ISSN1346-7840
港湾空港技術研究所
資料
TECHNICAL NOTE
OF
THE PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
No.1354 August 2019
隆起抑制型 CPG 工法の開発
佐々 真志・山﨑 浩之・小西 武・足立 雅樹・新坂 孝志・竹之内寛至
諸橋 弘樹・斎藤 英徳・岡田 宙・高田 圭太・渡邉 慎吾・金子 誓
高橋 但
国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所
National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Japan
- 1 -
························································································································ 3
··················································································································· 4
CPG U/D ···················································································· 4
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·························································································· 14
U/D ·················································································· 14
···················································································· 14
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���
- 2 -
Development of a New Compaction Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval Control and Efficacy of Liquefaction Countermeasures
Shinji SASSA* Hiroyuki YAMAZAKI** Takeshi KONISHI*** Masaki ADACHI*** Takashi SHINSAKA**** Kanji TAKENOUCHI**** Hiroki MOROHASHI**** Hidenori SAITO***** Hiroshi OKADA***** Keita TAKADA****** Shingo WATANABE****** Chikai KANEKO******* Tadashi TAKAHASHI*******
Synopsis
The Compaction grouting (CPG) method is one of the liquefaction countermeasures to increase
the density of improved ground by injecting mortar statically into the ground. CPG is often adopted
just below or near the existing structures, and accordingly ground upheaval often becomes a
problem. In this study, a series of model and field experiments were conducted for the purpose of
developing a new method which has more efficiency than the conventional construction’s upheaval
control. The proposed method has proven itself in reducing the ground upheaval quantity by more
than 80 %. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the ground density, K-value and effect of
liquefaction countermeasures can be significantly increased by the new Up and Down method (U/D
method). Moreover, by using the concept of an equivalent improvement rate, it is possible to predict
the upheaval amount and density increase of the improved ground by the new U/D method, thereby
facilitating a rational design based on the conventional CPG method. The construction efficiency
and upheaval control mechanism of the new method was also examined. It was found that the
workability can be improved by using an injection pipe with a tip end tapered shape. The upheaval
control mechanism can be explained by the cyclic contraction of the ground due to the up and down
of the new CPG method.
Key Words: compaction grouting, liquefaction countermeasure, U/D method
* Head, Soil Dynamics Group, Geotechnical Engineering Department
** Formerly,Distinguished Researcher *** MIRAI CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD.
**** SANSHIN CORPORATION
****** TOKO GEOTECH CORPORATION ******* FUKKEN CO., LTD.
******** ATON Civil Engineering & Technology, Inc. 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, 239-0826 Japan
Phone +81-46-844-5054 Fax +81-46-844-4577 e-mail:[email protected]���
