Download - ბუნებრივი კატასტროფები
2008
arabunebrivi katastrofebi
UnnatUral Disasters
Sesavali
yoveldRiurad ufro da ufro met informacias viRebT
msoflioSi momxdari katastrofebis Sedegad garemosa
da sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli zianis Sesaxeb.
sxvadasxva saxis katastrofebs Soris gansakuTrebuli
adgili bunebriv katastrofebs uWiravT, romelTa mier
gamowveuli ekonomikuri zarali bolo wlebis ganmav-
lobaSi ramdenime aTeuli miliardi dolariT ganisaz-
Rvreba. bunebrivi katastrofebi bunebrivi garemos
gauaresebasTan erTad did socialur da demografiul
zians ayeneben qveynebis umravlesobas. bunebrivi
katastrofebis Sesaxeb msoflio bankis 2005 wlis
moxsenebis mixedviT, msoflio mosaxleobis nax-
evarze meti - 3.4 miliardi adamiani - cxovrobs ar-
ealSi, sadac, sul cota, erTi bunebrivi katastrofis
dasabuTebuli saSiSroeba arsebobs. 160 qveyanaSi
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis meoTxedze meti cxovrobs
bunebrivi katastrofebis maRali riskis mqone terito-
riebze1.
katastrofebis epidemiologiuri kvlevis centris
mier 2007 wels momzadebuli angariSis mixedviT,
2006 wels bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveulma
ekonomikurma zaralma 34 miliardi dolari Seadgina2.
STambeWdavia bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegebis
salikvidaciod daxarjuli Tanxis raodenobac. moviy-
vanT msoflios masStabiT am miznebiT daxarjuli
Tanxis arasrul nusxas: ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis
manZilze (1980-2003 wlebSi) mxolod msoflio bankma
gasca 14.4 miliardi aSS dolaris gadaudebeli sesxi
bunebrivi katastrofebiT yvelaze metad dazaralebuli
20 qveynisaTvis. 1999-2003 wlamde msoflioSi momx-
dari bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebulma
ekonomikurma zaralma 212.692 miliardi dolari Sead-
gina. aqedan yvelaze meti evropisa da aziis qveynebze
modis, sadac zarali 161.5 miliardi dolari iyo3.
1. (ECLAC, World Bank) “Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis Risk Identification for Disaster Risk Management Maxx Dilley International Research Institute for Climate Prediction”.2. P. Hoyois, R. Below, J-M Scheuren, D. Guha-Sapir; Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006; Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters; Brussels, May 2007.3. D. Guha-Sapir, D. Hargitt, P. Hoyois; Thirty Years of Natural Disasters 1974-2003: The Numbers; Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters; Louvain, 2004.
qarTuli realoba
bunebrivi katastrofebis sixSiris TvalsazrisiT, erT-erTi problemuri qveyana saqar-
Tveloa. sayuradReboa saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centrebis monacemebi, romlebic
asaxaven saqarTvelosaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebul da SesaZlo zarals.
SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs samxreT kavkasiis regionSi saqarTvelos ori mezobeli
qveynis, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis, monacemebi, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom bolo 10
wlis ganmavlobaSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad saqarTvelosaTvis miyenebuli
zarali 3-jer da ufro metad aRemateba uSualod mosazRvre qveynebis imave maCvenebels:
saqarTvelo 337 719,246 552 4
somxeTi 107 297,000 100 20.8
azerbaijani 113 43,964 170 1.5
qveyana 1999-2003 wlebSi miyene-buli ekonomikuri zarali (mln. aSS dolari)4
1999-2008 wleb-Si bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli ada-mianebis raode-noba5
1999-2008 wleb-Si bunebrivi katastrofe-biT miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali (mln. aSS dolari)6
SesaZlo bune-brivi katastrofe-biT gamowveuli ekonomikuri zara-lis wliuri riski(miliardi aSS dolari)7
miuxedavad saqarTvelos teritoriis farTobis SedarebiTi simcirisa, misi bunebrivi
pirobebi (mdebareoba geologiurad aqtiuri ubnebis teritoriaze, reliefi, klimati,
hidrografiuli qseli, flora, fauna da a.S.) gamoirCeva mniSvnelovani mravalfe-
rovnebiT. bunebrivi pirobebis mravalferovneba, erTi mxriv, warmoadgens unikalur
resurss, xolo, meore mxriv, gamomdinare bunebrivi procesebis aqtiurobidan, romelic
damaxasiaTebelia amgvari regionebisaTvis, mniSvnelovan siZneleebs qmnis qveynis
ganviTarebisaTvis.
bunebrivi katastrofebis sakiTxze muSaobisas saxelmwifos midgoma, saukeTeso
SemTxvevaSi, or ZiriTad komponents unda moicavdes:
1. moaxdinos arsebuli resursebis mobilizeba bunebrivi katastrofebis
prognozirebasa da prevenciaze, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs im struqturebis
gaZlierebas, romlebic pasuxismgebeli arian saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis
prognozirebasa da prevenciuli zomebis dagegmva-ganxorcielebaze.
2. maqsimalurad srulyos ukve damdgari uaryofiTi Sedegebis likvidaciaze
pasuxismgebeli struqturebi. rac, erTi mxriv, katastrofebis Sedegad miRebuli
ekonomikuri zaralis Semcirebasa da, meore mxriv, operatiuli reagirebis
SemTxvevaSi, adamianTa msxverplis maqsimalurad Tavidan acilebas uzrunvelyofs.
4. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehensive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004).5. “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium”.6. “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database www.em-dat.net - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium”.7. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehensive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004).
Sesavali | 3
situacia rTuldeba, rodesac saxelmwifos moqmedeba uwevs SezRuduli resursebis
pirobebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, ZiriTadi aqcenti gadadis am ori mi-
marTulebidan erT-erTze.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ibadeba kiTxvebi: romeli midgoma ufro marTebulia
saqarTvelosaTvis da romeli mimarTulebiT unda moxdes resursebis mobilizeba.
amJamad saqarTvelos xelisuflebis midgoma meore mimarTulebaze aqcentirebas gulis-
xmobs, risi TvalsaCino dadasturebacaa qveyanaSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringsa
da prevenciaze pasuxismgebeli struqturis - garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros - monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris, amJamad garemos erovnuli
saagentos, programuli dafinanseba:
# weli biujeti larebSi
1 2006 2 224 000
2 2007 1 535 000
3 2008 2 235 000
2008 wels centris dafinanseba (hidrologiuri sadgurebis sareabilitacio samuSaoebis
xarjze) 2 235 000 laramde gaizarda. miuxedavad am zrdisa, monitoringisa da prog-
nozirebis centris biujeti garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
mTliani biujetis 6% Seadgens, rac dReisaTvis am mimarTulebis araprioritetulobaze
miuTiTebs.
Sefasebis struqtura
am Sefasebis mTavari mizania, warmodgena Seuqmnas mkiTxvels, zogadad, msoflioSi
da, konkretulad, saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis sakiTxebTan dakav-
Sirebul zogad mdgomareobasa da problemebze.
aRniSnuli naSromi Semdegnairadaa agebuli: pirveli nawili aRwers ukanasknel wlebSi
saqarTveloSi momxdar bunebriv katastrofebs, maT sixSiresa da masStabebs. moyva-
nili monacemebis gasamyareblad warmovadgenT Cven mier SerCeul regionebSi (aWar-
is mTianeTi da samegrelo - zemo svaneTi) arsebul mdgomareobas da konkretuli
magaliTebis safuZvelze SevafasebT im saSiSroebebs, romlebic emuqreba am region-
ebsa da maT mosaxleobas.
meore Tavi ZiriTadad Seexeba bunebrivi katastrofebis gamomwvev anTropogenur
mizezebs, rogoricaa: xe-tyis Wra, wiaRiseuli resursebis araswori eqspluatacia, wylis
kalapotebis Caxergva da klimatis cvlileba. vnaxavT, ramdenad saWiroa am tipis saqmi-
anobaSi winaswari prognozireba da ramdenad axdenen isini gavlenas saSiSi bunebrivi
procesebis gaaqtiurebaze.
bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis Sefaseba iqneba mesame Tavis
ZiriTadi Tema. kerZod, vaCvenebT, ra Tanxas xarjavs saqarTvelo bunebrivi katastro-
febis Sedegebis likvidaciaze da ramdenad srulfasovnad uzrunvelyofs es Tanxa am
4 | Sesavali
process. am TavSive yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ekomi-
grantebisaTvis gaweuli sxvadasxva saxis daxmarebebze. vnaxavT, rom maTi gadasax-
leba saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi xSir SemTxvevaSi warmoqmnis damatebiT socialur,
ekonomikur da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, politikur problemebsac ki.
meoTxe Tavis Sinaarsi koncentrirebuli iqneba mTavrobis mier dRemde gaweul saqmi-
anobebze bunebrivi katastrofebis monitoringisa da prognozirebis saqmeSi, agreTve
dReisaTvis am mimarTulebiT arsebul tendenciebze. es Tavi moicavs saqarTvelos
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros 1999-2007 wlebis biujetis
analizs bunebrivi katastrofebis monitoringis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis
kuTxiT. am TavSive iqneba moyvanili saxelmwifo struqturebis mier ganxorcielebuli
monitoringisa da prognozirebis Sedegad bunebrivi katastrofebis Tavidan acilebis
an maTi zaralis sagrZnoblad Semcirebis konkretuli magaliTebi. warmovaCenT moni-
toringisa da prognozirebis centris saqmianobis efeqturobas.
mexuTe TavSi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iqneba imaze, Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes bunebri-
vi katastrofebis Semcirebis mizniT an, saerTod, Tavidan acilebisaTvis. aq iqneba
Tavmoyrili msoflioSi adaptirebul midgomebze dayrdnobili Cveni rekomendaciebi.
Sesavali | 5
Tavi IsaxifaTo tendencia:
bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi
saqarTvelos reliefi, hidrografiuli qseli, meteorologiuri pirobebi da garemoze
maRali anTropogenuri zewola, xelsayrel pirobebs qmnian iseTi bunebrivi katastro-
febis ganviTarebisaTvis, rogoricaa: Rvarcofi, mewyeri, mdinaris mier napirebis
Camorecxva, teritoriis datborva da sxv.
ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli bunebrivi stiqiuri movlenebis statis-
tikis warmoCenisas daveyrdnobiT monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris, Sinagan
saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis departamentis monacemebsa da Cven mier
sakvlevad SerCeuli raionebis mmarTvelobiTi struqturebis informaciebs.
