Download - 中華電信公司北區分公司 基隆營業處 數機二股
中華電信公司北區分公司基隆營業處 數機二股
有線傳輸概述
黃首勳
PDH 傳輸基本架構
光終端機
M13
M13
M13 M13
M13
M13
SDH
市話交換機
HDSL
FOM
MSDSL
交換機
HDSL
FOM
MSDSL
DXCE1-MUX
行動交換機 SDH
SDH
光終端機
局間光纜
同軸電纜
同軸電纜
對絞線
對絞線
T1 或E1
DS3 45 MHz
PDH 傳輸基本架構
光終端
機 光終端
機
DS3
跳 線 架
光配線箱
M13
M13
M13 M13
M13
M13
市話交換機
DS1 跳線架
HDSL
FOM
MSDSL
局間光纜
光配線箱
交換機
HDSL
FOM
MSDSL
DS1 跳線架
DXC
E1-MUX行動交換機
SDH
SDH
SDHDS3
45 MHz
T1 或E1
DS3
跳 線 架
各種傳輸設備介面 - 光終端機• 光終端機
– 用戶介面為 DS3– 傳輸介面為光信號
光終端機
光終端機
2 芯局間光纜
各種傳輸設備介面 -FOM
• FOM– 用戶介面為 T1/E1/DS3– 傳輸介面為光信號
FO
M
FO
M
2 芯用戶光纜
DS1跳線架
DSU Router
基地台
網咖
各種傳輸設備介面 -HDSL
• HDSL– 用戶介面為 DS1/E1– 傳輸介面為 HDSL
HD
SL-R
HD
SL-C
4 芯銅纜
DS1跳線架
DSU Router
基地台
網咖
或
各種傳輸設備介面 -MSDSL
• MSDSL– 用戶介面為 DS1/E1– 傳輸介面為 MSDSL
MS
DS
L-R
MS
DS
L-C
2 芯銅纜
DS1跳線架
DSU Router
基地台
網咖
或
光纖跳線• 光配線箱 :OLDF
• 背面為局間光纜 , 或用戶光纜 , 或 SDH, 不須更動 .
• 前面為光纖跳線 , 一芯 OUT , 一芯 IN,
• 接頭種類 :FC: 圓形 ,SC: 方形 ,LC: 小方形• 單模 : 黃色 • 多模 : 橘色• 防塵 : 使用保護套防塵 , 必要時以高壓除塵氣除塵 , 或光纖專用之清潔用具除塵
– 勿折彎,勿壓迫 , 勿拉扯
FC: 圓形
SC: 方形
LC: 小方形
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
STM - 16 2.488 Gbit/s
byte - multiplexing 4 byte - multiplexing
STM - 1155.52 Mbit/s
STM - 1155.52 Mbit/s
STM - 1155.52 Mbit/s
STM - 1155.52 Mbit/s
STM - 4 622.08 Mbit/s
STM - 4 622.08 Mbit/s
STM - 4 622.08 Mbit/s
STM - 4 622.08 Mbit/s
Bit Rates and Level Designations
Level
ETSISignal
Designation
STS-1STS-3STS-9STS-12STS-18STS-24STS-36STS-48
OC-1OC-3OC-9OC-12OC-18OC-24OC-36OC-48
BitRate
Mbit/s
51.840155.520466.560622.080933.120
1244.1601866.2402488.320
1
4
16
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
Level SignalDesignation
SONET
STS = Synchr.Transport SignalOC = Optical CarrierSTM = Synchr.Transport ModuleBit Rates in Mbit/s
SDH ETSI Multiplex Scheme
STM-N AUG
xN X1
X3
X1
X3
X1
X7
POINTER
POH/SOH
TUG-3
TUG-2
AU-4 C-4
C-3
C-12
C-11
TU-3
140 Mbit/s
34 Mbit/s45 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
1,5 Mbit/s
VC-4
VC-12
VC-11
VC-3
TU-2 VC-2
TU-12 VC-12
VC-12VC-11
STM-1 Frame Structure
STM 1 : 155 Mbit/sSTM 4 : 622 Mbit/sSTM 16 :
D12D11D10
A1 A2 C1
B1
D1
E1
D2
F1
D3
B2
D4
D7
Z1
K1
D5
D8
Z2 E2
D9
D6
K2
Pointer Area
270
9
Payload
RSOH
MSOH
2,5 Gbit/s
SDH Network Element• Line Regenerator (LR)
•Local Cross Connect (LXC)•Digital Cross Connect System (DXC)
•Terminal Multiplexer (TM)
•Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
STM-N STM-N
LR-N
STM-M2M34/45M140M
STM-N
TM-N/M
STM-M, 2M, 34/45M, 140M
STM-N
ADM-N/M
STM-N
STM-M2M34/45M140M
LCX/DXC
STM-M2M34/45M140M
SDH Network Topology model
Transport Switching
Tier 1 Core Network
Tier 2 Regional Network
Tier 3 Local/ Access Network
Large Urban Area
Metro AreaRural Area Urban Area
Trunk Network
Junction Network
Local Network
Regional Area
Distribution Network
Taffic Patterns
Adjacent
Dual Hubbed,
hubs max apart
Uniform Single Hub
Dual Hubbed,
hubs adjacent
STM-1/4
STM-16
With 1 access ring.
