4.14.24.3

SQL ServerSELECT4.1

SQL Server T-SQL

SQL 4-1

T-SQL 4-1 T-SQL

+-~1*/%2++-3=>=

T-SQLAVGSUMCOUNTMAXMIN

GETDATEYEARMONTHDAYSUBSTRINGLEN6

SQL Server

mastermasterUSEUSEUSE database_nametrafficUSE traffic

SELECTSELECTSELECTSELECT select_list/**/FROM table_source/*

*/[WHERE search_condition]/**/[ORDER BY order_expression[ASC | DESC]]/**/

select_listselect_list ::= [ALL | DISTINCT][TOP n [PERCENT][WITH TIES]]FROM

WHEREORDER BYSELECT

SELECTcol_listSELECTSELECT col_list

col_list ::= { * /**/| {table_name |view_name |table_alias}.* /**/ | {column_name | expression | IDENTITYCOL | ROWGUIDCOL}

[[AS] column_alias]/**/| column_alias=expression /**/ }[,n]

SELECTSELECT column_name[,n]

FROM table_name*4-1trafficjsy

USE trafficSELECT FROM jsy4.1

4-2clSELECT * FROM cl4.2

4-3cl

SELECT AS FROM cl4.3

4-4jsySELECT number, name, markFROM jsy4.4

SELECT

4-5clSELECT =*0.8FROM cl4.5

SELECTSELECTSELECT[ALL | DISTINCT][TOP n [PERCENT]]

ALLDISTINCTTOP nnnSELECT

TOP n TOP n PERCENTn%4-6clSELECT FROM cl4.6

4-7clSELECT DISTINCT AS FROM cl4.7

4-8xcSELECT DISTINCT ,FROM xc4.8

4-9jsy 5SELECT TOP 5FROM jsy4.9

4-10jsy 5%SELECT TOP 5 PERCENTFROM jsy4.10

GOGOGOGO

WHERESELECT select_listFROMtable_name

WHERE

search_conditionWHERE

ANDORANDORNOTANDOR

NOTWHEREFROM(

expression operator expressionexpression textntextimageoperator

=>!=

4-11 jsySELECTFROMjsyWHERE=4.11

4-12 cl10000SELECTFROMclWHERE= AND 100004.12

4-13 jsy2530SELECT,,FROMjsyWHERE!304.13

2T-SQLLIKELIKE

expression [NOT] LIKE pattern [ESCAPE escape_character]patternSQL Server

%_[][^]4-14 jsy

002SELECT,,FROMjsyWHERE LIKE 002%4.14

4-15 jsy002SELECT,,FROMjsyWHERE LIKE 002% AND LIKE %4.15

4-16 ddy7245 1SELECT,FROMjsWHERE LIKE 72_-1%4.16

4-17 ddy723234SELECT,FROMddyWHERE LIKE 72[2,3,4]%4.17

4-18 jsy12SELECT,,,FROMjsyWHERELIKE _ _[^1,2]4.18

ESCAPEESCAPE cl

89_202_102_12002189_2198924-19 cl2002

SELECT*FROMclWHERELIKE 02t_ _ ESCAPE t4.19t1_ 2_

3BETWEENBETWEENexpression [NOT] BETWEEN begin_expression

AND end_expressionbegin_expressionend_expressionbegin_expressionend_expressionBETWEENbegin_expression

end_expressionNOT BETWEENBETWEEN>=

TRUEFALSE4-20 cl50%20003000

SELECT,,=*(1+0.5)FROMclWHERE*(1+0.5) BETWEEN 2000 AND 30004.20

ININexpression [NOT] IN ( subquery | expression[,n] )sbuquery

expression[,n]INNOT IN4-21 jsy

SELECTFROMjsy WHERE IN ,,4.21

WHEREWHERE NOT IN ,,

4IS NULLexpression IS [NOT] NULLNOT

expressionTRUEFALSENOT4-22 xc

SELECT,,,FROMxcWHEREIS NULL4.22

SELECTSELECTORDERBY

ORDER BY {expression [ASC | DESC]}[,n]expressionASCDESCORDERBY

ASCDESCnNtexttextimageORDER BY

4-23jsySELECT ,,,FROM jsyWHERE =ORDER BY DESC4.23

4SELECT ,,,FROM jsy

WHERE =ORDER BY 4 DESCORDER BYexpression

4-24clSELECT,,,=round(/*100,2)

FROM clORDER BY DESC4.24

112

4-25jsySELECT ,,,FROM jsORDER BY ,DESC4.25

SELECTxccd

clWHEREFROMJOIN

SELECTWHERExccd

SELECT *FROM xc,cdWHEREnmn*m

WHERE

4-26SELECT xc.*,cd.*FROM xc,cdWHERE xc.=cd.4.26

SELECT xc.*,cd.,cd.,cd.,cd.FROM xc,cdWHERE xc.=cd.

