Download - Νερό - Κοινό αγαθό (Ινστιτούτο Πουλαντζάς)
-
1 | :
D. Hachfeld, Ph. Terhorst, O. Hoedeman, .
|
-
2
-
3 | :
D. Hachfeld, Ph. Terhorst, O. Hoedeman, .
| 2013
-
4 - . 14, 10553 ./: 210 3250058
email: [email protected]
: :
2013
: -
-:
:
:
, 2013
isbn: 978-960=9535-69-4
-
5
* Transnational Institute ( ). -. , 1974, ( , , , , , ) . (...). Progressive Public Water Management in Europe. In search of exemplary cases. , , - , .
: ;10
1
;
2
10 3
:
:
1
Eau de Paris 2
Gallery ( )
.6
1012
17
19
23
44
4950
53
6868
76
-
6 - . - - . - , . - - .
, , . , - . -, , - . - . , , , : - , , .
, -. : , , , -
-
7, . - : .
. , - . - . - -, - . , . ,
- ( , , ) ( , , ). , . - . - .
. , : , Transform!, . 9 (2011), . 114.
-
8 - , , -. . , , - - .
, . , , , , - . , - , -.
- , , - , - . , - , , - , . ; , , -, , ,
-
9 .
- . , . - -. . .
- - , - . - . , -.
. -
-
pi (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
- (6) M & (8)
(7)
(10)
(9)
10
;
10 David Hachfeld, Philipp Terhorst, Olivier Hoedeman
: ,
-
pi (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
- (6) M & (8)
(7)
(10)
(9)
11
-
12
1
1980, - . - , , , . , , - . , . , , - . , - - .
1.
, -
(R.P.W. Network) ,
7-8 2008.
.
(PSIRU) (EPSU),
Watertime Project. , -
.
. -
, . -
, ,
David Hachfeld ([email protected]) Olivier Hoedeman
-
13
, - . . - . , , - 1980 , . - , 46%. , - , .2 , ( Veolia Suez) , 16% - , .3
2. , . Emanuele Lobina and David Hall, UK Water privatisation a briefing. PSIRU
Report (2001, Retrieved 10.08.2008 from: http://www.psiru.org/reports/2001-02-W-UK-over.doc).
3. 1.113 , Eshien
Chong et al., Public-Private Partnerships and Prices: Evidence from Water Distribution in France, Review
of Industrial Organization 29, no. 1 (2006).
- - 46% ( ).
-
14
. .4 , , - - . - , . -, , , ,5 , Veolia Suez.
4. , dimap 13%
2008.
5. , . www.remunicipalisation.org.
[] - - , .
House of Commons Select Committee on the Environment Seventh Report 199-200: Water Prices and the Environment HC 597 14 November 2000, www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmenvaud/597/59702.htm para 225
-
15
- , , - . - , - . - , - -. , . .
: - ; - , - ; ; , - , , ;
, , , , - . , - . - , . ,
-
16
, - , - , , . - . - , . , - , . . - . . - , - .
, . , . , .
, - - , .
-
17
- , -, .6 , - .7 , - .8 , , , - , - . , , , . : , ( ) - ;
6. Elmar Altvater, What Happens When Public Goods are Privatized, Studies in Political Economy, no. 74 (2004).
7. Bettina Khler, Wasserwirtschaft im Kontext der Debatten um ffentliche Gter und
gesellschaftliche Wasserwirtschaft, in Wasser, Kommerzialisierung eines ffentlichen Gutes, ed.
Wasserkolloquium, Texte // Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, 41 (Berlin, Dietz, 2008).
8. Altvater, What Happens When Public Goods are Privatized.
1 1
-
18
, . - .
- . . , . . , . , - .
, . , , .
, - . , - - , . - . , , - . - , , , - .
-
19
- , - . - . . , .
. -, , . , -. , , .
. - - . , . ,
-
20
. , .
- . . . - - . , , .
- . - , , , - . -, - - .
. - . , . - , .
-
21
. . (IRBM) .
. . - , - . - , .
