Download - ADEX - convencion capsicum 2013: cancilleria
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Luis Gonzales Bustamante
Agregado Agrícola Embajada del Perú en los Estados Unidos
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores – Cancillería
Arequipa, 15 de Mayo de 2013
Embajada del Perú
en los Estados Unidos de América
PERÚ
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FDA EPA
- Establece
niveles
máximos de
tolerancias de
residuos de
plaguicidas.
- Establece
excepciones
de tolerancias - Indica la forma
de usar las
tolerancias
- Revisa y
actualiza las
tolerancias
- Procede a dar
cumplimiento a
los niveles de
tolerancias
establecidos
por EPA en los
alimentos
importados
cuando ingresan a los
EEUU y toma
acciones
cuando
encuentra
incumplimiento
La sección 408 de la Ley Federal de Alimentos, Medicamentos y Cosméticos (FFDCA)
y la Ley Federal de Insecticidas, Fungicidas y Rodenticidas (FIFRA) autoriza a la EPA
establecer las tolerancias máximas de residuos de plaguicidas.
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Fuente: FDA
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Fuente: FDA
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Link para los rechazos del FDA por producto y por países sobre una base mensual: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/importrefusals Para mayor información sobre los productos peruanos rechazados por FDA, se puede consultar también la Base de Datos del Observatorio del Control Aduanero a las Importaciones (OCAI) de los Estados Unidos. El OCAI pertenece a las Naciones Unidas:
http://www.ocaiweb.org/en
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ACCION EN LOS PUNTOS DE INGRESO A LOS EEUU
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PROGRAMAS DE IMPORTACION DEL FDA
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/default.htm
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ALERTAS DE IMPORTACION DEL FDA
http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/ImportProgram/ImportAlerts/default.htm
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BUSQUEDA POR TEMAS:
Ejemplo: CAPSICUM
http://google2.fda.gov/search?q=CAPSICUM&filter=0&proxystylesheet=FDAgov&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=d
ate%253AD%253AL%253Ad1&site=FDAgov-ImportAlerts-Industry&requiredfields=-
archive%3AYes&client=FDAgov&x=27&y=13
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BUSQUEDA POR PAIS: PERU
24 Alertas de Importación hasta el 29/04/2013
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/country_PE.html
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ACCION EN LA CADENA DE COMERCIALIZACION EN EEUU
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RECALLS DE FDA
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/default.htm
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RECALLS DE FDA PARA OTROS PAISES
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Presentación sobre PREDICT:
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/ImportProgram/UCM310772.pdf
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ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 19 (Salmonella en Paprika)
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_263.html
Type: DWPE ("Detention Without Physical Examination Of Food Products Due To The
Presence Of Salmonella")
This alert provides for manufacturers and shippers, from multiple countries, to be placed
on detention without physical examination for food products found to contain Salmonella.
Continued surveillance of food products that are susceptible to Salmonella contamination
is also warranted.
Because the presence of Salmonella in a food product represents a health hazard, only one
violative shipment may be needed to place a firm/product on detention without physical
examination.
Charge:
"The article is subject to refusal of admission pursuant to Section 801(a)(3) in that it
appears to bear or contain Salmonella, a poisonous or deleterious substance, which may
render it injurious to health, [Adulteration, Section 402(a)(1)]."
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ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 05 (Plaguicidas en “Raw”)
Import Alert Name: "Detention Without Physical Examination of Raw Agricultural Products for
Pesticides“
Reason for Alert: Illegal pesticide residues
Guidance:
Districts may detain without physical examination any shipment of the products identified in the
attachment for this alert if the shipper or grower fails to provide a valid certificate of analysis
showing the product does not contain illegal residues of the cited pesticide(s).
The recommending FDA district office may discontinue the DWPE recommendation based on
evidence that the problem no longer exists. The FDA district will promptly notify Division of
Import Operations & Policy, HFC-170, of such action so that the attachment can be revised
accordingly.
Charge:
"The article is subject to refusal of admission pursuant to Section 801(a)(3) in that it appears to
contain a pesticide chemical, namely ________________________, which is in violation of
Section 402(a)(2)(B)."