WHERE4-270112AX1320

SELECT jsy.,jsy.,jsy.,jsy.FROM xc,jsyWHERE jsy.=xc. AND xc.=0112AND xc.=AX13204.27

4-28jsyddyddy

SELECT jsy., jsy., ddy., ddy.FROM jsy, ddyWHERE jsy.

SELECTWHERE

SQL ServerSELECT6458SELECT8

4-29SELECT t1., t3.,t4.,t3., t2.FROM jsy t1, ddy t2, cd t3, xc t4WHERE t4.=t1.

AND t4.=t.AND t4.=t.4.29FROM t1t2t3 t4jsy ddycd xc

JOIN FROMJOINFROM joined_tablejoined_talbeON

|CROSS JOIN |table_sourcejoin_typeON

search_conditionCROSS JOINjoined_tablejoin_type[INNER | {LEFT | RIGHT | FULL}][OUTER][]JOIN

INNEROUTER

LEFT OUTER RIGHT OUTERFULL OUTER

join_hint4-30

SELECT jsy., , FROM jsy INNER JOIN xc ON jsy.=xc. 4.30INNER

FROMWHERE4-310111AX1320

SELECT , FROM jsy JOIN xc ON jsy.=xc. WHERE =AX1320 AND=01114.31

4-32SELECT , , FROM ddy LEFT OUTER JOIN xc ON xc.=ddy.4.32

4-33SELECT xc.*, cl.FROM xc RIGHT JOIN cl ON xc.=cl.4.33

SUM ( )AVG ( )4.2

MIN ( )MAX ( )COUNT ( )

SUM/AVG/MIN/MAX ([ALL | DISTINCT]expression)COUNT({[ALL | DISTINCT]expression} | * )1ALLDISTINCT

NULL ALL2COUNT*3SUMAVGMINMAX4MINMAX

5COUNT unique identifiertextimagentext

4-34clSELECT =SUM ()FROM clWHERE =4.34

4-35jsySELECT =MAX ()FROM jsyWHERE =4.35

4-36SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ) AS FROM xc4.36

4-37clSELECT COUNT(*) AS FROM cl4.37

GROUP BY GROUP BY[GROUP BY [ALL] | expression[,n][WITH{CUBE | ROLLUP}]]

expressionALLCUBEROLLUP

4-39clSELECT , COUNT(*) AS FROM clGROUP BY 4.39

GROUP BY SELECT GROUP BYGROUP BY4-40cl

SELECT , , =AVG(), =SUM()

FROM clGROUP BY , ORDER BY 4.40

4-41SELECT , , =SUM ()FROM clGROUP BY, WITH CUBE

4.41CUBE7

HAVING GROUPBYHAVINGHAVINGWHERE

HAVING[HAVING]search_condition4-42jsy

25SELECT , =AVG()FROM jsyWHERE =GROUP BYHAVING AVG()>25

WHEREGROUPBYHAVINGWHEREFROMGROUPBYWHEREHAVINGGROUPBY

4-430111SELECT FROM xcWHERE =0111GROUP BYHAVING COUNT(*)>=24.43

COMPUTE GROUPBYCOMPUTE

COMPUTE[COMPUTE(expression)[,n][BY colume_name[,n]]expression

BY4-44

SELECT, , FROM jsyWHERE IN (,)COMPUTE AVG()4.44

4-45SELECTFROM jsyWHERE IN (,)ORDER BYCOMPUTE AVG() BY4.45

4-444-45COMPUTE COMPUTE BYCOMPUTE BYCOMPUTE BYORDER BY4-454-38

COMPUTE BYGROUP BYGROUP BY COMPUTE BY

1GROUP BYSELECTSELECTGROUP BY2COMPUTE BYCOMPUTE

SELECT3COMPUTE BYORDER BYCOMPUTE BYORDER BYGROUP BYORDER BY

SELECT

T-SQLSELECT INEXISTSIN IN

expression [NOT] IN (subquery )subqueryexpressionINTRUEFALSE

NOT4-46AX1320

SELECT , , FROM ddy WHERE IN (SELECT DISTINCTFROM xcWHERE =AX1320)4.46

SELECT DISTINCT FROM xcWHERE =AX1320

011101120113ddy

ddy IN

ddy

IN2EXISTS IN

EXISTSEXISTS

[NOT]EXISTS (subquery)subqueryEXISTSTRUEFALSENOT4-477013

SELECT , , FROM jsy WHERE EXISTS (SELECT FROM xcWHERE =jsy. AND =7013)4.47

jsy

FALSEjsyjsy

TRUEjsy

EXISTSIN INEXISTSIN

EXISTS*4-48

SELECT DISTINCT FROM xc t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *FROM xc t2WHERE t1.=t2. AND t1.!=t2.)4.48

4-48SELECT DISTINCT FROM xc t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT *FROM xc t2WHERE t1.=t2. AND t1.!=t2.)

