3
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1 13
2 15
3 17
4 19
5 22
6 25
7 27
8 30
9 32
10 46
11 49
12 59
13 74
14 79
15 81
16 84
17 86
18 87
19 90
20 93
21 95
22 97
23 98
24 100
25 102
26 105
27 108
28 110
29 116
30 118
31 / 121
32 123
33 125
34 127
35 / 130
36 130
37 130
38 134
39 137
40 139
309
310
141
165
183
199
223
243
261
281
301
2004
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1.
1
1 1 * YF01 < >{<}2 2 * BF11 < >{>}<2 >3 3 * YF014 4 * BF11 BF115 5 * YF01 YF016 6 * YF01 1 < >
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1 1101
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23
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1999
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1 240 35
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13 13 * BF03 < >{<}
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1999 44 628-33
2.40
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18 14 2 25 9
4
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12
3.40
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1997
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1997
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10 10 * SM01
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3
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33
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8 8 * OF04< >{>} 1
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5
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9 9 * OM011 12 < >{<}
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3
5.
TUFS D
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20 161 YM07 BF01
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20 19 * BF01 < >{<}21 20 * YM07 < >{>}22 21 * YM0723 22 * YM07
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D
2 3 1 2 3
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211 201 * YM10212 202 * YM09 ?213 203 * YM10214 204 * YM09
,,216 206 * YM09217 205-2 * YM10
218 207 * YM09
219 208 * YM10 ?220 209 * YM09 < >221 210 * YM10 ##222 211 * YM09 < >223 212 * YM10 ?
224 213 * YM09 <YM10 >
225 214 * YM10 < >226 215 * YM09
227 216 * YM10
228 217 * YM09
215 205-1 ⁄ YM10
229 218 * YM10 MM230 219 * YM09 MM231 220 * YM10 ?232 221 * YM09
3 YM09 10 YM10 10 2
318 298 * YM09319 299 * YM10 =320 300 * YM10 =321 301 * YM09322 302 * YM10323 303 * YM09324 304 * YM10325 305 * YM09 < >326 306 * YM10 ##327 307 * YM09328 308 * YM10 < >329 309 * YM09 < > < >330 310 * YM10 < > <YM09 >331 311 * YM09 ?332 312 * YM10333 313 * YM09 <YM10 >334 314 * YM10 < > [ ]
BTS 2
4 4 14
4 BM12 OM45 2
1 1 * BM12
2 2 * OM45 ?3 3 * BM124 4 * BM12
D
4
BTS 2
D
1994 1994
1994 7 4-9.1994
7 10-18.
6.40
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10 3
1 72
10 9 12 4
3
1 3
1 BF06 OM17 14 OM17 BF06
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1 1-1 ⁄ BF06 5 ,,2 2 * OM173 1-2 * BF064 3 * OM17
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10 7 * OM1711 4-4 ⁄ BF06 ,,12 8 * OM1713 4-5 * BF0614 9 * OM1715 10 * OM17 ?
17 11 * BF06/ 5 / 5
18 12 * OM17 519 13 * BF0620 14 * OM1721 15 * OM17 < ?>{<}
22 16 * BF06< >{>}
1 2
2 23 44 ?
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22
7.40
BTS 2
41
41 2 1
1 BF08BF08 YF27
1 BF08 20 YF27 20
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9 9 * BF08 ?
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2 SF42 BF42
3 BF18 20 OM52 20
1 1 * BF18?
2 2 * OM523 3 * BF184 4 * BF185 5 * OM526 6 * BF187 7 * BF18
8 8 * OM52
9 9 * BF18
2 SF42 20 BF 20
27 25 * SF42 528 26 * BF1929 27 * SF42 ?30 28 * SF4231 29 * BF1932 30 * SF4233 31-1 ⁄ BF19 5 6 ,,34 32 * SF42 635 31-2 * BF19 < >{<}36 33 * SF42 < >{>}37 34 * BF19 < >{<}38 35 * SF42 < >{>}39 36 * SF42 < >{<}40 37 * BF19 < >{>}
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3 BF18 OF52BF18 OM52
8.
11 08 20 08 20
1 1 * 082 2 * 08 ?3 3 * 084 4 * 085 5 * 08 ?6 6 * 08 ?7 7 * 088 8 * 089 9 * 08 4
10 10 * 0811 11 * 0812 12 * 08 ?13 13 * 08 2 414 14 * 08 ?15 15 * 0816 16 * 08 ?17 17 * 08
18 18 * 0819 19 * 08
111
2 20
2 113 13 13
1
1 2 20
3 1 2
12 13 20 13 20
1 1 * 13 [ ]2 2 * 13 !?3 3 * 13 504 4 * 13 50 ?5 5 * 13 50 106 6 * 13 13 4
1 23 OF9 OF 10
333 324 * OF10334 325 * OF9 ?335 326 * OF10 S336 327 * OF9 < >{<}337 328 * OF10 < ?>{>}338 329 * OF9 339 330 * OF10 <## >{<}340 331 * OF9 < >{>}341 332 * OF10342 333 * OF9 ?343 334 * OF10344 335 * OF10345 336 * OF10346 337 * OF9 347 338 * OF10348 339 * OF10 < >{<}349 340 * OF9 < >{>} ? [ ]350 341 * OF10
3 1 2 OF10?
342 1 21 349
2
12
9.40
1 BF03YF01 BF03 YF01
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11 BF03 YF01
48 46 * BF03
49 47 * YF01<
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51 48 * YF01
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53 51 * YF0154 52 * BF03 ?55 53 * BF03 ?56 54-1 ⁄ YF01 2 3 ,,57 55 * BF0358 54-2 * YF01
59 56 * YF01?
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60 57 * BF03
2119
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123 112 * BF08 < >{>}124 111-2 * SM03
13 BM02 SM01
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52 51 * JBM02 53 52 * SM01
54 53 * JBM02 [
]
55 54 * SM01
56 55 * JBM02
57 56 1 ⁄ JBM02 ,,58 57 * SM0159 56 2 ⁄ JBM02 < >,,60 58 1 ⁄ SM01 < >{<},,61 56 3 * JBM02 < >{>}
1
4 YM1YM2 YM1 35
4
15 YM7 YM8
77 73 * YM7
78 74 * YM8 ? <YM7
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14 YM1 YM2
33 31 * YM1 ?34 32-1 ⁄ YM2 ,,35 33 * YM136 32-2 ⁄ YM2 < >{<},,37 34 * YM1 < >{>} ?38 32 * YM2
90 86 * YM7 91 87 * YM7 < >{<}
92 88 * YM8 < >{>}
93 89 * YM7 < > < >{<}
4 86 YM8YM7
1 52 3
4 5
1
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38 37 * SM01
39 38 * BF03 40 39 * SM01 < >{<}< >
41 40-1 ⁄ BF03< > < >{>}
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42 41 * SM01 ?43 40-2 * BF03 ?
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20 18-2 * BF03 1 2
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25 23 * BF03 26 24 * BF03 ?27 25 * YF01 < >{<}28 26 * BF03 < >{>}29 27 * YF01 < >30 28 * BF03 31 29 * BF03 32 30 * BF03
7 YF016 BF03
SM01
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28 BF08 30 SM03 30
76 71 * BF08 / /
?
77 72-1 ⁄ SM03 ,,78 73 * BF08 79 72-2 ⁄ SM03 ,,80 74 * BF08 < >{<}81 72-3 * SM03 < >{>} < >{<}82 75 * BF08 < >{>}83 76 * SM03
84 77 * BF08 < >{>}
85 78 * SM03 < >{>}
86 79 * BF08
87 80 * BF08 ' ' ?88 81-1 ⁄ SM03 ### < >{<},,
89 82 * BF08 < >{>}
90 81-2 * SM03 ?
91 83-1 ⁄ BF08 #### ,,
92 84 * SM0393 83-2 * BF08 94 85 * SM0395 86 * SM03 ?96 87 * BF08
97 88-1 ⁄ BF08 ?,,
98 89 * SM0399 88-2 * BF08 ?100 90 * SM03 < >{<}101 91 * BF08 < ?>{>}
102 92 * SM03< >{<}
< >
103 93 * BF08 <### >{>}
104 94 * SM03
105 95 * BF08
106 96 * BF08 < ?>{<}107 97 * SM03 < >{>} ?108 98 * BF08 < >{<}
109 99 * SM03< >{>} ?<
>
110 100 * BF08 111 101 * SM03112 102 * BF08 113 103-1 ⁄ SM03 < >{<},,114 104 * BF08 < >{>}< >{<}115 103-2 * SM03 < >{>}116 105 * BF08 ?117 106 * SM03
118 107 * SM03 BF08
8 BF08107 109
BF08
29 BF11 30 OM04 40
64 57 * OM04
65 58 * OM04/ / < >
66 59 * BF11 ?
67 60 * OM04
68 61 * OM04
69 62 * BF11 < >{<}70 63 * OM04 < >{>}
9 OM0466
OM04
210 BF11 30 OM04 40
93 85 * BF11
94 86 * OM0495 87 * BF11 96 88 * OM0497 89 * BF11 < >
10 101 BF11102 OM04
211 BF11 30 YF01 20
9 9 * YF01?
10 10 * BF11 11 11 * YF0112 12 * BF11 <2 >
13 13 * BF11 / /<2 >
< >{<}
14 14 * BF11 < >{>}15 15 * YF01 ?
16 16 * BF11 < >{<}
17 17 * YF01 < >{>} ?18 18 * BF11
11 10 14
15
98 90 * OM04
99 91 * BF11 < >100 92 * BF11 < >
101 93 * BF11/ 3 /
< ?>{<}
102 94 * OM04< >{>} 2< >{<}
103 95 * BF11 < >{>}< >
2
212
79 78 * JI2 ?80 79 * JB281 80 * JB2 ?82 81 * JI2 <2 >83 82 * JB2 < >84 83 * JB2 / / ?85 84 * JI2 <2 >
86 85-1 ⁄ JI2
CM CM
< > {<},,
87 86 * JB2 < >{>}88 85-2 * JI2
89 87 * JI2
90 88 * JB2
12 2 ? JB2
12
213
123 119 * JB2
124 120 * JB2 ?
125 121 * JI2 2 <
>
126 122 * JI2 < >{<}
127 123 * JB2 < >{>}128 124 * JI2
129 125 * JI2 < >{<}
130 126 * JB2 < >{>}
131 127 * JI2
132 128 * JB2
133 129 * JI2
134 130 * JI2 CM
135 131-1 ⁄ JB2 ,,136 132 * JI2 < >{<}137 131-2 * JB2 < >{>}138 133 * JB2 139 134 * JB2 ?140 135 * JI2 141 136 * JI2
13 12 ? ?? ?
12
214 M6 M1
393 341 * M6 ?394 342-a ⁄ M1 //,,395 342-b ⁄ M1 N //,,396 342-c * M1 N NN
397 343 * M6
398 344 * M6
399 345 * M1
14 M62
215 F2 F3
181 143 * F2 ?182 144 * F3 183 145-a ⁄ F2 //,,184 145-b * F2 ?185 146-1 ⁄ F3 ,,186 147 * F2 N ?
187 146-2 * F3 N
15 15? F3
F2 F315 ?
216 F3 F4
4 4 * F3F4
N?
5 5 * F4 6 6 * F3 ?7 7 * F4
8 8 * F3 ?9 9 * F4
16
N F4
217 YF7 YF8
254 237 * YF7 <YF8 >255 238 * YF7 < >{<}256 239 * YF8 < >{>} ?257 240 * YF7 258 241 * YF8 259 242 * YF7 <JF4 >260 243 * YF8 261 244 * YF7 262 245 * YF8 ? < >{<}263 246 * YF7 < >{>}264 247 * YF8 265 248 * YF7 ###266 249-1 ⁄ YF7 ,,267 250 * YF8 268 249-2 * YF7 <YF8 >269 251-1 ⁄ YF7 < >{<},,270 252-1 ⁄ YF8 < >{>} ,,271 251-2 * YF7 272 252-2 * YF8 273 253 * YF7 274 254 * YF8 275 255 * YF7
276 256 * YF7 [?]
277 257 * YF8 < > ?278 258 * YF7 =
279 259 * YF7 = ?280 260 * YF8 281 261-1 ⁄ YF7 [ ]< >{<},,282 262 * YF8 < >{>}283 261-2 * YF7 <YF8 >
17 YF7YF8
279
1 5/172 12/17
10.
TUFS D- BTS2
D-
1 1 * 2 2 * 3 3 * ?4 4 *5 5 * 6 6 * ?7 7 *8 8 * 9 9 *
D-
3 ?4
17 6
1D-
11 2
31
10 — 1YF3 YF4
188 181-1 ⁄ YF3 < >{>}
30 ,,
189 182 * YF4 < >{<}190 181-2 * YF3 < >{>} < >{<}191 183 * YF4 < >{>} ?192 184 * YF3
193 185 * YF4 ?
194 186 * YF4 < >{<}195 187 * YF3 < >{>} ?< >196 188 * YF4 ? ?197 189 * YF3198 190 * YF3199 191 * YF4 ?200 192 * YF3 < >201 193 * YF4 < >{<}202 194 * YF3 < >{>}203 195 * YF4 < >
204 196 * YF3 < > ? < >{<}205 197 * YF4 <YF3>{>}
198 YF3YF4 ? 200
YF3
202200
YF3< > < >
< >
2
10 — 2YF9 YF10
1 1 * YM9 ?2 2 * YM10 ?3 3 * YM9 4 4 * YM10 <2 >5 5 * YM9 [ ?]6 6 * YM10 < ?>{<}7 7 * YM9 < >{>} ?8 8 * YM109 9 * YM9 < >
10 10 * YM1011 11 * YM9 < >12 12 * YM9 ?13 13 * YM10
1 ? YM9 6 8YM10 ?
1 6 7
?
11.40
11 BF11 YM03
1 1 * BF112 2 * YM033 3 * BF11 BF114 4 * YM03 YM035 5 * YM036 6 * BF11 <2 >
7 7 * YM03 < >
8 8 * BF11?
9 9 * YM03 410 10 * BF11 11 11 * YM03
1 BF11 YM038 ?
1
2 BF11 YM03
48 48 * BF11 < >
49 49 * YM03
50 50 * BF11 < >{<}
51 51 * YM03 < ?>{>}52 52 * BF11
53 53 * BF11 ??" "
54 54 * YM0355 55 * BF11 56 56 * YM03 ?57 57 * BF11
58 58 * BF11
59 59 * YM0360 60 * BF11
TUFS D-2 D-
2 BF11YM03 BF101
56? 2
3 BF03 30 YM01 20
3 3 * BF03 BF03
4 4 * YM02 YM025 5 * BF03 YM026 6 * YM027 7 * BF038 8 * YM02
9 9 * BF03
10 10 * YM0211 11 * BF03 ?12 12 * YM02 213 13 * BF0314 14 * YM02
YM02BF03 11
?
