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Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja
automatiseerimine Loeng 1
Ülevaade kursusest
Enn Õunapuu
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Väljakutse
• Tees: Lähiajal tuleb otsustavalt muuta seda
viisi, kuidas me loome infosüsteeme
• Moore seadus: Arvutustehnika võimsus
kasvab kahekordseks iga 18 kuuga
• Wirthi seadus: Tarkvara aeglustub kiiremini
kui raudvara kiireneb
Eriti aeglustub tarkvara loomine ja silumine
• Niklaus Wirth: Software gets slower faster
than hardware gets faster
• Infosüsteemide loomine on liiga kallis, võtab
kaua aega ja nad ei häälestu muutuvatele
tingimustele
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• IT kaasaegsed trendid
• Äriprotsesside modelleerimine
• BPM ja SOA
• Äriprotsesside mõõtmine
• Küsimused
Kava
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Kursuse sisu
• Nimetus: Äriprotsesside modelleerimine ja
automatiseerimine (Business process
modeling and automation)
• Kood: IDU0111
• Soovituslikud eeldusained: IDU3530
“Sissejuhatus infosüsteemidesse”
• Üldmaht: 32 tundi loenguid, 32 tundi praktikume
• Kestvus: 16 õppenädalat,
igas nädalas 2 t loenguid, 2 t praktikume
• Ainepunkte: 5
• Hindamisviis: E
• Õpetamisaeg: sügissemester (S)
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Õppetöö sisu
Vaadeldakse äriprotsesside modelleerimise ja
automatiseerimise kaaasaegseid võimalusi.
Pärast kursuse läbimist üliõpilased oskavad:
Äriprotsesse modelleerida ja dokumenteerida
Äriprotsesside efektiivsust mõõta
Äriprotsesse arendada
Äriprotsesse automatiseerida
Elektroonseid dokumente juurutada
Kasutada olemasolevaid teenuseid efektiivselt oma
äriprotsessides
Hinne moodustub protsessi analüüsi projekti
kaitsmise ja teooria testi tulemusest. Täpsem
hinde kujunemise valem antakse esimeses
loengus. 6
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Seos praktikaga
• Praktikume viivad läbi meie IT- tööstuse
juhtfirmade spetsid.
• Osa loenguid peavad ka praktikud.
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Moore seadus
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DNA uurimine, mälu, kommunikatsioon,
internet ja nanotehnoloogia
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Internet
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RFID
• Kõrgsageduslik identifitseerimine on automaatneobjektide äratundmise kaugmeetod, mis kasutabspetsiaalseid automaatsaatjaid-vastuvõtjaid(kapsleid) informatsiooni edastamiseks. Nimetatudkapslid on üliväikesed, ei vaja vooluallikat ja neidon võimalik süstida näiteks naha alla.
• Tuleviku RFID süsteemid võimaldavad luua uusi “tarku” rakendusi. Objektide äratundmine ja jälgimine muutub oluliselt
lihtsamaks.
Varastamine (USA-s 500 miljardit kahju) palju raskemaks.
• Privaatsus on murelapseks. Kuid olen kindel, et leitakse võimalused turvalisteks ja tarbijasõbralikeks lahendusteks.
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Sensorvõrgud
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Andmekeskused
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Application State Separated from the Machine
Per-UserPer-App
State
Safetyand Sand-
Boxing
Controlledand SafeSharing
across Apps
Controlledand SafeSharing
across Users
The State in the Cloud
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Kõikehõlmav intellekt
• Praeguseks oleme jõudnud kõikjal oleva
intellekti ajajärku (Ambient Intelligence – AmI)
• Nimetatud suund on Euroopa Liidus võetud
info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia (IKT)
arengu aluseks
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Kommunikatsiooni- ja grupitöö
lahendused – Web 2.0
• Web 2.0 arvutitööstuse ärirevolutsioon, mille
kutsus esile Interneti kui lahenduste loomise
platvormi kasutuselevõtt.
