Download - 8-CNS-ATM
-
B mnB mn K thut Thng tinK thut Thng tin
H ni, 10 - 2009
Email: [email protected]
Ging vin: TS.Ging vin: TS. Trng Tun Trng Tun
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H NiKhoa in t - Vin thng
nh v v dn ng in tnh v v dn ng in t
( Electronics Positioning and Navigation )( Electronics Positioning and Navigation )
-
Dn ng in tDn ng in tElectronic NavigationsElectronic Navigations
-
22. . H thng Thng tin Dn ng Gim st
v Qun l khng lu (CNS/ATM)
-
Qun l bay ATMAir Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management
Trong hot ng vn ti hng khng, QLB l lnh vc quan trng bc nht v n l yu t quyt nh tnh an ton cho cc hot ng hng khng (hnh khch, thit b bay...)
H thng k thut ngnh qun l bay tp trung 3 chuyn ngnh chnh:
Thng tin C (Communication)
Dn ng N (Navigation)
Gim st S (Surveillance)
-
Cc sn bay ti Vit Nam
1. Min Bc: Ni Bi, in Bin, N Sn (Sn La), Ct Bi
(Hi Phng), Vinh, ng Hi
2. Min Trung: Ph Bi (Hu), Nng, Pleiku, Ban M
Thut, Ph Ct (Bnh nh), Ph Yn, Cam Ranh
3. Min Nam: Bin Ha, Tn Sn Nht, Lt, Vng Tu,
Ph Quc, Cn o, Cn Th, Rch Gi
-
approach
airport A airport B
Ct cnhH cnh
Qun l khng lu Qun l khng lu -- ATMATMQun l khng lu Qun l khng lu -- ATMATM
Hng tuyn
(ng di)tip cntip cn
ti
cng
en route
Air Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management
ti
cng
take off landing
i pht mc
-
CNS/ATM
C=Communications N = Navigations S = Surveilance
1. UHF
2. VHF
3. HF
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
6. Vi ba
7. Di ng
1. Thp quan st
2. Taxi way
3. VHF
4. NDB
5. VOR/DME
6. ILS / MLS
7. GPS
8. n ng bng
1. Thp quan st
2. Truyn hnh cp
3. Radar
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
-
CNS/ATM
C=Communications N = Navigations S = Surveilance
1. UHF
2. VHF
3. HF
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
6. Vi ba
7. Di ng
1. Thp quan st
2. Taxi way
3. VHF
4. NDB
5. VOR/DME
6. ILS / MLS
7. GPS
8. n ng bng
1. Thp quan st
2. Truyn hnh cp
3. Radar
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
-
CNS/ATM
C=Communications N = Navigations S = Surveilance
1. UHF
2. VHF
3. HF
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
6. Vi ba
7. Di ng
1. Thp quan st
2. Taxi way
3. VHF
4. NDB
5. VOR/DME
6. ILS / MLS
7. GPS
8. n ng bng
1. Thp quan st
2. Truyn hnh cp
3. Radar
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
-
CNS/ATM
C=Communications N = Navigations S = Surveilance
1. UHF
2. VHF
3. HF
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
6. Vi ba
7. Di ng
1. Thp quan st
2. Taxi way
3. VHF
4. NDB
5. VOR/DME
6. ILS / MLS
7. GPS
8. n ng bng
1. Thp quan st
2. Truyn hnh cp
3. Radar
4. V tinh
5. TT Quang
-
Thng tin - Communications
* UHF, VHF, HF:
- Thng tin thoi qua b m.
- Taxi My bay : UHF
- My bay Thp quan st: VHF
- C ly xa: HF
* V tinh, cp quang, vi ba: kt ni mng thng tin gia cc sn bay vi
trung tm.
- Mi sn bay : 1 trm v tinh VSAT / DOMSAT
* Tng i: chuyn mch knh thng tin trong h thng
-
Gim st - Surveilance
1. Thp quan st: mt , ng nhm
2. Truyn hnh cp: quan st mt sn
3. Radar :
- t ti mt t (Ground-based)
- t trn khng (Air-based)
- Radar thi tit pha trc my bay (120 x 120): kch c, lng
in tch
- Radar o cao v quan st mt t
- Tr gip o vn tc (pht sng lin tc, iu tn tuyn tnh)
o cao: c ba phng php
Radar o cao
p k o cao: khc p sut theo cao
S dng radar s cp
-
Gim st - Surveilance
3. Radar (tip):
- Radar s cp vng tip cn
- Radar th cp vng ng di
4 + 5 : Thng tin v tinh + thng tin quang
Ni mng radar qua v tinh, mng cp quang: truyn nh radar
v trung tm x l quc gia
-
Dn ng - Navigations1. Thp quan st dn ng: s dng thng tin thoi lin lc v dn
ng2. Taxi ( Follow-me)3. VHF: ni dung thng tin dn ng4. VOR/DME:
- VOR: VHF OmniRange: pht mc v hng ti bng VHF tr gip xc nh
hng bay ti mt mc xc nh so vi hng chnh Bc - DME: Distance Measurement Equipment : tr gip kim tra v tr hin
ti camy bay c ng theo ti nguyn c n nh theo phng ngang hay
khng 5. ILS/MLS6. GPS / SNS (Sattelite Navigation System)7. n ng bng
-
Air Traffic Control
-
Taxiway Markings - Yellow
-
Threshold Markings Displacement
Markings
Taxiway
Sterile Area
-
Runway 22 heading South West
Runway 04 (Reciprocal) heading North East
-
Touchdown markings
Runway number
-
Runway 22 is heading SOUTH WEST
-
Take Off
30
-
VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range)
VORs operate between 108.0 to 117.95 MHz frequency band
System includes VOR ground station or transmitter VOR receiver in aircraft
In light aircraft this is often combined with the comm radio
Aircraft display CDI course deviation indicator TO/FROM indicator ON/OFF flag to determine field strength
Antenna
-
VOR
1 trm VOR -> 1 tn s VHF
N
TP. HCM
Hongkong
VHF: 108.0-117.95MHzLine of sight
-
VOR has Line of sight range
-
The frequencies
-
The Principle of the VOR
The VOR does not account for the aircraft heading
-
Relation between TRUE, MAGNETIC, and
COMPASS DIRECTIONS
-
Analogous Optical System
-
VOR Phase Angle Relationships
R: Reference signalV: Variable signal
Variable signal
Reference signal
VOR
-
VOR Phase Angle Relationships
-
VOR Phase Angle Relationships
-
DME
HD
R
treDMED ttcD '2
s ttreDME 50
10 (NMI)
-
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
Range is up to 199 NM at the high end of controlled airspace based on line of sight with accuracy of mile or 3% of the distance.