4 JBM01 30 SM01 30
55 52 * JBM01 < ?>{<}
56 53 * SM01< >{>}
57 54 * JBM01 [ ]
58 55 * SM0159 56 * JBM01 < >{<}
60 57-1 ⁄ SM01
< >{>}
<>,,
61 58 * JBM01
62 57-2 * SM01
63 59 * JBM01?
64 60 * SM01/ 3 /
< >
65 61 * JBM01 < >66 62 * SM01 [ ]
67 63 * SM0150 1
< >{<}
68 64 * JBM01 < >{>}69 65 * SM01
JBM01 SM01
63
5 JBM02 30 YM01 20
27 26 * JBM02 /5 / ?
28 27 * YM01< >
?< >
29 28 * YM01
30 29 * YM0131 30 * JBM02 < >{<}
32 31 * YM01
< >{>}
33 32 * JBM02 [ ]
34 33 * YM01## ### 1
[]
35 34 * YM01 1 < >
36 35 * YM011 2 1
10 20
37 36 * JBM02 38 37 * YM01
39 38 * YM01
2 34
[]
40 39 * JBM02 41 40 * YM01 < >42 41 * JBM02 4 3043 42 * YM01 < >{<}44 43 * JBM02 < >{>}45 44 * YM0146 45 * YM01 ?47 46 * YM01 < ?>{<}
48 47 * JBM02
2030 ## <2
>20
< >
5YM01
JBM02 45 YM01?
6 JFB 20 JFS 20
42 40 * JFS
43 41 * JFS
44 42 * JFS <2 >
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46 44 * JFB
47 45 * JFS
48 46 * JFS2 3
49 47 * JFS ?50 48-1 ⁄ JFB 4 ,,51 49 * JFS < 4 >{<}52 48-2 * JFB < >{>}53 50 * JFS54 51 * JFB 1 255 52 * JFS < >{<}56 53 * JFB < >{>} 1 157 54 * JFB ?58 55 * JFS 159 56 * JFS
60 57 * JFS
61 49
? 57 ?
27 BF11 OM03
82 75 * BF11
< >
83 76 * OM04 ?84 77 * BF1185 78 * OM0486 79 * BF11 < >
7OM04 ?
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28 BF11 SF11
29 27 * SF04 < ?>{<}
30 28 * BF11 < >{>}< >31 29 * BF11 32 30 * SF04 33 31 * BF11
829
?
2
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75 69 * BF11 / 2 /76 70 * YF01 ?77 71 * BF1178 72 * BF11 2 < >{<}79 73 * BF11 < >{>}< >{<}80 74 * YF01 < >{>} 281 75 * BF1182 76 * YF01 <2 >
9 75YF01 ? BF11
75
75
210 BF03 30 OF01 40
27 26 * OF01
28 27 * BF03 ? < ?>
{<}
29 28-1 ⁄ OF01< >{>}
,,
30 29 * BF03 ?31 28-2 * OF0132 30 * BF03 33 31 * OF0134 32 * OF01 3
35 33 * OF01
36 34 * OF0137 35 * BF03
38 36-1 ⁄ OF01 < >,,
39 37 * BF03
40 36-2 * OF01 < >
41 38 * OF01 BF03 ?
42 39 * BF03
43 40 * OF01 ? [ ]44 41 * BF03 45 42 * OF0146 43 * OF01 ?
47 44 * BF03
48 45 * OF01
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OF01 BF03 ?BF03
211 BF03 30 SF01 30
31 28 * SF01 < >{<}32 29 * BF03 < >{>}< >
33 30 * SF01 < > <2
>
34 31 * SF01 ?
35 32 * BF03 2
36 33 * SF01 ?
37 34-1 ⁄ BF03 ,,
38 35 * SF01 39 34-2 * BF03
11 30 SF01
2
212 BF03 30 SM01 30
1 1 * SM01 ?
2 2 * BF03 BF03
3 3 * SM01 ?4 4 * BF03 5 5 * SM016 6 * BF03 7 7 * BF03 ?
8 8 * SM01 SM01
9 9 * BF03 SM0110 10 * SM01 < >{<}11 11 * BF03 < >{>}12 12 * BF03
13 13 * BF03 < >{<}
14 14 * SM01<
>{>}
15 15 * BF03
16 16 * BF03 ?
17 17 * SM0118 18 * BF03 19 19 * SM01 ?
20 20 * BF03 < >
4
21 21 * SM01 4
1219 ?
2
1 6/122 6/12 2
78 12
2 1
12.40
11
53 53 * JB2 ?54 54 * J2 55 55 * JB2 ?56 56 * J2 9657 57 * JB2 96
1 55?
2 M1 F1
98 73 * M1 ?99 74 * F1 ? N100 75 * M1 ? < >101 76 * M1
2 ?1
3 M1 M6
1 1 * M1 2 2 * M6 ?< > ?3 3 * M6 4 4 * M6 ? 10 ?
5 5-a ⁄ M1 10 10
//,,
6 5-b * M1 N
10 45
7 6 * M6 N
3 2
4 M1 M6
29 21 * M1 ?30 22 * M6 7
31 23 * M1 732 24 * M6
4 29 ?
5 M3 M4
9 7 * M3
10 8 * M3 11 9 * M4 ?12 10 * M3 13 11 * M4 ?14 12 * M3
5 M3 M4
1
6 M3 M4
9 7 * M3
10 8 * M3 11 9 * M4 ?12 10 * M3 13 11 * M4 ?14 12 * M3 15 13 * M4 ?16 14 * M3 17 15 * M4 18 16 * M3 2
19 17 * M4 < > < >
20 18 * M3
21 19 * M4 ?22 20 * M3 3 3 10 5 10 223 21 * M4 ?24 22 * M3
6 5 M321
?
7 M3 M4
133 121 * M4 ?134 122 * M3 6135 123 * M4 N?136 124 * M3
7 M3 M4
1
8 F2 F3
1 1 * F3 < > ? 92 2-a ⁄ F2 9 //,,
3 2-b * F2 171819 ' '
81
9 YM1 YM2
151 134 * YM1 152 135 * YM2 153 136 * YM1 6
154 137 * YM2 < > ?155 138 * YM1 ?156 139 * YM2 ?157 140-1 ⁄ YM2 ,,158 141 * YM1 159 140-2 * YM2 160 142 * YM1 161 143 * YM2 ?162 144 * YM1 163 145 * YM2 ? < >164 146 * YM1
9 6YM1 6 YM2
YM2 153 6YM2 156
?1
10 YM5 YM6
40 39 * YM6 ?41 40 * YM5 42 41 * YM6 43 42 * YM5 < >{<}44 43 * YM6 < >{>}45 44 * YM5 46 45 * YM6 47 46 * YM6 48 47 * YM5 49 48 * YM6
50 49 * YM5 ?
51 50 * YM6 ? < >{<}52 51 * YM5 < >{>} <YM6 >53 52 * YM5 54 53-1 ⁄ YM6 ,,
55 54 * YM5 2 <22 >{<}
56 53-2 * YM6 < 2 >{>} 2 22 ?
10YM5
?
55YM6 YM5 50
1
11 YM9 YM10
310 290 * YM10311 291 * YM10312 292 * YM9 313 293 * YM10 [ ]314 294 * YM9 315 295 * YM10 ?316 296 * YM9 2 33317 297 * YM10
11
315 ?1
12
1 1 * 14 ?2 2 * 14 7 6 50 < >{<}3 3 * 14 < >{>}
121
13 BF02 SF2
1 1-1 ⁄ JBF02 < > 1 ,,2 2 * JSF23 1-2 ⁄ JBF02 ,,4 3 * JSF25 1-3 * JBF02 ?6 4 * JSF2 ?7 5 * JBF028 6 * JSF2 < >9 7 * JBF02
10 8 * JSF2 < ?>{<}11 9 * JBF02 < >{>}12 10 * JBF0213 11 * JSF2 ?14 12 * JSF2 ?15 13 * JBF0216 14 * JBF02 ?17 15 * JBF02 ?18 16 * JSF219 17 * JBF0220 18 * JBF0221 19 * JBF0222 20 * JSF2
13 JBF02 JSF0213 16
14 BF06 OM17
1 1-1 ⁄ JBF06 5 ,,2 2 * JOM17
3 1-2 * JBF064 3 * JOM17
5 4-1 ⁄ JBF061 2
,,
6 5 * JOM17 7 4-2 ⁄ JBF06 1 2 ,,8 6 * JOM17 9 4-3 ⁄ JBF06 ,,10 7 * JOM17 11 4-4 ⁄ JBF06 ,,12 8 * JOM17 13 4-5 * JBF0614 9 * JOM17 15 10 * JOM17 ?
17 12 * JBF06/ 5 / 5
18 13 * JOM17 519 14 * JBF0620 15 * JOM17
14JBF06 JOM17
15
1
15 BM07 YM59
1 1 * JBM07 2
2 2 * JYM59
3 3 * JBM07 ?
4 4 * JYM59 5 5 * JBM07 6 6 * JYM59 ?7 7 * JBM07
8 8 * JYM59 ?
10 10 * JBM07
11 11 * JYM59 < >{<}12 12 * JBM07 < >{>}13 13 * JYM59 14 14 * JBM07
15 14
1
16 BM11 SF22
1 1 * JBM11
2 2 * JSF22 / 1 /3 3 * JBM11 4 4 * JBM11 ?5 5-1 ⁄ JSF22 ,,6 6 * JBM11 7 5-2 * JSF228 7 * JBM11 9 8 * JSF22 < >
10 9 * JBM11 < >11 10 * JBM11 12 11 * JBM11 ?13 12 * JSF2214 13 * JBM11 15 14 * JSF22
16 14 151
17 BF14 OF37
1 1 * JBF142 2 * JOF373 3 * JBF14 1 ?4 4 * JOF37
5 5 * JBF14
6 6 * JOF377 7 * JOF37 ?8 8-1 ⁄ JBF14 ,,9 9 * JOF37
10 8-2 * JBF1411 10 * JOF3712 11 * JBF14 ?13 12 * JOF3714 13 * JBF14
17
18 BF14 SF38
20 20 * JBF14 ?21 21 * JSF3822 22 * JBF14 ?23 23 * JSF3824 24 * JBF14
25 25-1 ⁄ JSF38 <###>{<},,
26 26 * JBF14 < >{>}27 25-2 * JSF3828 26 * JSF3829 27 * JBF1430 28 * JSF3831 29 * JBF14
32 30 * JSF38 ?32 31 * JBF14 < >{<}33 32 * JSF38 < ' '>{>}34 33 * JBF14
18
19 BF16 SF32
1 1 * JBF162 2 * JSF32 ?
3 3 * JBF16
4 4 * JSF32 ?5 5 * JBF166 6 * JSF327 7 * JSF32 ?8 8 * JBF16 89 9 * JSF32
10 10-1 ⁄ JSF32 ,,11 11 * JBF1612 10-2 * JSF3213 12 * JBF16 ?14 13 * JSF3215 14 * JBF1616 15 * JSF3217 16 * JBF1618 17 * JSF3219 18 * JBF16
19 13 1813 18
13 JBF16JSF32 ?
20 BF17 YF19
1 1 * JBF17 ?
2 2 * JYF19
3 3 * JYF19 24 4 * JBF175 5-1 ⁄ JBF17 ,,6 6 * JYF197 5-2 ⁄ JBF17 ,,8 7 * JYF199 5-3 * JBF17 ?
10 8 * JYF1911 9 * JYF19 ?12 10 * JBF17 ' '13 11 * JYF19
20 JBF17 JYF19
1
21 BF18 OM52
1 1 * JBF18?
2 2 * JOM52 3 3 * JBF184 4 * JBF185 5 * JOM52 6 6 * JBF187 7 * JBF18
8 8 * JOM52
9 9 * JBF18
10 10 * JOM52 11 11 * JBF1812 12 * JBF18
21
22 BM18 SM53
1 1 * JBM18 ?
2 2 * JSM533 3 * JBM18 ?4 4 * JSM535 5 * JBM18 ?6 6 * JSM53 ' '7 7 * JBM18 ?8 8 * JSM539 9 * JBM18 ?
10 10 * JSM5311 11 * JBM1812 12 * JSM53 ?13 13 * JBM1814 14 * JSM53 < >{<}
22 5 ?9 ?
1
23 BF19 OF50
1 1 * JBF19 < >
2 2 * JBF191
?
3 3 * JOF50 ?< >
4 4 * JBF195 5 * JOF506 6 * JBF197 7 * JBF19 ?8 8-1 ⁄ JOF50 2 ,,9 9 * JBF19
10 8-2 * JOF5011 10 * JBF19
13 11-1 ⁄ JBF19 1,,
14 12 * JOF5015 11-2 * JBF19 ?16 13 * JOF5017 14 * JBF19 ?
18 15-1 ⁄ JOF50 2,,
19 16 * JBF1920 15-2 * JOF5021 17 * JBF19
1
24 BF20 YF49
1 1 * JBF202 2 * JYF49
3 3 * JBF20 ?
4 4 * JYF49
5 5 * JBF20
6 6 * JYF497 7 * JBF208 8 * JBF20
9 9 * JYF4910 10 * JBF20 ?11 11 * JYF4912 12 * JBF2013 13 * JYF4914 14 * JBF2015 15 * JYF4916 16 * JBF2017 17 * JYF4918 18 * JBF2019 19 * JYF49
24 11
1
2
225 JBM01 30 SF01 20
104 100 * SF01105 101 * JBM01 2106 102 * SF01 2107 103 * JBM01 < >{<}
108 104 * SF01
< >{>}' '
< >
25 12 25
104
JBM01 2 SF01
1 24/252 1/25
2 1
13.40
? /
11
38 38 * 11 ?39 39 * 11 A4 70 < ??>{<}40 40 * 11 < >{>}41 41 * 1142 42 * 1143 43 * 11
1 38?
A4 70 381
2
1 1 * 15 ?