- - . . , . - .
, : ,
-
22
, , , . , , - .
. - .
-
23
10
- , . , - . .
1 2
-
24
9.
, . Emanuele Lobina, D21, Watertime case study Grenoble, France (2006, Retrieved
05.06.2007 from: http://www.watertime.net/docs/WP2/D21_Grenoble.doc).
1. ()
2001 - . - 12 , - (-) . , : 2,7 . , -, Suez, . , , 25 , . - -, , . Suez - .
2001 rgie autonomie financire et personnalit morale, .9
-
25
- - . .
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
, 1990-2004 ( , , - 120 )
1
: REG, 6th
March 2006
, - -. , - . , , - - (personnes qualifies) , . - ,
-
26
, - rgie municipale. : , - . , , -
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
, 1990-2004 ( )
2
: REG, 6th
March 2006
-
27
, . - , , , - .10 - , , , , .11
10. , . David Hachfeld, The Remunicipalisation
of Water Some Reflections on the Cases of Potsdam and Grenoble. -
The Public - Alternatives to Privatisation -
Attac, 1-6 2008, Saarbrcken (2008, Retrieved 02.09.2008 from: http://
www.who-owns-the-world.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/attac-summer-school-hachfeld.pdf),
Lobina, D21: Watertime case study - Grenoble, France (Retrieved).
11. . www.remunicipalisation.org.
-
28
2. ()
2005 -, . , . , - -: - , Vitens Evides. , Oasen Duinwaterbedrijf Zuid-Holland, - .
- . 2005 - Amstel, Gooi Vecht12 WATERNET, , . ,
12.
13 , ,
polder, . -
-
.
-
29
, , , - , . , - . , - .
WATERNET - . - - ( - ). - WATERNET . , WereldWaternet. , , -, . ( - WATERNET, ). : , .13
13. Reclaiming Public Water, Public Water for All - the Role of Public-Public Partnerships. A Reclaiming
Public Water discussion paper. March 2006. Published by the Transnational Institute and Corporate
Europe Observatory. Coord.: Olivier Hoedeman, Ed. ass.: Clare Joy (2006, Retrieved 02.09.2008 from:
http://www.tni.org/water-docs/pubwaterforall.pdf).
-
30
3. ()
, , 1,4 . - 1880 -. Mnchner Stadtentwsserung (Eigenbetrieb) , -. Stadtwerke Mnchen (SWM), , , , . , . 2001 2004, - , Stadtwerke . - , Stadtwerke.
. -
-
31
. 2004 (Wasserallianz Mnchen). , - , , Stadtwerke.
. . , - : - . - , , 1992 - . 100 .
: Isar - . 1998 - , , - .14
14. Klaus Lanz, D34: WaterTime case study - Munich, Germany (2005, Retrieved 12.08.2008 from:
http://www.watertime.net/docs/WP2/D34_Munich.doc).
-
32
4. ()
(magistratischer Betrieb) . 1,76 - , , . . , - . - .
2001 -.15 . - 2/3 .
15. . http://www.wien.gv.at/wienwasser/versorgung/charta.html
-
33
. , . , -, , . - , . , -- .
-
34
5. ()
, , , . , Osman zgven, (SHP), : , - , . . . - - 50% . , - . - , . - - .
-
35
6. - ()
Emschergenossenchaft Lippeverband - --. . , , - . - ( , - ) Emscher Lippe . - , - : .
. - , , , - . -- , . Lippe
-
36
Emscher - Ruhrgebiet, . - , - - . - . , , . 90 Emscher Wassertechnik Lippe Wassertechnik , - , .16
16. : www.portal-eglv.de.
-
37
7. ()
17. Wilfried Schnbck et al., Internationaler Vergleich der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Informationen
zur Umweltpolitik, 153 (Wien: Kammer fr Arbeiter und Angestellte, 2003).
. - . 5.000 .17 , , 10% 1.500 -.
Wassergenossenschaft Gramastetten. 1947 - 2.000 . 1.820 . 2008 569 . - . , . - .
