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THE SUNNada Al-Haddad
KU Leuven
SHINE 2011
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OUTLINES
• Properties
• Core
• Radiative Zone
• Convective Zone
• Photosphere
• Chromosphere
• Corona
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• Main Sequence G star• M⨀ = 2x1030 kg• R⨀ = 7x108 m = 7x105
km• L⨀ = 3.9x1026 W (Solar
Constant = 1350 W/m2)• Mean Density =
Mass/Volume = M/((4/3)πR3)= 1400 kg/m3 = 1.4 g/cm3
Properties
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Main Regions
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The coreEnergy generation through nuclear burning
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Main Regions
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Adapted from George Rafflet at Jigsaw, India 2007
The coreEnergy generation through nuclear burning
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Main Regions
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Radiative ZoneEnergy transportation through Radiation
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Main Regions
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Main Regions
Convective ZoneEnergy transportation through Convection
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Convective ZoneEnergy generation through nuclear burning
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Main Regions
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Photosphere• Source of Photons• 6000 K
SUNSPOTS
• Low temperature in the photosphere ~ 4780 K
•Intense magnetic field
•Days-Weeks
Features:
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• 1600 Km
• 10^-4 the intensity of the
photosphere
• Temperature increase 4400-100000 K
• He II, Fe II, Si II, Cr II and Ca II
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Chromosphere
Features:
• Flares
• Prominences
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Transition region
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Corona
• Very high temperature• Visible at total eclipse • No well defined outer
boundary • Low density
5273 K
2,000,273 KFeatures:
• Coronal holes
Dark in X-ray and EUV
Low density High speed Solar wind
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Solar windQuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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• Constant stream of charged particles (Plasma)
from Sun to beyond pluto ( 5900 million km)
• 95% protons & electrons, 5% isotopes: helium-3,
helium-4, neon-20, neon-21, neon-22, and argon-
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• Average speed 450 km/s
• Average Density 4 atoms/cm3
• Shapes the magnetosphere 14
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Solar windQuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
• Constant stream of charged particles (Plasma)
from Sun to beyond pluto ( 5900 million km)
• 95% protons & electrons, 5% isotopes: helium-3,
helium-4, neon-20, neon-21, neon-22, and argon-
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• Average speed 450 km/s
• Average Density 4 atoms/cm3
• Shapes the magnetosphere 15
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Solar Cycle
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Solar Cycle
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Coronal Mass Ejections
• explosions in the Sun's corona
• huge bubbles of gas threaded with magnetic field lines
• 10^6 K
• A lot of material is thrown out into the solar wind
• CME's can seriously disrupt the Earth's environment
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Dank U Wel!
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