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da
prognozirebis centris8 monacemebiT, bolo wlebSi momxdari bunebrivi katastrofe-
bis sixSire da masStabi mkveTrad gaizarda, gansakuTrebiT mTagorian da mTispira
raionebSi. 2004 wels gaaqtiurebulma geologiurma stiqiurma procesebma 2005 wels
kulminacias miaRwies. qveynis masStabiT maRali saSiSroebis riskis zonaSi moeqca
190-mde dasaxlebuli punqti:
5,221 2,880 9,610 111
Sefasebuli saxlebis raodenoba
dazianebuli saxlebis raodenoba
sabrunavidan amovardnili miwis fondi (ha)
dangreuli da dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebi (km)
am stiqiuri procesebis Sedegad gansakuTrebiT dazianda mcxeTa-mTianeTis, samegrelo
- zemo svaneTis, aWaris, raWa-leCxumis, qvemo svaneTisa da guriis mxareebi. amave
wels, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT, stiqiuri movlenebis gamo 86-jer
gamocxadda sagangebo mdgomareoba:
saSiSi geologiuri procesebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelosaTvis 2006 weli 2005
welTan SedarebiT ufro stabiluri iyo. amis erT-erT ZiriTad mizezad specialistebi
saqarTveloSi naleqebis saSualo mravalwliuri raodenobis simcires asaxeleben. miuxe-
davad am xelSemwyobi faqtorisa, saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi bunebrivi stiqiuri
procesebisagan, kerZod, mewyrisa da Rvarcofisgan gamowveuli zarali sakmaod didi
iyo. gansakuTrebulad maRali saSiSroebis riskis zonaSi aRmoCndnen zugdidis, cager-
is, Coxataurisa da duSeTis raionebi, sadac 1 200-ze meti sacxovrebeli saxli dazianda:
8. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #17/1924, 04.12.2007.
35 213 185 95 69
daRupuli adamianebis raodenoba
daSavebuli adamianebis raodenoba
dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi anZebis raodenoba
dangreuli da dazianebuli gzebis sigrZe (km)
dangreuli da dazianebuli xidebis raodenoba
bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi | 7
mniSvnelovnad dazianda agreTve kaxeTis gazmomaragebis axmeta-TianeTis 300 mm-iani
diametris gazsadenis monakveTi9.
9. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #17/1924, 04.12.2007.
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros monacemebiT, 2007 wlis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze bunebrivi katastrofebis gamo 205-jer gamocxadda sagange-
bo mdgomareoba:
calke warmovadgenT Cven mier sakvlev obieqtebad SerCeuli raionebis monacemebs:
mestiis municipalitetis monacemebiT, 2004-2005 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis
Sedegad dazaralebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis raodenoba 880 ojaxs Seadgens. stiq-
iis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis nawili (86 ojaxi) gadasaxlebul iqna saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva raionSi.
3 416 286 260
daRupuli adamianebis raodenoba
daSavebuli adamianebis raodenoba
damwvari tyis farTobi (ha)
datborili saso-flo-sameurneo savargulebis farTobi (ha)
35 213 185 95 69
daRupuli adamianebis raodenoba
daSavebuli adamianebis raodenoba
dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi anZebis raodenoba
dangreuli da dazianebuli gzebis sigrZe (km)
dangreuli da dazianebuli xidebis raodenoba
2006 wels mewyrul-Rvarcofulma procesebma gansakuTrebuli ziani miayenes transkavka-
siur 1 200 da 700 mm-iani diametris magistralur gazsadenebs.
sur. #1
transkavkasiuri 1 200 mm-iani gazsadenis RvarcofiT
dazianebuli monakveTi md. qabarjinas xeobaSi (yazbegis
r-ni). garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri
sur. #2
axmeta-TianeTis monakveTze mewyruli procesebiT daziane-
buli gazsadenis mili, kaxeTis gazmomaragebis milsadeni.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri
8 | bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi
Semdgom wlebSi (2006-2007) ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros mier damatebiT
gadasaxlebul iqna kidev 40 ojaxi10. magram miuxedavad ojaxebis gadasaxlebisa, adgilze
situaciis Seswavlam gvaCvena, rom problema amiT ar amoiwureba. amJamad arsebuli
mdgomareobiT, kvlav rCebian ojaxebi, romlebsac gadasaxlebis safrTxe emuqrebaT.
mestiis raionSi situaciis adgilze gacnobisas davrwmundiT, rom stiqiuri katastro-
febi da misgan miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali, faqtobrivad, mosaxleobis cxovrebis
ganuyofel, Tanamdev nawilad iqca. Rvarcofi, grigali, mewyeri, gaxizvna, droebiTi
TavSesafari, auRebeli Tu aRebuli mosavlis dakargva, pirutyvis daxrCoba - es yve-
laferi adgilobrivTaTvis ukve cxovrebis Cveulebrivi mdgomareobaa. 1
mestiaSi momxdari yvela katastrofa pirdapir aisaxeba walenjixis raionis engurispi-
ra soflebze. wyalmovardnis dros enguris wyalsacavi umarTavi xdeba da erTaderTi
gamosavali wylis qvemo dinebaSi gaSvebaa. Sedegad, mdinare ezoebsa da yanebs tbo-
ravs, saxlebs azianebs, itacebs pirutyvs.
aris adgilebi, sadac mdinaris kalapoti napirebze maRlaa da Tu saswrafod ar gai-
wminda, masStaburi katastrofa moxdeba. amis Sesaxeb energetikis saministros, hidro-
proeqtisa da yofili qonebis dacvis saministros daskvnebic arsebobs, Tumca dRemde
ver xerxdeba Tanxis gamonaxva problemis mosagvareblad.
walenjixis problemebi, ra Tqma unda, enguriT ar amoiwureba. aq TiTqmis yvela mdin-
are, Rele da ferdobi problemuria. amis dasturad mogvyavs amonaridi sofel Cqvaleris
erT-erTi mcxovrebis monaTxrobidan:
`wyavis xeebi, ferdobis ZirSi
rom moCans, ezoSi medga. ezo 6-7
metriT win iyo, mere gza gadioda,
mere - sasaflao, mere - Cais plan-
tacia. 4-5 welia, rac stiqia daiwyo.
axla aRarc Cais plantaciaa, aRarc
sasaflao, gza Cemi ezos siRrmeSi
gadis, imis iqiT mewyeria da es
gzac Tan miaqvs. ori wlis win 21
saflavi amoTxares da sxva adgilas
gadaitanes. axla iqidanac sxvagan
gadatanaa saWiro. Cvens sofelSi 20-
mde saxli Suazea gaxleCili da wyali
oTaxebSi gadis.
10. mestiis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN) #11, 08.02.2008.
bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi | 9
sur. #3
daba mestia - ubani laRami, RvarcofsaSiSi ubani. kavkasiis
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
walenjixis municipalitetis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, bunebrivi katastrofebis Sed-
egad 1999-2006 wlebSi dazaralda 245 ojaxi, maTgan 117 ojaxi mewyerma daaziana11.
kidev ufro mZime mdgomareobaa mTian aWaraSi. mTis soflebis wyalgaumtari Tixnari
masivebi ferdobebze micocavs da saxlebi baRebianad miaqvs. aseT soflebSi adami-
anebi sicocxlis riskis fasad cxovroben da saswrafo evakuacias saWiroeben.
qedis raionSi 1999-2007 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad dazaralda 523 ojaxi12.
raionis sakrebulos Tavmjdomaris informaciiT, ramdenime sofelSi cxovreba SeuZle-
beli gaxda. aq bunebrivi katastrofebis safrTxe Tovlis dnobis dawyebisTanave
Cndeba.
gazafxulobiT sofel jalabaSvilebis miwis didi nawili, daaxloebiT 17-18 heqtari,
moZraobas iwyebs. amas betonis Senoba ver uZlebs. xis saxli ufro gamZlea, magram
bolos isic ingreva.
saswrafo evakuacias saWiroebs sofel uCxiTis erT-erTi ubani, sadac miwisqveSa
napralidan wylis xmauri ismis da Tovlis dnobis dawyebisTanave 17 ojaxis sicocx-
les safrTxe eqmneba.
mudmivi SiSis qveS uxdeba cxovreba sofel kokotauris 30-mde ojaxsac. geologiuri
daskvnebiT, SesaZloa, maT Tavze arsebuli mTa moulodnelad mowydes da saxlebi
damewyros.
sofel woniarisTan mdinare aWariswyalma jebiri gaarRvia da 3 saxls 7-8 metrze mi-
uaxlovda.
11. walenjixis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN) #87, 06.02.2008.12. qedis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #156, 18.02.2008.
sur. #5
qedis raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
qseli (CENN)
sur. #4
nodar Wanturia, sofeli Cqvaleri: `wyavis xeebi, ferdobis ZirSi
rom moCans, ezoSi medga~. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTav-
robo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
10 | bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi
bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi | 11
analogiuri mdgomareobaa Suaxevis raionis soflebSic. aq bunebrivi katastrofebis
Sedegad dazaralebulia 1 300 ojaxi. maT Soris 214 ojaxs miniWebuli aqvs dazianebis
xarisxis I da II kategoriebi (I kategoria - yvelaze mZime), 309 - III kategoria, 500 - IV
kategoria13.
sofel CanCxalos hidrogeologiurma Seswavlam aCvena, rom aseulobiT saxli aSenebu-
lia iseT gruntze, romlebic miwisqveSa wylebis Zlieri zemoqmedebis qveS imyofeba.
didi miwisqveSa napralebi TovlSic ki advilad SesamCnevia. saxlebi dangrevis pirzea.
soflebis - neniisa da buTravlis - sazRvarze mTis mwvervalis teqtonikuri rRvevis
Sedegad masivis mTlianoba darRveulia da, geologebis SefasebiT, mosalodnel stiq-
ias SeiZleba adamianTa msxverpli mohyves.
2007 wels bunebrivi katastrofebis axali kera dafiqsirda sofel oqtomberSi. im
mTis qveS gaCenilma napralma, romelic ramdenime ojaxs Tavze dahyurebs, SesaZloa,
mTis CamoSla da amiT didi tragedia gamoiwvios.
saerTo suraTSi gamonakliss ar warmoadgens arc xulos raioni. 1999-2007 wlebSi aq
bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad 1 173 ojaxi dazaralda. I kategoriis ziani miadga
54 ojaxs, II - 72 ojaxs, III - 110 ojaxs, IV - 937 ojaxs. aqedan, saqarTvelos ltolvilTa
da gansaxlebis saministrom 2004-2007 wlebSi 340 komli gadaasaxla saqarTvelos sxva-
dasxva regionSi14.