t1t2t1t1t2t1

expression{< | > | = | = | | !> | !< | != } | {ALL | SOME | ANY }(subquery)

ALLSOMEANYALLTUREFALSESOMEANY

TUREFALSE4-49 SELECT ,FROM jsy

WHERE > ALL (SELECT FROM jsy WHERE IN (,,))4.49

4-500122SELECT , , FROM cd

WHERE = (SELECT FROM xc WHERE =0122)4.50

=INWHERE

SELECT , FROM cl WHERE > AVG()

4-51SELECT , FROM cl WHERE > (SELECT AVG() FROM cl)4.51

4-52SELECT , , FROM jsyWHERE IN

(SELECT DISTINCTFROM xcWHERE NOT IN SELECT FROM ddy WHERE =4.52

CASESELECTjsy

bit10

T-SQLCASECASECASECASECASECASECASE

input_expression{WHEN when_expression THEN result_rxpression}[,n][ELSE else_result_expression]END

input_expressionwhen_expressionresult_rxpressionelse_result_expression

4-53SELECT , , =CASE

WHEN 1989 THEN WHEN 2000 THEN WHEN 2001 THEN ENDFROM cl4.53

CASECASECASE WHEN boolean_expression THEN result_rxpression}[,n][ELSE

else_result_expression]ENDboolean_expressionWHENboolean_expressionTRUEWHEN

result_rxpressionTRUEboolean_expressionELSEelse_result_expressionELSENULL

4-54AX1320SELECT xc., , =CASE WHEN >=200

THEN WHEN>=100 AND

ENDFROM xc, cdWHERE xc.=AX1320 AND xc.=cd.4.54

INTOSELECTINTO[INTO new_table]new_tableSELECT

SELECT SELECTCOMPUTEINTO

4-55jsySELECT, , INTO jsy_zhFROM jsyWHERE = 4.55

SQL Server4.3

SQL Server

Base Table

1

2

3

4

SQL Server

CREATE VIEWT-SQLCREATEVIEWCREATE

VIEW[.][.]view_name[(column_name[,n])]AS select_statement[WITH CHECK OPTION]select_staement

SELECTSELECTSELECTCOMPUTECOMPUTE BYORDER BY

INTOWITHCHECKOPTIONselect_sataemen

4.56CREATEVIEWjsy_01vAS

SELECT , , , , , FROM jsyWHERE=WITHCHECKOPTION4.56

jsy_01vjsyjsy_01vjsyjsy_01v

4-57CREATEVIEWjsy_xcvAS

SELECT jsy., jsy., xc., xc.FROM jsy, xcWHERE jsy.=xc. 4.57

4-58CREATEVIEWjsyxc_01vASSELECT jsy_01v., cd., cd., cd.,xc., xc.

FROM jsy_01v, cd, xcWHERE jsy_01v.=xc. AND xc.=cd..4.58

4-59CREATEVIEWjsy_avgASSELECT , , =AVG()

FROM jsy GROUP BY, 4.59

4-57 1traffic

4-604-61SQLSELECT

24-62

3jsyxc4-63

4jsyxcxc.SELECT

4-64SELECT

5SELECT4-65

6

4.60jsy_01v1980-1-1

SELECT ,FROM jsy_01vWHERE >'1980-01-01'4.66

4.61jsyxc_01v200SELECT , , FROM jsyxc_01vWHERE>2004.67

1SELECTTOPGROUP BYUNIONDISTINCT2UNION ALL

CHECKCREATE TABLE jsyxc1

( char(8), char(8), int NULL)CREATE TABLE jsyxc2( char(8), char(8),int NULL)jsyxc1jsyxc2

CHECKBETWEEN 0020100 AND 0020500 BETWEEN 0010100 AND 0010500CREATEjsyxc_v

CREATE VIEW jsyxc_vASSELETE *FROM jsyxc1UNION ALLSELECT *

FROM jsyxc2

4.62jsy_01vINSERT INTO jsy_01vVALUES(0020109, , , , 1980-02-14, 30)

4.63jsy_01vUPDATE jsy_01vSET =-2

DELETE4.64jsy_01v0020103DELETE FROM jsy_01vWHERE =0020103

traffic/4-68

4-69

ALTER VIEWALTER VIEW[.][.]view_name

[(column_name[,n])]AS select_statement[WITH CHECK OPTION]CREATE VIEW4-65jsyxc_01v

ALTERVIEWjsyxc_01v AS SELECT jsy_01. ,jsy_01., cd., cd.,cd.

FROM jsy_01v, xc, cdWHERE jsy_01.=xc. AND cd.=xc.

1traffic

2SQLSELECT

DROP VIEW{view_name}[,n]view_name

jsy_01vDROP VIEW jsy_01v

SQL ServerSELECT

SELECT

JIONGROUPBYHAVINGCOMPUTE

INEXISTSCASEINTO