-
38
. - , , , . Wassergenossenschaft Gramastetten - - . . 569 , , 100 . , , , - . , .18
18. Wassergenossenschaft: http://
wassergenossenschaft.sein.at.
-
39
8. ()
19. Kommunal, A model for the future. The example of VA SYD two towns cooperating on the
vital resource of water, (2008), Mats Lannerstad, Country Report Sweden, in Aqualibrium.
European water management between regulation and competition, ed. Shahrooz Mohajeri, et al.
(Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003).
1994, , - , , . , -, - . - . -. , Anglian Water, , - , .19
- . - , -
-
40
. , - - . - -, .20
2008 M - . VA SYD, . VA SYD - . , , , . . - Kommunal , - , .21
20. Jan-Erik Gustafsson, Public Water Utilities and Privatisation in Sweden. Working Paper presented
at EPSU Public Service Conference, Brussels 12 December 2001 (2001, Retrieved 02.09.2008 from:
http://www.psiru.org/epsuconference/Jan-ErikPresentationPaper.doc), Reclaiming Public Water,
Public Water for All - the Role of Public-Public Partnerships. A Reclaiming Public Water discussion
paper. March 2006. Published by the Transnational Institute and Corporate Europe Observatory.
Coord.: Olivier Hoedeman, Ed. ass.: Clare Joy (Retrieved).
21. Kommunal, A model for the future. The example of VA SYD two towns cooperating on the vital
resource of water.
-
41
9. ()
315.000 . 1969 - EMACSA. . EMACSA . - , , . - . 1995. - EMACSA.
. 1979 - . - . ,
-
42
. - ( , 13% ). EMACSA, - . -, - - . 2008 Fecua .22
22. , . Observatorio de los Servicios
Publicos, Cordoba. Watertime Case Study (2005, Retrieved 04.09.2008 : http://www.watertime.
net/docs/WP2/D17_Cordoba.doc), Enrique Ortega de Miguel and Andrs Sanz Mulas, Water
Management in Crdoba (Spain): A Participative, Efficient and Effective Public Model (2005, Retrieved
04.09.2008 from: http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/archives/books/waterspain.pdf).
-
43
10. ()
2003 (Consorcio Provincial de Aguas de Sevilla), - 92 104 , 1,7 . 8 , , - . , , , . - , - . - . - , - , , - .
-, . , - - , . , , . 170.000 1975.
-
44
:
- - , - . , , .
- . . - , . - , . - . , , - - . , - , .
13
-
45
. - , . - . - - . - , . , -: 5% . , - . , .
, - - - , .
-
46
. , , . . -, 2011 , - , - 2006, . 2007 ACME, - ,23 .
- - - , - 5% - .
23. ACME .
ACME , . http://www.acme-suisse.ch/.
-
47
, . , . - .
- . , , . , . - . - , . , - . ( ) ( - -, ). , . . Emschergenossenschaft Lippegenossenschaft - ,
-
48
, -. - , - , . , . . - .
- . , , .
-
49
:
-
50
, , . , - , - .1 , , , , , , , - , , , ( ) .2
- , , - .3 , , - , , .
1. .
2. , . .. Services of General Interest, European Social
and Economic Committee, http://www.eesc.europa.eu
3. : http://www.
right2water.eu/, , , (-
2). :
Greenwich (PSIRU) -
(EPSU), 83 Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics CIRIEC,
The future of Public Enterprises: Contribution to a new discourse. :
http://services-publics-europe.eu/, -
-
http://www.eesc.europa.eu/?i=portal.en.energy-and-transport
-
51
- , , :
(.. ;)4
(, - , - )5
, - .
, 1 . Transnational Institute (TNI)6 (Progressive
4.
.
-
,
, -
, -
, , -
(.. ),
(public hotspots)
.
5. -
(Climate
Justice). .: . Laurent, Pour une justice climatique europenne: le cas de la prcarit nergtique,
Revue de lOFCE, 2012/1, No 120.