2002 wlidan mewyrulma procesebma soflebSi - paqsaZeebsa da danisparaulSi - reliefi
sruliad Secvala.
13. Suaxevis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-
sadmi (CENN) #21/56, 07.02.2008.14. xulos municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #10/42, 15.02.2008.
sur. #6
Suaxevis raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
qseli (CENN)
warmodgenili statistikuri masala da dazaralebuli raionebis adgilze kvlevis Sede-
gebi mowmobs, rom stiqiuri movlenebis ricxvi saqarTveloSi sakmaod didia. arsebuli
situacia ki safuZvels gvaZlevs, vifiqroT, rom maTi raodenoba momaval wlebSi kidev
ufro gaizrdeba. stiqiuri movlenebis prevencias, ZiriTadad, monitoringisa da prog-
nozirebis centri (2008 wlis seqtembridan - garemos erovnuli saagento) axorcielebs.
aq ki viTareba Semdegnairia: garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris mier 2004 wlidan dRemde ar Catarebula
srulyofili regionaluri monitoringi; amitom, 2007 wlis moxsenebis mixedviT, prog-
nozi zogadi xasiaTisaa. amis mTavari mizezi, centris TanamSromlebis azriT, aris
finansuri da materialuri resursebis simcire, rac ganapirobebs aucilebeli winas-
wari saprognozo informaciis naklebobas. regionaluri monitoringuli SefasebiTi
kvlevebi ganxorcielda mxolod urbanizebuli teritoriebis farglebSi da isic Sez-
Rudulad. moklevadiani prognozebis damuSavebas arTulebs is garemoebac, rom 2000
wlidan dRemde centrs ar gaaCnia saSiSi geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis grZel-
vadiani prognozi. bolo grZelvadiani gegma sabWoTa periodSi momzadda. zemoTqmu-
lidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia, davaskvnaT, rom saprognozo da fonuri informaciis
nakleboba Sesabamisad ganapirobebs srulfasovani prevenciis SeuZleblobas, rac
katastrofuli movlenebis ricxvis zrdaSi gamoixateba.
samomavlo tendenciis TvalsazrisiT, aRsaniSnavia is, rom geologiuri procesebis
prognozireba umeteswilad dakavSirebulia atmosferuli naleqebis raodenobasTan. at-
mosferuli naleqebis zrda an naleqebis saSualo mravalwliani raodenobis Tanafardi
raodenobiT mosvla gamoiwvevs geologiurad mgrZnobiare farTobebze mewyersa da
Rvarcofs. monitoringisa da prognozirebis centris hidrometeorologiuri samsaxuris
monacemebiT, 2007-2008 wlebis zamTarSi mosuli naleqebis raodenobis maCvenebeli
30%-iT ufro maRalia naleqebis saSualo mravalwliur maCvenebelze.
12 | bunebrivi katastrofebis
sixSire da masStabi
sur. #7
xulos raioni. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
qseli (CENN)
Tavi IIbunebaTsargeblobidan
bunebriv katastrofamde:
anTropogenuri
mizezebiT gamowveuli
bunebrivi katastrofebi
zogadad, bunebriv katastrofas vuwodebT yvela im tipis bunebriv movlenas, romelTa
Sedegebi uaryofiTad aisaxeba adamianTa sazogadoebis cxovrebis sxvadasxva as-
peqtze da romlebic iwveven materialur zarals an/da, uares SemTxvevaSi, adamianTa
msxverpls. gansakuTrebul zians iwveven is movlenebi (miwisZvra, xanZari), romelTa
winaswari prognozireba SeuZlebelia da romelTa warmoqmna da mimdinareoba stiqiur
xasiaTs atareb. aqve aucilebelia iTqvas, rom mecnierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove
etapze aseTi movlenebis nusxa mniSvnelovnad Semcirda.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, bunebrivi katastrofebi bunebaSi mimdinare procesTa
is kategoriaa, romelic uaryofiTad aisaxeba adamianTa sazogadoebaze. anu amgvari
procesebi mudmivad mimdinareobs da axasiaTebs garkveuli perioduloba. garda am
tipis movlenebisa, ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac ukiduresad gazrdilia
bunebriv procesebSi adamianis Carevis xarisxi, gamoikveTa bunebrivi katastrofe-
bis axali tipi, romelTa mizezs adamianTa sazogadoebis mier bunebrivi resursebis
araswori eqspluatacia warmoadgens. am tipis movlenebs Cven anTropogenuri mizeze-
biT gamowveul bunebriv katastrofebs vuwodebT. maTi speqtri sakmaod farToa da
vlindeba, dawyebuli, lokaluri da, damTavrebuli, globaluri masStabiT. ase, magaliTad,
globaluri anTropogenuri bunebrivi movlenaa e.w. globaluri daTboba, romlis Sesa-
Zlo uaryofiTi Sedegebi srulad jer kidev ar aris gaazrebuli.
saqarTvelos rTul bunebriv pirobebs, romlebic xSiri bunebrivi kataklizmebis wina
pirobas warmoadgenen, xSir SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro arTulebs adamianis mier bune-
brivi resursebis araswori gamoyeneba. am TavSi Cven SevecdebiT, saqarTvelos magali-
Tze avsaxoT is uaryofiTi movlenebi, romlebic ZiriTadad gamowveulia adamianTa
saqmianobisa da maT mier bunebrivi resursebis araswori eqspluataciis Sedegad.
amasTan aRvniSnavT, rom sxvadasxva tipis zianis struqturireba sakmaod pirobiTia,
radgan, rogorc cnobilia, buneba warmoadgens erTian kompleqss, sadac mis erT rome-
lime komponentze zemoqmedeba avtomaturad niSnavs sxva komponentebis gaaqtiurebas.
ase rom, faqtobrivad, erTi romelime konkretuli ziani, romelsac adamiani ayenebs
bunebas, mravali bunebrivi katastrofis mizezi xdeba. xolo mravali sxvadasxva tipis
saqmianoba, romelic zians ayenebs garemos, gvaZlevs erTgvar kumulaciur efeqts, rac
aisaxeba kidec uaryofiTi stiqiuri procesebis gaaqtiurebaSi.
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi14 |
xe-tyis Wra
xe-tyis Wra iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, gansakuTrebiT frTxil damok-
idebulebas moiTxovs. rogorc cnobilia, tyis umniSvnelovanes funqcias misi wyal-
maregulirebeli da niadagdacviTi Tvisebebi warmoadgens. misi es Tvisebebi gansa-
kuTrebiT aqtualurobas iZens rTuli da danawevrebuli reliefis pirobebSi maRalmTian
regionebSi, swored iseTSi, rogoricaa saqarTvelos umetesi nawili. aseT regionebSi
xe-tyis Wra gansakuTrebuli wesebiT aris daSvebuli (ase, magaliTad, saqarTveloSi moq-
medi regulaciebiT akrZalulia xis moWra 35 gradusze meti daxrilobis ferdobebze, am
akrZalvis ZiriTadi mizani swored tyeebis niadagdacviTi funqciis SenarCunebaa).
am mxriv ukanaskneli aTwleulis manZilze saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani zarali miadga.
mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT tyis ukontrolo da ukanono Wris Sedegad gaCanagda
mTis tyeebis didi nawili. garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros sa-
tyeo departamentis monacemebiT, 1995-2000 wlebSi oficialurad moiWra 310 000-dan
370 000 m3-mde saSeSe da samrewvelo daniSnulebis xis masala; Tumca, maTive monace-
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi| 15
sur. #8
mitovebuli saxerxi daba lentexSi, qvemo svaneTi. kavkasiis garemos-
dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
mebiT, aralegalurma Wram am wlebSi 700 000 m3 Seadgina (araoficialuri monacemebiT,
mxolod 1996 wels 2.5 mln. m3 xe-tye moiWra). am wlebSi saqarTveloSi 1 heqtarze 300-
400 m3 tyis merqani mzaddeboda. Tumca saqarTvelosaTvis tyis mdgradobis SesanarCu-
neblad 1 heqtarze 7-8 m3 tyis merqnis damzadebaa rekomendebuli. yovelive zemoTqmu-
lidan gamomdinare cxadia, rom tyeebi veRar asruleben wyalmaregulirebel funqcias da
uxvi naleqebis SemTxvevaSi xelsayreli pirobebi iqmneba wyaldidobebisa da wyalmo-
vardnebisaTvis. ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze saqarTveloSi ganviTrebuli wyaldido-
bebi swored tyis arsebuli mZime mdgomareobis gamoZaxilia. garda wyaldidobebisa,
aRniSnuli procesebi xels uwyoben eroziuli da mewyruli procesebis ganviTarebas.
swored amgvar situaciasTan gvaqvs saqme Cven mier gamokvleul regionebSi. amasTan,
mewyruli procesebi gansakuTrebiT aqtiurdeba uxvi naleqebis pirobebSi. ase rom, xSir
SemTxvevaSi mas Tan erTvis wyaldidobebic da Sedegad viRebT Rvarcoful warmonaqm-
nebs.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukanasknel periodSi gaxSirebuli wyaldidobebis, wyalmovardne-
bisa da Rvarcofuli movlenebis erT-erT Zireul da umTavres mizezad swored tyis
resursebis araswori eqspluatacia gvevlineba.
dReisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom satyeo departamentisa da gare-
mos erovnuli saagentos erToblivi daskvnebis safuZvelze SemuSavebul iqnes tyis
resursebis mdgradi marTvis konkretuli wesebi da am wesebsa da saqarTvelos relie-
fis Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT moxdes qveynis masStabiT im satyeo ubnebis gan-
sazRvra, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba sxvadasxva tipis tyiT sargebloba. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania is, rom amis gakeTeba moxdes manam, sanam gaicema satyeo farTobe-
bze tyis resursebiT sargeblobis mokle an grZelvadiani licenziebi.
sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis eqspluatacia
saqarTveloSi warmoqmnil bunebriv katastrofebs Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani ad-
gili eroziul da mewyrul movlenebs ukavia. saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Tanaxmad, saqarT-
veloSi 10 000-mde mewyruli procesia identificirebuli, saidanac 3 000 dReisaTvis
aqtiuria15. gansxvavebul informacias iZleva monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri,
romlis mixedviTac, dafiqsirebuli 50 000 mewyruli procesidan aqtiuria 10 000. eroz-
iuli da mewyruli procesebis umTavresi uaryofiTi Sedegi maRalproduqtiuli sasoflo-
sameurneo miwebis dakargvaa: oficialuri monacemebiT, bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
10 000 heqtarze meti sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis fondi amovarda brunvi-
dan. Tumca, eqspertebis azriT, es ricxvi realurad gacilebiT didia. amasTan, aRsani-
Savia isic, rom es zarali saqarTvelos yvelaze mciremiwian mTian regionebs miadga.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am problemis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi tyis resursebis
araswori eqspluataciaa, rasac emateba sasoflo-sameurneo RonisZiebebis saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli aramdgradi praqtika, romlis safuZvelsac sabWoTa periodis kolmeur-
neobebSi danergili agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebi warmoadgens. amgvarma praqtikam
sabolood moSala tradiciuli, mdgradi meurneobis warmoebis tipebi (mag., ferdobebis
dateraseba, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis irigacia). Sesabamisad, tyis araswor eqsplu-
atacias emateba meurneobis warmoebis araswori praqtika da saxeze gvaqvs erTgvari
kumulaciuri efeqti, rasac Sedegad mosdevs nayofieri miwebis dakargva. es ki isedac
mciremiwiani saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovan danakliss warmoadgens.