LO Routing Granularity
LO Routing Granularity
Two Transport Tiers,low traffic volume
With 2 or 3 access rings!
STM-16/64 HO Routing Granularity
LO Routing Granularity
STM-1/4/16
Two Transport Tiers,high traffic volume
1-2 access rings : SDH ADM> 2 access rings : DCS
Three Transport Tiers
STM-1 / 4
STM-16 / 642 or 3 regional rings
LO Routing Granularity
HO Routing Granularity
LO Routing Granularity
STM-4 /16
?
Before Using DXC?
Switching NE #1
TransmissionNE#1
DDF DDF
TransmissionNE#n
Switching NE#2
Thousands of Circuit Connect Manually!
What is DXC?CIT(GUI)Managed by Management System
Switching NE #1
TransmissionNE#1
TransmissionNE#n
Switching NE#2
DXC is like this one!
Digital Cross Connect EvolutionFrom Digital Distribution Frame to Digital
Cross Connect
DigitalDistribution
Frame
DigitalDistribution
Frame
PDH/SDH
PDH/SDH Digital
CrossConnect
DigitalCross
Connect
PDH/SDH
PDH/SDH
What is DXC? (continuous)
• DXC M/NN: Internal Cross-connect Level, VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 etc.M: Input port signal Level, VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 etc.
• DXC Capacity: Number of Input/Output port
For Example: DASC II 1/0DASC V 4/4DASC VI 4/1WaveStar DASC 4/4/3/1
For Example: DASC V: 256 x 256 STM-1DASC VI: 64 x 64 STM-1 WaveStar DASC 4/4/3/1: 256 x 256 STM-1,
can be upgraded to 512 x 512 STM-1
What is DXC? (continuous)
DXC 4/4 + DXC 4/1configuration
DXC 4/4(HO XC)
DXC 4/1(LO XC,
LO Grooming)
DXC 4/4/1configuration
DXC 4/4/1(HO, LO XC,
LO Grooming)
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 Control Architecture
MainController
STM-1/ESTM-1/O
I/OSubrackSTM-0
I/OSubrack
STM-1/OI/O
Subrack
STM-1/E
I/OSubrack
622 Mb/s SwitchCore
622 Mb/s
CIT(GUI)
2 Mbps
34 Mbps
45 Mbps
140 Mbps
ITM-NM
BCLAN
OfficeITM-SC
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 Transport Architecture
Integration of External Multiplexers
PDHPDH
2 Mbps
34 Mbps
45 Mbps
140 Mbps
2 Mbps
34 Mbps
45 Mbps
140 Mbps
PDHPDH
SDHSDH
1
64
STM-1 E/OSTM-4 /O
1
64
1
64
1
64
I/O I/ON Switch Matrix2
SDH Mux/LineSDH Mux/Line
STM-1 E/O
STM-4 /O
STM-16 /O
STM-1 E/OSTM-4 /O
SDH Mux/LineSDH Mux/LineSTM-1
E/OSTM-4 /OSTM-16 /O
Office boundery Office boundery
N2 cross-point matrix diagram
N x Inputs
N x Outputs
Total N2 cross-point
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 N2 Matrix Concept
N2
matrix
12
256
1 2
256
Single Stage Matrix