- 3 -
CPG
*
**
***
***
****
****
****
*****
*****
******
******
*******
*******
CPG
U/D
CPG
8 1.5
U/D
CPG 90 %
U/D
CPG U/D
(1)
(2) U/D
(3) U/D
CPG
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
239-0826 3-1-1
046-844-5054 Fax 046-844-4577 e-mail:[email protected] ���
- 4 -
CPG
CPG
1)
CPG
CPG U/D
2) 6) U/D
CPG
3
( 155 mm H450 mm) (W300 mm L300 mm
H450 mm) (W600 mm L600 mm
H600 mm) 3
1/10 U/D
3
CPG
CPG
CPG
CPG
U/D
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- 5 -
7), 8)
300 mm 100 mm
2 200 mm
3 7
D50=0.19 mm, s=2.62 10 mm
40 % 50 mm
PVC , 18 mm,
13 mm
(G.W.L)
(PuV cm/sec)
(PeV cm/sec)
PuV PeV
VPVP
e
u� (1)
U/D
1
4
16
U/D
1 10
U/D
1
G.W.L= 0
11
G.W.L= 0
350 25
0
200 150
300
300
45
0
7515075
4
3
2
1
54
300
300
155
(OD:18 ID:13)
50
100
450
155
(OD:18 ID:13)
50
100
(unit in mm)
400
300
(unit in mm)
54
150
(unit in mm)
350250
50
G.W.L= 0
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
75
450
75
54
600
75150@3=45075
600
100
300
200
600
600
(OD:18 ID:13)
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- 6 -
1
U/D 3 10
1 U/D
3
10
U/D
( L) (A)
cyclic volume” (CV) (2a)
CV (V0)
cyclic volume rate” (CVR) (2b) CVR
as (2c)
(2d)
ase
ALCV �� (2a)
0VCVCVR � (2b)
0VQas � (2c)
CVRaa sse �� (2d)
Q
1
3 (GL-150mm, GL-250mm, GL-350mm)
1
(GL-200mm)
4 3 (GL-150mm,
GL-250mm, GL-350mm) 12
4 (GL-50mm, GL-150mm,
GL-250mm, GL-350mm)
(K0)
K0 ( ’h)
( ’v0)
0'
'
0v
hK��
� (3)
(a)
(b) U/D 3 10 2.5
GL-100 mm
GL-400 mm
123456789
10
GL-100 mm
GL-400 mm
U/D : 3
U/D : 10
12345678910
34
56
78
910
U/D
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- 7 -
7 ( =2.631 g/cm3 emax=1.120
emin=0.609) Dr0 (%) 40
(mm) Φ155 mm 300 300 600 600
(mm) 300 300 300
1 (cm3) 680 680 680
N 1 4 16
ΣQ (cm3) 680 2,720 10,880
(%) 12 10 10
U/D 1,2,3 3 3
U/D 5,10,20 3,5,10 5,10
PuV (cm/sec)
0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,
2.5
2.5 2.5
PeV
(cm/sec)
1.0, 1.5, 2.0,
2.5
1.0 1.0
(PuV/PeV) 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,
2.0, 2.5
2.5 2.5
5Hz 20
50Gal
αeq’
)50-eq(50' �� ���eq (4)
U/D
U/D
1 680 cm3
12 %
10 %
U/D 1
3 5 20
0.5 2.5
U/D 10
1.0 U/D
35 mm
U/D
U/D 3
2.5
10 U/D 3
10 1.0 2.5
15 mm 11 mm
4
16
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- 8 -
2.5
3
10 2.5
2.5
3 2.5
U/D 3
5 U/D 3 10 1 2
U/D
3 4
1)
4
18 mm U/D
U/D 3 10 2.5 mm
U/D
8
U/D 3 5
13 14
U/D 3 10
4 16
4
ΔDr (
%)
(cm3)
16
K 0 (σ'
h/σ' v0
)
(cm3)
4
Kσ
' h/σ
' v0
(cm3)
16
K0���
- 9 -
1) (V0)
(as)
(CVR)
15 %
U/D U/D 3 10
35
U/D 3 3 U/D 3 5 U/D 3 10
CVR
20 U/D
U/D 3 5 35 U/D 3 10
40
U/D
K
K0
K0 K0
GL-250 mm
U/D K0
K0 2.5
U/D K0 2.6 2.8 U/D K0
U/D K0
K0
U/D
U/D
1.5
U/D 3 10 1.8
60
80 100 Gal
U/D 150 Gal
U/D 3 10
U/D
U/D
3 10
9
BU
1
Dr (%)
(mm
)
(Gal)
���
- 10 -
BU 30 mm U/D
10 mm BU
12.6 mm U/D 1.4 mm 80 %
BU 11.3 mm U/D
0.9 mm 90 %
CPG
BU
U/D
U/D
U/D
U/D U/D 4
10
4
4 10
1 1
4 10
U/D U/D
1 3
-400
-370
-340
-310
-280
-250
-220
-190
-160
-130
-100
-70
-40
-10
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50GL
(mm)
mm
U/D_1 _5U/D_1 _10U/D_3 _5U/D_3 _10
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
300
(unit in mm)
5411
155
100
450
155
-400
-370
-340
-310
-280
-250
-220
-190
-160
-130
-100
-70
-40
-10
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
GL (m
)
4(mm)
