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교재
제목:Biotechnology for environmental protection in pulp and paper industry
저자: P. Bajpai, P.K. Bajpai, R. Kondon
Springer 1999
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펄핑과 수질 오염
충북대학교
목재종이과학과
신 수정
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펄프제지공업의 특성
자본집약적 산업 (capital intensive industry) 판매 제품의 이윤이 적음 (small profit margins) 새로운 기술을 공정에 적용하는데 소극적 (limit
experimentation, developments, and incorporation of new technologies into the mills)
다량의 공업용수를 사용함 (3rd ranks following the metals and chemical industry)
폐수 처리 시스템을 가동하여 폐수의 방출량을 줄이고 있음.
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환경 규제
AOX (adsorbable organic halides)- harmful to health or the environment.
Sources: bleaching chemicals (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite)
TOCl (total organic chlorine)
Organic vs inorganic
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Dioxin and dioxane
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다이옥신의 구조
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
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다이옥신의 발생
화학펄프 표백공정에서
비닐류를 포함하는 플라스틱과 벤젠고리를 포함하는 플라스틱의 혼합 연소과정에서
고엽제
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다이옥신이 미치는 영향 (동물실험결과)
매우 독성이 강함
생식과 생장에 영향을 미침
면역시스템을 파괴시킴
호르몬 체계에 간섭하여 암을 유발시킴
1급 발암물질
간 손상
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환경 규제-유럽
Sweden: Licensing Board for Environmental Protection As 1995; 0.5kg/ton for sulfite or hardwood kraft pulps, 1.0kg/ton
for softwood kraft pulps (AOX)
Finland AOX discharges from 3.7kg/ton in 1989 to less than 1kg/ton by
1995
Germany Chemical pulp mills 1.0kg/ton AOX
French No AOX regulation, TSS, BOD, COD regulation for pulp mills and
non-integrated paper mill
Portugal Only regulations for non-integrated paper mill
Austria AOX discharges limitation to 0.5-1.0kg/ton pulp
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환경 규제 –북미
Canada Different regulation based on province BC, Ontario, Quebec (Table 1.4 and 1.5)
US Not yet AOX regulation Strict regulation on dioxin 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDF Chlorine stage of bleaching are responsible for
dioxin generation Less than 0.013 ppq (quadrillion), detection limits
for best available technologies.
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환경 규제-미국
BAT (best available technology)
Cluster rule
EPA (Environment Protection Agency)
Complete substion of chlorine dioxide for chlorine.
ECF bleaching
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바이오테클롤러의 중요성
Waste water treatment –removal of oxygen demanding substances and suspended solids
Specific applications for microorganisms/enzymes in the pulp and paper industry
Table 1.11
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