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 Conventional Matrix Architecture
Center StageInput Stage Output Stage
# n
# 1
# 2
# 1
# 2
# n # n
# 2
# 112
256
12
256
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 Cross-Connect Architecture
N2 XCON
P U
P U
Single Stage, Triple Matrix Redundancy and Less Matrix-to-I/O Interconnect
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSSU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
BSIU
b1
b2
p1
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b8
p2
IU IU
I/O subrack I/O subrackCC subrack
BSIU
BSIU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSSU
BSIU
BSIU
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1 N2 Bit-Slice Switch Concept
Bit Slic
e
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
Bit 8
Protection Bit 1
Protection Bit 22:8 Shared Protection
Input Signal
LXC
PDH Access
2, 34, 45, 140 Mbps
MUXPDH Access
ADMPDH Access
2, 34, 45, 140 Mbps
WS DACS
STM-1E
STM-1ESTM-1E
2, 34, 45, 140 Mbps
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1
ADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
ADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 Rings
ADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
ADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 Rings
ADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
ADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 Rings
WS DACS
STM-1E
STM-1ESTM-1E
Undersea Cable Network
WS DACS
STM-1E
STM-1ESTM-1E
ADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
ADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 Rings
ADM
Backbone Regional Network
STM-16/64 Lines
ADM
STM-16/64 Lines
Optical Line Systems
Optical Line Systems
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1
ADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 RingsADM
ADMADM
ADMADM
PDH or Lower-Order SDH
STM-4/16/64 RingsWS DACS
WaveStar™ DACS 4/4/1
DACS Application: Easy Path Set-up
ITM SC
Service path example
ISM
ISM
ISM
DACS4/4/1
ISM
ISM
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
ISM
ISM ISM
ISM
ISM
ISM ISM
ISM
ISM
ISM
DACS4/4/1
ITM SCPSDN
ISM
ITM NM/XM
光交接機 (OXC)
SDH
SDH SDH
SDH
GbE
GbE
SDH
SDH
GbEClient:STM-1/4/16/64GbE
GbE
現有 SDH/OADM 骨幹傳輸網路
STM64-ADM/OADM
1. 由 STM-64/OADM Ring 在機房 內 BACK-TO-BACK 提供電路2. 不同 SDH 系統互連亦以光纖 BACK-TO-BACK 連接
SDH
GbE
GbE
SDH
SDH
GbEClient:STM-1/4/16/64GbEGbE
