Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I
English (3300002)
Active Passive
Prepared by I M KHAN
(Asst. Prof. in English)Om Engineering College, Junagadh.
www.imkeng.wordpress.com
1
Active / Passive• Active (કર્ત� રી�)Action done by the subject
• Passive (કર્મ�ણી�)Action done by the object
Exampleસુથા�રી ખુ રીશી� બના�વે� છે� . (કર્ત� રી�) ખુ રીશી� સુ થા�રી દ્વા�રી� બના� છે� (કર્મ�ણી�)
2
Please Remember
1. Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb
Example:
I write a letter
I wrote a letter
I shall write a letter
3
Please Remember
2. Identify the Subject of the sentence
Example:
I write a letter.
who writes a letter?
The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject…
4
Please Remember
3. Identify the object in the sentence
Example:
I write a letter
what do you / I write?
The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….
5
Keys
• Verb shows you the tense of the sentence
• ‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject /
doer of the action
• ‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the
object of the sentence.
6
Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV
Simple (Present / Past / Future)• AV: S + V + Ob• PV: Ob + to be + V3 + by + Sub.
Progreesive (Present / Past)• AV: S + to be + V4 + Ob• PV: Ob + to be + being + V3 + by + Sub.
Perfect (Present / Past / Future)• AV: S + to have + V3 + Ob• PV: Ob + to have + been + V3 + by + Sub.
7
Verb Forms
To be
Present:am / is / are
Past:
was / wereFuture
will be / shall be
To have
Present:
have / hasPast:
hadFuture
will have / shall have
8
Verb Form Table
9
Tense To be To have
Presentamis
are
havehas
Past waswere had
Future will be shall be
will have shall have
1. If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future)
• AV object will become PV subject
• Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK
• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
• ‘by’ as conjunction will come
• AV subject will become PV object
10
Simple Present
11
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
am / is / are + V3 of RV
am / is / are + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They speak English
Simple Past
12
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
was/ were+ V3 of RVwas/ were+ V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They spoke English
Simple Future
13
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
will be / shall be + V3 of RV
will be / shall be + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They will speak English
1. If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past)
• AV object will become PV subject
• Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK
• ‘being’ will come after ‘to be’ verb
• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
• ‘by’ as conjunction will come
• AV subject will become PV object
14
Progressive Present
15
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
am / is / are + being +V3 of RV
am / is / are + being +V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They are speaking English
Progressive Past
16
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
was / were + being +V3 of RV
was / were + being +V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They were speaking English
1. If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future)
• AV object will become PV subject
• Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come CLICK
• ‘been’ will come after ‘to be’ verb
• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come
• ‘by’ as conjunction will come
• AV subject will become PV object
17
Perfect Present
18
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
have / has + been +V3 of RV
have / has + been +V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They have spoken English
Perfect Past
19
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
had + been +V3 of RV
had + been +V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They had spoken English
Perfect Future
20
Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject
will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV
will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
They will have spoken English
How will pronouns change?
Active • I• We• You• They• He• She• It
Passive • by me• by us• by you• by them• by him• by her• by it
21
Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below
• Can• Could• May• Might• Shall• Should • Will • Would • Must• Has to / have to
• Can be• Could be• May be• Might be• Shall be• Should be • Will be• Would be• Must be• Has to be / have to be
22
Modal Auxuliaries
I can write a letter
23
To be + V3 of RV
To be + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
Modal Auxuliaries
We have to follow rules
24
To be + V3 of RV
To be + V3 of RV
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object
AV object will become PV subject
AV object will become PV subject
Transitive & Intransitive Verb
• Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb.• Verb that has no object is intransitive verb
Example• He draws a picture. (transitive)What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object
• Birds fly (intransitive) This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive
25
Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form
Sentences without objects
1. I am going to school.
2. Birds fly in the sky
3. They are coming today
4. He is going at 5 PM
Underlined words are not object
1. Adverbial of place
2. Adverbial of place
3. Adverbial of frequency
4. Adverbial of time
26
Sentence with more than one object
Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time.
ExampleI wrote a letter to my mother.First object : a letterSecond object : my mother
27
More than one object
I wrote a letter to my mother.
28
1. They may ban the film.2. We corrected the mistakes.3. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.4. A mechanic is repairing my car.5. I have written a letter to the Vice President of
the Company.6. Manners reveal character.7. Do you expect good result?
