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Sweet pea phenotypes observed in the F2 Bateson and Punnett (1906)
PPLL (purple, long) x ppll (red, round)
F2
9:3:3:1)Purple, long (P- L-) 284 215
Purple, round (P- ll) 21 71
Red, long (pp L-) 21 71
Red, round (pp ll) 55 24
Total 381 381
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cis-configuration
(coupling)
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trans-configuration
(repulsion)
+
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+
+
Metaphase I Telophase I Tetrads
Non-recombinant
Non-recombinant
Recombinant
Recombinant
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Meiosis.html#crossing_over
Five chiasmata in a tetrad of the grasshopper
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df=3
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Hermaphroditus
Son of Hermes & Aphrodite
From Greek Mythology Link: http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Hermaphroditus.html
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XX
XOXX
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2002
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XRXR XrY
XR Xr Y
parents
gametes
gametes
F1
F2
XRXr XRY
XR Xr XR Y
XRXR XRYXRXr XrY
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Queen Victoria(1819-1901)
Albert
Alexis (14)
Nicholasof Russia
Frederic IIIof Germany
Alfonso XIII
Edward VII
(31) (20)
(33) (23)
(31)
(3)
(56) (4) (20)
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Questions
1 Answer the following questions about the Bateson and Punnett
study of sweet pea plants.
1) How would you explain the observed ratio?
2) By what process have the new combinations of characters, such
as red flowers and long pollen grains, come about?
2. Concerning the F2 result of a cross, prpr vgvg x pr+pr+vg+vg+,
1) Calculate the value of 2.
2) State the number of degrees of freedom that should be used for
reading the probability form the table.
3) What conclusion can be drawn from the test?
3. Explain what is meant by the term sex-linkage. Use examples to
illustrate your answer.
4. Why can a man not pass on an X-linked gene to his sons?
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C1C1 C2C2
F1 C1C2
F2
C1C1 C1C2 C2C2
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sicklecellanemia.htmlhttp://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/ImagePages/1494.html
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A B 1
AB
ABO
IAIB
IBIB, IBi
http://www.hokkaido.bc.jrc.or.jp/laboratory/abo.htm
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popo pbpb pypy
F2 (pypb)F2 (popb) F2 (pbpb)
Adamkewicz and Castagana (1988), Journal of Heredity 79, 15 (Figure 1).
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shepherd’s purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris