong kh huyet ieu hoa

Trang ma nhuan o ay la bnh an

* *

*

Sac xanh quy thuoc tang can

Xanh ma en xam la han va au

Bi kh huyet chang hp nhau

Phong han tha the nhap sau trong long

Mat moi xanh lanh trong

Xanh mau nht nhat h phong lau ngay

Mat xanh kho doc mong tay

Can h can cung ti ngay h theo

C xanh la kh huyet ngheo

Muon cho vui khoe phai theo thuoc thay

* *

*

Sac en thuoc than di ay

en xanh gan nga, benh nay hiem nguy


73

Mat en tinh kiet dng suy

Tran, mat en sam, than suy kiet roi

Sac en nh the than boi

Than kh a tuyet nam ngoi cha yen

Mat en da noi vay len

Ay la huyet khap tren than ngi

Rang kho mat xam chang ti

Chng nay than nhiet, tieu thi kho i

* *

*

Sac vang la thuoc tang ty

Vang ma ti nhuan, benh th sap qua

Vang bong vo qut thap ta

Vang ma pha o ay la nhiet phong

Vang lt can kh uat trong

Vang xanh thap nhiet trong long quan au

Han thap vang sac nht mau

Vang rm ty nhc trc sau cung phu

* *

*

Sac o la thuoc tang tam

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Mat o vo han chon am a gan

Dng kh uat tai bieu phan

Mat bng bng o tinh than bc thay

Mat o, noi sang suot ngay

Ay la thc nhiet ket ngay ly phan

Am h hoa vng lanh chan

Xe tra ma o, dan dan sot tang

Sap chet ngi mat thang bang

o them go ma vet bang ngon tay

Neu nh quyet lanh chan tay

Ma hong, a chay suot ngay song phan

Ay la nhiet gia han chan

Phan cho sc song mi phan con hai.

3. Vong chan theo tng bo v tren mat

e chnh xac hoa viec vong chan tren net mat, co nhan

a chia khuon mat thanh tng bo v va ch tap trung nhn vao

tng bo v mot ma tm s khac thng ben trong noi tang the

hien ra o.

+ Tai Nhan trung, neu thay sac trang la the hien ang

co benh va se co benh. Neu a co benh th benh ang phat

trien nang len.


75

+ T An ng qua Sn can, T lng en Chuan au

(song mui) neu co benh ma song mui sac trang th benh rat

kho cha (thng la khong the cha c).

+ Nhat giac xuat hien mau xanh nhat la ang co

benh neu xanh am la benh nang lam.

+ Tai Sn can ma co sac xanh la co benh trng ky nan tr.

+ oi vi phu n ang co mang ma tai Le ng ben

trai co mau xanh la se sinh con trai.

- Tai Le ng ben phai co mau xanh la se sinh con gai.

- Tai Nhan trung co mau xanh o la bieu hien benh do

phong duc hoac la do an uong au a ma lam benh.

- Tai Dch ma xuat hien mau en la benh nguy hiem nan

tr (neu Dch ma ben trai en th benh thuoc Tang phu pha

ben trai, neu Dch ma ben phai en th benh thuoc Tang phu

pha ben phai).

- Tai T lng neu co om en la bieu hien co benh

kinh nien keo dai ca cuoc i kho cha lam.

- Khi ang nam benh ma Nhan trung xuat hien mau en

la khong cha c.

- Tai Sn can co mau vang nhuan la bieu hien than the

khoe manh, kh huyet tan dch sung man.

- Tai Le ng co mau vang hong th oi vi phu n ang

co mang rat yen long v sinh e se thuan hoa (me tron con

vuong).

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- Tai Phap lenh co mau vang hong th than the cng

trang, khong benh tat.

- Tai Sn can co mau xch (o xam) th oi vi phu n khi

sanh n dt khoat la kho khan phai mo mi lay con ra c.

- Tai T lng xuat hien mau o la benh thuoc huyet

sap b tai bien ve tuan hoan nen phong cha hoac nen gan

nha thng hoac gan thay thuoc e tien viec cap cu.

- Hai ben canh mui (vung T lng) neu ng hong th

vi phu n la ang hanh kinh.

- Tai a kho xuat hien sac o la benh sung huyet.

- Nhan trung ma co not ruoi th neu la phu n se b benh

phu khoa hoai, nhat la benh t cung.

- Not ruoi ma moi, mieng th khi co benh la rat kho

cha thng la mang tat sau khi b benh.

- Not ruoi ma Chuan au thng khi sanh n la b t

vong neu co cu c th cung mang benh kinh nien chang

thng tai ng t cung.


77

78

Kh sac benh theo tng bo v tren mat

Nhan trung sac trang benh hanh


79

Song mui sac trang, benh thanh nan y

Trong ngi co benh mot khi

Nhat giac xanh nhat, nang th tham hn

Sac xanh ma Can sn

Benh tnh kho cha, tng cn keo dai

Le ng xanh trai sinh trai

Xanh phai sinh gai nhan ai yen long

Nhan trung xanh benh duc phong

Hoac o an au trong benh hanh

Dch ma en benh chang lanh

Ta hu ng nghiem benh thanh nan phng

om en ma T lng

Benh kinh nien suot dam trng tham the

Mot khi ang benh de de

Nhan trung en that kho be cu qua

Sn can, vang kh hai hoa

Than the sung man that la e vng

Vang hong ong tai Le ng

Sanh e chang chut van vng benh g

Vang hong Phap lenh mot khi

Than the cng trang lo g om au

Sn can sac o am mau

Khi sanh phai mo trc sau mot lan

T lng o benh huyet phan

Ay benh cap cu nen gan nha y

ng hong canh mui kinh ky

a kho sac o la v huyet sung

Not ruoi ma Nhan trung

80

Neu la phu n t cung benh hoai

Not ruoi moi, mieng gai, trai

Cha benh gap c thay tai cung lau

Not ruoi ma Chuan au

Khi sanh at phai ve chau Diem vng

Hu phuc th benh chang thng

Om au lien luy en ng t cung

4. Vong chan hnh the nhng benh thuoc tang phu

a tuyet khong cu cha c

Theo kinh nghiem va kinh tr t ngan xa e lai va a

c ng dung cho en nay cha co oc gia nao bac bo eu

khang nh la: tang phu tuyet th khong cu cha c ma

cac chng tuyet ay lai bieu hien ra ben ngoai, chung ta ch

can quan sat ung phep la biet c. o la cai ly thng: d

ky tri b, d bieu tri ly. a biet la khong cha c ma van

phai hoc, van phai nghien cu. V e chung ta e phong

nhng hau qua oan gia khi ieu tr. Mat khac, ngi xa cung

trong cay hau the xem co v nhan nao pha c nhng

chng benh a tuyet chang.

Sau ay la mot vai chng benh a tuyet tang phu ma

co the nhan biet bang phep vong chan, hien tng nay d

nhien la phai ngi ang co benh:

- Chng au au: Nhc ca mat, ch

dong y chan doan va luan tri - nguyen huu khai.pdf

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