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_258.html
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ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 08 (Plaguicidas en “Procesados”)
Import Alert Name:
"Detention Without Physical Examination Of Processed Foods for Pesticides"
Reason for Alert:
This alert provides a compilation of all processed foods that may be subject to detention
without physical examination due to illegal pesticide residues pursuant to the procedures
outlined in Chapter 9 of the RPM.
Guidance:
Districts may detain without physical examination shipments of the products identified in
the attachment for this alert if the shipper or manufacturer fails to provide a valid
certificate of analysis showing the product does not contain illegal residues of the cited
pesticide(s).
Charge:
"The article is subject to refusal of admission pursuant to Section 801(a)(3) in that
it appears to contain a pesticide chemical, namely ______________, which is in
violation of Section 402(a)(2)(B).“
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_259.html
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ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 08 (Plaguicidas en “Procesados”)
- Registros: 31 para Peppers entre el 2009 y el 2013
- Productos: Frozen hot Peppers (rocoto), Paprika chili whole dehydrated, natural
extract of Paprika, ground cracked Paprika, chili Peppers frozen, dry or paste hot
Peppers, dry red chili, roasted red Peppers, whole dry chili Peppers, whole dry
Paprika Peppers, Guaguillo Peppers.
ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 05 (Plaguicidas en “Raw”)
- Registros: 07 para Peppers entre el 2009 y el 2010
- Productos: Aji Amarillo, sweet Peppers, hot dry Peppers, Jalapeno Peppers
ALERTA DE IMPORTACION # 99 – 19 (Salmonella en Paprika)
Total de registros en FDA hasta el 05/05/2013: 44
- Registros: 06 para Peppers entre el 2009 y el 2010
- Productos: Ground cracked Paprika, Paprika, sweet Paprika powder
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Hubo un registro en FDA en el 2012 para paprika por restos de insectos (patas, cadáveres) en el producto, y por lo tanto este fue rechazado y catalogado como no apto para el consumo humano. Este registro habría sido retirado de las Alertas debido a que la empresa
involucrada habría cumplido con los procedimientos.
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Import Alert 24-11 Type: DWPE
Import Alert Name:
"Detention Without Physical Examination of Dried Peppers from Mexico"
Reason for Alert:
From December, 1987, through March, 1988, Dallas district sampled 16 shipments of dried peppers from
Mexico from 10 different shippers. Of the 16 dried pepper shipments, 14 were detained due to the presence
of excessive mold.
Guidance:
Districts may detain, without physical sampling and analysis, *** all shipments of dried peppers from Mexico
except from those firms identified on the Green List.
Product Description:
Dried peppers
Charge:
"The article is subject to refusal of admission pursuant to Section 801(a)(3) in that it appears to consist in
whole or in part of a filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance or be otherwise unfit for food [Adulteration,
Section 402(a)(3)]."
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Las Alertas de Importación
del FDA constituyen
registros o antecedentes
negativos para un producto,
una o mas empresas, y para
el país entero
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Las Alertas de Importación deben ser
trabajadas en dos frentes:
1) Evitar que más empresas exportadoras de
Capsicum sean incluidas en estas listas.
2) Las empresas involucradas en las Alertas
de Importación deben cumplir con todo lo
requerido para que gestionen su salida, lo
cual favorece a la propia empresa y a la
imagen del país.
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3.2.1. Explicación del uso de las
tolerancias:
http://www.fda.gov/iceci/compliancemanuals/compl
iancepolicyguidancemanual/ucm123236.htm
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3.2.2. Estar al tanto de los cambios
EPA en la normativa de LMR
por cada ingrediente activo.