U/D_3 _3U/D_3 _5U/D_3 _10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
450
(unit in mm)
7515075
4
3
2
1
54
300
300
300
100
300
-400
-370
-340
-310
-280
-250
-220
-190
-160
-130
-100
-70
-40
-10
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
GL (m
m)
16(mm)
U/D_3 _5
U/D_3 _10
(unit in mm)
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
75
450
75
54
600
75150@3=45075
600
100
300
200
600
600
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
U/D 9U/D 8
U/D 7U/D 6U/D 5
U/D 4GL-2.75m
GL-5.00m
U/D
4 1.0 m
123456789
(9
45
67
89
10
U/D
U/D 4 10 4 m/min 1 m/min ����
- 11 -
GL-1.8 m N 1 9
GL-2.75 m -5.00 m 1
0.25 m 9
U/D
3
CHP-T
T CHP-TSR TSR GI-130C GI
3 T CPG
73 mm 50 mm TSR
U/D T
T
GI
CPG
GI 165
mm CPG
50 mm
1 T
TSR 0.963 m3 GI 1.017 m3
9
(L150 mm
W150 mm t6 mm)
2
4
1
3
5
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(m)N
500 mm
1500 mm
1000 mm
2000 mm
←
1.7 m
����
- 12 -
500 mm 1,000 mm
1,500 mm 3
2,000 mm 1 120
U/D
T
GI BU
TSR
GI U/D U/D
TSR GI
U/D 2 (0.5 m)
1 m/min 2 m/min
TSR 2,950 kg
U/D
GI
U/D 2 TSR
GI U/D
U/D
4 (1.0 m) 4 m/min
U/D
GI
U/D
U/D
U/D
TSR
GI U/D
U/D
U/D
U/D
500
mm 3
T BU 30 mm
TSR U/D 2
5 2 5 BU
TSR U/D 2
10 2 10 GL-3.75
m GL-3.75 m
GI BU 20 mm
U/D 2 4
5 10
CPG BU
-5.00
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.000 2 4 6 8 10
(m)
(MPa)
T_
TSR_2 5
TSR_2 10
-5.00
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.000 2 4 6 8 10
(m)
(MPa)
GI_
GI_2 10
GI_4 5
GI_4 10
T TSR GI
-5.00
-4.75
-4.50
-4.25
-4.00
-3.75
-3.50
-3.25
-3.00
-2.75
-2.50
-2.25
-2.00
-1.75
-1.50-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
GL (m
)r=500mm
(mm)
GI_
GI_U/D_2 _10
GI_U/D_4 _5
GI_U/D_4 _10
T_
TSR_U/D_2 _5
TSR_U/D_2 _10
1500mm
1000mm500mm
2000mm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 999
9
99
9
9
9
-5.00
-4.75
-4.50
-4.25
-4.00
-3.75
-3.50
-3.25
-3.00
-2.75
-2.50
-2.25
-2.00
-1.75
-1.50-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
GL
(r=500mm)(mm)
4 5
4 10
1500mm
1000mm500mm
2000mm
T, TSR GI GI
����
- 13 -
90 %
GI
U/D
U/D
500 mm 3 1,000 mm 3
1,500 mm 3
2,000 mm 1
U/D
GI TSR
GI
500
mm 3
2 m/min U/D 2
10 2 10 BU
25 %
4 m/min U/D 4 10
4 10 90 %
2 10 4 5
U/D 4 5
U/D
U/D
90 %
40 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
(mm
)
(mm)
GI
GI_U/D_2 _10
GI_U/D_4 _5
GI_U/D_4 _10
T
TSR_U/D_2 _5
TSR_U/D_2 _10
1500mm1000mm500mm
2000mm
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
%BU
-U/D
/BU
(m3)
2 10
4 5
4 10
4 m/min
2m/min
GI
BU
-20
0
20
40
60
0 20 40 60 80
(mm
)
+ %
0
20
40
60
0 20 40 60 80
ΔDr %
as + %
����
- 14 -
U/D
U/D
T TSR TSR
GI
20mm 1mm
U/D
U/D
U/D
U/D
U/D BU 90 %
CPG
1) A
B C
U/D
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
(r=5
00m
m)
(mm
)
(%)
T TSR GI
4 10
2 10
4 5
2 10
2 5
BU
3
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
U/D
����
- 15 -
U/D
U/D
10.5 mm U/D 90 mm
3 10
U/D
CPG U/D
U/D
U/D
( 155 mm×450 mm)
2 300 mm
100 mm
7 s=2.631 g/cm3
emax=1.120 emin=0.609 40 %
680 cm3 1 30
mm 10
(mm
)(m
m)
-220
-190
-160
-130
-100
-70
1,140 1,190 1,240 1,290
0
-2
-4
2
(sec)
φ10.5 mm90 mm10
U/D
12345678910
mm
30
0
155
10
0
45
0
155
155 mm×400 mm
300 mm
7
ρ s=2.631 g/cm3
e max=1.120
e min=0.609
10 mm
(D r0) 40 %
GL 0 mm
10
30 mm
68 cm3
680 cm3
a s 12%
����
- 16 -
15.0 mm 19.0 mm 24.0 mm
10.5 mm 7
6.0 mm
U/D
U/D 90 mm
3
(2a) 600 cm3 1,200 cm3 2,500
cm3 4,000 cm3
