Download - 60 - slb-sis.com.cn
2
Karasani AuliaBambang PoernomoWilliam C. RichmondAri Haryanto WicaksonoP.T
Riau Minas
Paul BéguinDominique BenimeliIsabelle DubourgGilles RouaultPeter VanderWal
Clamart
Austin BoydRidgefield
Sherif Farag
Paolo Ferraris
Anne McDougall
Michael RosaDavid Sharbak
Elk Hills
TOTAL ABK Eric Bonnin David FoulonGregory Joffroy Bakersfield
Bob Davis Clamart Alison Goligher DonMcKeon Idaho Falls Idaho
Russ HertzogSugar Land Pam Rahmatdoost Duri
Lukas Utojo Wihardjo
AIT CBTCET CHFR
CPET ELANHRLA
Platform Express RSTSCALE BLASTER Spectrolith TDT
USITCRT Baker
Hughes
60
20 2050 [1]
60
12
32001
CHFR
Rt
I V
K R t
=KV/I CHFR
V I
1. Staff Report: Through-Staff casing Logging ToolsApproach Commercialization Gas Research InstituteGRID 1998 19-21
Blaskovich FT Historical Problems with Old FieldRejuvenation SPE 62518 20006 19-23 Long Beach
SPE/AAPG Western Regional Meeting SPE/AAPG
Rc
Rc
Rcem
Rt
RcemRt
4
mA/
m A
0. 5
0. 4
0. 3
0. 2
0. 1
00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
8
6
4
2
00 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
m
R t = 1 ohm-mR t = 10 ohm-mR t = 100 ohm-m
R t = 1 ohm-mR t = 10 ohm-mR t = 100 ohm-m
60
20.6m
10m
Vo
10 1100mV
10
> 3000m 9840 7 29lbm
1
3000m
52001
∆I∆R c
∆I
Rt
Rc
I
-
V 1
V 2
V 0
Rt
Rc
I
-
∆Rc
CHFR
CHFR
K
CHFRCHFR
K
CHFR
( V 1 - V2 5 -500 nV
( V 1,V 2 ) 20 -100 µV
( V0 ) 10 - 100 mV
0.5 - 3.0 A
20 - 100 µoh m
0.5 - 6.0 A
2 - 20 m A
0 - 3 A
( R c )
( I )
( )
( Id )
∆I
)
> CHFR
> CHFR AC
∆I
Vo V1 V2 Rc
> CHFR∆Rc
6
13 m
CHFR
oh
m-m
10 1
25201510 30 3550
CHFR
10 0
40 45 50
500 ft200 ft50 ft20 ft10 ft
J = 0. 5
DOI = 16.3 ft
R t = 10 ohm- mR xo = 1 ohm-mR sh = 100 ohm-m
CHFR
1 0.3m
5%
10
10-3 10-5
10-9
CHFR10-9 V
10-9 V
CHFRCHFR
43 13m 3 3/8
4 1/2
70
120
2CHFR
> CHFR> CHFR DOI
J=0.5Rt=10ohm-m Rxo=1ohm-m Rsh=100ohm-m CHFR 16 5mCHFR
72001
ohm
-m
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 2
10 1
10 2
10 1
10 2
10 1
9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9400 9450 9500 9550
9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9400 9450 9500 9550
9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9400 9450 9500 9550
ft
CHFR
HRLA
HALS
R tR xoR CHFRR CHFR /C
R HRLA1R HRLA2R HRLA3R HRLA4R HRLA5
R HRL SR HRL DR HLL SR HLL D
ohm
-moh
m-m
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR 1006
3
CHFR
SCALE BLASTER[2]
CHFR
CHFR 0.25-10Hz 1Hz
5-15mm 0.2-0.6
CHFRCHFR
2
104
120 371500
457m12CHFR
DOI
CHFRDOI 7-37 2-11m
CHFR
HRLAHigh HALS
> CHFR HRLA HALS 9280-9500Rt=40 ohm.m Rxo=4 ohm.m 20
1.5 2.0 ohm.m 9080-9250Rt 1.5-3.0 ohm.m Rxo=10 ohm.m 20 CHFR
