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DIFFERENTIAL
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CAGE
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Differential Overview
• When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of different turning radii
• Consequently, the inner wheels travel less distance than the outer wheels
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Different Types of Differentials
1. Open Differential2. Limited Slip Differential (LSD)
– Clutch LSD– Viscous Coupling LSD– Locking LSD– Torsen LSD
Note :-Differential lock (mechanical lock)Non-slip differential
Open Differential Clutch LSD
Locking LSD Torsen LSD
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Open Differentialor
conventional Differential
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Open Differential or conventional Differential
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Open Differential• The number of teeth on the ring gear and sun gear
are equal and the planetary gear formula is simplified
• The angular velocity of the differential is equal to the average angular velocity of the axles
2,1 sr
cr
s
cs
cr
r
s
thereforeNNNN
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Open Differential Problems
• As a result, if one wheel has little friction there is no resistance to its rotation and slipping occurs.
• The slipping wheel will spin twice as fast as the differential.
Left rear tire slipping on sandy surface
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LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
LSD
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LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
• A limited-slip differential (LSD) is a type of automotive differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the output shafts.
• The main advantage of a limited-slip differential is demonstrated by considering the case of a standard (or "open") differential in off-roading or snow situations where one wheel begins to slip or lose contact with the ground
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Several types of LSD are commonly used
1. Clutch LSD2. Viscous Coupling LSD3. Locking LSD 4. Torsen LSD
Fixed valueTorque sensitiveSpeed sensitiveElectronically controlled
BASED ON
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Clutch LSD
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Viscous Coupling LSD
Viscous couplings are used as the center differential in some four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles.
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Locking LSD OR Differential lock
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The Torsen Differential
• The Torsen Differential is capable of perfect differentiation.
• The Torsen Differential transfers power to the wheels with traction.
Torque transferred to wheel with traction
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How the Torsen Differential Works
• Power is transferred from the engine to the differential housing causing the housing to turn.
• Power flows from the housing to the worm wheels attached to the housing.
• The worm wheels are meshed with the worm gears attached to the axles which turns the axle with the differential housing.
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Application of Torsen Differentials
• Torsen differentials are used in off-road and high performance all-wheel drive vehicles.
• Torsens can also be handy on icy or dirt roads.
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Automobile Companies Using the Torsen Differential
– AM General – Audi– BMW– Ford– GM– More specific details at
http://www.torsen.com/oem.htm
– Honda– Lexus– Land Rover– Mazda– Toyota– Volkswagen
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Companies Using Torsen Differential
• General Motors – Camaro SS 1998
• AM General– Hummer
• Audi– A4 Quattro
• BMW– Z3