2 2-1 / 15 190,,3 3 * 15 ?4 2-2 / 15 190,,5 4 * 15 ?6 2-3 * 15 1937 5 * 15 < ?>{<}8 6 * 15 < >{>}9 7 * 15
10 8 * 1511 9 * 1512 10 * 15 ?13 11-1 / 15 190,,14 12-1 / 15 < >{<},,15 11-2 * 15 < >{>}16 12-2 * 1517 13 * 15 < >{<}18 14 * 15 < >{>} 3
21 12
1
3
81 78 * JB1 82 79 * JB1 < >83 80 * JI1 ?84 81 * JB1 <4 >{<}85 82 * JI1 <4 >{>} ?
3
JI1
4
17 14 * F5 C
18 15 * F5" F6 A
"
19 16 * F6 < >20 17 * F521 18 * F622 19 * F623 20 * F524 21 * F6 2025 22 * F5
4 1 31
5
44 30 * F1 45 32 * M1 N46 33-1 / F1 N < >{<},,47 34 * M1 < >{>} N48 33-2 * F1 NNN49 35 * M1 50 36 * F1 N51 37 * M1 N52 38 * F1 53 39 * M1 ?54 40 * F1 3 N55 41 * M1 3 N N56 42 * M1 ?57 43 * F1 SSSS < >
F153 ?
1
6
217 179 * F5
218 180 * F5< > M2
219 181 * M2 8' '220 182 * F5 2221 183 * M2
6 1 F5M2
7
51 47 * F6 ?52 48 * F6 ?53 49 * M2 654 50 * F6
7 ? F6 M2F6 ?
511
8
55 51 * F6 ?56 52 * F6 7' '?57 53 * M2 858 54 * F6
8 71
9
314 242-a / M2 //,,
315 242-b / M2 NN //,,
316 242-c * M2NNN
317 243 * F6318 244 * F6 ?319 245 * M2 3320 246 * F6 NN
9 7 8 ?1
10
385 300 * F6 ?386 301 * M2 2387 302 * F6 388 303 * M2 < > N
101 385
?
11
16 15 * YM7 ?17 16 * YM8 18 17 * YM7 < > ?
19 18 * YM8 ? <YM7 >20 19 * YM7
11
YM7 ?
1
12
56 56 * YM03 ?57 57 * BF11
58 58 * BF11
121
1 12/122 0/17
3
14.
1 TUFS
1
60 58 * OF04
61 59 * BF12
62 60 * OF04
63 61 * OF04
64 62 * BF12 < >{<}
65 63 * OF04
< >{>}
< >
66 64 * BF12
OF04 BF12
2
156 151 * JB1 < ?>{>}157 152 * JB1158 153 * JI1 ?159 154 * JB1
160 155 * JB1
161 156 * JI1 ?162 157 * JB1 < >{<}163 158 * JI1 < >{>} ?164 159 * JB1
157 160163
15
/TUFS D- BTS
2
D-
1 1 * ?2 2 * 3 3 * ?4 4 *
5 5 *
6 6 * 7 7 * 10 ?8 8 * 9 9 *
D-3
14
7 1
3 57
1
1 2 1
1
41 39-1 / OF01 ,,42 40 * JBM01 < >{<} ?
43 39-2 * OF01< >{>} < >< >
44 41 * JBM01 < > ?45 42 * OF01 5
46 43 * JBM01?
< >
47 44 * OF01 < >{<}
48 45 * JBM01 < >{>}
1 7
8 9
OF01 46 JBM01?
1
2
2
11 11 * 0912 12 * 0913 13 * 09
14 14 * 09 1
15 15 * 09 3<2 >
16 16 * 09 < >17 17 * 09 < >
0914 09 1
1
2
1 12 1309 14
16.
1 26 224 3 15
1 2
1 1
1
5 5 * OM016 6-1 / JBM02 ,,7 7 * OM01 < >{<}8 6-2 * JBM02 < >{>}9 8 * OM01
2 2
2
15 15 * JBM02 / /16 16 * YF0117 17 * YF0118 18 * JBM02 [ ]19 19 * YF01
YF01 1915 JBM02
?
3 3
3
3 3 * YF01 YF014 4 * YF01 < >{<}5 5 * BF03 < >{>}6 6 * BF03 ?7 7 * YF018 8 * BF03 ?9 9 * YF01
10 10 * BF03
4 3
4
1 1 * P03 S052 2 * S05 ?< >3 3 * P03 < >{<}4 4 * S05 < ? >{>} < ? ?>{<}
5 5 * P03 < ? >{>}?
S05
1992 792
1992
1992
17.
? … ?1 30
1 11 BF03 30 SF01 30 2
50 45 * SF01 ?
51 46 * BF03
52 47 * BF03 < >
12
2 BF12 30 OM04 40 2
7 7 * OM04 ?8 8 * BF12 < >{<}9 9 * OM04 < >{>} ?
10 10 * BF12
11 11 * BF12 / 4 /
…< >
12 12 * OM04 ?13 13 * BF12 14 14 * OM0415 15 * BF12 < >{<}
16 16 * OM04 < >{>} ?
17 17 * BF12
18 18 * BF12 < >
19 19 * OM04 <>
20 20 * BF12 21 21 * OM0422 22-1 / BF12 < >{<},,23 23 * OM04 < >{>} < >{<}24 22-2 * BF12 < >{>} ?25 24 * OM0426 25 * BF12
27 26 * OM04
28 27 * BF12 29 28 * OM04
30 29 * BF12 / /< >{<}
31 30 * OM04 < >{>}32 31 * BF12
33 32 * BF12 / 3 / <
>{<}
34 33 * OM04 < >{>}35 34 * BF12
2 3
18
21 1 2
1 1
BTS 2 120 2 26 3 1
20034
3
1
1
32 30 * BF12 ?
33 31 * SF05
34 32 * SF05 < >
35 33 * BF12
36 34 * SF05
37 35 * BF12
38 36 * SF05
BF12 SF05BF12 33
33 34 SF05
2
2
28 27 * BF03 ? < ?>{<}
29 28-1 / OF01< >{>}
,,
30 29 * BF03 ?31 28-2 * OF0132 30 * BF03
33 31 * OF0134 32 * OF01 3
OF01 BF03
20037 2003 10 11
19.
25 928 14
TIJ
N. // / /
15
151 18 2 1
3 1
1 1
1
46 45 * BF03 < ?>{<}47 46 * OM01 < >{>}
48 47 * OM01
49 48 * BF0350 49 * OM01 < >{<}
BF03 OM112
2
59 53 * JBM03 ?
< >{<}
60 54 * YF01 < >{>}61 55 * YF0162 56 * JBM03 < >
63 57 * YF01
64 58 * YF01
65 59 * JBM03 [ ]
3 23 02 20 02 20 2
1 1 * 02
2 2 * 02 < >3 3 * 02 < > ?
4 4 * 02
5 5 * 02
4 34 15 20 15 20 2
1 1 * 15
2 2-1 / 15 < >{<},,3 3 * 15 < >{>}
4 2-2 * 15
5 4 * 156 5 * 157 6 * 15 < ?>{<}
8 7 * 15 < >{>}
19981994
1996 1TIJ
20.
V. /N. / / / /
1 15
1 1
1
10 10 * SM04 / 3 / ?11 11 * BF11 < >12 12 * BF11 ?
13 13 * SM04
14 14 * BF11 ?< >15 15 * SM0416 16 * BF11 < >{<}17 17 * SM04 < >{>}
18 18 * SM04
19 19 * BF11 20 20 * SM0421 21 * BF11
22 22 * BF11 ?
23 23 * SM04 < >
V.
2
2
25 24 * YM9 ?26 25 * YM1027 26 * YM9 < >28 27 * YM10 < >29 28 * YM9 30 29 * YM1031 30 * YM932 31 * YM10 < >{<}33 32 * YM9 < >{>}34 33 * YM9 35 34 * YM1036 35 * YM937 36 * YM10 <2 >
N V14
9 N38 38 V
VV
V.1 2 V
19981994
21.
2
1
1
168 126-a / F1 N NNN //,,169 126-b * F1 NNN170 127 * M1 ?171 128 * F1 < >
2 OM01
2
60 56 2 / OM015
,,
61 57 * JBM0362 58 * OM0163 56-3 * OM01 4
64 59 * JBM03<##
>{<}
65 60-1 / OM01< >{>}
2 ,,
66 61 * JBM03 < >{<}67 60-2 * OM01 < >{>}68 62 * JBM03
3 3
3
39 30 * OF3 < >{>} =40 31 * OF3 = =
41 32 * OF3=
< >{<}
42 33 * OF4 < >{>}
43 34-1 / OF3 ,,
44 35 * OF4 45 34-2 / OF3 ,,46 36 * OF4
OF03
22.40
BTS2
4
1 41 2 1
1 3
1 BM04 OM24
72 70 * BM04
73 71 * OM24 7 ?74 72 * BM0475 73 * OM24
76 74 * BM04
77 75 * OM24 #78 76 * BM04
1 BM04 7 OM24BM04
OM24 OM24BM04
?
2 09 09
1 1 * 09 TOEIC2 2 * 09 ?3 3 * 09
2 TOEIC 09TOEIC 09 ?
0909 ? ?
?
23.40
BTS2
BTS2
1
172 160 * M4<2
>
173 161-a / M4 //,,
174 161-b / M4 //,,175 161-c / M4 //,,
176 161-d / M4 N N //,,
177 161-e * M4178 162 * M4179 163 * M3 ?180 164 * M4181 165 * M3
1172 M4
M4
2
13 11-1 / BF19,,
14 12 * OF5015 11-2 * BF19 ?16 13 * OF50
2 13BF19 OF50
23
3
72 71 * BF12
73 72 * OM04
74 73 * BF1275 74 * OM04
373 OM04
…
24.BTS 2
2… …
5919 40
1 59 5650
3 3 50
1 5619 37
…
1 1 …
25 23 * J1<
>{<}
26 24 * JB1 < >{>}
27 25 * JB1
28 26 * J1
29 27 * JB1 < >{<}
30 28 * J1 < >{>}31 29 * J132 30 * JB1
2 1
4 4 * 05
5 5 * 05
6 6 * 05
…… 3 3
3
383 286 * M3< >{>}
384 287 * M2
385 288 * M2386 289 * M2387 290 * M3 N
388 291 * M2
389 292 * M3 N390 293 * M2391 294 * M3
M2… …
BTS 2
1 …… …
25BTS 2
37
[ ] ? [ ] ?
51
3 602 2 40
1 3 [ ] ? [ ] ?3? NN
< >{<} 3
2 2
N5
1 1 2 2
1 1
232 210 * M3
233 211 * M4234 212-a / M3 2 3 //,,235 212-b * M3 10236 213-a / M3 NN //,,237 213-b / M3 =//,,238 213-c * M3 =239 214-a / M3 NN =//,,240 214-b * M3 =241 215 * M3 N242 216 * M3 M4243 217 * M4 ?244 218 * M3245 219 * M3246 220 * M4247 221 * M3248 222 * M4
249 223 * M3
250 224 * M4251 225 * M4 ?
252 226 * M3
253 227 * M4 ?254 228 * M3 NN255 229 * M4 ?256 230 * M3 S
257 231 * M4 ?
258 232 * M3 259 233 * M4 260 234 * M3 N
2 2
366 332 * M4367 333 * M3368 334 * M4 ?369 335 * M3370 336 * M4
371 337 * M3
372 338 * M4 N
373 339 * M4N
374 340 * M3375 341 * M4376 342 * M4377 343 * M3
378 344 * M4
379 345 * M3 ####
380 346-1 / M4 „
381 347 * M3 < >382 346-2 * M4383 348 * M3
BTS 2
[ ] ? [ ] ?[ ]
2640
BTS 2
20 14
1 63
20 14 61 13 1
3
1 34
7
1 1 BF03 30 OF01 40 2
56 53-1 / OF011
,,
57 54 * BF0358 53-2 * OF01
59 55 * OF01
60 56 * OF0161 57 * BF03 < >{<}
62 58-1 / OF01< >{>}
,,
63 59 * BF03 64 58-2 * OF0165 60 * OF01
1 OF01BF03 OF01
BF 031
1OF01 BF03
1 2 BF03 30 SM01 30 2
54 52 * SM01
55 53 * BF03
56 54 * BF03
57 55 * BF03 < >
58 56 * BF03
59 57 * BF03
60 58 * SM0161 59 * BF03
2 SE01
BF03
21
3 3
2?
3
3 3 BM12 20 SM44 20 2
1 1 * BM12 ?
2 2 * SM44 < >{<}3 3 * BM12 < >{>} ?4 4 * SM445 5 * BM12 ?6 6 * SM447 7 * BM128 8 * SM449 9 * SM44
10 10 * BM1211 11 * BM1212 12 * SM4413 13 * BM12
3 BM12 SM44SM44
BM12
27BTS 2
[ ] ? [ ]? [ ]
6060 [ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]
1 60 56 93%2 60 4 7%
1 21 BF20
1
1 1-a / BF20 SF47 //,,2 1-b * BF203 2 * SF47
4 3 * BF20 ?
5 4 * SF47 < >{<}
6 5 * BF20 < >{>} ?
7 6 * SF478 7 * BF20 ?
9 8 * SF4710 9-1 / BF20 ,,
11 10 * SF4712 9-2 / BF20 ,,
13 11 * SF4714 12 * SF47 < >{<}
15 9-3 * BF20 < >{>}
16 13 * SF47
1 15 BF20 < >{>}16 SF47
SF47 BF20 <>{>}1 [ ] ?
22 BF02 SF02
2
1 1-a / BF02 < > //,,2 1-b / BF02 1 ,,3 2 * SF02 4 1-c / BF02 1 //,,5 3 * SF02 6 1-d * BF02 SF02 ?7 4 * SF02 ?8 5 * BF02 9 6 * SF02 < >
10 7 * BF02 11 8 * SF02 < ? >{<}12 9 * BF02 < >{>}
2 11 SF02 ?SF02
BF02[ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]
41 6
SF02 SF022004 1
p.327
4 3 75 SF02?
p.327 Hearer Orientation
4 4 1004
[ ] ? [ ] ? [ ]
2004 TUFSBTS 2
3 121 COE
323-341.
28
… … … …BTS
2 1 3
1
BTS 21
1. 1. …1 BF03 SM01
22 22 * SM01 ?23 23 * BF0324 24 * SM01
25 25 * BF03 < >
26 26 * SM0127 27-1 SM01 < >{<},,28 28 * BF03 < >{>}29 27-2 * SM01 ?