15. Cristoph Pusch; Prevantable Losses: Saving lives and Property through Hazard Risk Management, (A Comprehen-sive Risk Management Framework for Europe and Central Asia; The World Bank, October 2004.
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi16 |
sur. #9
mdinare aWariswyali. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi| 17
soflis meurneobis aramdgradi meTodebis gamo gansakuTrebuli problema swored
mTian regionebSi iqmneba, iq, sadac miwas cicabo ferdobebze amuSaveben. bunebrivi
kordis daSla iwvevs erozias da viTardeba axali mewyruli kera. garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis saministros poziciiT, saqarTveloSi gaumarTlebelia saxnavis,
saTibebisa da saZovrebis eqspluataciisTvis ferdobis daxrilobis evropuli stan-
dartis SemoReba, romelic garkveuli daxrilobisa da niadagis agebulebis ferdobebze
konkretuli sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobebis SezRudvebs awesebs (qarTuli istoriuli
soflebis didi nawili swored cicabo ferdobebzea ganlagebuli da aseTi SezRudvis
daweseba regionebis daclas gamoiwvevs).
rac Seexeba aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobas, igi gamosavals swored mTis
gantvirTvaSi xedavs. aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare levan varSalomiZe am azrs
ubralo statistikiT amyarebs: `Tu 15 wlis win xulos raionSi 15 000 kaci cxovrobda,
dRes aq 36 000 adamiani cxovrobs. Warbi mosaxleobis gamo garemoze dawola izrdeba,
iCexeba meti tye, xdeba araswori ganaSenianeba da ferdobebis sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebiT gamoyeneba, rac sabolood bunebrivi katastrofiTa da tragediiT
mTavrdeba.
eqspertebis azriT, mTis mosaxleobisagan dacla gamosavali ar aris. maT evropuli
qveynebis magaliTi mohyavT, sadac mTa swored soflis meurneobis mdgradi meTode-
bis danergviT gadaarCines.
samwuxaroa, rom saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis TiTqmis ar arsebobs garemos erovnuli
saagentosa da soflis meurneobis saministros TanamSromloba, rac aucilebelia
saqarTvelos mTiani regionebis miwaTsargeblobis mdgradi principebis SemuSavebi-
saTvis, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis sxvadasxva saxis saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis
Sedegad dazianebuli ubnebis identificirebisa da miwaTsargeblobis dargSi swori
midgomebis momzadebisaTvis.
aucilebelia, rom soflis meurneobis saministrom glexebs gaacnos miwis damuSave-
bis Tanamedrove midgomebi da meTodebi. saWiroa, am mizniT momzaddes da ganxor-
cieldes piloturi proeqtebi da sxvadasxva formiT waxalisebul iqnes mdgradi soflis
meurneobis praqtika.
inertuli masalebis amoReba mdinareebis kalapotebidan
mniSvnelovan zians ayenebs bunebas da xSir SemTxvevaSi mravali bunebrivi katastro-
fis mizezi xdeba mdinaris kalapotidan inertuli masalebis araswor adgilas da
araswori meTodebiT amoReba. aRniSnuli saqmianoba iwvevs Rvarcofuli movlenebis
gaaqtiurebasa da mdinaris sanapiro xazis rRvevas, rac aseve momavali bunebrivi
katastrofebis wina piroba xdeba da, amasTan, xSir SemTxvevaSi sanapirosTan axlos
ganlagebuli sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis kargvas ganapirobebs.
qviSa-xreSis mopoveba, ZiriTadad, mdinareebis kalapotebSi natani masalis amoRebis
gziT xdeba. am saqmianobis daugegmavi da winaswari gaTvlebis gareSe ganxorcieleba
mniSvnelovnad zrdis bunebrivi katastrofebis mosalodnel albaTobas. zemo aWaris
raionebSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca arasworad ganxorcielebuli qviSa-xreSis amoRe-
bis Sedegad mdinarem waiRo adgilobrivi mosaxlis miwis nakveTi. sapilote raionebSi
muSaobis dros aseTi saxis ramdenime SemTxvevas wavawydiT. magaliTisaTvis SeiZle-
ba moviyvanoT TviT daba qeda, sadac mdinare safrTxes uqmnis sacxovrebel saxls,
romelSic ramdenime ojaxi cxovrobs.
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi18 |
sur. #10
qedis raioni, sof. dologani, inertuli masalis amoReba md. aWarisw-
ylidan. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli
(CENN)
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi| 19
bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad sagzao in-
frastruqturisaTvis miyenebuli zaralis raodenoba. suraTze asaxulia SemTxveva, roca
arasworad ganxorcielebulma qviSa-xreSis amoRebam safrTxe Seuqmna ori soflis da-
makavSirebel xids, romelic qedis raionis gamgeobam 2007 wels SeakeTa da amisaTvis
raionis biujetidan ramdenime aTasi lari daixarja.
sur. #12
qedis raioni - sof. dologani, inertuli masalis amoReba
md. aWariswylidan. kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
sur. #11
qedis raioni - sacxovrebeli saxli daba qedisi. kavkasiis
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli
(CENN)
dReisaTvis Tbilisi-senakis saavtomobilo magistralis goris monakveTze centraluri
xidis dazianebis erT-erTi mizezi SeiZleba swored mdinare liaxvidan qviSa-xreSis
araswori mopoveba iyos. mdinaridan inertuli masalis amoRebis Semdeg xSir SemTx-
vevebSi izrdeba mdinaris siCqare. amis gamo ki SesaZlebelia, xidis sayrdenma boZebma
ver gauZlos gazrdil zewolas da seriozulad daziandes.
sur. #13
goris raioni - md. liaxvis dazianebuli xidi. kavkasiis
garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN)
zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, mdinareebis kalapotebidan inertuli masalis amoRebasTan
dakavSirebuli situacia mravalmxriv analizs moiTxovs. am SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia
calsaxad imis mtkiceba, rom kalapotidan masalis amoRebas mxolod uaryofiTi Sede-
gebi moaqvs. kerZod, eqspertebis erTi nawilis azriT (rasac xelisuflebac iziarebs),
stiqiuri movlenebis gaaqtiurebis erT-erTi mizezi mdinareTa kalapotebis inertuli
masaliT amovsebaa. anu, Sesabamisad, qviSa-xreSis mopoveba garkveul SemTxvevaSi
garemoze dadebiT zegavlenas axdens. isic cnobilia, rom igive saqmianoba kalapotis
gaswvrivi eroziisa da zRvispira teritoriebis datborvis mizezi xdeba.
eqsperti geologebis umetesobis azriT, SeuZlebelia, yvela mdinaris mimarT erT-
nairad gamarTlebuli iyos Teoria, TiTqos kalapotidan inertuli masalebis amoReba
saWiroa da es garemozec dadebiTad aisaxeba. yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi adekvaturi
gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia srulfasovani kvlevis Catareba.
`zRvisa da mdinareTa napirebis regulirebisa da sainJinro dacvis Sesaxeb saqarT-
velos kanonis me-9 muxlis mixedviT, mdinaridan inertuli masalebis amoReba mxolod
im SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, Tu natanis akumulirebis ubnebi napirebis eroziis mizezs
warmoadgens da maTi gantvirTviT es problema ixsneba.
erT-erT aseT ubnad gasul wels mdinare aWariswyalze dologanis ubani ganisazRvra da
qviSa-xreSis mopovebaze gaica licenzia. specialistTa azriT, aq dagrovili natanis
datoveba ufro met safrTxeebs moicavda, vidre misi amoReba.
zRvis gaaqtiurebisa da sanapiro zolis mitacebis Seuqcevadi procesis fonze dRis
wesrigSi dadga samTo karierebis moZieba. sagulisxmoa, rom arc mTis karierebia
ekologiurad usafrTxo da maTze Catarebulma afeTqebebma SeiZleba mewyruli procese-
bi gaaaqtiuros. afeTqebebis Sedegad mewyruli kerebis gaaqtiurebis magaliTi Suaxevis
raionis sofeli CanCxalocaa, sadac ramdenime wlis win gzis gayvanis mizniT war-
moebda afeTqebebi, ramac axali mewyruli kerebis warmoqmna da manamde arsebuli kere-
bis gaaqtiureba ganapiroba. igive SeiZleba iTqvas daba mestiazec, sadac analogiuri
mizeziT gaaqtiurebulma mewyerma erT-erTi ubani mTlianad daangria.
problemidan erTaderTi gamosavalia: saqarTvelos reliefis, hidrografiuli qselisa da
biomravalferovnebis specifikurobidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania is, rom zustad
moxdes im adgilebis identificireba, sadac SesaZlebelia qviSa-xreSis mopoveba gare-
mosaTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.
