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PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA DAN VIRUS
DEBBIE S. RETNONINGRUM
Sekolah Farmasi
Institut Teknologi Bandung
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PERTUMBUHAN SEL
• SEL MIKROBA: MESIN UNTUK SINTESIS SENYAWA-SENYAWA UNTUK MENGGANDAKAN SEL
• PEMBELAHAN BINER (BINARY VISSION)
• WAKTU YANG DIBUTUHKAN UNTUK SATU SIKLUS PERTUMBUHAN BERBEDA: TERGANTUNG PADA NUTRISI DAN GENETIK
• WAKTU GENERASI / WAKTU PENGGANDA: WAKTU YANG DIBUTHUKAN DARI SATU SEL MENJADI DUA SEL
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KURVA PERTUMBUHAN UNTUK POPULASI BAKTERI
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PENGUKURAN PERTUMBUHAN
JUMLAH SEL TOTAL:
• PENENTUAN DENGAN MIKROSKOP LANGSUNG (KERING / DALAM CAIRAN)
KETERBATSAN:– SEL MATI DAN HIDUP
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PENGUKURAN PERTUMBUHAN
JUMLAH SEL HIDUP / KOLONI :
• SEL HIDUP (SEL MEMBELAH DIRI)
• METODE SEBAT (VOLUME )
• METODE TUANG (VOLUME )
• JUMLAH KOLONI:
30-300 / PELAT
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PENGUKURAN PERTUMBUHAN
PENGENCERAN:
• UNTUK MENENTUKAN JUMLAH NYATA
• PENGENCERAN SERI PENENTUAN DENGAN PELAT
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SKEMA PENGENCERAN SERI
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MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN: PADAT DAN CAIR
Cawan Petri
Agar miring
Medium cair
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PENGUKURAN PERTUMBUHAN
TURBIDIMETRi:
• TIDAK MERUSAK
• SEL MATI DAN HIDUP
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MEDIUM UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
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PENGARUH OKSIGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
(a) AEROB OBLIGAT
(b) ANAEROB OBLIGAT
(c) AEROB FAKULTATIF
(d) MIKROAERIFILIK
(e) ANAEROB AEROTOLERAN
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TOKSISITAS OKSIGEN
• OKSIGEN TOKSIK: O2- (SUPEROKSIDA); H2O2
(HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA); OH. (HIDROKSIL RADIKAL)
• ENZIM UNTUK MENETRALKAN OKSIGEN TOKSIK– H2O2: KATALASE DAN PEROKSIDASE
– SUPEROKSIDA: SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD)
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MIKROBA DAN OKSIGEN
AEROB: • PENYEDIAAN OKSIGEN YANG BANYAK ANAEROBES: • SENYAWA PEREDUKSI: (THIOGLIKOLAT, O2 H2O)• O2 HANYA ADA DI EPRMUKAAN• RESAZURIN: ZAT WARNA, PERUBAHAN WARNA
KARENA O2• JAR ANAEROBIK
ANAEROB OBLIGAT MEDIUM DIDIDIHKAN; H2S; WADAH BEBAS O2
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PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
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PENGGOLONGAN MIKROBA BERDASARKAN SUHU OPTIMUM PERTUMBUHAN TEMPERATURE
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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NaCl PADA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
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AKTIVITAS AIR (WATER ACTIVITY)
• KETERSEDIAAN AIR
• TANAH PERTANIAN: 0.90 – 1.00
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pH DAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
• ACIDOPHILE:FUNGI (pH ~ 5; 2)BACTERI (ACIDOPHILES; OBLIGAT ACIDOPHILES)
• ALKALIPHILE:BAKTERI (ALKALIPHILES; SODA LAKES – TANAH DENGAN TINGKAT KARBONASI YANG TINGGI) – BACILLUS
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MEDIUM PERTUMBUHAN: KOMPOSIS
• MEDIUM KOMPLEKS: KOMPOSISI TIDAK DIKETAHUI SECARA PASTI– HASIL DIGESTI KASEIN (PROTEIN SUSU), DAGING, KACANG
KEDELAI, SEL RAGI (MEDIA KAYA)
– KETERBATASAN: KOMPOSISI NUTRISI SECARA PASTI TIDAK DIKETAHUI
• MEDIUM TERDEFINISI / SINTETIK KOMPOSISI MEDIUN DIKETAHUI SECARA PASTI
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MEDIUM PERTUMBUHAN: : KOMPLEKS
• MEDIUM CAIR THIOGLIKOLAT (BAKTERI ANAEROB DAN AEROB)
• MEDIUM SOYBEAN-CASEIN DIGEST (JAMUR DAN BAKTERI AEROB)
• AGAR ATAU MEDIUM CAIR (BROTH) NUTRIENT
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JENIS MEDIUM PERTUMBUHAN
• MEDIUM DIPERKAYA
• MEDIUM SELEKSI
• MEDIUM DIFERENSIALCharcoal mediumCamphylobacter
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PENGENDALIAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
• MEMBATASI PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA
• CARA:– INHIBISI
– PERUSAKAN MIKROBA DENGAN STERILISASI
• STERILISASI: – MEMBUNUH ATAU MENGHILANGKAN SEL MIKROBA
HIDUP
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PENGARUH SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN
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MENGAPA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA HARUS DIKENDALIKAN?
• MENGHINDARI ATAU MEMBATASI PERUSAKAN OLEH MIKROBA
• MENGHINDARI PENYAKIT OLEH MIKROBA ATAU PRODUK MIKROBA BERBAHAYA
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METODE: PENGENDALIAN MIKROBA
• METODE FISIK: STERILISASI PANAS STERILISASI RADIASIFILTRASI
• METODE KIMIA: SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBADESINFEKTAN DAN ANTISPETIK ANTIBIOTIKA SPOROSIDA
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MASALAH PADA STERILISASI
• JAMUR DAN SEL VEGETATIF BAKTERI MUDAH DIBUNUH DENGAN PERLAKUAN PANAS DAN KIMIA
• UKURAN MIKROBA > DIAMETER FILTER • VIRUS: MUDAH DIBUNUH• ENDOSPORA BAKTERI – RESISTEN TERHADAP
PERLAKUKAN PENGERINGAN, PANAS DAN KIMIA
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MEKANISME KERJA, OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS
Ethambutol
RIF
SMSM
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TRANSFER MATERI GENETIK
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RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIK
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MULTIPLIKASI VIRUS POLIO
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MULTIPLIKASI VIRUS INFLUENZA
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MULTIPLIKASI HIV