30 29 * BF03
<>
31 30 * SM0132 31 * BF03
1. 2. …2 JBM03 OF01
37 33-1 / OF01< >{<},,
38 34 * JBM03 < >{>}39 35 * JBM03 < >{<}40 36 * OF01 < >{>} [ ]
41 33-2 * OF01' '
< >{<}
42 37 * JBM03 < >{>}43 38 * OF0144 39 * JBM03
1. 3. …3 F2 F3
147 121-a / F3 N //,,
148 121-b * F3 N
149 122-a / F3 ?? N //,,150 122-b / F3 N //,,151 122-c / F3 N //,,
152 122-d * F3 N
153 123 * F3
154 124 * F2 F3 ?
1. 4. …4 BF12 OF04
65 63 * OF04/ /< >
66 64 * BF12 67 65 * OF0468 66 * BF12 69 67 * OF0470 68 * BF12
71 69-1 / OF04 ,,
72 70 * BF12
73 69-2 * OF04
74 71 * BF12 < >{<}
2. …5 BF11 OM04
101 93 * BF11 / 3 /
< ?>{<}
102 94 * OM04< >{>}< >{<}
103 95 * BF11 < >{>}< >
104 96 * OM04
105 97 * OM04 < >{<}
106 98 * BF11 < >{>}
107 99-1 / OM04 < >{<},,108 100 * BF11 < >{>}< >{<}109 99-2 / OM04 < >{>} ,,
110 101 * BF11 < >{<} OM04
111 99-3 * OM04< >{>}
112 102 * BF11 < >{<}
3. …6 BF11 SF04
65 62 * SF04 < >
?
66 63-1 / BF11 ,,
67 64 * SF04 68 65 * BF11 =69 63-2 * BF11 =
4. …7 BF11 OF04
15 15 * OF04
16 16 * BF11 < >17 17-1 / OF04 < >{<},,18 18-1 / BF11 <####>{>},,19 17-2 * OF04 < >{<}20 18-2 * BF11 < >{>}< >{<}
21 19-1 / OF04< >{>}
< >{<}< >,,
22 20 * BF11 < >{>}<
>#####
23 19-2 * OF04
24 21 * BF11 25 22 * OF0426 23 * BF11
5. …8 BF12 YF03
17 17-1 / BF12 ,,
18 18 * YF0319 17-2 * BF12 < >{<}
20 19 * YF03
< >{>}
< >
21 20 * BF12
22 21-1 / BF12 ,,
23 22 * YF0324 21-2 * BF12 < >25 23 * YF03
2BTS 2
2
9 BF12 YM03
60 57 * YM03
61 58 * YM0362 59 * YM03
63 60 * BF12 ? <2
>
64 61 * BF12 ?65 62 * YM03
66 63 * YM03
29.
TUFSD- BTS 2
D-
1 1 *
2 2 *
3 3 * 4 4 * 5 5 * 6 6 * 7 7 *8 8 *
D-
4-6 7
1
1 3 21
1BF14 YF39
BF14
1 1 * BF14 ' '1 ?
2 2 * YF393 3 * BF14 ?
4 4-1 / BF14 ' ' ,,
5 5 * YF396 4-2 * BF14 ?7 6 * YF398 7 * BF14
9 8 * YF39
10 9 * BF1411 10 * YF39 < >
BF14 1YF39
BF144 BF14
BF14
291
D
3
3YM9 YM10
113 111 * YM9?
114 112 * YM10 ?115 113 * YM9116 114 * YM10 JM3
113 115113YM9
113 115
3
30.BTS 2
[ ]?
8 BTS2
3
18 4 50
3 84 50
1 4 [ ] ?
4
1 1 1
1
1 1 * BF15 ?
2 2 * SF31 ?
3 3 * BF15
4 4 * SF31 ?5 5 * BF15 6 6 * SF31 7 7 * BF15 8 8 * SF31 < >{<}9 9 * BF15 < >{>}10 10 * SF31 11 11 * BF15 ?12 12 * SF31 13 13 * SF31 14 14 * BF15
1 BF15 SF31? SF31
3 4 [ ] ?
4 1 25 2 50
3 2
2
174 148-1 / OF5 ,,
175 149 * OF6 176 148 * OF5 =
177 150 * OF5 =
178 151 * OF6
179 152 * OF5
[ ]
" ?"" "
180 153-1 / OF5 ,,
181 154-1 / OF6 ,,182 153-2 * OF5 < >{<}183 154-2 * OF6 < ?>{>} [ ]184 155 * OF6 < >{<}
185 156-1 / OF5 < >{>}
< >{<},,
186 157 * OF6 < >{>} < >{<}
187 156-2 * OF5 < >{>}
2 OF5" ?" "
"
3
3 [ ] ?
192 190 * JB1 < >{>}
193 191 * J1< >
?<2 >
194 192 * JB1
3 J1 < >? [ ] ?
?
[ ] ?J1
< > ? JB1
BTS 2
4[ ] ?
4
[ ] ?
31.
2
1
6 6 * BF03 < ?>{<}
7 7 * OF01 < >{>}
8 8 * OF01<
>{<}
9 9 * BF03 < >{>}
10 10 * BF03<
>{<}
11 11 * OF01 < >{>}12 12 * BF03 <2 >
2
9 9 * BF12 ?10 10 * SF05 11 11 * BF12 < >{<}12 12 * SF05 < >{>}13 13 * BF12
14 14 * BF12 <>
15 15 * SF05 ?
BF12
2
388
1982
32.40
BTS 2 TUFSD-
D-
1 1 * 2 2 * ?
3 3 *
4 4 *
5 5 *
6 6 *
7 7 * [ ]
D-
1
D- 1 2004
2 3BTS 21 3/13 3 10/13
1
1 1
160 154-1 / YM10 ,,161 155 * YM9162 154-2 * YM10
163 156 * YM9
164 157 * YM10 ?165 158 * YM9 < >166 159 * YM9167 160-1 / YM10 ,,168 161 * YM9
1YM10 ? YM9
1 YM9
YM9
3
3 < >< > < > <
>< >{>}< >
3
3 2
345 316 * YM5 < >346 317-1 / YM6 < > ,,347 318 * YM5 < >{<}
348 317-2 * YM6< >{>}
?
349 319 * YM5 < >< {<}
350 320 * YM6< >< >{>}
351 321 * YM6352 322 * YM5 < >
2 YM5 YM6
2004 BTS2
121 COE
301-322.
33.BTS 2
[ ] [ ]
141
7 503 7
501 7
77 5 72 2 18
1992 223
1
161 155 * YF3 < >162 156 * YF4 < >{<}=163 157 * YF3 < >{>}< >{<}164 158 * YF4 =< >{>}165 159 * YF4 ?<YF3 >
3 7 3
3 2
2 3
110 97-1 / YM1 < >{>}
,,
111 99 * YM2
112 97-2 * YM1
113 100 * YM1 [ ]114 101 * YM2 ?
115 102 * YM1
116 103 * YM2 < >117 104 * YM1 118 105-1 / YM1 < >{<},,119 106 * YM2 < >{>} < >{<}
120 105-2 * YM1 < >{>}
2 33
BTS 2
1992
34.
?
10
1 5 502 4 40%
3 1 101 7 ?
1 1
1 1
17 15 * JBM03JBM03
1
18 16 * YM01 119 17 * JBM03 <2 >20 18 * YM01 < >{<}21 19-1 / JBM03 < >{>} ,,22 20 * YM01 <2 >23 21 * YM0124 22 * JBM0325 23 * YM01
26 19-2 * JBM03
22
34 / /[ ]
1 JBM03YM01
2 2
2 2
74 55 * M4 M3 <2 >75 56 * M4
76 57 * M2 M3
77 58 * M4 78 59 * M2 79 60 * M4 N N
80 61 * M4M2 <2
>
81 62 * M2
82 63 * M4
83 64 * M4M3
84 65 * M2 85 66 * M4
2M4 M3 <2 >
M3M2 M3
M4 M2M3
33
3 3
290 200 * M2
291 201-a / M3 S S "
"//,,
292 201-b / M3 N
//,,
293 201-c * M3"
" < >
294 202-1 / M3 " " ,,295 203 * M2 296 202-2 * M3
3 "" < >
3BTS 2
35. /BTS 2
/
36.BTS 2
37.advice Brown and Levinson 1987
Negative Face Face Threatening ActA
A Brown and Levinson, 1987: 66
TUFSBTS 2
BTS 2
25
[ ] /[ ] [ ] /[ ] /
TUFS 37
BTS 2BTSJ
BTS 27
37 2
12 1 5 2 2
1 1 20 J220 JB2 4
1 1
204 195 * J2 ?205 196 * J2
206 197 * J2 < >{<}
207 198 * JB2 < >{>}208 199 * J2 ?209 200 * JB2 ?210 201 * J2
211 202 * J2
212 203 * JB2
213 204 * J2 ?214 205 * JB2
215 206 * JB2
NAACIS
216 207 * J2
217 208 * JB2 <>{<}
218 209 * J2 < >{>}219 210 * J2 <2 >
JB2 J2
12 2 20 JFB 5
JMO
2 2
65 64 * JMO
66 65 * JFB
67 66 * JMO
68 67 * JMO
69 68 * JMO
70 69 * JMO
"" <2 >
##
71 70 * JFB < >{<}72 71 * JMO < >{>}73 72 * JFB < >
2 JMO JFB
2
72
TUFS
3 TUFS
1 1 * 2 2 * 3 3 * 4 4 * 5 5 *6 6 * 7 7 * 8 8 *
9 9 *10 10 * 11 11 *
TUFS2 BTS
2
1TUFS
Brown and Levinson 1987FTA TUFS
2 FTA
1
Brown, P. ,& Levinson, S.C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38.
BTS
25
1 4 903
1 101 4 1 25
2 50% 1 25%[ ]
1
1
24 23 * F2 <2 >25 24 * F2 < >{<}
26 25-1 / F3< >{>}
N //,,
27 25-2 * F3" "
N
28 26 * F2 1
29 27-1 / F3 ,,30 28 * F231 27-2 * F3 4 532 29-1 / F3 ,,33 30 * F2 ?34 29-2 / F3 ,,35 31 * F236 29-3 * F337 32 * F238 33 * F339 34 * F2 ?40 35 * F341 36 * F2 < >42 37 * F2
43 38 * F344 39 * F2
1 2
1
2
241 219 * YM5 < >{>}242 220 * YM6 243 221 * YM5 244 222 * YM6 245 223 * YM6 246 224 * YM5247 225 * YM6 < > ?248 226-1 / YM5 [ ] ,,249 227 * YM6 250 226-2 * YM5 251 228 * YM6 252 229 * YM5 253 230 * YM6
2 YM05
3 3
3
138 125 * OF04139 126 * BF11 < >
140 127 * OF04" "
<2 >
141 128 * OF04142 129 * OF04
143 130 * BF11 < >
144 131 * OF04 < >
3 OF04 " "
BF11
BTS 2
39.40 39
BTS2
20002004
1
23 39
18 1
< >< >{<}
1
1
1 YF4 YF3
158 152 * YF4
159 153 * YF3<
?>{<}
160 154 * YF4 < >{>}161 155 * YF3 < >162 156 * YF4 < >{<}=163 157 * YF3 < >{>}< >{<}164 158 * YF4 =< >{>}
1YF4 YF3 161 163
11
2 PO1 SO1
1 1 * PO1 < >2 2 * SO1 < >
3 3 * PO1
4 4 * SO1 ?
5 5 * PO1
6 6 * SO1 ?
2 1 3
PO1
3
2000 2136-143.
2004 BTS2
121 COE
301-322.
40.BTS 2
23
1.
1999a1999b
1997
2.Brown & Levinson 1987
2. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987Brown and Levinson 1987
FTA FaceThreatening Acts FTA FT P
Power D Social DistanceRx x rating of imposition
3 FTFT
2. 2.
1974
p.44
p.34 1988
1999
1998
FTA FaceThreatening Acts
1998 47 Boxer and Cortes-Conde 1997
RID: Relational Identity Display
p.282 1985
3.
20
4.
4. 2. FT FT
4Cohen’s Kappa Bakeman and Gottman 1986
1
1 8 1 6 1
n.d. 0.72003
4. 1.
BTSJ Basic Transcription System for Japanese2003 F Female M Male
4. 2. 1. 2 1
1: M2 M1M01
369
366 M01 367 M02
368 M01 < > < >
369 M02 < > < >
4. 2. 2. FTFT
FT FTAlbert 1992 Albert et. al 1996 Boxer and Cortes-Conde 1997
Hay 2000 Straehl 1993 1999 FT
1997p.89
FT
FTFT FT
2 BTSJ
2003
2: FT M12 M11 11
565 M12 566 M11 567 M11 568 M12 569 M12 < >570 M12 ,,571 M11 572 M12 < >
4. 2. 3. FTFT FT
FT
s FTFT
iFT
3: FT FT M03 M04M04 FT
429 M03 < > M04
430 M03 431 M04 432 M04 [M04 ]< >
433 M03 < > s
434 M03
4: FTM06 FT 3
M05 M05503
498 M06 < > i
499 M05
500 M06 501 M06 < >{<},,
502 M05 < >{>}
503 M06 ?504 M05 ?505 M06 ?= [ ]
4. 2. 4.
2002
3 2002FTA FTA FT
FTA FT
3 FT
5
m 6n 7
p m 8
5:M09 M10
263 M10 < >{>} 5
264 M09< > < ><2 > p
265 M09 < > < > p
266 M09< >
<2 > p
267 M09 ' '
268 M09 < >{<}
269 M10 < >{>} < >{<}
6: 06 05M05
M05
498 M06 < > m
499 M05 500 M06 501 M06 < >{<},,
502 M05 < >{>}
7:M05 M06
132 M06
""
" "
133 M05 < > n134 M06 135 M05 136 M06
8:M01
M02 M02
205 M01< >
< > <2>
p-n
206 M01 < >{<}< >
207 M02 < >{>}
< >
208 M01 ?< >
209 M02 [ M01
]
4. 3. 9
3 3
9:
263 M10 < >{>}5
264 M09< > <
> <2 > s p
265 M09 < > < > s p
266 M09<
> <2 > s p
267 M09 ' '
268 M09 < >{<}
269 M10 < >{>} <
>{<}
5.5.1. 5.2.
5. 1. 10 20 10 20 1
4 18 261 5
1. 1
10 10 20 230 236 466
1 23.6 24.3 23.9 7125 7917 15042
1 712.5 791.7 752.1
28 40 28 3320 20 21 38 6 1052
528
5. 2. 2 =0.72
1 1
2.
