QUY LUT BNG TNH TAN Bazo : bazo ca IA v Ca, Ba u tan Axit : HCl ,H2SO4,HNO3 Mui: +Tt c mui Nitrat (NO3-) ,axetat (CH3COO-) v amoni (NH4+) u tan +Tt c mui clorua (Cl-) u tan tr PbCl2 v AgCl +Tt c mui sunfat (SO42-) u tan tr PbSO4, BaSO4.Cn lu CaSO4 t tan nhng vn xem nh tan tt +Tt c mui Sunfua (S2-) u khng tan tr IA, Ca,Ba v NH4+ +C 2 trng hp cn c bit ch : *Mui cacbonat:: -CO3 2-: Ch tan nhm IA v NH4+ -HCO3 -: Tan IA, IIA v NH4+. *Mui Photphat:Do ci ny phn li ba nc nn c ba loi mui: -PO4 3- : Ch tan nhm IA v NH4+ -HPO4 2- : Ch tan nhm IA v NH4+ -H2PO4 - : Tt c u tan.Nhng mui ko tan to bi bazo v axit yu d b thy phn trong nc to bazo v axit ban uVD: Cho dd FeCl2 vo dd Na2CO3.Hin tng: Fe(OH)2 kt ta trng xanhC kh CO2 bay raNguyn nhn:Ban u to FeCO3, nhng do ci ny l mui to bi bazo v axit yu nn b thy phn trong nc to 2 th trn Nhn y ni lun: bit axit no mnh axitno yu cn nh Axit ko c Oxi th HCl v HBr, HI mnh trong HCl mnhHClO c hiu s O v H l 0 ------> yu*Axit mnh ko ng ngha ngha vi tnh OXH mnh".-Tt c cc mui c cha ion: NO3-; CH3COO-, NO2-; mui cha cation kim loi kim, mui amoni u tan.-Hu ht cc mui cha ion halogenua u tan tr : AgX (X t Cl--> I), PbX2 l t tan-Hu ht cc mui (SO4)2- u tan ch tr BaSO4, BbSO4 khng tan, v CaSO4, AgSO4 t tan.-Hu ht cc mui cha ion S2-; (PO4)2-, (CO3)2-; (SiO3)2- u t tan hc khng tn ti.-Hu ht cc hidroxit u t tan hoc khng tan tr nhm kim loi kim, kim th v amoni.Cation Fe 3+ mu nu . Kt ta Fe(OH)3mu nu . Kt ta Fe(OH)2mu trng (hi ng xanh). Kt ta Al(OH)3mu trng. ( dng keo , tan trong NaOH ) Kt ta CaCO3mu trng. Kt ta BaCO3mu trng. Kt ta BaSO4mu trng.(khng tan trong bt k axit no) Kt taAgClmu trng khi em ra nh sng ha en. Kt taPbSmu en. CuO l cht bt mu en CuSO4l cht bt trng, nhng khi ngm nc CuSO4.5H2O l mu xanh (lc ny vn xem l th rn ) Kt ta Cu(OH)2mu xanh lam. Kt ta Mg(OH)2mu trng. Kt ta Zn(OH)2mu trng.