16

16.1

ABA=B N I Q R C

ABAB1 AB , ABABBAAB ,

AUAA 2 A APA 1 2 3

4 1 2 3 4

16.2 1.1 ABABAB

2.2 ABABAB

3 ABC

4 AB

4 AB

3.3 ABABA-B

4. 4 ABAB ABAB

16.2

16.3 ABAB6

10034244813141525ABC

16.4 5 b b b

6 ABAB 7 ABR RABA=BRA RAB

R R RA8 R xdomRR; yranRRRRFLDR

R

RA=B A RAR

12341234 R

16.5 Rm n R

16.3

-----, RXY R

9 RX1 xRxRX2 xRxRX3 xRyyRxRX4 xRyyRxx=yRxRy yRx

5 xRyyRzxRzRX 1R12R3R4R1

16.6 10 RARRA A ,b44 ,b A4R4RR -b=4kk

RRA

11 RA A R RA3RAAR

3

12 RARAR 13 A A A

A RA A 7 AAAA

16.7 13 RARRA R

15 RABABBR RA b RA

16 A SA SA17 AS S SA

A A 16.8 18 RARRA APA

RA

19 RA AC b 20 BABB 21 A

22 AAx AbAAx bA A23A68A23 A Ax A AbA x bA

A1A12A 24 bAAc cbAd d b A23612136612136812

25 bAc bx c bd b bx d b 23b14884682

16.9 26 RABRR 8 AB 1 2 3

4 5 6 7 27 RABSBCRS AC 9 RABSBCRoSAC

28 RAR A 1 2 3 R rRSRtR

j=1 iK=12n j=j+1

16.10 29 ABfABfA Bb fAB b Aff

1AA2 Bb fABf16.13

aA bccB30 ABAB

AB AB8

31 ABfAB 1A f2Bf3ff AB

16.11 32 fABgBCfggofAC 10 ABCfABgBC1fggof

2fggof3fggof33 fABf fAB

nn22ABAB Am+1 n+1n n012n-1nn+1n n

ARRR