• Kui siiani lävisid Internetis inimesed, siis nüüd
saavad ka arvutid Interneti abil omavahel
lävida.
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Web 2.0 kui teenustele orienteeritud
arhitektuur
IBM-i sotsiaalse võrgustiku analüütik
Dario de Judicibus, esitas aga järgmise
määrangu:
“Web 2.0 on teadmustele orienteeritud
keskkond, kus inimestevaheline
kommunikatsioon genereerib Interneti sisu, et
seda publitseerida, hallata ja kasutada läbi
teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuuri”
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Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur
• Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur on
omavahel seotud teenuste kogum. Need
teenused vahetavad omavahel teateid.
• Teated omakorda jagunevad
päringteadeteks (request) ja
vastusteadeteks (response).
• Teenuste koordineerimiseks on kasutusel
spetsiaalsed vahendid (näiteks Biztalk server)
• Teenus on täpselt määratletud funktsioon, mis
on kirjeldatud spetsiaalse lepinguga
(WSDL – web service description language)
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Ettevõtte teenuste siin
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Tarkvara kui teenuse näiteid
http://sites.google.com/
http://www.logoogle.com/google-links.htm
• Kasutajad saavad luua oma veebilehe ja teha koostööd
kasutades Google rakendusi (Google Docs, Google
Calendar, YouTube ja Picasa).
Veebilehe loomine on väga lihtne ja sarnane tekstiredaktori
käsitlemisega
Saab määrata erinevate kasutajate õigusi ja seda, mis on neile
nähtav
• Iga Google rakendus saab 10GB mälu
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Äriprotsessi määrang
• The word “process” is defined in the dictionary
as “a series of actions, changes, or functions
bringing about a result”
• Martyn Ould: A process is a coherent set of
activities carried out by a collaborating group
to achieve a goal
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BPM definition
Business process management (BPM) is a
management approach focused on aligning all
aspects of an organization with the wants and
needs of clients. It is a holistic management
approach that promotes business effectiveness
and efficiency while striving for innovation,
flexibility, and integration with technology.
Business process management attempts to
improve processes continuously. It could therefore
be described as a "process optimization process"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_management
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BPMS definition
Some define the BPM System or Suite
(BPMS) as "the whole of BPM."
Others will relate the important concept of
information moving between enterprise
software packages and immediately think of
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).
Still others limit the definition to "modeling... to
create the „perfect‟ process"
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Components of BPM Suite
There are four critical components of a BPM Suite:
• Process Engine – a robust platform for modeling and
executing process-based applications, including
business rules
• Business Analytics – enable managers to identify
business issues, trends, and opportunities with reports
and dashboards and react accordingly
• Content Management – provides a system for storing
and securing electronic documents, images, and other
files
• Collaboration Tools – remove intra- and
interdepartmental communication barriers through
discussion forums, dynamic workspaces, and message
boards
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Vendors
Our Business Process Management (BPM)
Decision Matrix report explores the competitive
dynamics within the BPM market and helps
businesses select a vendor based on its
technology strength, reputation among
customers, and impact in the market. We
provides a complete view of vendor capabilities
and advises on those you should explore,
consider and, most importantly, shortlist
Vendors covered: Active Endpoints, Appian,
AuraPortal, Cordys, Intalio, IBM, Lombardi,
Metastorm, Oracle, Pegasystems, SAP,
Savvion, Tibco, Ultimus
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Rule engine
Business rules engine is a software system
that executes one or more business rules in a
runtime production environment.
The rules might come from legal regulation
("An employee can be fired for any reason or
no reason but not for an illegal reason"),
company policy ("All customers that spend
more than $100 at one time will receive a
10% discount"), or other sources.
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BPM and rule engine separation
This separation is important because the
same business judgment (mortgage meets
underwriting criteria) or business event (router
is overloaded) can be reacted to by many
different work flows.