97 39.6% 148 60.4% 245 100.0% 4.9 7.4 6.1
5.28 7.37 6.88
09 29 04 170
= 1.26 0.05
4 M025
6 20
10 11 M10 10 M1011 10
M10269 271
275 M1011 M10
M09
10: M10243 269 271
246275
243 M10 30 < > [ M09
]
244 M09 5245 M10 246 M10 45247 M09 248 M10 249 M09 < >{<}250 M10 < >{>} ####251 M09 252 M09 253 M10 [ ]254 M10 < >{<}
13
267 M09 ' '
268 M09 < >{<}269 M10 < >{>} < >{<}270 M09 < >{>}
271 M10 272 M09 < >273 M09274 M09 =
275 M10 =
11: M09 M10
436 M10 6
437 M09 438 M10 < >{<}439 M09 < >{>}440 M10 < >{<}441 M09 < >{>}442 M10 [ ]443 M09 444 M10 445 M09 446 M10 447 M09 448 M09
1994 1997
5. 3. FTFT =0.80 3
FT
3. FT FT
218 89.0% 245 100.0%5.45 6.15.92 6.88
3 89 FT4
1 1
4. FT
FT FT
94 96.9% 97 100.0% 124 84.4% 148 100.0% 4.7 4.9 6.2 7.4
5.31 5.28 6.52 7.37
4 FT 96.984.4 FT
FTFT
5. FT
FT FT
4 4.1% 97 100.0% 24 16.2% 148 100.0% 0.2 4.9 1.2 7.4
0.52 5.28 1.91 7.37
FTM10 66.7 M8 FT
FT
570 M10 ,,
[ ]
571 M09 ,,572 M10 < >{<}< >573 M09 < >{>} < > c s 574 M09 < > c
575 M09 " "
13:M06
703 M06
" M06
"
704 M05 c
705 M06
""
BoA "< >
"
FT12 13
12:M10
M10
706 M06 ,,707 M05 < >{<} c708 M06 < >{>}709 M06
FTFT
FT13
FTFT
5. 4. FTFT 6 1
=0.80 FT
6. FT
i i FT
151 69.3% 51 23.4% 16 7.3% 218 100.0% 3.8 1.3 0.4 5.5
4.17 1.91 0.96 5.92 FT
1. FT FT
FTFT 6 1
94 FT s6 1 FT 69.3
FTi FT
FT 6 1 i30.7
30.7 FT i7.3%
6 7 8 FT
7. FT
i iFT
64 68.1% 25 26.6% 5 5.3% 94 100.0% 3.2 1.3 0.3 4.7
3.40 1.94 0.55 5.31
8. FT
i iFT
87 70.2% 26 21.0% 11 8.9% 124 100.0% 4.4 1.3 0.6 6.2
4.85 1.92 1.23 6.52
7 8²=1,676 > , 0.05, 2 =5.99 FT
FT
FT14 M01 205
M02 M01 M02212 FT
FTFT 14 FT
5. 5. 9
=0.80 9 2
14: FT
205 M01 < > <> <2 >
s,i
206 M01 < >{<}< >
207 M02 < >{>}
< >
208 M01 ?< >
209 M02 [
M01 ]
210 M01 <
>
211 M02
212 M01 [
]
214 M02 =215 M02 = < >216 M01 < >
217 M01 ""
218 M02
9.
p n m n m
73 29.8% 159 64.9% 4 1.6% 8 3.3% 1 0.4%
3.5 5.1 2 2.7 1.0
2.44 4.53 0 1.15
n p n m m p m
0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 245 100.0%
6.1
6.88
929.8 9 2
2 5
109
10. p n p n m p m
73 29.8% 167 68.2% 5 2.0% 245 100.0% 3.5 5.4 3 6.1
2.44 4.81 6.88
1029.8 68.2
2.011 12
11.
p np n
mp m
32 33.0% 62 63.9% 3 3.1% 97 100.0% 4.9 4.4 3.0 4.9
2.43 2.95 5.28
12.
p np n
mp m
41 27.7% 105 70.9% 2 1.4% 148 100.0% 4.1 6.2 2.0 7.4
2.42 5.91 7.37
11 12
=2.16 < , 0.05, 2 = 5.99
15:M01373 M02
373 M01
374 M02
375 M01
376 M02 [
]
377 M02< >
<2 > s p
378 M01
16:F01 F02 F02
531 534
530 F02 10 3531 F01 / / = s p532 F02 = <2 >533 F02 3 < >
534 F01 < > s p
535 F02 < >2
17 M02251 M01 M02
2 M013
17: 251253
254
248 M01 6
" M01" ,,
249 M02 < ?>{<}250 M01 < ><{>}
251 M02
M01
<M01 M02>
s p
252 M02 < > [ M01
]
253 M01 < > s p
254 M02< >" "< > s n
255 M01 ?
256 M02 ,,257 M01 7258 M02
6.
1 6.1
7
1995
7 2002 2002
1986
1
7.
1994 21 1-17.
2001 79-58
————— 2002 4 6 31 1012
————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese:BTSJ
13 14 C 24-21
19971997
32 84-1091998
TOKAI REVIEW 2343-56
————— 1999 Swear words Positive politeness TOKAI REVIEW 24 1-141995
163-187————— 1997
509-5212003
1314 C 2
87-98n.d. Cohen’s Kappa
http://japanese.human.metro-u.ac.jp/kokubun/jirom/kaiwa.html - 2k1988
22 77-931985 16-241974 2 3
29-52A 1986
Mehrabian.A. 1981 Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
1999a103 49-58
———— 1999b FTA 954-611999 28 11 30-33
Alberts, J. K. 1992. An inferential / strategic explanation for the social organization of teases. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 11-3, 153-177.
Alberts, J. K., Kellar-Guenther, Y., & Corman, S. R. 1996. That’s Not Funny: Understanding Recipients’ Responses to Teasing. Western Journal of Communication, 60-4, 337-357.
Bakeman R. & Gottman J. M. 1986 Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Boxer, D., & Cortes-Conde, F. 1997. Form bonding to biting: Conversational joking and identity display. Journal of Pragmatics, 27, 275-294.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. Hay, J. 2000. Functions of humor in the conversations of men and women. Journal of Pragmatics,
32, 709-742. Straehle, C. A. 1993. “Samuel?” ”Yes, dear?” Teasing and Conversational Rapport. In D, Tannen
ed. , Framing in discourse, New York: Oxford University Press, 210-229.
1.
Brown and Levinson 19872001; 2002
Brown and Levinson 1987face
positive facenegative face
2
2001; 2002
Brown and Levinson 1987disagreement
Face Threatening Act FTABrown and Levinson, 1987: 66 1
Holtgraves 1997Rees-Miller 2000
2.Brown and Levinson
Rees-Millers 2000
S AP P
Rees-Miller, 2000: 1088
3.
3. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987 FTA
distance powerrank of imposition 3
1
1. Brown and Levinson 1987 FTD distanceP power 20 29R rank of imposition
1 12
24 48
15
Basic Transcription Systemfor Japanese BTSJ 1997b; 2003a
3. 2.
3
1
A antecedentD disagreement
1
3. 3.
3
3. 3. 1. Brown and Levinson 1987
FTAFTA
2
1IF16 IF15
675 598 * IF15 < >
676 599 * IF16 677 600 * IF15
678 601 * IF16 4A
679 602 * IF15 4D 680 603 * IF16 681 604 * IF15
2
249 229 * UF02 < >
250 230 * UF01
251 231-1 / UF02 ,,
252 232 * UF01
253 231-2 * UF02 <2 >
254 233 * UF01 3A-1
255 234 * UF01 3A-2
256 235 * UF02 < >
3D
257 236 * UF01
258 237 * UF02 < >{<}
259 238 * UF01 < >{>}
3. 3. 2. Rees-Miller 2000
2
3.IF17
41 32 * IF18=
1A-1
42 33 * IF18=
1A-2
43 34 * IF18 ? 1A-3
44 35 * IF17
45 36 * IF18< ' ' >
{<}
46 37 * IF17< >{>}
1D
47 38 * IF18 ?48 39 * IF17 < >49 40 * IF18 ?50 41 * IF17 < >{<}
4.IF20
730 672 * IF19
731 673 * IF19 < > 10A
732 674 * IF20 <2 > 10D-1
733 675 * IF20 <2 > 10D-2
734 676 * IF19 < >
735 677 * IF20
736 678 * IF20 10D-3
737 679 * IF19 738 680 * IF20
3. 3. 3. Searle 1975 directive
5.IF20
739 681 * IF20740 682 * IF19741 683 * IF20 < ?>{<}742 684 * IF19 < ?>{>}
743 685 * IF20?
< >
744 686 * IF19 ? 11A
745 687-1 ⁄ IF20 < >,, 11D-1
746 688 * IF19 < >747 687-2 * IF20 11D-2748 689 * IF19
6.
46 36-2 * IF21 ??47 38-1 ⁄ IF21 ,,48 39 * IF22
49 38-2 ⁄ IF212
< >{<},,
50 40 * IF22 < >{>}51 38-3 * IF21 < >{<}
52 41 * IF22< >{>}
1A
53 42-1 ⁄ IF21,,
1D-1
54 43 * IF22
55 42-2 ⁄ IF21
1<
>{<},,
1D-2
56 44 * IF22 < >{>}
57 42-3 ⁄ IF21 < >{<},, 1D-3
58 45 * IF22 < >{>}
59 42-4 ⁄ IF21 ,, 1D-4
60 46 * IF22 < >{<}< >
61 42-5 * IF21< >{>}
<>{<}
1D-5
185 24 40Cohen's Kappa Bakeman and Gottman 1986
4.4.1
4.24.3
4. 1.
3-1.
1 1
12 240 20 6,691 557.6 12 262 22 6,517 543.1 24 502 21 12,711 550.3
12 240 120 27 12 4.86 12
262 1 22 31 15 5.8624 502 21 5.38
3-2.
1
12 94 7.83 4.0012 91 7.58 5.0224 185 7.26 4.54
12 94 1 7.83 18 34.00 12 91 1 7.58 19 3
5.02 24 185 7.714.54
4. 2. 4. 2. 1.
2-1.
12 84 89.4% 10 10.6% 947.00 0.83 4.08 1.34
2-2.
12 50 54.9% 41 45.1% 914.17 3.42 2.79 3.80
1.
89.4% 10.6%54.9%
45.1%
1
FTA distance
3.3.1 FTA
4. 2. 2.
Rees-Miller 2000 disagreementRees-Miller, 2000: 1098
distance
Brown and LevinsonClaim common ground Brown and Levinson, 1987:
103
distance
2.
3-1.
12 20 23.8% 64 76.2% 841.67 5.33 1.43 3.12
3-2.
12 18 36.0% 32 64.0% 501.50 2.67 1.12 2.09
4. 2. 3.
Searle 1975distance
3.
4-1.
12 52 61.9% 32 38.1% 844.33 2.67 2.62 2.53
4-2.
12 29 58.0% 21 42.0% 502.42 1.75 1.71 1.42
Grice 1989 1998 CooperativePrinciples
4.
5-1.
12 7 70.0% 3 30.0% 100.58 0.25 0.421.11 0.60 0.91
5-2.
12 27 73.0% 10 27.0% 372.45 0.91 1.68 3.23 1.44 2.62
2000
4. 3.
1
7 UF15 UF16 4
UF15 UF16
402 376-1 ⁄ UF15,,
403 377 * UF16 <2 >
404 376-2 * UF15
405 378 * UF15 < >{<}406 379 * UF16 < >{>}
407 380 * UF16 <>{<}
15A
408 381-1 ⁄ UF15< >
,, 15D-1
409 382 * UF16 ?=410 381-2 * UF15 = 15D-2
411 383-1 ⁄ UF15,,
15D-3
412 384 * UF16
413 383-2 * UF15 15D-4
414 385 * UF16
415 386 * UF15
UF16UF15 402 404
405 UF16407 UF15
408 410 411 413UF15
UF15 408UF16 ? 409 UF16
UF15
UF15
1993
11
8
339 321 * IF06 < >340 322 * IF06 < >{<}341 323 * IF05 < ?>{>}
342 324 * IF06343 325 * IF05 < >344 326 * IF06345 327 * IF05 < >
346 328 * IF05<2
> 12A
347 329 * IF06" "
12D
348 330 * IF05<2
>
IF05346 IF06
2IF05 346
343 345IF05
347 IF06
Zajdman 1995 FTAFTA FTA
8
5.
2
6.
4.2
1997 Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ
C 12-262001 7
49-58
2002 31(1)-31(5) 31(7)-31(13)2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese:
BTSJ
13-14 C (2)4-21
200030 27-33
P. 1998 Grice, P. 1989 Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press.
1995 12 (12) 4-10Bakeman, R. and Gottman, J. M. 1986. Observing interaction: an introduction to sequential
analysis. Cambridge University Press. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness– Some universals in language usage. New York:
Cambridge University Press. Holtgraves, T. 1997 Yes, but… Positive politeness in conversation arguments. Journal of Language
and Social Psychology, 16 (2) , 222-239. Rees-Miller, J. 2000. Power, severity, and context in disagreement. Journal of pragmatics, 32,
1087-1111.Searle, J. R. 1975. Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics:
speech act. Academic Press. 59-82. Zajdman, A. 1995. Humorous face threatening acts: humor as strategy. Journal of Pragmatics, 23,
325-339.
1.
J.V. 1999 47
1999: 107
2.
3.3. 1.
3. 2.
122003 3 12
2003 6
3. 3. 3. 3. 1.
2003 Basic Transcription System for JapaneseBTSJ 3 1
10
3. 3. 2.