KCHFR RCHFR/C 3.5 ohm.m 0.75
2. Brondel D Edwards R Hayman A Hill D MehtaS Semerad T Corrosion in the Oil Industry
6 2 1994 4 4-18
Crabtree M Eslinger D Fletcher P Miller M JohnsonA King G Fighting Scale-Removal and Prevention
11 3 199930-45
8
CHFR
R m R xo R t
R m
R xo
R t
CHFR
CHFR
Rt/Rcem
2Rt/Rcem 1
CHFRRt/Rcem 1
CHFR
CHFR1ohm-m
1-10ohm-m [3]
35%
4.57 9 5/8
0.75CHFR 1-100ohm-m
1-5 ohm-m10%
95% CHFR
CHFR
CB CET USI
VillejustCHFR 30
309
> CHFR CHFR
3. Klein JD Martin PR Miller AE Cement Resistivityand Implications for Measurement of FormationResistivity Through Casing SPE 26453
68 SPE1993 10 3-6
Klein JD Martin PR The Electrical Resistivity ofCement Final Report Gas Research Institute ReportGRI-94/0273 1994
92001
9450 9460 9470 9480 9490 9500 9510 952010 0
10 1
ft ft
ohm
-m
9450 9460 9470 9480 9490 9500 9510 952010 0
10 1
R t
0.75 in. R cem = 1 ohm-m1.5 in. R cem = 1 ohm-m3 in. R cem = 1 ohm-m0.75 in. R cem = 10 ohm-m1.5 in. R cem = 10 ohm-m3 in. R cem = 10 ohm-m
R t
0.75 in. R cem = 0.1 ohm-m1.5 in. R cem = 0.1 ohm-m3 in. R cem = 0.1 ohm- m
ohm
-m
CHFR
%
120
ohm- m
CHFR
-2 0
0
100
20
40
60
80
10 -1 10 1 10 210 0
R cem , ohm- m0. 11251020
Rt/R
CHFR
1. 6
R CHFR / R cem
( 7
0
1. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1. 0
1. 2
10 -2 10 1 10 210 0
0. 4
0. 2
10 -1
0.5 in .0.75 in .1.5 in .3 in .5 in .
> CHFR5 1/2 10000 3048m
>
7 0.75ohm-m1ohm-m CHFR
1.0ohm-m
> 7 CHFR
RCHFR/RCEM
10
1100
1125
1150
m
10 100µohm
20 100µohm
in . 0. 50
ohm- m
CHFR 1
CHFR 2
ohm- m
ohm- m
1
1
1
1000
1000
1000
USI
1
2
> CHFR USIVillejust CHFR 2
112001
1450
1500
Dept
h, m
CCL-1 9 1
API0 100
0 0 .0001
ohm- m
Platform Express
1 1000
ohm- m
CHFR
1 1000
m 3/m 30.45 -0.1 5
g/cm 31.95 2.95
ohm
CHFR
CHFR
Rohoel-Aufsuchungs AG RAG
7
4.5CHFR
CHFRCHFR
RAG
CHFR 1220-1250m
14
> CHFR 23
12
20 30 ConradMarcel
107 1010
10-200
60
[1]
1939 Alphin 1949Stewart
[2] 1972
Vail [3]
20 90
2 0 8 0ParaMagnetic Logging PML
[4] Alexander Kaufman
Vail [5]
GRI GTI [6]
1992 PML
[7]
7 100ohm.m
1994Rifle DOE MWX-2
[8] 1995GRI
[9]
TCRT [10]
Stewart WH: Electrical Logging Method and Apparatus2 459 196 1949 1 18
Fearon RE: Method and Apparatus for Electric Well Logging2 729 784 1956 1 3
Fearon RE: Method and Apparatus for Electric Well logging2 891 215 1959 6 16
Desbrandes and Mengez P Method and apparatus for Measuringthe Formation Electrical Resistivity in Wells having Metal Casing
72 41218 2 207 278 1972 11 20
Gard MF Kingman JEE and Klein JD:Method and Apparatus forMeasuring the electrical Resistivity of Geologic Formations ThroughMetal Drill Pipe or Casing 4 837 518 1989 66