Las normas se publican en el
Registro Federal:
http://www.regulations.gov
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3.2.3. Manejo del vocabulario
técnico para los peppers
en la base de datos
de EPA
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VOCABULARIO DE NOMBRES DE PRODUCTOS PARA SER USADOS EN BASE DE DATOS EPA: http://cfpub1.epa.gov/oppref/food_feed/index.cfm
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HORTALIZAS DE FRUTO (GRUPO 8) – TABLA 1
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HORTALIZAS DE FRUTO (GRUPO 8) – TABLA 2
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3.2.4. Búsqueda de tolerancias y
excepción de tolerancias
en base de datos de EPA
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Como buscar las tolerancias de plaguicidas para un determinado alimento en
EPA: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/food/viewtols.htm
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TOLERANCIAS
ESPECIFICAS
SEGUN EL
REGISTRO
FEDERAL
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-
bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=0a1
92a4fe92fb1f7b2ad4ab62153b38b
&ty=HTML&h=L&r=PART&n=40y2
5.0.1.1.28
570 plaguicidas
con tolerancias
establecidas
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TOLERANCIAS ESPECIFICAS SEGUN EL REGISTRO FEDERAL
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-
bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=0a192a4fe92fb1f7b2ad4ab62153b38b&ty=HTML&h=L&r=PART&n=40y25.0.1.1.28
Ejemplo: Methomyl
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EJEMPLO: CAPTAN
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EXCEPCION DE
TOLERANCIAS
SEGUN EL
REGISTRO
FEDERAL
http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-
bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=0a1
92a4fe92fb1f7b2ad4ab62153b38b
&ty=HTML&h=L&r=PART&n=40y2
5.0.1.1.28
420 excepciones
de tolerancias
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3.2.5. Búsqueda de LMR en base
de datos del USDA
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Base de Datos Internacional del USDA sobre tolerancias de residuos de plaguicidas
en productos frescos: http://www.mrldatabase.com/
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Ejemplos: Methomyl y Captan en Bell Peppers
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3.2.6. Base de datos de LMR
referenciales
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Otras bases de datos internacionales: Codex Alimentarius
http://www.codexalimentarius.org/normas-oficiales/lmr-de-plaguicidas/es/
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PLAGUICIDAS:
Un mismo Periodo de
Carencia para todo el
país ? ? ?
Costa norte
Costa central
Costa sur
Sierra
Selva alta
Selva baja
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Exportación en base solo a los Periodos de Carencia que indican las etiquetas de los plaguicidas
Exportación en base a un muestreo y análisis de residuos de plaguicidas que asiste en tomar decisiones
En que momento se hace el análisis de residuos de plaguicidas para tomar una decisión?
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Temperatura y HR
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http://pe.kalipedia.com/popup/popupWindow.html?anchor=klpgeogpe&tipo=imprimir&titulo=Imprimir%20Art%EDcul
o&xref=20080605klpgeogpe_7.Kes
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Peppers orgánicos
“Earlier this month, the Organic Trade Association released research indicating
that eight out of 10 American families now purchase organic items at least
sometimes,” it explained. “And produce leads the way, with 97 percent of
organic buyers saying they had purchased organic fruits or vegetables in the
past six months” (Fresh Plaza, Abril 18 de 2013)
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PROGRAMA NACIONAL ORGANICO DEL
NOP – USDA:
- Regulación
- Lista de sustancias permitidas
- Certificación
- Otros temas involucrados
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=Te
mplateA&navID=NationalOrganicProgram&leftNav=NationalOrganicProgra
m&page=NOPNationalOrganicProgramHome&acct=AMSPW
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3.7. RECOMENDACIONES GENERALES
- Estar siempre actualizado en los temas regulatorios (sobre
LMR de plaguicidas usados en Capsicum) de la EPA
consultando el Registro Federal de los EEUU
- Mantener una constante revisión de las actualizaciones del
FDA que publica en su website
- Asegurarse que las normas que han entrado en rigor ya
estén actualizadas en la lista de LMR que utilizan para
exportación.
- No utilizar listas de LMR que tienen semanas o meses de
antigüedad sino siempre apoyarse en las listas de EPA y
USDA que se encuentran en los websites proporcionados
- Conducir las investigaciones científicas que sean requeridas
- Asegurarse que los laboratorios de análisis de residuos con
los que trabajan se encuentren actualizados con las ultimas
técnicas y Guías de Laboratorio (LMR y Microbiología) que el
FDA permanentemente somete a revisión y actualización.
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Embajada del Perú
en los Estados Unidos de América
PERÚ
GRACIAS
http://www.embassyofperu.org/agricultural-department/