傳輸網路將由 STM-64 Ring 逐漸演進為 OXC Mesh, Ring 退居 Access
SDH
SDH
SDH
STM64-ADM/WDM
CWDM
SDH
ROADM
IP + Optical hardware integration
Colored Optics in IP
WDM (W) WDM (W)
Open Switched Optical MeshWDM Transport
WDM (W) WDM (W)
Separate IP & Optical
OXC/WDM
O/EElectricSwitchFabric
E/O
O/E/OPhotonicSwitchFabric
O/E/O
PhotonicSwitchFabric
a) Opaque EXC(OXC)
b) Opaque PXC
c) Transparent PXC
貳、光交接機分類
鐘源 電源 告警 控制
交換矩陣640Gbit/s
λ
交換矩陣640Gbit/s
λ
輸 入 輸 出
鐘訊 電源 告警 控制
光交接機 (OXC)光交接機構成
未來引進 OXC 後之 CHT 骨幹傳輸網路
DWDM DWDM
DWDMDWDM
OXCOXC
OADMOADM
OADMOADM
OXCOXC
OADM
OADM
OADM
MSSP
MSSP
MSSP
SANIP/IEthernetATMDSLAMT1/T3STM-N
OXCOXC
ADM
ADM
ADM
長網系統
區網系統
都會系統
迎接傳輸網路變革與挑戰
1. IP 訊務與快速服務已成主流,傳輸網路變革:• 應兼具備 GE Crossconnect 與 granularity 功能與快
速 Restoration 機制, OXC+NG SDH/OADM 符合潮流2. 因應競爭,未來是否提供 Managed wavelength 出租3. 3. 採購時程採購時程 :: 總公司將於總公司將於 9595 年年 66 月委託邁肯錫顧問公司探月委託邁肯錫顧問公司探
討網路討網路 IPIP 化報告後做出決策,並擬定是否開放與開放化報告後做出決策,並擬定是否開放與開放時程時程
4. OXC4. OXC 單獨採購效益不易評估單獨採購效益不易評估 , , 應與應與 NG-SDHNG-SDH ㄧ起採購,避ㄧ起採購,避免免
不同廠牌網管互連與維運問題,並藉減少廠牌,降低不同廠牌網管互連與維運問題,並藉減少廠牌,降低 CAPEXCAPEX 與與 OPEXOPEX
44
Next Generation SDH
NG SDH 簡介NG SDH( 下一代 SDH) 簡介
1 GFP (Generic Framing Procedure - G.7041)
2 Virtual Concatenation( 虛擬複聯 ) (VCAT - G.707)
3 LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme - G.7042) 鏈路容量調整機制
為什麼需要 NG SDH ( 下一代 SDH)數據服務的迅猛發展彙整 語音和數據服務可同時傳送 packet 和 TDM 服務傳統 SDH 的演進支援多種的 TDM ports 和多種的 data 接取介面
STM-1/4/16/64
TDM
IP/ATM1000M
10M300M
500M
IP ATM SDH
MSTPMSTP
NG SDH ( 下一代 SDH) 的主要技術
可為 TDM 和 data 服務提供有彈性頻寬分配的下一代 SDH 的主要技術。
1. GFP 封裝技術 (Generic Framing Procedure - G.7041)
2. Virtual Concatenation( 虛擬複聯 ) (VCAT - G.707)3. LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme - G.7042) 鏈路
容量調整機制
NG SDH 功能方塊圖
SONET/SDH
SO
NE
T M
UX
/DE
MU
X
Nat
ive
In
terf
aces ?
That’s “ NG SDH “
VC
VirtualConcatenation
LCAS
Link Capacity
Adjustment Scheme
1.GFP
Generic Frame
Procedure
2.LAPS
Ethernet
Ficon
Escon
Fibre Channel
Edge Core SDHAdaptation
1.Customer IP 3.Operator2.Edge NE
(NG SDH)
GFP 之目的及基本原理
Variable Client Rate
GFP-FConstant Transport Rate
FIFOt
Mbit/sIDLEs
GFP-F Mapper
+
Mapper t
Mbit/s
GFP-FIDLEs
ClientEthernetFast EthernetGigabit EthernetIPPPP
GFP-F Client vs. Transport Rate
GFP 之目的及基本原理
GFP-T
t
Mbit/s
Effective Payload
Constant Client Data Rate
GFP-T Mapper
Mapper
Decoder/ Coder
t
Mbit/s
100 % 100+x %
+Client IDLEsGFP Overhead
Effective Payload
Client IDLEs
Fibre ChannelESCONFICONGigabit Ethernet10 GigEAnything!