Kaufman AA: Conductivity Determination in a Formation Having aCased Well 4 796 186 1989 1 3
Vail WB III:Methods and Apparatus For Measurement of The Resistivityof Geological Formations from Within Cased Boreholes
4 820 989 1989 4 11
Vail WB III: Methods and Apparatus for Measurement of ElectronicProperties of Geological Formations Through Borehole Casing
4 882 542 1989 11 21
Vail WB III:Methods and Apparatus for Measurement of Electronicproperties of Geological Formations through Borehole Casing
5 043 668 1991 8 27
Vail WB III: Measurement of In-Phase and Out-of-Phase Componentsof Low Frequency A.C. Magnetic Fields Within Cased Boreholes toMeasure Geological Properties of Geological Formations
5 065 100 1991 11 12
Vail WB II: Electronic Measurement Apparatus Movable in a CasedBorehole and Compensating for Casing Resistance Differences
5 075 626 1991 12 24
Vail WB III: Methods and Apparatus For Induction Logging in CasedBoreholes 5 075 626 1991 12 24
Gianzero SC Chemali RE Sinclair P and Su SM:Method andApparatus for Making Induction Measurements Through Casing
5 038 107 1991 8 6
2. Alpin LM: The method of the electric logging in the borehole with casing56 026 1939 11 30
Stewart 1
3. Desbrandes and Mengez 1
Mamedov NB: Performance Of Electrical Logging of The Cased Wellswith a Six-Electrode Sonde lzvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh ZavedeniyNeft I Gaz News of Higher Academic Institutions Oil and Gas
No.7 1987 11-15
4. Vail 1
5. Kaufman AA The Electrical Field in a Borehole with a Casing KaufmanAA Wightman WE: A Transmission-Line Model for Electrical LoggingThrough Casing
6. Schenkel CJ Morrison HF: Effects of Well Casing on Potential FieldMeasurements Using Downhole Current Sources Schenekel CJ: The
132001
CPET
20 80Ridgefield
SDR1992 Clamart
SRPC1995 SRPC
PML CHFR
19961998
[11] 100CHFR
CHFR2m 6.6
25cm 10CHFR
> CHFR
Electrical Resistivity Method in Cased Boreholes1991 LBL-31139
1991
Schenkel C and Morrison HF: Electrical Resistivity MeasurementThrough Metal Casing 59 no.10 1994 1072-1082
Klein 3
Klein Martin 3
Vail WB and Momii ST Proof of Feasibility of the Through CasingResistivity Technologym Final Report Gas Research Institute Report
GRI-96/033 1996
Zhang X Singer B and Shen LC: Quick Look Inversion of Through-Casing Resistivity Measurement Final Report Gas Research InstituteReport GRI-96/0001 1996
7. Vail WB Momii ST Woodhouse R Alberty Peveraro RCA and KleinJD Formation Resistivity Measurements Through Metal Casing1993 6 13-16 SPWLA34th Annual Logging Symposium 34
F
8. Vail WB Momii ST and Dewan JT Through Casing ResistivityMeasurements and Their Interpretation for Hydrocarbon Saturations
1995 10 22-25 SPESPE 30582
Vail WB Momii ST Haines H Gould JF Jr and Kennedy WD:Formation Resistivity Measurements Through Metal Casing at theMWX-2 well in Rifle Colorado 1995 6 26-29
SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium 36OO
9. Tabarovsky LA Cram ME Tamarchenko TV Strack K-M and SingerBS: Through-Casing Resistivity (TCR)-Physics Resolution and 3-deffects 1994 6 19-22
SPWLA 35th Annual Logging Symposium 35TT
Singer BS Fanini O Strack K-M Tabarovsky LA and zhang X:Through-Casing Resistivity: 2-D and 3-D Distortions and CorrectionTechniques 1995 6 26-29 SPWLA 36th
Annual Logging Symposium 36PP
Singer BS Fanini O Strack K-M Tabarovsky LA and Zhang X:
Measurements of Formation Resistivity Through Steel Casing 199510 22-25 SPE
SPE 30628
Maurer H-M Fanini O and Strack K-M: GRI Pursues Goal ofCommercial Through-Casing Resistivity Measurements, Gas ResearchInstitute Gas Tips 2 no.2 1996 10-13
Singer BS and Strack K-M: New Aspects of Through-Casing ResistivityTheory 63 no. 1 1998 52-63
10. Maurer HM and Hunziker J: Early Results of Through-Casing ResistivityField Tests 41 no. 4 2000 309-314
11. Wu X and Habashy TM: Influence of the Steel Casings onElectromagnetic Signals 59 no.2 1994 378-390
Beguin P Benimeli D Boyd A Dubourg I Ferreira A McDougallA Rouault G and VanderWal P: Recent Progress on FormationResistivity Measurement Through Casing 2000 6 4-7
SPWLA 41th AnnualLogging Symposium 41
CC
14
1 1000ohm- m
CHFR
0 0.0001ohm
0 0.0001ohm
1200
1250
m
API0 100
1 1000ohm- m
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR 1100 10%
1 100
100
CHFR
> CHFR 2
152001
X400
X450
X500
X550
X600
Platform Express
ohm- m0.2 2000
in .6 16 ohm- m0.2 2000
Platform Express
API0 150
ohm- m0.2 2000
R xo
ohm- m0.2 2000
CHFR
140 40µsec/ft
ft3/ft3 00. 6
> CHFR 6001 16 41cm 2 CHFR
3
16
XX30
XX70
7
4 1/2 .
m
XX50
CHFR
0.1 ohm-m 100
ohm-m
ohm-m
ohm-m
0.1 100
0.1 100
0.1 100
CHFR
CHFRAPI
1500
µA/cm2
µohm/ m
µA/cm2
0
0.015
7
100
0.005
8
TOTAL ABK
CHFR
CHFR
41/2 7
CHFR
CHFR
XX45 XX700.2-0.3
CHFR
CHFR5
0.75
CHFR CHFR
CHFR
CHFR
4 1.2m
1 7-37
2-11m
20 30
CHFRTDT
RST
> CHFR1.5 3.0
2 4 1/2
172001
0 API 200
X750
X800
X850
X900
1.65 g/cm3 2.65
CHFR 0.2 ohm-m 200
ohm-m
ohm-m
ohm-m
0.2 200
0.2 200
0.2 200
X640
X630
X660
X670
X650
3 0
S w2 /S w1
mV-80 20
API0 200
ohm-m2 200
ohm-m2 200
CHFR ohm-m2 200
CHFR
CHFR
LWD
CHFR
CHFR
X725-X950
100%
CHFR
CHFR200 32 3
CHFR
12 3.5m
> X725-X950
CHFR
> CHFR X6562 X644 12
3.5m 2150BOPD 342m3/d
18
CHFR
(<15 p.u.)
(< 20 ppk)
(>30 p.u.)