1 Cameron, D. 2001. Working with Spoken Discourse. Sage Publications. p32
2001b 7POL POL POL
3. 3. 2. 1. 2
PRO Pronoun 2
panpani
VOC Vocative
panie profesorzepani
PRO 2 VOCVOC VOC
2
QUE Question
43 41 * JTF01 QUE
44 42 * JSF05
2 1988
109 93 * PTF03
y, teraz, y-, czyli, czyli okazuje si (mhm), eten s ownik si sprawdza, <tak??>{<}
QUE
110 94 * PSF03 <tak>{>}
3. 3. 2. 2. 2001b 7
POLS Super-polite formP Polite-formN Non-polite formNM No-marker
POLP Polite-formN Non-polite formNM No-marker
POLF
CF FormalC Casual
3
DI Down-shift from Interlocutor F CUI Up-shift from Interlocutor C F
3 2001
4
IND IndicativeSUB Subjunctive
4 Nagórko 2001 89-91 113-114
POL POL POL
124 119 * JTF01 N N C
125 120 * JTF01 P P F
126 121 * JSF05 NM NM F
127 122 * JTF01 N N C DI
128 123 JSF05 NM NM F UI
129 124 * JTF01
JSF05
one of them
/ / VOC QUE P N C DI
IMP Imperative
HE Hearer 2 2
SP Speaker 1 1
SP HE Speaker Hearer 1
12 3
1. Czy przeczyta pan ju t ksi k ? HE
2. Zastanawiam si , czy ta ksi ka zosta a ju przeczytana SP
3. Czy ta ksi ka ju zosta a przeczytana
HE SPHE HE 4
4. Zastanawiam si , czy przeczyta pan ju t ksi k . HE
4 12
1 4 HE
HE SP SP HE HESP+HE SP
HE SP HE SP
5
1 1 * PSF08
A czy pan profesor ma ksi k , któr ,y-, w zesz ym tygodniu pan, nie chciami jej udost pni < miej c si lekko>, mówi < e komu po ycza >{<}
VOC QUE IND HE
2 2 * PTM03<o programach wyborczych>{>}
3 3 * PSF08O programach <wyborczych>{<}
4 4 * PTM03
<mam, prosz bardzo>{>}, czeka tutaj na pani
[ ]6 PRO IND SP
5
6 [ ]
HE Hearer 2 2
128 100 * PTF01<pani nie ma>{>} poczty elektronicznej?
PRO QUE IND HE
SP HE Speaker +Hearer 1
7 6 * PTF03
[g boki oddech] bo w a nie no, zastanówmy si y, o czym ta mapa < wiadczy>{<}
[ ]IMP
SP+
HE
SP Speaker 1 1
105 79 * PSF01w a nie tak my la am
IND SP
5 5 * PSF08
to, gdzie w niedziel , w przysz ymtygodniu bym panu (tak) odda a
PRO SUB SP
6 6 * PTM03rosz tam <zerkn >{<}
IMP
4.4. 1.
1
1.
JP 1354 1236 PL 1455 1238
2809 2474
4. 2. 4. 2. 1.
VOC PRO2
2 3
2.
T SVOC 3 0,24% 2 0,16%PRO 2 12 0,97% 0 0%
15 1,21% 2 0,16%
3.
T SVOC 7 0,57% 17 1,37%PRO 2 196 15,83% 2 0,16%
203 16,40% 19 1,53%
4. 2. 2. 4
4.
T SJP 129 10,4% 19 1,5%PL 151 12,2% 62 5,0%
4. 2. 3.
2 PROHE
3
4. 3. 4. 3. 1. 4. 3. 1. 1.
T SDI UI
DIUI
DI UI12 6
DI UI
DI UI 1-1
DIDI DI DI
UI UI UIUI
DI UI
DI
UI
T1 S2 T3 S5 T4 S6 DIUI UI DI
T1 S1T2 S3 T2 S4
4. 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 1.
HESP SP+HE
HE
SPHE
SP
SP HE 1,6 0,4
Brown and Levinson 1987127 S H
1212 6
HE SP
HE HESP SP
HE SP
4. 3. 2. 2.
SUB10 7 3
5.5. 1.
5. 2. 1997 48
1997 45 46
1997: 56
1997: 57
HESP
6.
2
3
1998119-153
1995662 27-42
2001a7
9-582001b
6 1-29
2003a1 7 12
2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese BTSJ
13-14 24-21
199745-76
19982002
J.V. 1999
Brown, P., & Levinson, S.C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Comrie, B. 1976. Linguistic politeness axes: speaker-addressee, speaker-referent, speaker-bystander.Pragmatics Microfiche 1.7:A3. Dept of Linguistics, Univ. of Cambridge.
Ide, S. 1989. Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua, 8, 223-248.
Usami, Mayumi. 2002. Discourse Politeness in Japanese Conversation Some Implications for a Universal Theory of Politeness. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo
Grzegorczykowa, R. Laskowski, R. Wróbel, H. 1984. Gramatyka wspó czesnego j zyka polskiego. Morfologia. Warszawa
Grzegorczykowa, R. 2001. “Kategorie gramatyczne.” w: Wspó czesny j zyk polski pod red. J Bartmi skiego. Lublin: Wyd. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sk odowskiej 453-467
Huszcza, R. 1996. Honoryfikatywno : Gramatyka, Pragmatyka, Typologia. Warszawa:Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog
Jab o ski, A. 1998. “Japo ska grzeczno -nauczanie japo skich wyra e grzeczno ciowych z j zykiem polskim jako ród owym – zestaw postulatów.” w: Japonica(9). Warszawa: Zak adJaponistyki i Koreanistyki, Instytut Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski. 143-157
Nagórko, A. 2001. Zarys gramatyki polskiej (ze s owotwórstwem). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN
1.
2.
1993 1992
Schegloff&Sacks 1973
3.3. 1.
210
3. 2.
1020
10 1020 10 10 40
80
3. 3.
45
5
15500
<Ring>R: Hello C: Hello Ida? R: Yeah C: Hi,= This is Carla R: Hi Carla C: How are you R: Okay C: Good.= R: =How about you. C: Fine. Don wants to know ….
Hopper 1992: 52
1 23
1
2
3 4
C:R:
3. 4. 106
Basic Transcription System for Japanese2003 2003 BTSJ
3. 5. 1993 1992 1992
1990 3
C:R:
C:R:C:
1 2 31 2
1
2
3. 5. 3. 5. 1. 3. 5. 1. 1.
Caller CReceiver R
1
1 1 * TMR06
3. 5. 1. 2. Hopper 1992 1994
19941994
1994
1994
2.
/
/ /?
?/ ?/?/ ?/
/ ?/?
? ? /? ? /
? ? /? ?
?? ? /
? ? /? ?
? ??
1994 1994
2 2 * TMC06 TMR06
TMR06 C
3 3 * TMR06 TMC06 =
TMC06 = R
1994
1994
2
1 1 * JMR04 2 2 * JMC04 JMR04 C3 3 * JMR04 4 4 * JMC04 JMC04 = C 5 5 * JMC04 = < >{<}6 6 * JMR04 < >{>}7 7 * JMR048 8 * JMC04 ?
4
1 1 * JFR10 ?2 2 * JFC10
3
1 1 * JMR06 2 2 * JMC06 3 3 * JMR06 4 4 * JMC06 < ?>{<}5 5 * JMR06 < >{>}6 6 * JMR06 7 7 * JMC06 =8 8 * JMR06 = =9 9 * JMC06 =< >{<}
3 3 * JFR104 4 * JFC10 =5 5 * JFC10 = ?6 6 * JFR10
5
1 1 * JFR06 2 2 * JFC06 JFR06 C3 3 * JFR06 4 4 * JFC06 ?5 5 * JFR06
6
1 1 * JFR04 2 2 * JFC04 3 3 * JFR04 4 4 * JFC04 JFR04 C5 5 * JFR04 < ?>{<}6 6 * JFC04 < JFC04 >{>} C 7 7 * JFC04 ?
8 8 * JFR04 #### [
]
9 9 * JFC04 ?
10 10 * JFR04
7
1 1 * JFR05 2 2 * JFC05 JFR05 C3 3 * JFR05 4 4 * JFC05 JFC05 C 5 5 * JFR05
6 6 * JFC05 7 7 * JFC05 ?8 8 * JFR05
81994a
3. 5. 2.
3. 5. 2. 1. 1994 1994
1994
1994
3.
A / / / / /ok
B / / /
C
D/
E
F
9 A
32 30 * JMC10 2 1 AC
33 31 * JMR10 34 32 * JMC10 < >{<} c 35 33 * JMR10 < >{>}36 34 * JMR10 37 35 * JMC10 38 36 * JMC10 39 37 * JMR10 40 38 * JMC10 41 39 * JMC10
10 B
66 65 * JMC04 AB67 66 * JMR04 < >{<}68 67 * JMC04 < >{>}69 68 * JMR04 70 69 * JMC04 71 70 * JMC04 =72 71 * JMR04 =
11 C
32 30 * JMC10 2 1 AC
13 E1991
14 F1998
33 31 * JMR10 34 32 * JMC10 < >{<} c 35 33 * JMR10 < >{>}36 34 * JMR10 37 35 * JMC10 38 36 * JMC10 39 37 * JMR10 40 38 * JMC10 41 39 * JMC10
12 D
59 58 * TMC08=
= AE
60 59-1 / TMC08 = < >{<},,
= < >{<},,
61 60 * TMR08 < >{>}
< >{>}
62 59-2 * TMC08 ##
## a
63 61 * TMR08 < >{<}
< >{<}
64 62 * TMC08 < byebye>{>}
< >{>}
65 63 * TMR08 < byeybye>{<}
< >{<}
66 64 * TMC08 < byebye>{>}
< >{>}
3. 5. 2. 2. 1991 1992 1998
1998
1998
15 a
50 49 * JFC07 A a51 50 * JFR07 52 51 * JFC07 53 52 * JFC07 54 53 * JFR07 55 54 * JFR07 < >{<}56 55 * JFC07 < >{>]
4.
a //
b
c / /
d
e
fgh
16 b
113 106 * JFC01 AB114 107 * JFR01 115 108 * JFC01 116 109 * JFR01 b117 110 * JFC01 118 111 * JFR01 < >{<}119 112 * JFC01 < >{>}
17 c
50 49 * JFC05 A51 50 * JFR05 =
52 51 * JFC05= < >{<}
53 52 * JFR05 < >{>}54 53 * JFC05 55 54 * JFR05
18 d
36 36 * JMC02 AC37 37 * JMR02 < >{<}38 38 * JMC02 < >{>}39 39 * JMR02 40 40 * JMC02
19 e
74 71 * TFC03
< >{>}
< >{>} AC
20 f
62 62 * JFC08 AB63 63 * JFR08 < >{<}64 64 * JFC08 < >{>}< >{<}65 65 * JFR08 < >{>}66 66 * JFC08 < >{<}
67 67 * JFR08< JFC08 >{>}
< >{<]
68 68 * JFC08 < >{>}69 69 * JFC08 < >{<}70 70 * JFR08 < >{>}71 71 * JFC08 72 72 * JFR08
75 72 * TFR03
76 73 * TFC03
< >
e
77 74 * TFR03
78 75 * TFC03 AB
79 76 * TFR03
80 77 * TFC03 <byebye>{<}
< >{<}
81 78 * TFR03 < >{>} byebye
< >{>}
82 79 * TFC03
22 h
171 165 * JFC0210 <
>{<} A h
172 166 * JFR02 < >{>} < >{<} b
173 167 * JFC02 < >{>}
bc
174 168 * JFR02 < >{<}175 169 * JFC02 < >{>}176 170 * JFC02 < >{<}177 171 * JFR02 < >{>} 10 A a 178 172 * JFC02 179 173 * JFR02 180 174 * JFC02 181 175 * JFR02 < >{<}182 176 * JFC02 < >{>}
21 g
137 133 * JMC06<
>{<}< > A g
138 134 * JMR06 < >{>}< >139 135 * JMR06 A a 140 136 * JMC06 c 141 137 * JMR06142 138-1 / JMC06 ,,143 139 * JMR06144 138-2 * JMC06 a 145 140 * JMR06146 141 * JMC06147 142 * JMR06 < >{<}148 143 * JMC06 < >{>}149 144 * JMR06150 145 * JMC06151 146 * JMC06 < >{<}152 147 * JMR06 < >{>}
4.
4. 1. 4. 1. 1.
4. 1. 1. 1.
4. 1. 1. 2.
Schegloffdistribution rule for first utterance
wei
wei
4. 1. 1. 3.
7
5.C CR RC CR R
C C C+ CC R C+ R
CR
C R2
4. 1. 1. 4.
1.
6.
1. 2. / 3. 4. 5.
1.5.
2.
4. 1. 1. 5.
20 90.0
60.0 70.0
4. 2. 4. 2. 1.
3.
4. 2. 1. 1.
4. 2. 1. 2.
hao
4. 2. 1. 3.
1
7.a c e gb d f h
1
C Caller R ReceiverC
RC
R C RC R
4.
5.
C R
20 85.0%
40.0% 50.0% 1992
hao80.0 hao hao
hao la 35.01994b
6.
4. 2. 1. 4.
4. 2. 2.
5 9 50.080.0 10 14 35.0
1 4 15.0
5 9 70.010 14 60.0
1 4
5 970.0 90.0
5.
7.
1992 11 9 65-722003
2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ
13-14 C 24-21
1990 72145-159
1991 44145-159
199211 10 26-38
1994
199211 10 14-25
1993
19982 pp1-15
2001 2022
78-911994a
1994b7 1-13
20014
20025
45-59Clark, H. H. & French, J. W. 1981. Telephone goodbyes. Language in Soceity, 10 1 1-1.Hopper, R. 1992. Telephone conversation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Shegloff, E. A. & Sacks, H.1973. Openings up Closings, Semiotica, 8, 289-327.
1.
1
DiscourseCompletion Test DCT 2
3
1 Brown Levinson 1987
FTAs Face Threatening ActsFTA
2 Discourse Completion Test: DCT
3 Liao 1994 Mandarin Chinese
2.
3.3. 1. 3. 1. 1.
52 13 39 5213 39 104
18-234 19-24
3. 1. 2.
5
6
7
4 1 1
15
6
7
2
2003 7 20038
39
8
9 Schegloff 1968
3. 2. 170 Basic Transcription
System for Japanese: BTSJ 2003
Second Coder 8
3. 2. 1.
3. 2. 1. 1. 1993
1
A9
10
B
11
1981
C1994
3. 2. 2. 2.
10 2001
11 pre-closing Okay closingBye Schegloff and Sacks,1973
111
1./
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3: 15
14 * JBI04 JSK0415 * JSK04 < > 2
4: / 13
10 * TYK07?
?
JBI JOK JBI JSK JBIJYK JBI TBI TOK
TBI TSK TBI TYK TBI
1: 63
12
61 * TBI06?
?
62 * TYK06 < > [ ]
< > []
63 * TYK06< >
< > 1
2: 45
44 * JBI09 JSK09
< >
45 * JSK09< > JSK09 JSK09
<JBI092 >
1
7: 39
38 * JBI01 < >{<}
39 * JSK01< >{>}
5
8: 119
117 * JBI03 118 * JOK03119 * JOK03 3 6
11 * TBI079
9
12 * TBI07< >{<}
< >{<}
13 * TYK07< >{>}
< >{>} 2
5: 18
16 * JOK12 ?17 * JBI12 918 * JOK12 3
6: 15
14 * TBI09
15 * TOK09?