wiaRiseuli resursebis mopoveba
wiaRiseuli resursebis mopoveba umniSvnelovanesi safrTxis matarebelia, bunebrivi
katastrofebis gamowvevis TvalsazrisiT. erT-erTi mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc am-
Jamad wiaRiseuli resursebis mopovebis arsebuli praqtika winaaRmdegobaSi modis
mdgradi ganviTarebis moTxovnebTan, aris sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebaze licen-
ziebis gacemaSi garemos erovnuli saagentos umniSvnelo roli. bunebrivi resursebis
mopovebis licenziis gayidvamde, rasac dReisaTvis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis samin-
istro axorcielebs, centri valdebulia, Seafasos adgilze resursis mopovebasTan
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi20 |
anTropogenuri mizezebiT
gamowveuli bunebrivi katastrofebi| 21
dakavSirebuli yvela konkretuli SemTxveva, miiRos gadawyvetileba dagegmili saqmi-
anobis mizanSewonilobaze da SeimuSaos konkretuli moTxovnebi mewarmeebisaTvis,
rac resursis mdgrad mopovebas uzrunvelyofs. bolo wlebSi licenziebis gacemisas
TiTqmis sruliad iyo gamoricxuli resursis mopovebis Sedegad garemoze SesaZlo
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis winaswari Sefaseba da prognozireba. centris materialur-
teqnikuri baza da saqmianobisaTvis gamoyofili dro praqtikulad imas niSnavda, rom
licenziebi brmad gaicemoda. Sesabamisad, amgvari praqtika xSir SemTxvevaSi sxva miz-
ezebTan erTad momavali bunebrivi katastrofebis mizezic xdeboda da dResac xdeba.
dReisaTvis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministroebis mier muSavdeba bunebriv resursebze licenziis gacemis axali proce-
durebi, sadac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom moxdes garemos erovnuli
saagentos rolisa da funqciis swori gansazRvra.
aucilebelia garemos erovnuli saagentos materialur-teqnikuri bazis ganaxleba, velze
samuSaoebisaTvis saWiro Tanxis gamoyofa, agreTve, centrisaTvis sakmarisi drois
micema, rom moxdes sakiTxis sruli Seswavla da saTanado moTxovnebisa Tu rekomen-
daciebis SemuSaveba bunebrivi resursis mopovebis licenziiT dainteresebuli me-
warmisaTvis. es, erTi mxriv, Tavidan agvacilebs axali saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis
warmoqmnas da, meore mxriv, uzrunvelyofs mewarmis biznesis mdgradobasa da Semosav-
lianobas.
rogorc cnobilia, adamianis aramdgradi sameurneo saqmianoba xSir SemTxvevaSi iwvevs
bunebrivi katastrofebis ganviTarebas. swored amitom migvaCnia aucileblad im
saxelmwifo uwyebebis gaZliereba, rogorc struqturulad, ise sakanonmdeblo doneze,
romelTa uSualo movaleobaSi Sedis winaswari eqspertizis Catareba SesaZlo bunebrivi
kataklizmebis prognozirebisa da Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
sur. #14
dariSxanis warmoebis narCeni sofel canasTan, qvemo svaneTi.
kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli
(CENN)
Tavi IIIbunebasTan konfliqtis
safasuri:
saxelmwifosa da
mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali| 23
bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveuli zarali - socialuri, ekonomikuri, demografiuli
Tu sxva - Zalian didia. zaralis SefasebisaTvis Cven gadavwyviteT misi struqturi-
reba, Sesabamisad, zaralis raodenoba Sinaarsobrivad or ZiriTad nawilad gavyaviT da
pirobiTad maT pirdapiri da arapirdapiri zarali vuwodeT.
1. pirdapiri zarali. pirdapir zaralSi vgulisxmobT bunebrivi katastrofebiT
gamowveul aunazRaurebel zarals, anu adamianTa msxverpls, agreTve xelisufleb-
is mxridan gamoyofil finansur daxmarebas ekomigrantebis gadasaxlebisTvis
maTTvis sacxovrebeli saxlebis SesaZenad, gzebisa da sxva saxis komuni-
kaciebis aRsadgenad.
2. arapirdapiri zarali. arapirdapir zaralSi vgulisxmobT ekomigrantebis Casa-
xlebis adgilebSi gamowveul socialur-ekonomikur, iuridiuli da, zog
SemTxvevaSi, politikuri xasiaTis problemebs.
pirdapiri zarali
saqarTvelos mTavroba sxvadasxva meTodiT cdilobda da cdilobs bunebrivi katastro-
febis Sedegad warmoqmnili problemebis mogvarebas. kerZod, prezidentis sarezervo
fondidan, mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan da saqarTvelos biujetidan ramdenjerme
gamoiyo fuladi saxsrebi ekomigrantebisaTvis saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi sax-
lebis SesaZenad. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom aseTi finansuri daxmarebebi, ZiriTadad,
spontanur xasiaTs atarebda.
saqarTvelos prezidentis sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxis statistika Semde-
gnairia: 1997 wels prezidentis gankargulebiT 3 mln. aSS dolari (1997 wlis saSualo
wliuri kursiT - 1 aSS dolari 1.3 lari), 3,9 mln. lari gamoiyo ekomigrantebisaTvis
walkis raionSi mitovebuli saxlebis Sesasyidad16. am Tanxidan mxolod mcire nawili
daixarja daniSnulebisamebr. 2002 wels saprezidento fondidan gamoiyo 160 000
lari 22 saxlis SesaZenad sofel spasovkaSi (ninowmindis raioni), Tumca 22 saxlis
nacvlad mxolod 11 iqna SeZenili. 1997-2007 wlebSi prezidentis sarezervo fondi-
dan, Cven mier mopovebuli monacemebiT, 8 170 050 laris odenobis Tanxa gamoiyo
bunebrivi katastrofebisgan dazaralebuli mosaxleobis dasaxmareblad (ix. cxrili #1.
saqarTvelos prezidentis 1997 wlis gankarguleba).
16. Jonathan Wheatley: Defusing Conflict of Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State (ECMI Working Paper No.36, December 2006), p. 9.
wyaro: saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciis werili #18/331 15.01.2008, finansTa
saministros werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-
sadmi (CENN) #04-02/889 06.02.2008
1998 wels gamovida prezidentis pirveli gankarguleba ekomigrantebisaTvis iuridi-
uli da socialuri problemebis mogvarebis Sesaxeb, romlis safuZvelzedac Camoyalibda
ekomigraciis procesis monitoringis sistema. am procesis monitoringis Sedegad
dadginda, rom 1987 wlidan 4 284 ojaxs unda mieRo sacxovrebeli saxli. realurad ki
im droisTvis mxolod 2 880 ojaxi iyo gadasaxlebuli da aSenebuli - 3 090 saxli.
weli gankargulebis nomeri da TariRi Tanxa larebSi
1999 #837, 7 ivlisi 80,000
2001 #174, 1 marti 19,400
2001 #688, 4 ivlisi 1,650
2002 #449, 22 aprili 200,000
2002 #179, 19 Tebervali 1,000,000
2002 #1217, 24 seqtemberi 40,000
2002 #1550, 16 dekemberi 1,500,000
2002 #1611, 27 dekemberi 50,000
2003 #272 13 marti 228,000
2003 #1091, 4 aprili 30,000
2004 #838, 17 aprili 9,000
2004 #908, 18 oqtomberi 798,000
2005 #539, 6 ivlisi 4,000
2007 #320, 21 ivnisi 150,000
sul 4,110,050
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali24 |
cxrili #1 bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis asanazRaureblad saqarTvelos prezidentis
sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxa:
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali| 25
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebidan
2004 wlamde ekomigrantebisaTvis saxelmwifos daxmarebas, SeiZleba iTqvas, usistemo
da araefeqturi xasiaTi hqonda17.
17. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p19.
weli gankargulebis nomeri da TariRi Tanxa larebSi
2005 #77, 26 marti 36,000
2005 #122, 14 aprili 15,000
2005 #129, 17 aprili 30,000
2005 #190, 20 maisi 1,200.000
2005 #191, 20 maisi 138,000
2005 #239, 10 ivnisi 59,000
2005 #240, 10 ivnisi 5,000
2005 #260, 23 ivnisi 5,000
2005 #261, 23 ivnisi 500,000
2005 #264, 23 ivnisi 910,000
2005 #329, 4 agvisto 475,000
2005 #530, 3 dekemberi 10,000
2006 #15, 18 ianvari 1,550
2006 #322, 28 ivlisi 78,000
sul 3,462.550
cxrili #2 bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad gamowveuli zaralis asanazRaureblad saqarTvelos mTavrobis
sarezervo fondidan gamoyofili Tanxa:
2004 wels ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis ministrma mTavrobis brZanebis safuZvelze
Seqmna ekomigraciis procesis regulaciis komisia walkis, axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis
raionebSi. am komisiis mTavari mizani iyo ekomigraciis procesis kanonier CarCoeb-
Si moqceva da misi SezRudva aRniSnul raionebSi. amgvari komisiis Seqmnis saWiroeba
dRis wesrigSi dadga mas Semdeg, rac moxda dapirispireba eTnikur niadagze Camosax-
lebul da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris (ramdenime aseT konfliqts adamianTa msxver-
plic mohyva). magram es komisia araefeqturi aRmoCnda.
2004 welsve saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeimuSava axali programa ekomigrantebis dasax-
mareblad, maTTvis saxlebis SesaZenad. programis ganxorcielebis pirvel wels SeZenil
iqna 160 saxli walkis raionSi, 10 - TeTriwyaros raionSi, 2005 wels SeZenil iqna 53
saxli TeTriwyaros raionSi, 124 - walkis raionSi, 2 - bolnisis raionSi da 1 - gard-
abnis raionSi18.
2006 wlis martSi ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministrom axali programa daiwyo bune-
brivi katastrofebiT dazaralebuli ojaxebis oficialuri sainformacio bazis Sesaqm-
nelad. saministrom Seqmna Sefasebis specialuri sistema dazaralebis xarisxis Sesafa-
seblad, romlis mixedviTac moxdeboda mosaxleobis gadasaxleba. dazaralebis xarisxis
Sefasebis sistemaSi 4 kategoria gamoyves:
• kategoria #1 - katastrofis Sedegad dangreuli sacxovrebeli saxli
• kategoria #2 - katastrofis Sedegad dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxli, romelic
sacxovreblad uvargisia da aRdgenac SeuZlebelia
• kategoria #3 - katastrofis Sedegad dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxli, romlis
aRdgenac SesaZlebelia
• kategoria #4 - sacxovrebeli saxli, romelic katastrofis Sedegad ar dazianebula,
magram mis garSemo arsebuli miwa dazianda da uvargisia gamosayeneblad
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros monacemebiT, saqarTvelos masStabiT
katastrofebiT dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebi, am 4 kategoriis mixedviT, Semdeg-
nairad gadanawilda:
18. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p19
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali26 |
regionebi kat. 1 kat. 2 kat. 3 kat. 4 sul
samcxe-javaxeTi 678 52 1,226 8 1,964
mcxeTa-mTianeTi 85 84 467 132 777
guria 308 359 995 895 2,557
imereTi 1,203 2,629 8,506 666 13,004
samegrelo-
zemo svaneTi 305 739 1,341 678 3,063
raWa-leCxumi 316 544 999 922 2,781
kaxeTi 123 59 557 160 899
Sida qarTli 798 614 1,279 67 2,758
qvemo qarTli 32 11 236 0 279
aWara 189 469 558 2,052 3,063
sul 4,037 5,560 16,164 5,580 31,341
wyaro: saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros werili kavkasiis garemos-
dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) 14.12.2007 #01/01-17/7924.