Rt
Rt
CHFR Rt /Rcem
CHFR
Rt
CHFR 4 - 6 RST C/O SpectroLith
RST
CHFR 40 lbm/
RST C/O
C/O
C/O
CHFR
2150 BOPD342 m3/d
CHFR
> CHFR RST C/O
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR
192001
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft30.5 0
X0950
X1000
X1050
X1100
ft3/ft3
CHFR (1 )
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
CHFR (2 )
CHFR (1)
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
CHFR (3 )
CHFR (2 )
ft3/ft3
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR CHFR
CHFR
0.5 0
0.5 0 0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0 0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
CHFRRST
RST
[4]
CHFRRST
15
CHFRX0995-X1085
100m
CHFR
4. Adolph B Stoller C Brady J Flaum C Melcher CRoscoe B Vittachi A and Schnorr D SaturationMonitoring with the RST Reservoir Saturation Tool
6 1 1994 1 29-39
Albertin I Darling H Mahdavi M Plasek R CedenoI Hemingway J Richter P Markley M Olesen J-R Roscoe B and Zeng W The Many Facets of PulsedNeutron Cased-Hole Logging 8
2 1996 28-41
> CHFR 12 2 3
3 4 CHFR 100m 330
CHFRRST
20
X0950
X1000
X1050
X1100
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
RST (1)
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
RST (1)
RST (2)
RST (2)
RST (3)ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
RST 1
RST 1
RST 2
RST 2
RST 3
RST 1
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0 0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
RST CHFR RST
Sw=1/f (Rw/Rt)1/2
CHFR
(RCHFR/ ROH ) 1/2 =
SwOH/ SWCHFR RCHFR CHFR
ROH
SwOH ROH ArchieSWCHFR RCHFR
CHFR
1K
NorthSlope 27
CHFR
X720-X740 X820-X955
HFRCHFR
RST
>
212001
X700
X750
X800
X850
X900
X950
API30
ohm
180
0 5x10 -5 ohm-m0. 2
CHF 200
ohm-m0.2 200
Archie S w
0 2
C/O
CHFR
0 5 10 15
C/O
C/O
C/O
C/O
C/O
C/OCHFR
C/O
CHFRCHFR
C/O CHFR
> North Slope CHFRX820-X955 X720-X740
>
C/OCHFR CHFR
14
22
#2
#3
API0 200
CHFR
ohm-m0.2 200
ohm-m0.2 200ft3/ft3
RST CHFR
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft30.5 0 ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ft3/ft3
ELAN
vol/vol1 0
r0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR C/O
CHFR
5. Akbra M Vissapragada B Alghamdi AH Allen DHerron M Carnegie A Dutta D Olesen J-RChourasiya RD Logan D Stief D Netherwood RRussell SD Sazena K A Snapshot of CarbonateReservoir Evaluation 124 2000/2001 20-41
C/O CHFR
[5]
C/O
12 30cm
CHFR
CHFR
CHFR
LWDCHFR
X850-X890 CHFR
50-100 15-30m LWD
> CHFR RST C/OCHFR
232001
X800
X900
-9 1
0 API 150
CHFR (9 28 )
CHFR (5 30 )
0.2 ohm-m 100
0.2 ohm-m 100
LWD0.2 ohm-m 100
X1000
X1050
X1100
0.2 ohm-m 100
0.2 ohm-m 100
0.2 ohm-m 100
CHFR (12 16 )
CHFR (10 20 )
CHFR (1 26 )
0.2 ohm-m 100
0 API 150
4 i n. 14
CHFR
6 8X0970-X1020
CHFR
X0970-X1020 CHFRCHFR
CHFR
BakerfieldElk Hills
121900 m3 1998 Elk
HillsOXY
OXY
25 CHFRBaker Atlas TCRT
> 2 4CHFR
LWD CHFRX850-890 CHFR
LWD
> 2 CHFRCHFR
CHFRCHFR X0970-X1020
CHFR CHFR
24
60005500
4000
4500
miles
km
3
5
0
0
Elk Hills,
ll
MBB MBB
1911 90020
40
C/O
CHFR0.3m
CHFR1000 300m
CHFR 1CHFR
12
> 31S B MBB Stevens
20
AIT ohm- m
10
1 10 201
70 135 200
CHFR
oh
m-m
, API
> Elk Hills CHFR
CHFR