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A caminho da Internet of Things
Miguel.Pardal@ .utl.pt
31 de Maio de 2011
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Internet
http://www.flickr.com/photos/26130745@N08/2451646331/
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http://meiogigabyte.blogspot.com/2011/05/instalacao-e-configuracao-do-tcpip.html
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Things
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rfischmann/2574254623/
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01 . 0000A89 . 00016F . 000169DC0
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• Custo
• Alcance
• Funcionalidade
Escolher 2
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RFID deployments
http://www.rfidjournalevents.com/map.php
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Architecture Framework
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Internet
http://www.flickr.com/photos/26130745@N08/2451646331/
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Things
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rfischmann/2574254623/
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Things
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rfischmann/2574254623/
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Internet of Things
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Visibilidade
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nexgenstock/4795177198/
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Rastreabilidade
• Onde está o meu objecto? – Track
• Onde esteve? – Trace
• Quais são os seus componentes? – Bill-of-materials
• É autêntico?
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Onde estão guardados os dados?
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http://sol.sapo.pt/inicio/Internacional/Interior.aspx?content_id=20281
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Recolha de produtos (recall)
Emergência ! Alimentos, Medicamentos,...
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Pardal e Alves Marques, “Building an Assessment Framework for RFID Data Discovery Service Architectures”,
IEEE RFID 2011
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The Internet of Things
• Machine-centric
• Connects low-end devices
• Trillions (1012) rather than billions (109) of nodes
• Universal Identification
– EPC
• Universal Addressing
– IPv6
[Elgar Fleisch 10]
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IoT applications
• Health monitoring systems
• Distributed awareness to natural disasters
• Improve transportation
– Reduce carbon footprint
• Improve recycling
– Using product lifetime information
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RFID
• Automatically identify tagged physical objects
• Collect attributes such as location and time.
• Information systems can keep up-to-date
– Greatly improve business processes
– Data is dispersed
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RFID em acção
[Roussos06]
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Tag categories
• Passive or battery-less – Use only power provided by the RFID reader’s signal – Smaller, more flexible – $ 0.20
• Semi-passive or battery-assisted
– Use a battery to boost response signal – $ 5
• Active or battery-powered
– Have additional processing capabilities and autonomy because they have more power e.g. sensors
– Longer range – $ 30
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Near-field RFID
• LF (Low Frequency): [30 .. 300] kHz
• HF (High Frequency): [3 ..30] MHz
• Inductive coupling
• Load modulation
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Shower Analogy
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Far-field RFID
• UHF(Ultra-High Frequency): [300..3 000] MHz
• MW (Microwaves): [2,5 .. 5,8 GHz]
• Wave coupling
• Backscatter
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Lighthouse Analogy
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Other RF technologies
[ How stuff works ] [ PWKits ]
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RFID tags
•LF (Low Frequency): [30 .. 300] kHz •HF (High Frequency): [3 ..30] MHz
•Inductive coupling •Load modulation
•UHF(Ultra-High Frequency): [300..3 000] MHz •MW (Microwaves): [2,5 .. 5,8 GHz]
•Wave coupling •Backscatter
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RFID
Miles, RFID Technology and Applications, 2008
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LLRP, ALE, EPCIS
Ken Traub Consulting LLC
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