Modeling of physical properties of lake ice by using microwave scatterometer and genetic algorithm

,

/

(Microwave Scatterometer) , , /

/ , , air bubble

air bubble ,

/ volume inhomogeneity

Microwave ScatterometerHH Polarization Square Horn AntennaCenter frequency: 5.3 GHz (C-band)Band width: 600 MHzSpatial resolution: 25 cmnotebookVNAGPIB-USBice surfaceincidence angle (45)standmicrowave cablesbeam width (15)

2006 2 2 ( )

: 2 m : 45: 40 cm

Calibration kit VNA Trihedral corner reflector

Calibration kit VNA Trihedral corner reflector

First returnSecondreturn

First return

surface water SecondreturnFirst return

surface water

First return

Scatterometer Measurement Model

Surface scattering Integral Equation Model (IEM)

Volume scattering , , Ice/water interface scattering/ ,

Inversion Modeling ,

(Genetic Algorithm)

: RMSE : RMSE = 0

Ice model

(1)First return Second return / RMSE = 0.0055 magnitudeNRMSE = 5.12%

(2)First return Second return RMSE = 0.0009 magnitudeNRMSE = 0.93 %

(2) -

(2) -

Surface water -

/ Second return / First return second return - , air bubble

/ SAR /

.

1.7, 0.13 mm