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奇怪的隱形人 ---- 微中子簡介An Introduction to Neutrino
High School Seminar at NTHUJuly 9, 2007
張維甫We-Fu Chang
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 2
這個世界是用什麼做的?
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 9
追尋更基本的結構
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 14
我們對基本元素的認識
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今天我們知道的基本粒子
微中子
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 16
微中子的發現
N P + electron
電子的動能應該只有一個值呀?
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 17
動量守恆 = 空間平移
不變 能量守恆 = 時間平移
不變
Niels Bohr 甚至建議 動能量在次原子尺度 並不守恆
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 18
W. Pauli’s proposal
1930 在衰變末態另有一個 電中性 自旋 ½ 質量小於 0.01 M Pauli 命名為
Neutron
p
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1932, J. Chadwick discovered neutron which is too heavy for Pauli’s particle
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 21
E. Fermi’s interaction 1933 重新命名為
微中子 ( Neutrino )
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WF Chang NTHU, July 9, 2007 22
微中子和物質發生作用的散射截面積實在太小了
需要 100 光年厚的鉛塊才能檔下來
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1956 C. Cowen, F. Reines
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歷史上第一張微中子的照片
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只有左手的弱作用力
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由 Z Boson 消失的衰變 , 我們可以推測一共有三種微中子 .
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我們的太陽
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Super Kamiokande
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SuperK 看到的高能電子
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1987A
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SNO
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量子變身 及 測不準原理
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Generalized Gravity Theories I
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Cosmic Backgrond Radiation
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三個微中子質量和小於 0.7 eV
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微中子的質量特別小
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輕子 / 夸克 混合角度大不同
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Summary
微中子的發現 到處都是隱形的微中子 --- 微中子的特性 他們會變身 ! 我們學到了什麼?還有什麼問題? 未來展望
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