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Dr. Deryck D. Pattron, Ph.D.Pubic Health Scientist & Consultant
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Environmental conflicts Environmental law Dispute resolution
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Conflict Differing values, actions ordirections
Environmental conflicts Disagreement over alternative uses
of available resources
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Two main ways:1. Environmental Laws
2. Dispute Resolution
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DefinitionComplex and interlocking body ofstatutes that operate to regulate theinteraction of human activity andenvironmentalism
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Concerned with: Air quality
Water quality
Global climate change
Agricultural biodiversity
Waste management
Sustainable development
other
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1.Common Law
2.Statutory Law
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Based on precedent and/or past legal decision
Application of common law:
Tort-A claim brought by an injured plaintiff Types of redress
Injunction or court refrain order
Compensation
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1.Nuisance
2.Trespass
3.Negligence
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oDefinitionA class of wrongs that arise from
the unreasonable, unwarrantable,or unlawful use of a persons own
property that produces annoyance,
inconvenience, or material injury
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o Definition
The uninvited entry of a person,
agent or object onto another
persons property, including
ones own body
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o DefinitionWillful disrespect for the rights of a
persons property, person or thing
Strict liability
The responsibility of the manufacturer toassume responsibility for goods and
services under his jurisdiction
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The body of acts passed by alocal/state legislature
Govern how environment andhuman health are protected andhow resources should be managed
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Clean Air Act (1970)
Clean Water Act (1972)
National Environmental Policy Act (1969) Endangered Species Act (1973)
Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(1976)
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Public Health Ordinance of 1917 Yellow Fever Regulations of 1979 Litter Act 27 of 1973 Food & Drugs Act & Regulations of 1960 Pesticides & Toxic Chemicals Act of
1979/2005 Municipal Corporations Act (Abattoir Bye
Laws) Occupation Safety & Health Act of 2004 Environmental Management Authority Act of
2000.All Rights Reserved (c) 2009
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Member of Parliament proposes bill
Approval of bill by both houses of Parliament
Bill goes to President forsignature
If approved, bill is called an Act
Published in the local Gazette
Parliament authorizes Govt agencies to createRegulations
Public review & revision
Legislation returns to Parliament for acceptance and is thenpublished in the local Gazette
Bill can go through upto several revisions
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The process by which disputing parties reach amutually acceptable solution to a problem.
Reasons for dispute resolution costly lawsuits drawn-out decision making process court decisions can be appealed court decisions may be unsatisfactory to all
better expectations, through more publicparticipation & empowerment in resource &environmental management
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1. Public consensus to solicit the views of the public
2. Negotiation to reach a decision by consensus
3. Mediation to utilize a third party facilitator todiscover facts from opinions
4. Arbitration to utilize a third party arbitrator tomake a decisive decision which in most cases maynot be binding
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Clearly defined issues
Perception of balance of power between
parties
A formally agreed-upon agenda
Willing to explore new ideas
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Advantages:o All parties have a better chance to resolve
conflictso
Solutions can be generated rapidlyo Alternative to costly litigation
Disadvantages:
o Inadequate fundingo Loss of statuso Doubt in attaining a favourable outcomeo Outcomes may not be legally enforced
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Morgan, MT. 2003. Environmental Health.
Australia: Thomson Wadsworth
Pattron, D. 2004. Recent Research in PublicHealth. New York: Scientific Publishers.
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