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The BUILDING and CONSTRUCTION metaphors
1. The European Union needs to do
more to _____________ its
relationship with the old Eastern Bloc
countries.
2. He said the European Union had toclean up its _____________.
3. The country now ___________over
its neighbours both in terms of
population and wealth.4. There is no painless way to get
inflation down. We now have an
excellent _____________on which to
build.
cement
backyard
towers
foundation
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5. The prestigious title offered a _____________tosuccess in the highly competitive world of
modelling.
6. Planning and prioritising are the_____________to service improvement.
7. This event offers a _____________on the latest
green technology.
gateway
keys
window
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a) against a brick wall
b) on your doorstep
c) on the tilesd) laid the foundations
e) a foot in the door
f) hit the roof
g) through the back doorh) like a ton of bricks
1. Why are you taking such alow-paid job? Im sure youcould find something better.
> I know, but its a goodcompany. I just want to get_____________ and withany luck I can work my wayup.
2. I think the business is readyto expand now.
> I agree, weve_____________ and its timeto build on them.
3. Mary looks cross aboutsomething. Whatshappened?
> I just asked if I could leave
early tonight and she camedown on me ___________
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a) against a brick wall
b) on your doorstepc) on the tiles
d) laid the foundations
e) a foot in the door
f) hit the roof
g) through the backdoor
h) like a ton of bricks
4. Ive just told my dadabout my exam results.He wasnt very pleased.
> Neither was mine. He_____________when Itold him Id failedstatistics.
5. I dont know how you canlive in the middle of town.It must be awful.
> Its all right once youreused to it. Youve goteverything right_____________
6. How did you manage toget a job with the bank?
> Well, I got in_____________ really.My uncle plays tennis
with one of the directors.
hit the roof
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a) against a brick wall
b) on your doorstepc) on the tiles
d) laid the foundations
e) a foot in the door
f) hit the roof
g) through the back door
h) like a ton of bricks
7. You still havent got ajob, then?
> No, Im afraid not. Iveapplied for maybethirty and I haventhad one interview. Ifeel as if Im banging
my head_____________
8. You look as if youhad a late night lastnight.
> Yes. It was mybrothers birthday sowe went out for anight _____________
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Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) (BE)_____________ an international organization that(ESTABLISH) _____________ rules forinternational trade through consensus among itsmember states. It also (RESOLVE) __________disputes between the members, which (BE)_____________ all signatories to its set of tradeagreements.
The organization's headquarters (LOCATE)_____________ in Geneva, Switzerland. There(BE) _____________ 153 member states in theorganization, the latest to join (BE) _____________Cape Verde on July 23, 2008.
is
establishes
resolves
are
are located
are
being
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The Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 (PROPOSE)
_____________ the creation of an International TradeOrganisation (ITO) to establish rules and regulations
for trade between countries. Members of the UN
Conference on Trade and Employment in Havana
(AGREE) _____________ to the ITO charter inMarch 1948, but ratification (BLOCK)
_____________ by the U.S. Senate. Some historians
(ARGUE) _____________ that the failure
(MAY/RESULT) _____________ from fears within theAmerican business community that the International
Trade Organization (CAN/USE) _____________ to
regulate big business.
proposed
agreed
was blocked
have argued
may have resulted
could be used
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Only one element of the ITO (SURVIVE)
_____________: the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT). Seven rounds of negotiations(OCCUR) _____________ under the GATT before
the eighth round - known as the Uruguay Round
which (BEGIN) _____________ in 1986 and
(CONCLUDE) _____________ in 1995 with theestablishment of the WTO. The GATT principles
and agreements (ADOPT) _____________ by the
WTO, which (CHARGE) ____________ with
administering and extending them and
approximately 30 other agreements and resolving
trade disputes between member countries.
survived
occurred
began
were adopted
was charged
concluded
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The WTO (STATE) _____________ that its
aims (BE) _____________ to increase
international trade by (PROMOTE)
_____________ lower trade barriers and
(PROVIDE) _____________ a platform for the
negotiation of trade and to their business.
states
are
promoting
providing
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Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition
The General Agreement __________ Trade__________ Services (GATS) is the first andonly set __________ multilateral rules governing
international trade __________ services.Negotiated __________ the Uruguay Round, itwas developed __________ response__________ the huge growth __________ theservices economy __________ the past 30years and the greater potential __________trading services brought ____________________ the communications revolution.
ON
IN IN
OF
IN
TO
IN
OVER
OF
BY
ABOUT
FOR
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Services represent the fastest growing sector __________
the global economy and account __________ two thirds
__________ global output, one third __________global employment and nearly 20% __________ global
trade.
When the idea __________ bringing rules __________
services __________ the multilateral trading system was
floated __________ the early __________ mid 1980s, anumber __________ countries were sceptical and even
opposed. They believed such an agreement could
undermine governments ability to pursue national policy
objectives and constrain their regulatory powers. The
agreement that was developed, however, allows a high
degree __________ flexibility, both __________ the
framework __________ rules and also __________ terms
__________ the market access commitments.
OF
OF
OF
FOR
WITHINOF
OF IN
OF
OF
OF ON
INTO
IN TOOF
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1. Any state or customs territory has full autonomy in the
conduct of its ______________
2. trade policies may join the WTO, but WTO members
must agreed ________________
3. on the terms. The application go through four stages:
First, the government _________
4. apply for membership has to describe all aspects of itstrade and __________________
5. economic politics that have a bearing on WTO
agreements. This is ________________
6. submit to the WTO in a memorandum which is examined
by the __________________7. working party dealt with the countrys application.
Second, when the ______________
HAVING
AGREE
GOES
APPLYING
POLICIES
SUBMITTED
DEALING
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8. working party have made sufficient progress on principles
and policies, ____________
9. parallel bilateral talks beginning between the prospective
new member and _________
10. individual countries. Third, once the working party had
completed its _____________
11. examination of the applicants trade regime, the working
party finalise ____________12. the terms of accession. Finally, the package, consists of
the report, _______________
13. protocol and lists of commitments, are presented to the
WTO General ____________
14. Council or the Ministerial Conference. If a two-thirdmajority of WTO ___________
15. members vote for favour, the applicant is free to sign the
protocol and ____________to accede to the organisation. In many cases, the countrys own parliament or
legislature has to ratify the agreement before membership is complete.
HAS
HAS
FINALISES
CONSISTING
BEGIN
IS
THIRDS
IN