2006 wels ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros monacemebiT, 210 sacxovrebeli
saxli Tavisi sakarmidamo miwis nakveTiT iqna SeZenili, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba
1 216 271,65 lari iyo. 2007 wels igive maCvenebeli, Sesabamisad, iyo 187 saxli - 999
940,21 lari19 (ix. cxrili #4).
19. saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros 10.01.2008 #01/01-17/39 werili kavkasiis gare-mosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN).
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali| 27
cxrili #3 bunebrivi katastrofebiT dazianebuli sacxovrebeli saxlebi, Sefasebuli dazianebis kategoriebis
mixedviT (saqarTvelos masStabiT)
weli Tanxa larebSi
2006 1,216,271.65
2007 999,940.21
sul 2,216,211.86
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros mier saxlebis
SeZenaze daxarjuli Tanxa 2006-2007 wlebSicxrili #4
garda imisa, rom bunebrivi katastrofebi mniSvnelovan zians ayeneben mosaxleobas
da saxelmwifos uxdeba dazaralebuli mosaxleobisTvis damatebiTi finansuri daxmare-
bis gaReba, stiqias mwyobridan gamohyavs komunikaciis saSualebebi, rogoricaa: saav-
tomobilo gzebi, maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi xazebi, navTob da gazsadenebi.
saqarTvelos saavtomobilo departamentis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, 2005-2007 wlebSi
bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitaciaze
mTlianad daxarjulia 12 699 600 lari (ix. cxrili # 5).
weli Tanxa larebSi
2004 wlis stiqiis salikvidacio Tanxa, daxarjuli 2005 wels 8,771,000
2005 wlis stiqiis salikvidacio Tanxa, daxarjuli 2006 wels 2,759,100
sul 12,699,600
bunebrivi stiqiiT dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis
reabilitaciisaTvis daxarjuli Tanxacxrili #5
2006 wlis stiqiis salikvidacio Tanxa, daxarjuli 2007 wels 1,169,500
wyaro: saqarTvelos saavtomobilo gzebis departamentis werili kavkasiis garemos-
dacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #05-06/5454, 24.12.2007
unda aRiniSnos, rom geologiuri stiqiis Sedegad dazianebuli saavtomobilo gzebis
mniSvnelovani raodenoba modis qveynis mTagorian raionebze. dazianebuli komunika-
ciebi ZiriTadad Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebia.
saqarTvelos energetikis saministros monacemebiT, 2001 - 2007 wlebSi bunebrivi
stiqiis Sedegad dazianebuli eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis aRsadgenad 3 550 000 laramde
daixarja20.1.
bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier bunebrivi katastrofebis
Sedegebis salikvidaciod gaRebuli Tanxis raodenoba warmodgenilia cxrilSi #6.
20. saqarTvelos energetikis saministros werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacie-bis qselisadmi (CENN) #05/290, 26.02.2008.
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali28 |
uwyeba Tanxa larebSi
prezidentis sarezervo fondi 4,009,000
mTavrobis sarezervo fondi 3,462,550
sul 25,937,361
bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier bunebrivi
katastrofebis Sedegebis salikvidaciod gaRebuli Tanxis raodenobacxrili #6
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministro 2,216,211
saavtomobilo gzebis departamenti 12,699,600
energetikis saministro 3,550,000
rogorc vxedavT, bunebrivi katastrofebis salikvidaciod bolo xuTi wlis ganmavloba-
Si saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier daxarjuli Tanxa, arasruli gaangariSebiT, TiTqmis
26 mln. lars Seadgens. gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve is garemoeba, rom xSir SemTx-
vevaSi gamoyofili Tanxis sididis miuxedavad, srulad ar xdeba miyenebuli zaralis
anazRaureba, anu es Tanxa zaralis mxolod garkveul nawilze gvaZlevs warmodgenas.
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom zemoT moyvanili statistika mxolod pirdapiri zaralis ekviva-
lenturi maCvenebelia, realuri zarali ki, arapirdapiri zaralis gaTvaliswinebiT, gac-
ilebiT didia. xSir SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifos danaxarji mis salikvidaciod gacilebiT
metia. gacilebiT didi arapirdapiri zaralis ricxobriv maCvenebelSi gamoxatva sak-
maod rTulia, amis gamo misi Sefaseba xSirad yuradRebis miRma rCeba.
saintereso suraTs iZleva agreTve bunebrivi katastrofebis salikvidaciod konkretu-
li raionebis mixedviT daxarjuli Tanxis analizi. qvemoT vaCvenebT Cven mier sakv-
lev obieqtebad SerCeuli raionebisaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebul
zarals da viZleviT realurad gaweuli daxmarebis SedarebiT analizs.
mestiis raionisaTvis bunebrivi katastrofebiT miyenebuli finansuri zarali Sead-
gens 4 mln. lars. saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier stiqiuri movlenebis Sedegebis salikvi-
dacio RonisZiebebis Casatareblad mestiis municipalitetisTvis 2004 wels gamoyo-
fil iqna 600 000 lari. 2005 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankargulebis safuZvelze
raionSi mcxovreb 94 ojaxs gaewia finansuri daxmareba, sul 470 000 laris odeno-
biT21. realuri zarali Seadgens 4 mln. lars, salikvidaciod gamoyofilia 1 070 000
lari. sxvaoba 2 930 000 lars Seadgens, anu am Tanxis ekvivalenturi zarali aunazRau-
rebelia.
2007 wels stiqiuri movlenebiT gamowveulma finansurma zaralma walenjixis raionSi
Seadgina 413 920 lari. 2007 wels dazaralebul ojaxebs adgilobrivi biujetidan 18 300
laris odenobis finansuri daxmareba gaewiaT22. am SemTxvevaSi realuri zarali Sead-
gens 413 920 lars, gamoyofilia 18 300 lari, sxvaoba - 395 620 lari.
21. mestiis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN), #11, 8.02.2008.22. walenjixis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qseli-sadmi (CENN), #87, 06.02.2008.
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali| 29
1999-2007 wlebisTvis Suaxevis raionis teritoriaze bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad
miyenebuli zarali 10-15 mln. lars Seadgens. adgilobrivi biujetis sarezervo fondi-
dan mosaxleobisaTvis yovelwliurad dasaxmareblad gamoiyofa 20-25 aTasi lari. 2007
wels dazaralebuli ojaxebisaTvis adgilobrivi biujetidan 25 000 lari gamoiyo. 2007
wels aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
saministros mier stiqiiT dazaralebul 19 ojaxs gaewia erTjeradi finansuri dax-
mareba 95 000 laris odenobiT. saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministrom
stiqiiT dazaralebul 10 ojaxs gadasca 10 000 laris odenobis finansuri daxmareba23.
am SemTxvevaSi 8 wlis manZilze zarali 10-15 mln. lars Seadgens, zaralis asanazRau-
reblad mTlianobaSi amave periodSi gamoyofil iqna daaxloebiT 330 000 lari. saWiro
iyo, sul cota, 10-14 mln. lari. 1
1999-2007 wlebSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad adgilobrivma mosaxleobam, qedis
gamgeobis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, ganicada 3 130 024 laris finansuri zarali. 2007
wels adgilobrivma gamgeobam 5 ojaxs gauwia erTjeradi finansuri daxmareba, 5 000
laris odenobiT - TiToeuls24. am SemTxvevaSi zarali 3 130 024 lars Seadgens, ofi-
cialurad gaweuli daxmareba ki 25 000 laria.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier xulos raionis mosaxleobisaTvis bunebrivi stiqiis
Sedegad miyenebuli zaralis odenoba cnobili ar aris, magram cnobilia dazaralebuli
ojaxebis raodenoba, rac 1 173 komls Seadgens. saxelmwifos mier finansuri dax-
mareba gaewia 49 komls, daxmarebis saerTo raodenobam Seadgina 2 910 024 lari25.
zemoT moyvanil statistikaze Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac naTlad Cans, rom realuri
zarali gacilebiT didia, vidre saxelmwifos mier gaweuli finansuri danaxarji. mx-
olod Cven mier aRweril 4 raionSi es sxvaoba 20 mln. laris farglebSi meryeobs.
Tu am 4 raionis statistikas ganvazogadebT mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, advili
warmosadgenia bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad miyenebuli mxolod pirdapiri zaralis
realuri sidide.
23. Suaxevis municipalitetis gamgeobis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizacie-bis qselisadmi (CENN) #21/56, 07.02.2008.24. qedis municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #156, 18.02.2008.25. xulos municipalitetis werili kavkasiis garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis qselisadmi (CENN) #10/42, 15.02.2008.
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali30 |
arapirdapiri zarali
garda imisa, rom mosaxleoba da mTlianad saxelmwifo ganicdis pirdapir zarals, bune-
briv katastrofebs axasiaTebs e.w. arapirdapiri zaralic. arapirdapir zaralSi vgulisx-
mobT ekomigrantebis Casaxlebis adgilebSi adaptaciiTa da integrirebiT gamowveul
socialuri, iuridiuli da rig SemTvevebSi politikuri xasiaTis problemebs.