DME operates on frequencies from 962 to 1213 MHz. Operation
The aircraft transmitter sends out paired pulses at specific spacing.
The ground station receives the pulses and then responds with paired pulses at the same spacing but a different frequency.
The aircraft receiver measures the time it takes to transmit and receive the signal which is transmitted into distance.
-
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
DME Distances are Slant Range
-
VOR Combination
1. Using two VOR stations:
1
2
VOR1
VOR2
M
N
N
VOR/DME
M
N
d
2. Using a VOR/DME
-
Trm pht mc v hng NDB
K1K2K3
1 km
7 - 10 km
f1, P1 = 50 W
f2, P2 = 100-300 W
Trm K1, K2: Tip cn - trm K3: Hng tuyn
Pht tn hiu iu bin, m mc : V tr hin ti ( tn a phng, s hiu
mc NDB, ng bay )
Marker
3
3
10 km
H = ?
-
Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)
Low to Medium Frequency 190 to 535 kilohertz (kHz) Unique three-letter Morse code identifier Radiates in all directions Airborne receiver required
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) Aircraft may either home or track to the station
-
Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)
MB = MH + RB
Using relative bearing and magnetic heading, magnetic bearing can be found Actual heading to fly to the station MB = MH + RB
-
Relative bearing (see NDB
Bearings figure, on the right) is
the angle formed by the
intersection of a line drawn
through the centerline of the
aircraft and a line drawn from
the aircraft to the radio station.
This angle is always measured
clockwise from the nose of the
aircraft and is indicated directly
by the pointer on the bearing
indicator.
Relative bearing
-
Magnetic bearing (see NDB Bearings
figure, on the right) is the angle
formed by the intersection of a line
drawn from the aircraft to the radio
station and a line drawn from the
aircraft to magnetic north. The pilot
calculates the magnetic bearing by
adding the relative bearing shown on
the indicator to the magnetic heading
of the aircraft. For example, if the
magnetic heading of the aircraft is 40
and the relative bearing 210, the
magnetic bearing to the station is
250.
Magnetic bearing
-
ADF/NDB
The ADF, or Automatic Direction Finder, is the receiver in the aircraft
The NDB, or Nondirectional Radio Beacon, is the transmitting antenna on the ground
The ADF is the receiver of the NDBs transmissions
Utilize the directional characteristicsof a loop antenna to determine thedirection of a radio station(strongest point or null position).
-
ILS (Instrument Landing System)
Combination of several systems to provide pilot with the ability to land in conditions with poor visibility.
Components LOC (localizer)
Horizontal reference
GS (glide slope) Vertical reference
-
Principle of ILS
-
Principle of ILS
-
Principle of ILS
-
LOC (LOCalizer)
Combined with the VOR system
Utilizes 1 of 40 ILS channels between 108.10 to 111.95 MHz.
Operation
The ground transmitter is located at the far end of the runway and provides a valid signal up to 18 NM
The CDI (course deviation indicator) gives full fly left/right deviation of 700 feet at the runway threshold. ILS-Localizer and corresponding
Glide Slope-carrier frequencies (MHz)
-
GS (Glide Slope) / Glide Path
Utilizes 1 of 40 channelsbetween 329.15 to 335.00 MHz.
Operates on the same principlesas the LOC.
The GS transmitter is locatedbetween 750 and 1250 ft.from the approach end ofthe runway
The indicator is an ADI(altitude-director indicator).
ILS-Localizer and correspondingGlide Slope-carrier frequencies (MHz)
-
Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI)
-
Airfield Lighting
-
Threshold Green Lights
White Runway lights
Sterile Area
Red Obstruction Lights
-
Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPIs)
Threshold Lights
High Visibility T
Approach Lights
-
Landing on Runway 15 Birmingham Airport