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    **Premature cardiovascular death, not just ESRD, is a major risk for people with CKD. Recent studies have tightened the epidemiological link between CKD and CVD. These studies have reported a graded, inverse relation between initial renal function and subsequent risks of death and complications from cardiovascular disease. Some say, Only the lucky CKD patients reach ESRD.

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  • NHANES 1999-2006 1-5 15% 3-5 8,1%HUNT II 1995-1997 1-4 10,2%PREVEND 2005 1-5 17,6%EPIRCE 2005 1-5 12,7%Imai et al., 2007 3-5 18,7%AusDiab 2008 1-5 13,4% 3-5 7,7%Beijing study, 2008 1-5 14% 3-5 6,5%Kinshasa study 2009 1-5 12,4% 3-5 8%

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    **Premature cardiovascular death, not just ESRD, is a major risk for people with CKD. Recent studies have tightened the epidemiological link between CKD and CVD. These studies have reported a graded, inverse relation between initial renal function and subsequent risks of death and complications from cardiovascular disease. Some say, Only the lucky CKD patients reach ESRD. *

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