I) sacxovrebeli saxliT uzrunvelyofa. saxelmwifom ekomigrantebTan mimarTebaSi
aRebuli valdebulebebi mxolod nawilobriv Seasrula. zogierTi gadasaxlebuli
ojaxisaTvis sacxovrebeli saxli saerTod ar aRmoCnda nayidi, saxli an uvargisi
iyo sacxovreblad da sakuTari saxsrebiT unda daesrulebinaT, an TviTon
moeyvanaT wesrigSi. garda amisa, axlad aSenebuli saxlebi ekomigrantebs im piro-
biT gadasces, rom isini 25 wlis Semdeg gaxdebodnen maTi kanonieri mesakuTree-
bi. magram es piroba ignorirebul iqna im ojaxebis mier, romlebic ver Seeguen
adgilobriv garemos da aralegalurad gayides saxlebi. amis Sedegad (uZravi
qonebis kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba bundovani gaxda) kerZo sakuTrebis
uflebebi, piradi registracia gaxda qaosuri26. saxelmwifom agreTve ver SeZlo
axali soflebis infrastruqturiT, sasmeli da sarwyavi wyliT uzrunvelyofa
saWiro finansebis naklebobis gamo. 1
II) sasoflo-sameurneo miwiT uzrunvelyofa. daZabulobis ZiriTadi mizezi ekomi-
grantebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris aris sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis
gadanawileba, radganac miwa Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaroa adgilobrivi mosaxleo-
bisaTvis. 2005 wlis "saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis
privatizaciis" saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, savargulebis privatizacia
ganxorcielda pirdapiri miyidviT, specialuri da Ria auqcioniT. samcxe-javaxeTsa
da qvemo qarTlSi ekomigrantebis did nawils privatizaciis Sedegad sasoflo-
sameurneo miwebis mcire raodenoba Sexvda. es, ZiriTadad, gamowveuli iyo,
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, uZravi qonebis kanonieri mesakuTris saTuoobis gamo
kerZo sakuTrebis uflebis, piradi registraciisa da sxva iuridiuli formalobe-
bis qaosurobis, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis piradi interesebisa da sxva subieqturi
faqtorebis gamo. savargulebis araTanabari gadanawileba xSir SemTxvevaSi
gadaizarda eTnikur daZabulobaSi.
amrigad, Cven mier mopovebuli informaciiT, bunebrivi katastrofebiT saxelmwifos-
Tvis miyenebulma pirdapirma finansurma zaralma ukanasknel wlebSi daaxloebiT 30
mln. lari Seadgina. arapirdapiri zarali gacilebiT didia, rom araferi iTqvas adami-
anebisaTvis miyenebul moralur da fsiqologiur zianze.
26. Resettlement of Ecologically Displaced Persons Solution of a Problem or Creation of a New? Eco-Migration in Georgia 1981 – 2006 Tom Trier & Medea Turashvili ECMI Monograph #6 August 2007 p48.
saxelmwifosa da mosaxleobisaTvis
miyenebuli zarali| 31
Tavi IVsaSiSi bunebrivi
procesebis prevencia 2004
wlidan saxelmwifos
prioriteti aRar aris:
biujetis analizi
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros, iseve, rogorc mTeli qveynis,
biujeti 1999-2003 wlebSi Zalian mcire iyo da metwilad simbolur xasiaTs atarebda.
misi dinamika Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
1999 w. - 1 463 600 lari, 2000 w. - 491 400 lari, 2001 w. - 546 000, 2002 w. - 688 200,
2003 w. - 510 000. am periodSi saministros biujetidan gaRebuli Tanxis didi wili ad-
ministraciul xarjebze modioda, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom am (saxelmwifo biujeti-
dan gamoyofili) metad mwiri dafinansebidan saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitor-
ingis, prognozirebisa da prevenciisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxa
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosaTvis gamoyofil wliur biujets
utoldeboda da rig SemTxvevebSi aRemateboda kidec.
am wlebSi saxelmwifo biujetidan saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis, prog-
nozirebisa da prevenciisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxis Sesaxeb SeiZleba vimsjeloT im
struqturebis (garemos dacvis laboratoria, araxelsayrel hidrometeorologiur movle-
nebze aqtiuri zemoqmedebisa da radiolokaciuri uzrunvelyofis samsaxuri, bunebis
stiqiuri procesebisa da sainJinro geoekologiuri kvlevebis centri "stiqia", Savi
zRvis ekologiisa da Tevzis meurneobis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti, saqarTvelos
hidrometeorologiisa da garemos monitoringis samsaxuri) dafinansebis analizze
dayrdnobiT, romlebic saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 wlis 17 dekembris #1061 brZa-
nebulebiT reorganizebul iqnen da maT bazaze Seiqmna sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli
piri - monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri.
1999 wels hidrometeorologiis departamenti Sedioda garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
resursebis saministros SemadgenlobaSi da misi biujeti 652 575 lars Seadgenda, rac
saministros biujetis 1/3-ze meti iyo. 2000 wlidan hidrometeorologiis departamenti
gamovida saministros Semadgenlobidan da Camoyalibda, rogorc hidrometeorologiis
saxelmwifo departamenti, romelsac sakuTari biujeti hqonda. 2000 wlis am cvlilebis
Semdeg garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros biujeti 491 000 laramde
Semcirda. aRsaniSnavia agreTve bunebis stiqiuri procesebisa da sainJinro-geoekolo-
giuri kvlevebis centri "stiqia", romelic garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis
saministros SemadgenlobaSi 2005 wlis Semdeg Sevida, rogorc monitoringisa da
prognozirebis centris erT-erTi damfuZnebeli struqtura. 2005 wlamde centri "stiqia"
geologiis saxelmwifo departamentis struqturuli erTeuli iyo, romlis dafinansebac
weliwadSi daaxloebiT 300 000 lars Seadgenda.
garemos dacva
grafiki: 1 garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros
biujetis dinamika 1999-2007 ww.
biujetis analizi | 33
weli
1999 1,463,600 1,504,794
garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis
saministros biujeti (lari)
saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitorin-
gis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT
momuSave saministros struqturebis biuje-
ti, hidrometeorologiis departamentisa da
centr "stiqiis" biujetis CaTvliT (lari)
2000 491,400 438,928
2001 546,000 879,700
2002 688,200 758,484
2003 510,000 1,037,909
2004 wlis saministros biujeti Seadgenda 24 061 000, 2005 wels - 24 478 200, 2006
wels - 29 157 600, 2007 wels ki - 37 546 500 lars. dafinansebis mxriv prioritetuli
gaxdnen iseTi sferobi, rogoricaa: biomravalferovneba, daculi teritoriebi da sa-
tyeo meurneoba. am sferoebze gaweulma xarjebma Seadgina mTeli saministros biu-
jetis: biomravalferovneba da daculi teritoriebi - 31%, satyeo meurneoba - 30%
(2004w). Sesabamisad - 25% da 42%, (2005w), 27% da 34%, (2006w) 25% da 28%, (2007w).
2004 wlidan garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros biujeti mkveTrad
gaizarda da aRniSnul sferoSi Sida struqturasTan erTad dafinansebis prioritetebic
Seicvala.
weli
2004 23,302,500 1,425,458
garemos dacvisa da
bunebrivi resursebis
saministros biujeti (lari)
saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitorin-
gis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT
momuSave saministros struqturebis biuje-
ti, hidrometeorologiis departamentisa da
centr "stiqiis" biujetis CaTvliT (lari)
2005 24,478,300 2,374,031
2006 29,157,600 2,309,300
2007 41,381,100 1,535,000
2008 38,718,500 2,235,000
34 | biujetis analizi
cxrili #7 garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,
prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT momuSave saministros struqturebis biujetebi (1999-2003)
cxrili #8 garemos dacvis da bunebrivi resursebis saministrosa da saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,
prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT momuSave saministros struqturebis biujetebi (2004-2008)
sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri
2006 wels Seiqmna, 2008 wlis seqtemberSi aRniSnuli centrisa da sivr-
culi informaciis centris gaerTianebis Semdeg Seiqmna garemos erovnuli
saagento. saagentos ZiriTadi funqciaa sxvadasxva mizeziT gamowveuli
saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis prognozireba, maTze monitoringis war-
moeba da prevenciuli zomebis SemuSaveba. centrSi gaerTianda yvela is
saxelmwifo struqturuli erTeuli, romlebic am sakiTxebze muSaobdnen.
miuxedavad imisa, rom biujeti 2004 wlidan, saSiSi bunebrivi proces-
ebis monitoringis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT, daaxloebiT
500 000 lariT gaizarda, es mimarTuleba aRar warmoadgenda prioritets
saxelmwifosaTvis. saministros biujetidan am mimarTulebiT gamoyo-
fili Tanxa mTeli saministros biujetis 6-8%-s Seadgenda. 2006 wels
gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad dafinansebis gareSe darCa saqarTvelos
meteorologiuri sadgurebisa da hirdologiuri saguSagoebis regionaluri
qseli, romelic manamde 50 meteorologiuri sadgurisa da 60 hidrologiuri
saguSagosagan Sedgeboda. reformis Semdeg meteorologiuri sadgurebis
raodenoba 13-mde, xolo hidrologiuri saguSagoebisa 22-mde Semcirda. da-
narCeni sadgurebi fizikurad ganadgurda. xolo romelic SemorCa, sakmaod
mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda da faqtobrivad, ufunqciod darCa. swored
regionaluri sadgurebidan miRebuli informaciiT, 2005 wlis aprilSi
Tbilisi da mdinare mtkvris auzi, TiTqmis azerbaijanis sazRvramde,
gadaurCa did wyaldidobas: drouli gafrTxilebis Semdeg moxda Jinvalis
wyalsacavis wylisgan dacla da SesaZlebeli gaxda Warbi naleqebis wyalsa-
cavSi dagroveba.
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos hidrometeorologiuri qseli
TiTqmis mTlianad moSlilia da prognozireba mxolod ucxouri wyaroe-
bidan miRebuli informaciis saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli. 2008 wlamde
informaciis umetesi nawili moskovis hidrometeorologiuri centridan
modioda, 2008 wlidan daiwyo muSaoba im mimarTulebiT, rom saagentom
monacemebi sxva romelime evropuli centridan miiRos. imis saCveneblad,
Tu rogor SeiZleba muSaobdnen Sesabamisi samsaxurebi patara qveynebSi,
magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT slovakeTs, romelic saqarTvelos farTobis
2/3 Seadgens da hidrologiuri resursebiT bevrad mwiria. dReisaTvis slo-
vakeTSi gamarTulad momuSave 300-mde sadguri da saguSagoa.
mZime mdgomareobaSia saSiSi geologiuri procesebis monitoringis sam-
saxuri, yofili centri "stiqia". 2003 wlamde centrSi 230 TanamSromeli
muSaobda, dReisaTvis maTi ricxvi 21-mde Semcirda. 2004 wlis Semdeg ar
Catarebula garemos regionaluri monitoringi, romelic qveyanaSi arsebuli
50 000 eroziuli procesis, aqedan - 10 000-mde aqtiuri mewyris, Sesaxeb
informaciis mogrovebisa da gadamowmebis erTaderTi saSualebaa. dRevan-
deli mdgomareobiT, aseTi saxis Seswavla mxolod urbanuli teritoriebis
garSemo xdeba, isic im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs werilobiTi gancxa-
deba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobidan. miuxedavad aseTi mdgomareobisa,
centris TanamSromlebma drouli reagirebis safuZvelze SeZles, Tavidan
aecilebinaT raWaSi sofel genduSisaTvis didi mewyeri, romelic 250 sax-
lis dangrevasa da mTeli soflis mosaxleobis gadasaxlebas gamoiwvevda.
biujetis analizi | 35
dReisaTvis centri muSaobs sofel suramis mewyruli ubnis prevenciuli zomebis Sesa-
muSaveblad. aqtiuri mewyris ubanSi 200-mde saxli mdebareobs, romlebic yoveldRiuri
safrTxis qveS arian. imis gamo, rom centrs aRar gaaCnia arc erTi saburRi agregati,
specialistebi ver floben srulyofil suraTs mewyruli procesis Sesaxeb, rac mniS-
vnelovnad arTulebs zusti gadawyvetilebebis miRebas.
