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PREPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE
FROM RAW MATERIAL - EGGSHELL
NURHAZIRAH BT MOHAMED HALMI (167960)
SUPERVISOR : PROF DR SIDEK ABD AZIZ
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Research background
• This research is focusing on how to prepare a Wollastonite from the SLS glass and CaO (eggshells) through the heat treatment.
• Wollastonite is composed of calcium (Ca) and silica (SiO2) with the chemical formula CaSiO3.
• Abundance of waste product disposed by communities gives huge environmental impacts.
• Thus some proper treatments are highly required for the environment.
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Wollastonite
CaCO3 + SiO2 CaSiO3
Theoretical composition of 48 wt.% CaO and 52 wt.% SiO2
White in color
Filler in paints and coating, plastics, ceramics, automobile industry
Medical materials for artificial bones and dental roots
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INTRODUCTION
SLS (Soda Lime Silica)
As glass container and flat glasses
Consist of 70% SiO2, 15% Na2O , 9% CaO
Most prevalent type of glass
100% recyclable and can be recycled a million times over to produce bottles and jars
of the same high quality
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INTRODUCTION
Eggshell (CaO)
Consisted of 94% of CaCO3, 1% of MgCO3, 1% of Ca3(PO4)2 and 4% organic
substances.
Eggshell calcium content is 28.2-41.2% , phosphorus content is 0.102%
CaO were produced from CaCO3 through
calcination process. CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Melting point of 2572°C
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ecological legislation has a high demand towards recycling industrial wastes on how to achieve healthy environment without any threat to the living organisms; human, animals and plants.
The growth in the world population caused the expansion of housing and growth in construction industries.
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OBJECTIVES
• To extract calcium oxide, CaO decarbonized from calcium carbonate, CaCO3 through calcination process.
• To prepare Wollastonite glass-ceramic from the mixture of soda lime silica (SLS) glass added with CaO from waste material of eggshell.
• To study the physical and structure on the effect of heat treatment of wollastonite glass-ceramic.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Nour et. al (2008) Recycled wastes as precursor for synthesizing wollastonite
• Production of wollastonite became a solution for getting over the accumulation of the wastes and forming a suitable precursor for the tile industries.
• Wollastonite has found its application in the production of heat-insulating ceramics, automobile industry as well as a filler in paints.
Kotsis & Balogh, (1989)
Synthesis of Wollastonite • ß-wollastonite is transformed to α-wollastonite at 1125°C
• The composition of the mixtures corresponds to a 1:1 molar ratio of CaO and SiO2, in all cases.
WO
LLA
STO
NIT
E
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Puntharod et. al (2013)
Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite from egg shell and diatomite by the hydrothermal method
• Chemical composition of eggshell is calcium carbonate (94%), magnesium carbonate (1%), calcium phosphate (1%), and organic matter (4%) by weight
Zhang & Liu, (2013)
A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass–ceramics directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization–sintering
• Raising temperature had a considerable influence on strength but less on hardness of glass–ceramics.
WO
LLA
STO
NIT
E
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Author Research Findings
Marinoni et.al (2013)
Effects of soda-lime-silica waste glass on mullite formation kinetics and micro-structures development in vitreous ceramics
• Glass cullets (referred to as soda-lime or soda- lime-silica (SLS) glass) from urban waste consist mainly of silicon, sodium and calcium oxides.
Bateni et. al (2014) Effect of soda-lime-silica glass addition on the physical properties of ceramic obtained from white rice husk ash
• The effect of sintering on the density of SLS glass showed that increasing the sintering temperature above 627°C, increases the density of SLS glass
SOD
A L
IME
SILI
CA
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Collecting raw material
Clean and dry at room
temperature
Heat in oven at 200⁰C for 2
hours
Crushing Grinding Sieving
METHODOLOGY
1 2 3
4 5 6
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METHODOLOGY
Undergo calcination
process 900⁰C
Weighing and mixing
Milling process (50rpm for 24
hours)
Melt and quenching process
at 1400⁰C for 2 hours
Glass frits Grind the
glass frits into powder
7 8 9
10 11 12
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Pelletizing process Sintering Process Analysis XRD, XRF, FTIR ,UV-VIS, Density 13 14 15
METHODOLOGY
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Analysis Expected Result
XRD • To obtain information about the structure of crystalline materials. • Determine whether the samples are in amorphous or in
the crystalline phase.
XRF • Show the dominant element in the sample.
FTIR • Structural bonding of wollastonite.
Density • Find the density of compound form.
EXPECTED RESULT
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1. Nour, W. M. N., Mostafa, a. a., & Ibrahim, D. M. (2008). Recycled wastes as precursor for synthesizing wollastonite. Ceramics International, 34(1), 101–105. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.08.019
2. Vichaphund, S., Kitiwan, M., Atong, D., & Thavorniti, P. (2011). Microwave synthesis of wollastonite powder from eggshells. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 2435–2440. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.026
3. Zhang, W., & Liu, H. (2013). A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass – ceramics directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization – sintering. Ceramics International, 39(2), 1943–1949. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.08.044
4. Obeid, M. M. (2014). Crystallization of Synthetic Wollastonite Prepared from Local Raw Materials. International Journal of Materials and Chemistry. Scientific & Academic Publishing.
5. Puntharod, R., Sankram, C., Chantaramee, N., Pookmanee, P., & Haller, K. J. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite from egg shell and diatomite by the hydrothermal method. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 14(2), 198–201.
6. Marinoni, N., D’Alessio, D., Diella, V., Pavese, A., & Francescon, F. (2013). Effects of soda-lime-silica waste glass on mullite formation kinetics and micro-structures development in vitreous ceramics. Journal of Environmental Management, 124, 100–107. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.048
7. Kotsis, I., & Balogh, A. (1989). Synthesis of wollastonite. Ceramics International, 15(2), 79–85. http://doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(89)90018-7
REFERENCES
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