??
4
10: 17
16 * JBI03
17 * JSK03 8
11: 123
122 * JOK039
123 * JOK03/ 7 /< >{<} 9
13 ha2 ei4
1 2 3 4 0
9: 44
42 * TYK11
ha213(" " )
? 3
43 * TBI11ha2 ?
? ?
44 * TYK11 7
12: 18
17 * TBI14
9 3
9 3
18 * TSK14 10
3. 2. 4.
8 1Cohen’s Kappa
Bakeman and Gottman, 19860.85
0.7
13: 14-1 14-2
13 * JBI01 14-1 / JOK01 9 ,,15 * JBI01
14-2 * JOK01 < >{<} 11
14:53
52 * TBI01
53 * TOK01 MRT 11
3.Po Pc Kappa
0.993 0.913 0.9140.983 0.919 0.7941.000 0.648 1.0000.959 0.701 0.864
4.4. 1. 4. 1. 1.
4
4.
% %5 12.8 5 12.8
18 46.2 23 59.0 3 7.7 5 12.8 8 20.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 12.8
* 5 12.9 1 2.6 39 100.1 39 100.0
*
1.
4 1
2 1
2
5.
% %
2 5.1 7 17.9 2 5.1 6 15.4
31 79.5 18 46.2 0 0.0 3 7.7 2 5.1 0 0.0 2 5.2 5 12.8
39 100.0 39 100.0
5 2
2.
4. 1. 2.
6.
% %6 3.8 2 1.2
15 9.4 10 5.8 31 19.5 63 36.6
8 5.0 28 16.3 75 47.2 23 13.4
5 3.1 24 14.0 2 1.3 8 4.7
10 6.3 1 0.6 3 1.9 0 0.0 3 1.9 8 4.7 1 0.6 5 2.9
159 100.0 172 100.0
3.
80%46.2% 15.4% 17.9%
5.1%
7.7%
6 3
2
7
7.
100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 100.0 20.0 0.0 83.9 90.5 16.1 9.5 12.5 39.3 87.5 60.7
2.7 4.3 97.3 95.7 80.0 75.0 20.0 25.0
100.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 80.0 100.0 20.0 0.0 33.3 66.7
100.0 87.5 0.0 12.5 100.0 60.0 0.0 40.0 41.5 66.3 58.5 33.7
74 6
7 3
4. 2
4. 2. 4. 2. 1.
1993
15 1615 JOK06
35-1 35-2 JOK0616 JBI09 JSK09
JSK09 45 48 50-1 50-2JBI09
30 44
15:
32 * JOK06 ?
33-1 / JBI06 < >{<},,
34 * JOK06<< >>{>} [
]
33-2 * JBI06
35-1 / JOK06 ,,
36 * JBI0635-2 * JOK06 337 * JBI06
38 * JOK06
39 * JBI06
15JOK06
1998
16:
28-2 * JBI09 JSK09
30 * JBI0931 * JSK09 ?
32 * JBI09
44 * JBI09JSK09
< >
45 * JSK09< > JSK09 JSK09
<JBI092 >
1
46 * JBI09 9 < >47 * JBI09 <9 >{<}< >48 * JSK09 < >{>} 349 * JBI09 < > 9
50-1 / JSK09 ,,51 * JBI09
50-2 * JSK09 3
52 * JBI09 < > ?
53 * JSK09< >
{<} 10
4. 2. 2. 14
DCT DCT
17 JYK08JBI08
18JBI01
JOK01
17:
5-2 * JBI08 JYK08 ?7 * JYK08 ?8 * JBI08 9 * JYK08 1 10 * JBI08 ?11 * JYK0812 * JBI08 ?13 * JYK0814 * JBI08 15 * JYK08
18:
1-6 * JBI01 ?<>
7 * JOK01= [
]
8 * JBI01 = < >9 * JOK0110 * JBI01
14 1993 /
/ /4
4. 2. 3. 1 11
8. %
89.3 91.9 10.7 8.1
100.0 100.0
5 /
5
1994
5.
11 * JOK01 2 12 * JBI01 < ><2 >13 * JBI01
14-1 / JOK01 9 ,,15 * JBI01
14-2 * JOK01 < >{<} 11
1994
5.
6.
1993 Politeness Politeness Theory14 20-29
————— 19981997 145-159
————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for JapaneseBTSJ
13 14 C 2
4-211998
101994 4
1993
20015 77-101
2002330 1-18
1994 451 43-54
198187-112
199642 2 540-545
Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M. 1986. Observing Interaction: an Introduction to Sequential Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, P. & Levinson, S. 1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge :Cambridge University Press.
Liao Chao-chih 1994. A Study on the Strategies, Maxims, and Development of Refusal in Mandarin Chinese. The Crane Publishing: Taipei.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1968. Sequencing in conversational openings. American anthropologist 70.6:1075-95.
Schegloff, Emanuel A. and H. Sacks. 1973. Opening up closing. Semiotica, 7.4:289-327.
1.
negotiation of meaningM.Long
1985negotiated conversation
2001
1999a
2002
NSNNS
2.2. 1.
2. 2.
1 NS NNS2
2. 3. 1
1.
NNS(NSM1 NNSM2) (NSF3 NNSF4) 20 16
NSM01 04NNSM01 04
NSF01 04NNSF01 04
NS5
NNS6
3 48
NSM05 08NNSM05 08
NSF05 08NNSF05 08
NSNNS 8
1 NSM Native Speaker Male2 NNSM Non Native Speaker Male3 NSF Native Speaker Female4 NNSF Non Native Speaker Female5
6 1
7
15
2003 BasicTranscription System For Japanaese:BTSJ
10 1 24Cohen’s Kappa Kappa=0.818
8
2. 4. 2
21993 1998 1999 1997
2.
ABCD
.
E F
GH
.
I
7 1
8 Cohen’s kappa 5 20
0.70.75
Bakeman & Gottman 1986 1997:3
2. 4. 1.
A.1
C P9 A T10 AD11 R12
223 208 * NSF04
“” A
224 209 * NNSF04
B.
2
C P A T AD R
391 366 * NNSF05
392 367 * NNSF05 B
393 368 * NSF05
9 C P10 A T11 AD12 R
C.? ?
3
C P A T AD R
328 320 * NSF08< >{>}< ?>{<}
C
329 321 * NNSF08 < >{>} ?330 322 * NSF08
D.
4
C P A T AD R
98 92-1 / NSM04 ,,
99 93 * NNSM04
100 92-2 * N S M 0 4?? < ??>{<}
D
101 94 * NNSM04 < ??>{>} [ ]
E.? ?
5
C P A T AD R
199 198 * NNSM07 < >
200 199 * NNSM07'2
??' < > '2'??
E
201 200 * NSM07 2
2. 4. 2.
G. ? ? ?
7
C P A T AD R
264 248 * NSF04
265 249 * NNSF04 ? G266 250 * N S F 0 4
267 251 * N S F 0 4
268 252 * NNSF04 ?
F.
6
C P A T AD R
104 96 * NNSF03
105 97 * N S F 0 3106 98 * NNSF03107 99 * N S F 0 3 F108 100 * NNSF03 =
I.
9
C P A T AD R
42 40 * NNSF01
43 41 * NSF01
44 42 * NNSF01/ /
45 43 * NSF01 ? I46 44 * NNSF0147 45 * NSF01 < >{<}
3.NS NNS NNS NNS
3. 1. NS NNSNS NNS 3
H.? ?
8
C P A T AD R
263 259 * NSM08 ?264 260-1 / NNSM08 < ?>{<},,265 261 * N S M 0 8 < >{>}266 260-2 * NNSM08 ? [ ] H267 262 * N S M 0 8268 263 * NNSM08
3. NS NNS. .
A B C D
/
E
/
F G H I
10 59 8 3 2 16 10 25 249 382 NS
3% 15% 2% 1% 1% 4% 3% 7% 65% 100% 123 41 7 39 11 0 12 29 87 349
NNS35% 12% 2% 11% 3% 0% 3% 8% 25% 100%
NS 382 NNS 349NS I B H
F A G C D /E /
NNS A I BD / H G E /C F
3. 2. NNS NNS16 2.3. 8
8
1992
NNS NNS 4
4. NNS NNS. .
A B C D
/
E
/
F G H I
73 20 6 24 3 0 4 15 42 187 NNS39% 11% 3% 13% 2% 0% 2% 8% 22% 100% 50 21 1 15 8 0 8 14 45 162 NNS
31% 13% 1% 9% 5% 0% 5% 9% 28% 100%
df =6
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NNS
3. 3.
NS NNS
1999
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1. NS NNS
FC D /
E / G H I
NS NNS
Pica et al. 1989
Yes No
5NNS NS
5
a b
1997
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37 35 * NNSF04
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1999 NS NNSNNS
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4. 4.
Pica et al. 1989I
GH I 2 D E
C I - 3 I - 1
I - 41998
NS NNS
3
2000
NS NNS
NNS NSNNS
1999 NS NNS NSNS NNS
NS NNSNS
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5.5. 1.
NNS
NNS D / E /NS NNS
NS NNSNS I
? NNSNNS
F NS I NNS NNSNNS
5. 2. 1999a
NS NNS
NS NNS
19977 8
C 2 12-26————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese
BTSJ13-14 2
4-211999
367-85
1992251-263
————— 199381 19-29
2001
19993 1-15
J. V. 1981 145 30-40
————— 2002112 1-14
199071 16-32
————— 19971998 11
177-190————— 1999a
368-380————— 1999b
713-24
————— 200277-89
1997
1 119-136
————— 20018 36-45
K 2000
19988 67-79
Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M. 1986 Observing Interaction: an Introduction to Sequential Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Firth, A. & Wanger, J. 1997 On Discourse, Communication, and (Some) Fundamental Concepts in SLA Research. The Modern Language Journal, 81-3, 285-300.
Long, Michael. 1993. Native Speaker/Non-native Speaker Conversation and the Negotiation of comprehensible input. Applied Linguistics. 4/2, 126-141.
————— 1998. The role of implicit negative feedback in SLA : Models and recasts in Japanese and Spanish. The modern Language journal. 82 (3), 357-371.
Mariko,Moroishi Wei. 2002. Recasts, Noticing, and Error Type : Japanese Learners’Perception of Corrective Feedback. 5 24-41
Miyazaki Satoshi. 2000. Communicative Adjustment and Adjustment Marker : The point of Request for Clarification. 3 57-93
Pica, T., Holliday, L., Lewis, N., & Morgenthaler, L. (1989) Comprehensible Output as an Outcome of Linguistic Demands on the Learner. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11, 63-90.
Varonis, E. and S. Gass. 1985. Non-native/Non-native conversations : A Model for Negotiation of Meaning. Applied Linguistics, 6, 71-90.
1.
1997 1998
2.2. 1.
Brown & Levinson 1987 FTPower social distance
rank of imposition
1.1
NNSB NSI NSB NSI
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NNSBF- 20
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NSSM- 20S: Same
NNSBM- 20
4B: Base, M: Male
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NSBM- 20
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NSOM- 30O: Old
15
5
16 16 32
2. 2. 32 10
1 1
30 20
Japanese:BTSJ
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S-Super-polite formP-Polite-formN-Non-polite formNM-No-marker
POLP-Polite formN-Non-politeNM-No-marker
NM
1 NSBF2 NSSF2 NSSF2
2 POL Politeness
2003 Basic Transcription System for
2. 3.
POLPOL 2001
NM2002 2003 NM
POL POL NM
NSBF2 NSSF2
3 NSSF2 < >{<} NSBF2 < >{>}
4 NSSF2 NSSF2 NSBF1
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5 NSBM1 NSSM2 =
4<2 >
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POL POL NM
2 NSSF2 NSSF2
X NSBNNSB2
3. 1. POL3. 1. 1. POL
POL 3
3S P N
NM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
NSB-NSI NNSB-NSI
SPNNM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
NNSB-JO NNSB-JS
%PNNM
1. 2.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
NSB-NSI NNSB-NSI
SPNNM
3. POL
2 1
3. 1. 2. POL
4S P N
NMS
POL PN NM
SS
PN NM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
SPNNM
S 3.8% 3.3% 1.1% 1.0%P 46.3% 61.6% 41.5% 50.1%N 23.2% 15.5% 11.0% 6.9%NM 26.6% 19.5% 46.3% 42.0%
NSB_NSS NSB_NSO NNSB_NSS NNSB_NSO
4. POL
3. 2. POL3. 2. 1. POL
5 P N
NM
3. 2. 2. POL
6 PN
NMPOL
P NNM
P
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
NSB-NSI NNSB-NSI
PNNM
5. POL
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
NSB-NSI NNSB-NSI
I
6. POL
N NM
3. 3. NM3. 3. 1. NM
NM 7
7 NM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
PNNM
P 46.3% 60.9% 41.7% 49.9%N 20.1% 13.7% 10.3% 7.1%NM 33.7% 25.5% 47.9% 43.0%
NSB-NSS NSB-NSO NNSB-NSS NNSB-NSO
7. NM
8
default 3
4
3 (2001 ( DP DP
B&L(1987 1
impoliteDP
4 (2001 ( DP
B&L(1987 1
impolite
3. 3. 2. NM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
IIIIIIIVV
I 37.6% 47.7% 43.5% 59.3%
II 18.2% 6.5% 37.6% 26.8%
III 27.2% 22.3% 15.6% 11.9%
IV 1.8% 4.6% 0.5% 0.0%
V 15.1% 18.9% 2.8% 2.0%
NSB-NSS NSB-NSO NNSB-NSS NNSB-NSO
8. NM
3. 4. 2
2. /1
NNSBM1-NSSM1 0/34 0/19 NSBM1-NSSM2 1/16 2/6 NNSBM1-NSOM1 0/16 1/25 NSBM1-NSOM2 0/6 1/14 NNSBM2-NSSM1 0/13 2/13 NSBM2-NSSM2 1/5 6/9 NNSBM2-NSOM1 0/4 0/7 NSBM2-NSOM2 2/6 1/11 NNSBM3-NSSM3 0/1 0/46 NSBM3-NSSM2 0/10 2/7 NNSBM3-NSOM1 0/10 0/34 NSBM3-NSOM2 0/6 2/19 NNSBM4-NSSM3 0/7 0/18 NSBM4-NSSM2 8/16 3/10 NNSBM4-NSOM1 0/3 0/15 NSBM4-NSOM2 3/12
0/880%
3/1771.7%
15/7719.5%
17/10915.6%
NNSBF1-NSSF1 0/12 0/36 NSBF1-NSSF2 6/29 10/25 NNSBF1-NSOF1 1/7 0/19 NSBF1-NSOF1 2/17 0/24 NNSBF2-NSSF1 0/2 0/22 NSBF2-NSSF2 4/21 0/29 NNSBF2-NSOF1 0/1 1/15 NSBF2-NSOF1 4/8 4/24 NNSBF3-NSSF1 0/26 0/46 NSBF3-NSSF2 4/25 9/40 NNSBF3-NSOF1 0/12 0/50 NSBF3-NSOF1 9/25 1/41 NNSBF4-NSSF1 0/3 0/23 NSBF4-NSSF2 9/39 10/26 NNSBF4-NSOF1 0/10 0/19 NSBF4-NSOF1 6/19 7/55
1/731.3%
1/2300.4%
44/18324.0%
41/26415.5%
2 81 8 NSBM3
19.5% 24.0%20
2
N1994 121
4.1 3
1 1 2 S
S 3
3. S Super Polite form
NNSBM1-NSSM1
5
NSBM1-NSSM2
*2
*3
NNSBM1-NSOM1
NSBM1-NSOM2
*2
5 (
NNSBM2-NSSM1
NSBM2-NSSM2
*2
*3
*2
*2*2
NNSBM2-NSOM1
NSBM2-NSOM2
NNSBM3-NSSM3 / NSBM3-
NSSM2
*3*2
NNSBM3-NSOM1 / NSBM3-
NSOM2
NNSBM4-NSSM3 *2
NSBM4-NSSM2
*2*2
*2
NNSBM4-NSOM1 / NSBM4-
NSOM2 /
NNSBF1-NSSF1
NSBF1-NSSF2
NNSBF1-NSOF1
*2
*2 NSBF1-NSOF1
NNSBF2-NSSF1 / NSBF2-
NSSF2
*3
*4*3
*2*2
NNSBF2-NSOF1
NSBF2-NSOF1
NNSBF3-NSSF1 / NSBF3-
NSSF2 *2
NNSBF3-NSOF1 / NSBF3-
NSOF1
NNSBF4-NSSF1 / NSBF4-
NSSF2
NNSBF4-NSOF1
NSBF4-NSOF1
3
2002 8S
30
6
S
2 3 4 N
3 5 6
-1 NNSBF3 NSOF1 167
164 152 * NNSBF3
165 153 * NSOF1 166 154 * NNSBF3167 155 * NNSBF3 ? NM168 156 * NSOF1
-1 NNSBF3 NSOF1167 NNSBF3
-2 145
144 132 * NSOF1 ?