Constant Transport Rate
GFP-T Client vs. Transport Rate
虛擬複聯 (Virtual Concatenation) 之優點
100M Ethernet STM-1= 63 x VC-12
VC-12-5vVC-12-5v
VC-12-46v
2x 10M Ethernet VC-12-5v
7x E1 Services
Example:
利用 VCat (Virtual Concatenation) 將更多的 services 整合在一起。
Ethernet
ATM
ESCON
Fibre Channel
Fast Ethernet
GigabitEthernet
data 10 Mbit/s
25 Mbit/s
200 Mbit/s
1,062 Mbit/s2,125 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s
1 Gbit/s
VC-12-5v
VC-12-12v
VC-12-46vVC-3-2v
VC-3-4v
VC-4-6vVC-4-16v
VC-4-7v
VirtualConcatenation
92%
98%
100%100%
100%
100%89%
95%
VirtualConcatenation
efficiency
VC-3
VC-3
VC-4
VC-4-4c
VC-4-16cVC-4-16c
VC-4-16c
ContiguousConcatenation
20%
50%
67%
33%
44%89%
35%
ContiguousConcatenation
efficiency
更好的頻寬效率
虛擬複聯 (Virtual Concatenation) 之優點
提高電路使用效率
虛擬複聯 (VC-n-Xv) 的每個 VC-n 可以獨立傳輸,選擇不同的路徑。
電路 provision 時,可選擇不同的路徑,提高電路使用效率。各 VC-n 傳輸所通過的路徑有可能不同,各 VC-n 之間可能出現傳輸時差 (differential delay) ,因此在收端可利用 Buffers 來補償傳輸時差。
對中間傳輸設備無特殊需求,完全透通 ( transparent) 。 僅僅對兩端設備有特殊的協定 (Virtual Concatenation)
支援要求。
虛擬複聯 (Virtual Concatenation) 之架構圖
End to end traffic: VC-n-Xv
Transport Network
VC-n#1VC-n#2VC-n#3
VC-n#4VC-n#5VC-n#6
相鄰複聯 (Contiguous Concatenation)
- 在 SDH payload 中,相鄰複聯所組成之區塊 (block) 之起始 virtu
al container 位置,必須符合規定 (defined positions) 。- 複聯多個相鄰的 VC-4 ,形成一個整體結構進行傳輸。- 只有一組 pointer ,指示 POH 起始位置。- 要求所經網路的所有設備均支援該項技術 ( 相鄰複聯 ) 。
AU-4 Pointers
MSOH
RSOH
VC-4-5 VC-4-6 VC-4-7 VC-4-8
VC-4-9 VC-4-10 VC-4-11 VC-4-12
VC-4-13 VC-4-14 VC-4-15 VC-4-16
VC-4-1 VC-4-2 VC-4-3 VC-4-4
STM-16
相鄰複聯VC-4-4c
AU-4 Pointers
MSOH
RSOH
VC-4-1 VC-4-2 VC-4-3 VC-4-4
VC-4-5 VC-4-6 VC-4-7 VC-4-8
VC-4-9 VC-4-10 VC-4-11 VC-4-12
VC-4-13 VC-4-14 VC-4-15 VC-4-16
虛擬複聯 (Virtual Concatenation)STM-16
虛擬複聯VC-4-7v
AU-4 Pointers
MSOH
RSOH
VC-4-5 VC-4-6 VC-4-7 VC-4-8
VC-4-9 VC-4-10 VC-4-11 VC-4-12
VC-4-13 VC-4-14 VC-4-15 VC-4-16
VC-4-1 VC-4-2 VC-4-3 VC-4-4
AU-Pointers
MSOH
RSOH VC-4-1 VC-4-2 VC-4-3 VC-4-4
VC-4-5 VC-4-6 VC-4-7 VC-4-8
VC-4-9 VC-4-10 VC-4-11 VC-4-12
VC-4-13 VC-4-14 VC-4-15 VC-4-16
- 在 SDH payload 中,虛擬複聯之各個區塊 (block) 之 virtual contai
ner 位置,可以指定任一未用位置 (any position) 。- 各個區塊 (block) 有自己的識別碼 (identifier) ,以表示各個區塊的 V
CG(Virtual Concatenated Group) 編號 (MFI) 與 VCG 成員序列號碼(SQ) 。
- 每個容器 (container) 有它自己的 pointer 。
LCAS 架構圖
Transport Network
NGSDH
NGSDH
ISPCustomer’s LAN
Network Management
VC-12-3v
+VC-12
LCAS
LCAS 之應用Bandwidth on demand 1. “Call-by-Call”
Customer 1. rents a 6M Internet connection (VC-12-3v) 2. calls to get additional 2M!Operator will provision additional VC-12 path ..and will hitless add it to existing connection via LCAS!
Transport Network
NG NG
ISPCustomer’s LAN
Network Management
VC-12-3v
+VC-12
LCAS
LCAS 之應用Bandwidth on demand 2. on Schedule
Transport NetworkNG NG
Location A Location B
100M
Offer a fixed bandwidth schedule: 1. Virtual Local Area Network service at
100M Ethernet 2. Every night for one hour - additional 900M
ESCON service for data backup New revenue opportunities at low
traffic hours!
100M
900M900M
100M
900M