90-iani wlebis dasawyisidan mTlianad SeCerda kvlevebi, romlebic saSiSi eroziuli
procesebis modelirebis saSualebas iZleoda, ganadgurda materialur-teqnikuri baza da
TanamSromlebi mxolod sakuTari gamocdilebis imedze darCnen. 20 welia, ar momxdara
fonuri informaciis ganaxleba da 2000 wlis Semdeg aRar arsebobs saSiSi geologiuri
procesebis grZelvadiani prognozi.
saxelwifo doneze deklarirebulia, rom qveyanam uaxloesi wlebis ganmavlobaSi unda
daZlios socialuri siduxWire da ganviTarebis axal etapze gadavides. am miznis mis-
aRwevad mniSvnelovania saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis mudmivi monitoringi da drouli
prevencia, rac saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis mosaxleobis ekonomikur winsvlas,
socialur da politikur usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs.
36 | biujetis analizi
Tavi Vrekomendaciebi
rogorc Cven mier warmodgenilma Sefasebam aCvena, saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitor-
ingis, prognozirebisa da prevenciis kuTxiT saqarTveloSi sakmaod mZime situaciaa Seqm-
nili. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifom ganviTarebis erT-erT mTavar miznad socialuri
problemebis daZleva da mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba daisaxa, saxelmwifo doneze ar
eZleva prioriteti im komponentebs, romlebic am miznis miRwevas Seuwyoben xels.
Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo, maqsimaluri informacia migvewodebina dReisaTvis arsebul
situaciaze saqarTveloSi bunebrivi katastrofebis marTvis sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli
mkiTxvelisaTvis. naTeli suraTis misaRebad SevecadeT, gveCvenebina 1999 wlidan 2007
wlamde am mimarTulebiT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli saqmianobebisa da gamoyofi-
li Tanxis dinamika. mimovixileT im problemebis didi nawili, romlebic saSiSi bunebrivi
procesebis ganviTarebas uwyoben xels. aRvwereT am mimarTulebiT momuSave saxelmwifo
organizaciebis struqtura da muSaobis specifika, maT winaSe arsebuli problemebi da
saWiroebebi.
mocemul TavSi mokled CamovayalibeT rekomendaciebi, romlebic efuZneba am mi-
marTulebiT saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul saerTaSoriso kvlevebs, konsultaciebs moni-
toringisa da prognozirebis centris TanamSromlebTan, saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv
damoukidebel eqspertebTan, Cvens sapilote regionebSi (samegrelo - zemo svaneTi da
zemo aWara) moZiebuli informaciis analizs.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani problema, romelic saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis monitoringis,
prognozirebisa da prevenciis saqmianobebis arasrulyofilad ganxorcielebas iwvevs, aris
iseTi kvlevebis nakleboba, romlebic am sakiTxis mTeli qveynis masStabiT srulfasovan
Seswavlas uzrunvelyofs. rogorc Sefasebidanac Cans, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebiT praqtikulad ar Catarebula safuZvliani kvleva, romelic uz-
runvelyofda sakmaod moZvelebuli monacemebis ganaxlebas. aRniSnuli monacemebi safuZv-
lad udevs saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis grZel, moklevadian da operatiul prognozebs.
mZime mdgomareobaSia garemos erovnuli saagentos materialur-teqnikuri baza. SezRuduli
dafinansebis Sedegad praqtikulad ganadgurda meteorologiuri da hidrologiuri sadgure-
bisa da saguSagoebis qseli, romlis gareSec drouli da zusti meteorologiuri prognoze-
bis gakeTeba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. dReisaTvis 250 aseTi sadguridan darCenilia mxolod
35, romlebmac faqtiurad funqcia dakarges da savalalo mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. ge-
ologiis samsaxurs ar gaaCnia arc erTi saburRi agregati, romelic geologiuri proces-
ebis, magaliTad, mewyrebis aqtiurobis Sesafaseblad erT-erTi mniSvnelovani teqnikuri
saSualebaa. garemos dabinZurebis monitoringis departamenti, romelic pasuxismgebelia
haerisa da wylis dabinZurebaze, srul teqnikur ganaxlebas saWiroebs, mis gankargulebaSi
arsebuli xelsawyoebi mTlianad moZvelebulia (Tu ar CavTvliT im xelsawyoebs, romlebic
ramdenime saerTaSoriso proeqtis mier iqna gadacemuli centrisaTvis) da ar Seesabameba
Tanamedrove standartebs.
mniSvnelovania axalgazrda kadrebis problemac. centris TanamSromlebi miiCneven, rom Tu
ar moxdeba axalgazrda specialistebis mozidva da CarTva centris saqmianobebSi, uaxloes
momavalSi SeiZleba gamocdili specialistebis didi deficiti Seiqmnas.
moZvelebulia garemos kvlevisa da Sefasebis meTodologia, romelsac centrSi iyeneben.
dReisaTvis saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis Seswavla da prognozireba, umetes SemTxvevaSi,
Zveli, sabWoTa kavSiris dros SemuSavebuli meTodebiT xdeba da ar pasuxobs msof-
lio standartebs. yvela specialisti aRniSnavs, rom mniSvnelovania iseTi Tanamedrove
38 | biujetis analizi
rekomendaciebi | 39
midgomebis danergva, romlebic pirvel etapze garkveul investiciebs moiTxovs, magram
Semdgomi saqmianobis dros mniSvnelovnad amcirebs xarjebs (magaliTisaTvis Segvi-
Zlia moviyvanoT saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis modelireba: dReisaTvis garemos erovnul
saagentoSi danergili meTodebiT sacdeli ubnebis mowyobasa da Semdeg maTze dakvirve-
bas 2-2.5 mln. lari sWirdeba. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT es Tanxa mniS-
vnelovnad mcirdeba, radgan modelireba SesaZlebelia moxdes eleqtronulad da amisaTvis
specialuri ubnebis mowyobis saWiroeba aRar arsebobs).
gansakuTrebuli sirTuleebia adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebsa da garemos erovnuli
saagentos, agreTve im saministroebis urTierTTanamSromlobis kuTxiT, romlebic pirda-
pir Tu arapirdapir dakavSirebulebi arian saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis sakiTxebTan
(magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia moviyvanoT aramdgradi soflis meurneoba, romelic bunebrivi
katastrofebis gamomwvevi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. dReisaTvis soflis meurneobis
saministro da monitoringisa da prognozirebis centri am mimarTulebiT praqtikulad ar
TanamSromloben).
dReisaTvis saxelmwifo politika mimarTulia ukve arsebuli problemebis likvidaciaze da
nakleb aqcents akeTebs prevenciaze. am mimarTulebiT 2004 wlidan dRemde monitoringisa
da prognozirebis centrma ramdenime proeqti ganaxorciela da sakmaod efeqturi Sedege-
bic miiRo (magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT qobuleTis napirgasamagrebel samuSaoebs, romelTa
Catarebis Semdegac 90 sacxovrebeli saxli da 2 sastumro dangrevas gadaurCa. aRniSnuli
proeqtis gansaxorcieleblad saxelmwifom 2.4 mln. lari daxarja, mosalodneli ekonomikuri
zarali ki, minimum, 4 mln. lari SeiZleba yofiliyo, rom araferi vTqvaT im probleme-
bze, romlebsac adgilobriv mcxovrebTa gadasaxleba gamoiwvevda). ganxorcielebuli saqmi-
anobebi cxadyofs, rom saxelmwifos SeuZlia am mimarTulebiT warmatebuli proeqtebis
ganxorcieleba da amiT garemos mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa.
qvemoT mogvyavs im RonisZiebaTa nusxa, romlebic, Cveni azriT, aucilebladaa gansaxor-
cielebeli am sferoSi. Cven mier warmodgenili rekomendaciebi eyrdnoba rogorc winamde-
bare, aseve saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi eqspertebis mier Catarebul kvlevebsa da Sefase-
bebs:
• bunebrivi katastrofebis prevenciisa da mitigaciis sistemis instituciuri gaZliereba:
rogorc winamdebare Sefaseba cxadyofs, gacilebiT iafia arsebuli resursebis mi-
marTva saSiSi bunebrivi procesebis prevenciisaken, vidre maTi mobilizeba ukve
damdgari uaryofiTi Sedegebis likvidaciisTvis. cxadia, meore komponenti mTlianad
verasodes gamoiricxeba, magram saubaria ZiriTadi, strategiuli aqcentis gadatanaze
likvidaciidan prevenciisken. Sesabamisad, rekomendebulia Semdegi RonisZiebebis
gatareba:
- garemos erovnuli saagentos SesaZleblobebis gazrda: mniSvnelovania garemos erovnuli saagentos SesaZleblobebis gazrda. erTi mxriv, aucilebelia saagentos
Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebiT aRWurva, rac saagentos saqmianobis efeq-
turobis umniSvnelovanesi wina pirobaa. amasTan, rogorc zemoT davinaxeT,
Tanamedrove teqnologiebi mniSvnelovani Tanxis dazogvis saSualebas
iZleva. meore mxriv, saagentos SesaZleblobebis zrdaSi vgulisxmobT kvalifici-
uri kadrebis momzadebis uzrunvelyofas. rogorc aRvniSneT, uaxloes momavalSi
SeiZleba gamocdili specialistebis naklebobis sakmaod didi problema Seiqmnas.
www.cenn.org
Sefaseba momzadda CENN-is mier "Ria garemosdacviTi samoqalaqo iniciativa mdgradi
ganviTarebisaTvis" proeqtis farglebSi Adam Smith International-is da britanul-qarTuli
profesiuli qselis (UGPN) finansuri mxardaWeriT.
The assessment was prepared by CENN within the framework of the Project “Open Environmental Civic Initiative for Sustainable Development of Georgia” with the financial support of the Adam Smith International and UK-Georgia Professional Network (UGPN).