U/D
1,200 cm3 4,000
cm3
BU
U/D
BU
100 %
U/D 0
100 % U/D
2,000 cm3 U/D 70 80 %
4,000 cm3
10,000 cm3 U/D
U/D
10.5
6.0
15.0
6.0
19.0
6.0
24.0
6.0
(cm2)
0.87 1.77 2.84 4.52
1.00 2.04 3.27 5.22
(mm)
U/D
0 90 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 0 600 1,200 2,500 4,000 13,029
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
mm
N
cm3
U/D
mm
0
10
20
30
10 15 20 25
U/D
(mm
)
(mm)
CV: 1,200 3
CV 4,000 cm3 90 mm
680 cm3
0
10
20
30
10 15 20 25
U/D
(mm
)
(mm)
CV: 1,200 cm3
CV 4,000 cm3 90 mm
680 cm3
U/D ����
- 17 -
15.0 mm 19.0 mm 24.0 mm
2,500 cm3
7.5 mm
3 mm
U/D
U/D
U/D
U/D
(Dr1) (Dr0)
2,000 cm3 U/D 20 %
U/D
40 %
U/D
U/D
y = 19.021ln(x) - 73.747R² = 0.9082
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
(%)
(cm3)
Φ15.0 mm
Φ19.0 mm
Φ24.0 mm680 cm3
90 mm
y = 15.069ln(x) - 37.084
R² = 0.7993
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
(%)
(cm3)
Φ15.0 mm
Φ19.0 mm
Φ24.0 mm680 cm3
90 mm
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
U/D
(mm
)
cv (cm3)
15.0 mm
680 cm3
90 mm
BU
15.0 mm
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
U/D
(mm
)cv (cm3)
19.0 mm
680 cm3
90 mm
BU
19.0 mm
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
U/D
(mm
)
cv (cm3)
24.0 mm
680 cm3
90 mm
BU
24.0 mm
y = 5.3472ln(x) - 17.045R² = 0.8445
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
U/D
(%)
(cm3)
680 cm3
90 mm
U/D
����
- 18 -
CPG
CPG
U/D
8
K0
1.5
U/D
90%
U/D
CPG
CPG U/D
1) U/D
2) U/D
3) U/D
4)
5) U/D U/D
6) U/D
CPG
CPG
CPG
CPG U/D
1)
, 2013.
2) , , , ,
, ,
CPG
B3 Vol.72 No.2 pp. 372-377 2016
3) Takenouchi, K., Yamazaki, H., Sassa, S., Shinsaka, T.,
Konishi, T., Adachi, M., Kanno, Y., Takada, K., Okami,
T., Okada, H., Takahashi, T. and Zen, K.: Development of
Compaction Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval
Control, Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth International
Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, pp.908-915,
2016.
4) , , , ,
, , CPG
B3 Vol. 73
No. 2 pp. 282-287, 2017
5) , , , ,
, , CPG
, B3,
Vol. 74, No.2, pp. 886-891, 2018.
6) Takenouchi, K., Sassa, S., Yamazaki, H., Konishi, T.,
Shinsaka, T., Kanno, Y., Okada, H. and Takahashi, T.:
Development and Field Verification of a New Compaction
Grouting Method with Improved Upheaval Control,
ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 296, pp. ����
- 19 -
283-293, 2018.
7) Zen K et al. : Countermeasure for Liquefiable Ground
beneath the Existing Structure by CPG, Proceedings of
the Twenty-fifth International Ocean and Polar
Engineering Conference, Vol.2, pp.839-844, 2015.
8)
9
pp.26-29 2010.
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Copyright ○C (2019)by MPAT All rights reserved. No part of this book must be reproduced by any means without the written permission of the President of MPAT この資料は、海上・港湾・航空技術研究所理事長の承認を得て刊行したものである。したがって、
本報告書の全部または一部の転載、複写は海上・港湾・航空技術研究所理事長の文書による承認を
得ずしてこれを行ってはならない。
港湾空港技術研究所資料 No.1354
2019.8
編集兼発行人 国立研究開発法人海上・港湾・航空技術研究所
発 行 所 港 湾 空 港 技 術 研 究 所 横 須 賀 市 長 瀬 3 丁 目 1 番 1 号
TEL. 046(844)5040 URL. http://www.pari.go.jp/
印 刷 所 株 式 会 社 シ ー ケ ン
TECHNICAL NOTE
OF
THE PORT AND AIRPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE
No.1339 March 2018
National Institute of Maritime,
Port and Aviation Technology, Japan
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