145 133 * NNSBF3 < > NM146 134 * NSOF1 <2 >
-2 NNSBF3 NSOF1145 NNSBF3 NSOF1
6
7 5 35
-1-2 NNSBF3
-1
-1
39 37 * NSBF1 ?= P
40 38 * NSOF1 = P41 39 * NSBF1 = NM
42 40-1 / NSOF1=
,, /
43 41 * NSBF1 < >{<} P
44 40-2 * NSOF1< >{>} 1
P
-1 NSBF2 NSOF1NSOF1 NSBF1
1995 35 7
5.
2 4
P N
2 4P N
POL S PN
SP
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NMNM
NM
6.
S
N
1983 1277-84
K 19942002
7.
POL POL NM
NMNM
1997
149-1651993
64737-47
1995662 27-42
19972001
6 1-292003 : Basic Transcription System for Japanese:
BTSJ13 14 C 2
4-212003 2
/ /
13 14 C 2 26-431999
200261-67
198969 61-68
199857-62
2000110-115
1989 AKP 3 34-502002
5 1 57-731997
J.V. 1994
2 1 62 6719951989 69 77-92
2003
Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness– Some universals in language usage. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Usami, Mayumi. 2002. Discourse Politeness in Japanese Conversation Some Implications for a Universal Theory of Politeness. Tokyo: Hituzi Syobo
1
1.
1997 1987 1988 1992
1997242
1
12
2.2. 1. 2. 1. 1.
1.
NNSF01 NNSF02 NNSF9NNSF10
10 201
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NSF11 NSF12. NSF19 NSF2010 20
*1 NNSF: *2 NSF:
1991 104
2. 1. 2.
15 20
2
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NNSF01
NSF01
NNSF02
NSF02
NNSF03
NSF03
NNSF04
NSF04
NNSF05
NSF05
NNSF06
NSF06
NNSF07
NSF07
NNSF08
NSF08
NNSF09
NSF09
NNSF10
NSF10
2-2.
NSF11-NSF12 NSF13-NSF14 NSF15-NSF16 NSF17-NSF18 NSF19-NSF20
2. 2. 2. 2. 1.
152003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ
15 15 225
2. 2. 2. 1997
1997 246 5
Facilitating ——1997
solidarity 1997 248
1997 249
1 NSF13-NSF14
361 340 * NSF14
MD MD
MD<2
>
362 341 * NSF14
363 342 * NSF13 MD ?
?
364 343 * NSF14 365 344 * NSF13366 345 * NSF14 [ ]
367 346 * NSF14 ??
Attention-getting1997
1997 250
1997 251
1997 251
2 NNSF03-NSF03
69 67 * NNSF03
70 68 * NSF03
71 69 * NNSF031
72 70 * NSF03 ?
73 71 * NNSF03
=
74 72 * NNSF03
=" "
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75 73 * NNSF03 "
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1997 251
1997 251
3 NNSF10-NSF10 NSF10
196 172 * NSF10
21
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197 173 * NNSF10 [ ]198 174 * NSF10
199 175 * NSF10
200 176 * NNSF10
201 177 * NNSF10
202 178 * NSF10
Confirming
1997 252
4 NSF17-NSF18
155 139 * NSF18 156 140 * NSF17 < ?>{<}157 141 * NSF18 < >{>}
158 142-1 NSF17 ,,159 143 * NSF18 < >{<}160 142-2 * NSF17 < >{>} [ ]161 144 * NSF17 162 145 * NSF18
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1997 253
5 NSF11-NSF12 NSF11
1 1 * NSF11 2 2 * NSF12
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4 3-b * NSF11 ###
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1997 247 1997
3
10 NNSF01NNSF10 NSF01 NSF10
10NSF11 NSF20
4
2001 12
24
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=0.97=0.97
=0.80 0.7
3.3. 1. 3. 1. 1.
3
NSF11 19 157 12.1 NNSF01 11 200 5.5NSF12 20 173 11.6 NNSF02 30 167 18.0NSF13 32 176 18.2 NNSF03 15 199 7.5NSF14 53 184 28.8 NNSF04 21 176 11.9NSF15 46 260 17.7 NNSF05 10 173 5.8NSF16 19 233 8.2 NNSF06 16 238 6.7NSF17 49 138 35.5 NNSF07 9 124 7.3NSF18 31 132 23.5 NNSF08 3 126 2.4NSF19 34 110 30.9 NNSF09 3 226 1.3NSF20 22 97 22.7 NNSF10 23 177 13.0
325 1660 19.6 141 1806 7.832.5 166 19.6 14.1 180.6 7.813.0 51.3 9.0 8.7 37.3 5.0
3 32.514.1
*1 *
3-1. 3-2.
19.6% 7.8%
3. 1. 2.
4
4-1.
NSF11 9 47.4 7 36.8 0 0 0 0 3 15.8 19 100
NSF12 13 65.0 4 20.0 1 5.0 1 5.0 1 5.0 20 100
NSF13 11 34.4 13 40.6 5 15.6 0 0 3 9.4 32 100
NSF14 20 37.7 17 32.1 7 13.2 0 0 9 17.0 53 100
NSF15 11 23.9 35 76.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 100
NSF16 2 10.5 14 73.7 2 10.5 1 5.3 0 0 19 100
NSF17 13 26.5 30 61.2 5 10.2 1 2.0 0 0 49 100
NSF18 9 29.0 13 41.9 6 19.4 0 0 3 9.7 31 100
NSF19 10 29.4 13 38.2 8 23.5 1 2.9 2 5.9 34 100
NSF20 9 40.9 10 45.5 3 13.6 0 0 0 0 22 100
107 32.9 156 48.0 37 11.4 4 1.2 21 6.5 325 100
10.7 15.6 3.7 0.4 2.1 32.5
4.5 9.7 2.9 0.5 2.8 13.0
* %
4-2.
NNSF01 3 27.3 6 54.5 0 0 0 0 1 9.1 1 9.1 11 100NNSF02 2 6.7 25 83.3 1 3.3 0 0 2 6.7 0 0 30 100
NNSF03 10 66.7 3 20.0 2 13.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 100
NNSF04 9 42.9 3 14.3 5 23.8 0 0 4 19.0 0 0 21 100
NNSF05 8 80.0 2 20.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 100
NNSF06 4 25.0 9 56.3 1 6.3 0 0 0 0 2 12.5 16 100
NNSF07 3 33.3 4 44.4 1 11.1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 100
NNSF08 1 33.3 1 33.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 33.3 3 100
NNSF09 3 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 100
NNSF10 9 39.1 10 43.5 3 13.0 1 4.3 0 0 0 0 23 100
52 36.9 63 44.7 13 9.2 2 1.4 7 5.0 4 2.8 141 1005.2 6.3 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 14.1
3.4 7.3 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.7 8.7
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1 1 7 3
6-1 NSF15-NSF16
176 150-5 * NSF16< >{>}
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177 155-1 / NSF16 " ",,178 156 * NSF15 < > [ ]179 155-2 * NSF16180 157-1 / NSF16 ,,181 158 * NSF15 < >
182 157-2 * NSF16 ??
183 159 * NSF15184 160-1 / NSF16 " ",,185 161 * NSF15186 160-2 * NSF16187 162 * NSF15
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NSF15 185NSF16 186
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186 169 * NNSF09
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187 170 * NSF09 188 171 * NNSF09 < >{<}
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190 173 * NNSF09 < >
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192 174 * NNSF09 < >
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44 41 * NSF02 45 42 * NNSF02
46 43 * NSF02 18
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48 44-b * NNSF02
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49 45 * NNSF024 11
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231 206 * NSF08 ?232 207-1 / NNSF08 ,,233 208 * NSF08
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3.2.1
1990
1996
5.
1
1992159-172
1997241-268
————— 2001 79-58
————— 2003 Basic Transcription System for Japanese:BTSJ
13-14 C 24-21
19901987
10 vol.6 93-1092003 Cohen’s Kappa
http://japanese.human.metro-u.ac.jp/kokubun/gaidai/cohen.html 2003. 10. 211988 2 6 vol.17
94-951996
61 135-1561991 92-107
2004Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJ
13-142 4-21
BTSJBTSJ
1
,,
1 1
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' '
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12
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// BTSJ
2
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BTS
BTS
BTS
Basic
Transcription System For Japanaese:BTSJ
Albert,J.K.
Albert, J. K.,Keller-Guenther, Y., & Cormam,
S. R.
Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. M.
Boxer,D. & Cortes-Conde, F.
Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C.
Grice, P.
Hay, J.
Holtgraves, T.
Hopper, R.
Liao Chao-chih
Long, M.
Nagórko, A.
Rees-Miller
Schegloff, Emanuel A
Schegloff, E. A. & Sacks, H.
Searle, J. R.
Straehl, C. A.
Zajdman, A.
21 COE11 26 18 15 20 15
103
Tsutomu Akamatsu, University of Leeds
21 COE11 8 16 30 18 00
226
On the cultural history of Europe Insights provided by the Atlas Linguarum Europae
Wolfgang Viereck, Otto-Friedrich University at Bamberg
21 COE6 1 16 30 18 00
419
Joseph F. Kess, University of Victoria, Canada
21 COE12 24 16 30 18 30
419
Yukiko Hatasa, University of Iowa
21 COE10 9 14 00 16 00
419The Linguistics of Choice
Florian Coulmas, University of Duisburg, Germany
122 28 18 00 19 30
419
3
112 4 18 00 20 00
419
1012 20 18 00 19 30
419
912 1 18 00 19 30
419
810 7 18 30 20 30
4192004 PC Conference
e-Learning Internet
77 27 18 30 20 30
419
BTS Basic Transcription System:
67 23 18 30 20 30
419
Basic Transcription System for Japanese: BTSJBTS
57 20 18 30 20 30
419
Basic Transcription System for Japanese:BTSJ
45 31 18 00 20 00
4192003
35 27 18 15 20 00
4192003
25 20 18 30 20 20
3 3262003
14 2 13 00 14 30
4192003
TUFSCommon European Language Framework
213 16 14 00 16 00
4192003
F0
TUFS P
202 27 15 30 18 00
4192003
nel’zja ne
192 16 18 30 20 30
4192003
182 13 13 00 15 00
7442003
172 12 18 30 20 30
4192003
162 12 13 00 15 00
6152003 Shakespeare
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152 5 18 30 20 30
4192003
1411 28 18 00 20 00
4192003
1310 16 18 30 20 30
419
Web
1210 9 18 30 20 30
419
TUFS-D
1110 3 18 00 20 00
419
TUFS e-Learning
TUFS
109 26 18 00 20 00
419
TUFS
97 17 19 00 20 30
419
87 4 18 00 20 00
419
Johanna Nichols, ‘Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar’
76 4 18 00 20 00
419TUFS D
65 30 18 00 20 00
419
54 21 18 00 19 30
419
44 18 18 00 19 30
419
33 19 17 00 20 00
419
23 13 18 00 20 00
419
11 23 18 00 20 00
419
610 31
TUFS Language Module
D 50
510 30
TUFS Language Module 5
410 25
TUFS Language Module 4TUFS
TUFS P
39 25
TUFS Language Module 3
TUFS D
28 1
TUFS Language Module 2
D
16 26
TUFS Language Module 1TUFS P
D
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Linguistic Informatics
Edited by Yuji KAWAGUCHI, Susumu ZAIMA, Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Kohji SHIBANO, Mayumi USAMI 2003 10
Corpus-Based Analyses on Sentence Structures
Edited by Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Susumu ZAIMA, Yoichiro TSURUGA, Yuji KAWAGUCHI 2004 4
The First International Conference on Linguistic Informatics
Edited by Yuji KAWAGUCHI, Susumu ZAIMA, Toshihiro TAKAGAKI, Kohji SHIBANO, Mayumi USAMI 2004 10
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21 COE
183-8534 3-11-1