6. D. McDonald, Remunicipalisation works, in Pigeon .. (.), Putting Water Back in Public Hands,
Transnational Institute and Corporate Europe Observatory, Amsterdam, 2012.
-
52
Public Water Management) . , - - .7
7. : )
, ) , ) -
, )
, ) , ) -
, ) -
, ) , )
) .
-
53
Eau de Paris
8. : , -
Anne Le Strat , 31.3.2013.
9. : : 30 , . -
, www.leftlab.gr/dl305.
Eau de Paris, 2010, - . - - , 8 - , - --
. , - 20 . 9 - , , - . (bien commun) Eau de Paris - - -
2 1
-
54
/ (general interest). -, / -, -, - , :10
- , ,
, , ,
, -.
- - , - - , - TNI .11
10. P. Bauby, Reconstruire laction publique Services publics, au service de qui?, Syros, Paris 1998.
11. . 5: -
. -
,
. -
, .
-
55
12. Pigeon M. (2011), Une eau publique pour Paris: symbolism and success in the heartland of private
water, in Pigeon and al (eds), Putting Water Back in Public Hands, published by the Transnational
Institute, Amsterdam, March 2012.
(1985-2013):
, , Suez Veolia. , - 2008 , Eau de Paris.
1984 . - RPR (Rassemblement pour la Rpublique) , - Lyonnaise des Eaux, Suez). (. 1), , , CEP ( Veolia) Eau et Force ( Lyonnaise des Eaux).
,
-. , 265%, 70% .12 , - . , - 90% 1991 1997,
-
56
100.000 51,5%. , 6-7%. 15%, - . , - . , . - . , (SAGEP) - .13
13. SAGEP PSIRU http://www.psiru.org/
companies/sagep.
-
57
( ), . - , -, , .
2001 . , , , . - ( ) 7% 4%. - 153 2009 .14 . . , . , - . , - ( , , - Veolia 1995 1997). , , , , , (1936, 1945 1981). -
14. Pigeon M. (2011), Une eau publique pour Paris: symbolism and success in the heartland of private
water, in Pigeon and al (eds), Putting Water Back in Public Hands, published by the Transnational
Institute, Amsterdam, March 2012.
-
58
( Suez Veolia), 19 Compagnie Gnrale des Eaux Lyonnaise des Eaux, , . 19 (, ), .15 (Suez, Veolia, SAUR) . , - . :
SAUR (38% )
Suez Environnement ( GDF-Suez, 36%)
Veolia (12,4%).
, - , , - - . 16 .
-, . , - , 2009. - - 2007 SAGEP. , - SAGEP .
15. Hall D., Lobina E. (2012), The birth, growth and decline of multinational water companies, PSIRU, May 2012.
16. . O . , -
25, leftlab.gr.
-
59
. - , - .
Eau de Paris
2008-2009, -. , 2008 SAGEP, - ( ). , 2008, - Eau de Paris ( 1 2010). , - , . - , , , , - (in house provision). , -, . , :
. , - -. ,
-
60
. -, . Eau de Paris - UNIDIS, -. 2011.
- 1.000 , - . 15 - . Eau de Paris - . . , - , . -, - .
, - ( ), -
-
61
. , , - , - .
Eau de Paris
Eau de Paris 1 2010 - .
, Eau de Paris - (contrat dobjectifs), - . performance contract - , . , , - . Eau de Paris - :17
(4 ).
(11 -).
(7 ).
(4 ).
(4 ).
(9 ).
17. Rapport dactivit 2011, Eau de Paris.
-
62
(2 ).
(7 ).
(6 -).
(2 ).
. - , -, , , (France Nature Environnement), (UFC-Que Choisir) . 2006 , , , --, . , , Eau de Paris (intranet) , - .
- . - , , . , Eau de Paris 35 - , 20%
-
63
. -, . , 2011 8% 1985 2014.
- (Suez, Veolia SAGEM). - , , . . - , ( - ). - Eau de Paris 70 .
Eau de Paris , 55 (CRECEP). Acqua Futura, , , - . - , ,
-
64
. - - . , , - . , ( - - ).
