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    title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95&action=edit)

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    title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95&action=edit).

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    , , . 24 , , . 1946-1946 1947-1949 McCloy , 1949-1963 1963-1968 McNamara 1968-1981 , Alden 1981-1986 ,

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    , Alden 1981-1986 , Conable 1986-1991 . 1991-1995 Wolfensohn 1995-2005

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    2005-2007 , , Zoellick 2007- , [ ]

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    Yifu Chenery (1972-1982) Osborn (1982-1986) (1988-1990) (1991-1993) (1993-1996) . Stiglitz (1997-2000) (2000-2003) Bourguignon (2003-2007) Yifu ( 2008) [ ]

    : () 187 , () 171 . [17] () ( ) . [18] [ ]

    2010 , , . (15.85%), (6.84%), (4.42%), (4.00%), (3.75%), (3.75%), (2.91%). ' - 2' , , , , , , , , , . , . , . [19] [20] , , . ", " , . , [21]. [ ]

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    1981 , , , [25] 1998 , , . . , , , , . [26] , " " , $ 550 .[27] . [28] [ ]

    , - , Stiglitz , , , [29] (" ") ,, [29] [30] : (1996), Caufield . Caufield "" . " " . , . . , [31]. . 186 , . , . [32] : . , , , . , , , , . "" alleviated . [33] 1990 , , , , downscaling. , , . [ ] () , . [34] , . [35] neoliberal , , [36] [37] . [38] , . ( "" ). 16% , [39] 85% [40] . [41] +, , [42] , [43] [44] Kayapo , [45] 2008 , 75% . ,

    . [46] [ ] [ ?] ", , " . . "translocal ,, , " . [47] . [48]" , , - marginalization ."[49] , rationales ( ) . , " " [50] . [ ] . 1979 [51]

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    [51] . , , . [52] [53] , , regressed . [54] , , . [55] 1980 , . , , . [56] 1999 , . [57] [58] . . [59] , ' usurped . [60] [ ] " " [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] waives [66] [62] " [ ] ." , . [62] [ ] (i) , (ii) , ( iii) , , . 1% , . [67] . , 2010 3.75 4 . . [68]

    ^ " ". . 2011/08/14 . ^ " " . 2008/10/14. 2008/11/09 . ^ " " . 2011/06/29. 2011/08/14. ^ " () ". . 2011. 20011-08-14 . ^ , (2005). : . . 52-54 . 9780300119749 ISBN. ^ , 56-60. ^ , (1992). : McCloy, . Schuster. 288, 290-291. 9780671454159 ISBN. ^ , 60-63. ^ , . 62. ^ Rotberg, . " ."Bretton : . . Bretton . , ..: Bretton , 1994 ^ Mosley, , Harrigan, Toye. : . : Routledge, 1991 ^ Toussaint, . ! . , 1998 ^ " ". . 2011/08/14 . ^ Cornia, Andrea. . 2 . : Clarendon , 1987-1988 ^, 93-97. ^ "". . 2009/03/25 . ^ "". . 2008/02/06 . ^ " ". . 2008/02/06. ^ " 2010 " (). Siteresources.worldbank.org. 2011/08/14 . ": : 2010 , 2010-0006/1, 25 , 2010 " ^ , RTHK, 26 2010 ^Stumm, ( 2011). " ". Inwent.org. 2011/08/12 . ^ , (2007/12/15). " overtakes ". . 2011/08/14 . ^ " ". . 2008/05/20. 2008/11/09 . ^ " ".Cleanairnet.org. 2010/05/31 . ^ " ". Devbusiness.com. 2011/08/14 . " " ^. Devbusiness.com. 2011/08/14 . ^ " ". Devbusiness.com. 2011/08/14 . ^ " UNDG".Undg.org. 2011/08/12 . ^ Stiglitz, , Discontents, . ^ MacClancy, (2002). : . . 0226500136 ISBN. ^ , KwaZulu , 2007 ^, Ngaire. Globalizers: , , . Ithica : , 2006, pp.190 ^ , . : . : , 2008, pp.31 32- ^ Stiglitz, . . : W.W. Norton , 2006, 17 ^ " , - ". (), BNET . 2000-09.2007/10/07 . ^ Uvin, . (2002) : . : , XVII pp1 11-. Medford : Tufts . Fletcher.tufts.edu ^ , (2004) : . : . ^ Ingham, (2007/10/09). " ". . ^ , (2002). " : ". 9 (2) : 215-243. doi: 10.1080/09692290110126092. ^ Monbiot, (2004) . : . ^, Diane , eds. (2006) : , . ^ , (2002/06/25). " - : ". . ^ " ". : . B01. 20 , 2007. 30 2008 . ^ , , - , 7 , 1999. 19, 2008 . ^ Clendenning, (Altamira, )(2008/05/21). " ". . ^ , (2008/07/03). " : ".. 2011/08/14 . ^ , . 156. ^ , . 179. ^ , Arturo (1995). : Unmaking. . . 13. 9780691001029 ISBN. ^ , . 179. ^ DeVries, Barend (1996). " ". Griesgraber , , Gunter, . : . . . 68. 9780745310497 ISBN. ^ DeVries, . 69. ^ DeVries, . 69. ^ DeVries, . 69. ^ DeVries, . 69. ^ DeVries, . 70. ^, Celine (2007). " : PRSPs". , diane, , . : .. . 147. 9780415412827 ISBN. ^ , . 152. ^ , . 152. ^ . : . , 1997 , 152: ^ " ". . 2009/10/24. ^ " " . IFI . 4 , 2004. ^ " ". . 2009/10/24 . ^ Hasson. " : Noriega, Pinochet Milosevic - ". 2009/10/23 . ^ " : ". 6 2004. ^ " ". . ^ Vedeld, Trond: ? (2010/02/23). "NIBR ". . 2011/08/14. ^ " ". !. 2010/04/09. 2011/08/14 . .

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