29
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
They may ban the filmThe film
may be banned by them
30
ObjectSubject
We corrected the mistakes.The mistakes were corrected
by us31
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.Narayan’s pasport
had been stolen by someone
32
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
A mechanic is repairing my car.My car
is being repaired by a mechanic
33
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
A letter has been written
to the vice president of the
companyby me
34
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
I have written a letter to
the Vice President of the Company.
The vice president of the company
has been written a letter
by me
35
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Manners reveal character.Character is revealed
by manners36
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
Do you expect good result?Is good result expected
by you?
37
ObjectSubject
WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)
1. The monkeys threw stones at the dogs2. The policeman will catch the thieves soon.3. The students are writing their papers now.4. He has forgotten a speech now.5. The clerk did not give him proper
information.6. My uncle was driving a car at that time.7. He can secure the first position in the college.
38
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
The monkeys threw stones at the dogsStones
were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys
39
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
The policeman will catch the thieves soon.The thieves
will soon be caught by the policeman
40
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
The students are writing their papers now.
Students’ papersare now being written
by them.
41
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
He has forgotten a speech now.
A speechhas now been forgotten
by him
42
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
The clerk did not give him proper information.
He was not given proper information
by the clerk
43
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
The clerk did not give him proper information.
Proper informationwas not given to him
by the clerk
44
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
My uncle was driving a car at that time.
A car was being driven at that time
by my uncle
45
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
He can secure the first position in the college.
The first position in the college can be secured
by him.
46
SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)
ObjectSubject
1. Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. 2. He has published the book recently. 3. She is making tea. 4. They will open a new shop shortly. 5. He can repair this machine. 6. We should help the poor. 7. Rama is reading a story.
47
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.
The Ramayanawas written
by Valmiki
48
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
He has published the book recently.
The book has recently been published
by him
49
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
She is making tea.
Tea is being made
by her
50
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
They will open a new shop shortly.
A new shop will shortly be opened by them
51
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
He can repair this machine.
This machine can be repaired
by him.
52
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
We should help the poor.
The poor should be helped
by us
53
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
Rama is reading a story.
A story is being read
by Rama
54
SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)
ObjectSubject
Active English (page no. 51 to 52)
• The book is written by him.
• He was writing a book.• Himanshu was praised by
his teacher.• Somebody has given him
a gift.• The police will catch the
criminal soon.
• He writes the book.• A book was being written
by him.• Himanshu’s teacher
praised him.• A gift has been given to
him by somebody.• The criminal will soon be
caught by the police.
55
Active English (page no. 52)
• Hema can make a cake.• She is invited to the
party.• He will be called for an
interview.• Kalpesh had finished his
homework before you went to his house.
• They are playing cricket in the ground.
• A cake can be made by Hema.
• They invite her to the party.
• The company will call him for an interview.
• Kalpesh’s homework had been finished by him before you went to his house.
• Cricket is being played by them in the ground.
56
Active English (page no. 52)
• Columbus discovered America.
• The children are playing cricket in the garden now.
• I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.
• Police catch thieves.• I was buying a doll for my
daughter when you called me.
• America was discovered by Columbus.
• Cricket is now being played by the children in the garden.
• A letter has been written by me to the Vice President of the Company.
• Thieves are caught by police.
• A doll was being bought by me when I was called by you.
57
Active English (page no. 52)• You should open the
door as we feel suffocated here.
• She will cook the food for the guests next Sunday.
• I had discovered new places in Goa before any one reached there
• Manners reveal character.
• They refused admission to Rajat.
• The door should be opened by you as we feel suffocated here.
• The food will be cooked by her for the guests next Sunday.
• New places had been discovered by me in Goa before any one reached there.
• Character is revealed by manners.
• Rajat was refused admission by them.
58
Active English (page no. 53)
• I expect a good result.• The girl has given a
brilliant performance on the stage.
• Sachin hit eight sixes in the last ODI match.
• He can secure the first position in the exam.
• I am not reading a book right now.
• A good result is expected by me.
• A brilliant performance has been given on the stage by the girl.
• Eight sixes were hit in the last ODI match by Sachin.
• The first position can be secured by him in the exam.
• A book is not being read now by me.
59
60