Eau de Paris - , , . , ( , .). , , . , Eau de Paris , - , (Pavillon de lEau) 100 - , .
-, - (public-public partnerships),
-
65
.18 , Eau de Pairs - 2,8 - 20 20 .19 Eau de Paris Aqua Publica Europea,20 (, -, , , , ). - - , - . . , 50% 2010 (- 500.000 2011). - ( ). , Eau de Paris 2011 80 5.400 . , 44.000 , 1/4 . , Eau de Paris ( , ..). -, 15.000 , 10-15%. - ( ). , , - 1.200, , .
18. Publicpublic partnerships in water by David Hall, Emanuele Lobina, Violeta Corral (PSIRU),
Olivier Hoedeman, Philip Terhorst, Martin Pigeon, Satoko Kishimoto (TNI).
19. Dossier de Presse du 22 Mars 2011, Eau de Paris.
20. www.aquapublica.eu
-
66
Eau de Paris - . , :
. , - lobbying .
.
25 -, .
, . , - , - , . - , , .
- . - , , . Eau de Paris () - , , .
-
67
-
68
21. Dugard J., Drage K. (2012), Shields and Swords: Legal Tools for Public Water, Municipal Services
Project.
2 2
- . Forum Italiano dei Movimenti per lAcqua ( ) 2006. . Galli 1994 -
, . 2009, - 23 133, . , Ronchi 70% 2012.21 , - , -, , ,
(, 2011)
-
69
, . - 1.400.000 , - 2009. , , 75 , .
-, , 12 13 2011, 57% - , . - : . 133/2008 . . 154 152/2006, . .
- (95,5%). - . - - . (EPSU) - () .22 , , . . . , - ( -
22. EPSU (2011), Italian Water Movement forces Monti to respect the results of the referendum.
-
70
).23 , - - .24 20 , - 345 - , - () . 345 , - -. , - ( ).25 2011 . 20 2012 -.26
23. Trichet e Draghi: unazione pressante per ristabilire la fiducia degli investitori, Corriere Della Sera,
29.9.2011.
24. Olli Rehn, Request for clarifications on the letter frm PM Silvio Berlusconi to the President of the
European Council and the President of the European Commission, 4/11/2011.
25. Letters exchanged between civil society organisations and the European Commission, http://
www.tni.org
26. In Italy, big victory for the movements, the Constitutional Court blocks the privatization of water
and local public services, http://www.right2water.eu
-
71
(, 2011)
-
2011. , -
, . Berliner Wassertisch ( ), 2007, - -
Berliner Wasserbetriebe, 1999.
,
(), - -. 49,9% Vivendi ( Veolia), RWE Acqua - Allianz. - - . , , - 15% 20% . - . , 2.000 ( 7.000 ), , - , - . -, Veolia RWE 1,3 10 .
-
72
62 (1) . - - , . 2009 . , . - , - , . , - . 280.000 , 100.000 , - (170.000). , - , , , . , , 2011, - 25% (665.713 ). 98,2% . - Berliner Wassertisch. -, . Veolia .27
27. http://berliner-wassertisch.net/, 16.5.2013.
-
73
2013 , - . , - -, . 87% . - 2028 (72% ) - (67% ). - 39% 98% . , - .28
28. Results of Viennas municipality referendum in 2013, wieninternational.at, 15.3.2013.
-
74
9 2012 - . 167.000 - - (Canal de Isabel II), . - 1,5 , - , - .29 - , - , (, ..).30 , , , (Aeopas).31
29. Aguirre: El Canal es una inversin segura porque todo el mundo consume agua, El Confidencial,
29.2.2012.
30. La privatizacin del agua moviliza a decenas de organizaciones socials, El Pais Andalucia, 20.5.2012
31. http://www.aeopas.org
-
75
(Agua e de todos), - 150 , . - , - . - 28 2013 , 40.000 , - .
-
76
GALLERY( )
-
77
-
78
-
79
-
80
-
81
-
82
-
83
-
84