Download - ФИЗИКА Час број 11
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11 , 8. , 2008
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3 (3 ) , , . . .
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0.05 nm : P, V, T, m ( N, n) a P V = N kB T - a a
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A 19 (Gay-Lussac Avogadro). : : 22.4 l 0oC 1atm 6.022 x 1023 ( , NA) : (n)
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. (): 1 atm 273 K1 mol 22.4 l
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PT=P1+P2+P3+.Pn: 6.00g 9.00g 15L 0oC. ?
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P V = N kB TP = N/m2 ( Pascal)V = m3N = T = Kk B = = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K: P V N m J (!)
P V = nm R Tnm = R = = NAkB = 8.31 J/(molK)20
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( ) 0 ?P V = N kB T
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- ( ). , 100 , Clausius 1857. . , . T, T.
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: () , , . v . 1 ( . ) 2,7x1022 . . ( ): P T - V - , .... ( ): m v p e -
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, , ,
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K () .: ?
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. . . F = D(mv)/Dt, P=F/S
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: (): (. .) N : : (. .) :
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Pressure exerted by an ideal gas on its containerpx = -mvx - mvx = -2mvx
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() ( ) : N : , 2d x . ( ), 2d/vx.
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x N : : :
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:F (- ) . () .
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: :kB- : . PV = N kBT
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( ) y z : (1/2)kBT.
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M = m NA . , , , . :
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, ( .) , ( ) . :
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no
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- (0,). , . , , ... James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) : dN (v) v v + dv, N .
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- . . 100,000 300 K 900 K: * *
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. .
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2d . d ( (b)). d, d ( (a)).
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v, d2 vt t. t () . n, nV = nd2vt. 1nd 2 = : : l = vtnd 2vt