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毒物分析 Drugs of Abuse
授課教師:賴滄海教授 04-15-2010
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濫用藥物
指非以醫療為目的,在不經醫師處方或指示情況下,過量或經常使用某種藥物,故傷害個人健康及社會安寧秩序之藥物。
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毒品
毒品,指具成癮性、濫用性及對社會危害性之麻醉藥品與其製品,及影響精神物質與其製品。
~毒品危害防治條例~
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Stimulants
Cocaine, Crack Amphetamine / Methamphetamine, Diet
pills Caffeine Tobacco
Tobacco
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Depressants
A) Opiates Opium 、 Morphine 、 Heroine 、 Codeine 、 Dilaudid 、 Percodan 、 Pentazocin 、 Meperidin 、 Darvon 、 TalwinB) Sedative-Hypnotics Barbiturates : Amobarbital 、 Secobarbital 、 Phenobarbital Benzodiazepine : Valium 、 Xanax 、 Flunitrazepam Quaaludes 、 Doriden 、 Placidyl 、 MiltownC) Alcohol
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Hallucinogens
LSD PCP Marijuana Psilocybin (Mushroom) MDMA/MDA Mescaline (Peyote cactus) Ketamine
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Inhalants and Others
Nitrous Oxidex Volatile Nitrite Organic Solvents
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Ingradient Trade Name
Diethylpropion TenuateTepanil
Phendimetrazine
BarcaratePrelu-2
Stato besMeltial
SPRX-105Fenfluramine Pondimin
Phentermine
IonaminAdipex
ParmineFastin
PhentrolPhentercot
ObephenMinobese Forte
DuromineBenzphetamine Didrex
Chlophentermine Poe-Sate
Chlortermine VeranilPhenmertrazine Poeludin
Fenfluramine/Phentermine Fen-Phen
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Amphetamine
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Metabolism of Amphetamine
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Cocaine
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Pure cocaine hydrochloride is a white fluffy power with a snowlike appearance.
Flower of the Erythroxylon coca shrub.
Leaf of the coca plant from which cocaine is derived.
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The leaves from the coca plants, in fields such as this, are harvested two or three times a year and used to produce coca paste.
Baskets such as these are filled with coca leaves during the harvest.
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Jungle maceration pit used for leaching coca leaves to extract the cocaine.
These vials contain crack, which is a form of cocaine that has been prepared for smoking.
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OpioidsTable1. Mode of Action and Metabolism of opioids
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Table 2. Therapeutic uses, dose, and effectiveness of opioids
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Opium-dried latex from poppy, often in lumps.
Can also be dripped on tobacco for smoking
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Barbitarates
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Benzodiazepines
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Alcohol
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Marijuana
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Thai sticks.
Hashish, such as that shown here, contains the purest form of resin and a THC content of 7 %.
Oil extracted from hashish contains the hallucinogenic compound THC.
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PCP
• PCP is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol.
• It has a distinctive bitter chemical taste.
• PCP is normally used in one of three ways: snorted, smoked, or eaten.
• For smoking, PCP is often applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, or marijuana.
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Ketamine
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LSD
LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and swallowed.
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Mescaline
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Psilocybin
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Mescaline is the most active hallucinogenic substance in a peyote cactus such as this.
Mushrooms similar to this psilocybe mexicana have been used more than 2000 years by natives in Central America for their hallucinogenic properties.
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CO
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