Download - 02_Administracion Entorno Mundial
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AdministracinAD 1000
La administracin en elentorno mundial
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METAS Y
ESTRATEGIAS
TAMAO
TECNOLOGA
AMBIENTE
CULTURA
ESTRUCTURAFormalizacinEspecializacinEstandarizacin
Jerarqua de autoridadComplejidadCentralizacin
ProfesionalismoTasas de personal
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EL ENTORNOORGANIZACIONALTodos los elementos que existen fuera de
las fronteras de la organizacin y quetienen el potencial de afectar a toda o
parte de la organizacin.
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La organizacin y su entorno(Thompson,Strickland y Gamble,2005:47)
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CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL
Puede afectar directamente a lasorganizaciones.
Todava se piensa en forma local.
Competimos con extranjeros.
Extranjeros compran empresasnacionales.
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PAIS
SECTOR
INDUSTRIALEMPRESA
MUNDO
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AISLAMIENTO
COMERCIAL
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GATT,TLC, etc.
APERTURA COMERCIAL
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EFECTOS DE LA APERTURACOMERCIAL EN MXICO
Nuevoscompetidores
Nuevosmercados
Oportunidades Amenazas/
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EFECTOS DE LA GLOBALIZACIN EN LAESTRUCTURA DE LAS INDUSTRIAS
Globalizacin de la produccin. Pontiac Le Mans (GM)
$6,000 Korea ensamble$3,500 Japn Comp. avanzados
$1,500 Alemania diseo$ 800 Taiwan,Japn,Singapur Peq. Comp.$ 500 Inglaterra Serv. de MKT$ 100 Irlanda Proc. de datos
$7,600 GM, abogados, banqueros, aseguradoras.
Globalizacin de los mercados
Coca-Cola, Levis jeans, Sony Walkman
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Proceso de la administracinestratgica
FODA
Situacin
actual,Evaluar:MisinMetasEstrategias
Examinarelambienteexterno
Identificarlos factoresestratgicos
Examinar elambienteinterno:CompetenciaSinergiaCreacin devalor
Identificar losfactoresestratgicos:FuerzasDebilidades
Definir:MisinMetasEstrategias
Formular lasestrategias
Implementarlasestrategias:LiderazgoEstructuraRecursosHumanosSistemasde control einformacin
Evaluarresultados
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Formulacin estratgica(Decidiendo qu hacer)
Accin de loscompetidores
Formulacin dela estrategia
Debilidades yfortalezasinternas
AccionesOportunidadesy amenazas enel medio
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El Modelo de Porter(Anlisis externo)
Rivalidad entre
los competidores
Nuevosparticipantes
Sustitutos
CompradoresProveedores
Amenaza deParticipantes nuevos
Poder de negociacinde los proveedores
Amenaza desustitutos
Poder de negociacinde los compradores
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The Role of National Culture
Values
Ideas about what a society believes to begood, desirable and beautiful.
Provide the basic underpinnings for notions ofindividual freedom, democracy, truth, justice,honesty, loyalty,love, sex, marriage, etc.
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The Role of National Culture
Norms
Unwritten rules and codes of conduct that prescribe howpeople should act in particular situations.
Folkwaysroutine social conventions of daily life (e.g.,
dress codes and social manners)
Moresbehavioral norms that are considered central tofunctioning of society and much more significant thanfolkways (e.g., theft and adultery), and they are oftenenacted into law.
Many differences in mores from one society to another
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Hofstedes Model of National Culture
Figure 6.4
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Hofstedes Model of National
Culture
Individualism
A worldview that values individual freedom and self-expression and adherence to the principle that people
should be judged by their individual achievements rathertheir social background.
Collectivism
A worldview that values subordination of the individual tothe goals of the group and adherence to the principlethat people should be judged by their contribution to thegroup
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Hofstedes Model of National
CulturePower Distance
A societys acceptance of differences in the well
being of citizens due to differences in heritage,
and physical and intellectual capabilities(individualism).
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Hofstedes Model of National
CultureAchievement versus Nurturing Orientation
Achievement-oriented societies valueassertiveness, performance, and success and
are results-oriented.Nurturing-oriented cultures value quality of life,
personal relationships, and service.
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Hofstedes Model of National
Culture
Uncertainty Avoidance
Societies and people differ in their tolerance foruncertainty and risk.
Low uncertainty avoidance cultures (e.g., U.S.and Hong Kong) value diversity and tolerate awide range of opinions and beliefs.
High uncertainty avoidance societies (e.g.,
Japan and France) are more rigid and expecthigh conformity in their citizens beliefs andnorms of behavior.
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Hofstedes Model of National
Culture
Long Term Outlook
Cultures with a long-term orientation rest onvalues such as thrift and persistence inachieving goals
Cultures with a short-term orientation areconcerned with maintaining personal stability
or happiness and living for the present
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National Culture and GlobalManagement Management practices that are effective in
one culture often will not work as well inanother culture
Managers must be sensitive to the valuesystems and norms of an individuals country
and behave accordingly