Embedding the work done in response to rule-
driven knowledge creation into the rule itself
greatly reduces the ability of business rules to
be reused across an organization because it
makes them work-flow specific.
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Miks modelleerida?1) Describing a process: we model a process to be able to
describe it. We could have different target audiences for thesedescriptions, for instance, humans, in which caseunderstandability is important, or machines, in which caseformality is important.
2) Analyzing a process: simply put, process analysis consistsof assessing the properties of a process. Process re-engineering and improvement relies on an analysis of existingprocesses to identify redundant or sub-optimal steps. If theprocess is described formally, we can verify mechanicallystructural properties such as coupling and cohesion ordynamic properties such as the absence of deadlock, livenessproperties, etc.
3) Enacting a process: we may enact a process for simulationpurposes or to provide some level of support for processexecution. Depending on the language, this support can takedifferent forms : reacting to events triggered by the executionof the process, to checking that specific constraints are satisfied, driving the execution of the process. Only formallanguages1 make process enactment possible.
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Modeleerimiskeeled
1) Traditional process modeling languages: theselanguages mostly come from the MIS tradition ofinformation engineering and from work on business processengineering. IDEF, Petri Nets, Event Process Chains (EPC), Role Activity Diagrams [Ould, 1995], Resource-Event-Agent(REA) [], and the recently minted Business ProcessModeling Language [BPMI,2003].
2) Workflow modeling languages: roughly speaking, a workflow management system is a computer system thatmanages a business process by assigning activities of theprocess to the right resources, by “moving” work items (e.g., documents, orders, etc.) from one processing step to thenext, and by tracking the progress of the process[WfMC,2002]. These languages are, for the most part, formal and executable. We will talk about the WorkflowProcess Description Language (WPDL) [WfMC,1999] and proposed interchange formats such as PIF [Lee et al., 1996] and PSL [NIST,2002].
3) Process integration languages: the advent of inter-enterprise electronic business (B2B) has spurred interest inprocess modeling languages for the purposes of integratingthe processes of two or more business partners. Biztalk
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Gartneri ennustused – I
By 2014, business process networks (BPNs)
will underpin 35 per cent of new
multienterprise integration projects.
While traditional horizontal-integration solutions
provide all the technology necessary to
implement B2B integration projects, they
historically haven't included the same degree of
prebundling of all the essential artifacts
necessary to fully integrate a multienterprise
process.
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Gartneri ennustused – II
By 2014, 40 per cent of business managers
and knowledge workers in Global 2000
enterprises will use comprehensive business
process models to support their daily work,
up from 6 per cent in 2009.
• Comprehensive graphical (rather than textual)
and explicit process models that capture and
represent organisational knowledge will create a
shared language for business and IT roles.
Explicit process models enable superior process
performance by providing a more complete
operational context to better interpret information
and apply analytics, and to enable agile execution
to adapt to new business patterns. 38
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Gartneri ennustused – III
Through 2014, the act of composition will be
a stronger opportunity to deliver value from
software than the act of development.
Modelling and assembling software components
into a composition is proving to be more efficient
and effective than writing code. Inevitably,
common capabilities will be associated with an
integrated composition environment (ICE) to be
sold to various roles engaged in the act of
composition. The ICE will bring together design
and runtime elements to support the entire life
cycle.
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Technology tools that were part
of evolution of BPM
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Mudelitel põhinev tarkvara arendus
• Protsessitundlik infosüsteem
• Äriprotsessid on selles lähenemisviisis
põhilised
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Äriprotsesside modeleerimise
perspektiivid
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Perspektiivide metamudel
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Äriprotsessi konteksti perspektiiv
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Kuidas erinevad vahendid toetavad
neid perspektiive
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BPMN
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Core elements
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Näited
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Examples
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E-Mail Voting Process
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“Discussion Cycle” Sub-Process
Details
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“Collect Votes” Sub-Process Details
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The last segment of E-Mail Voting Process
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Vahendid
• Bizagi
• xCase
• ProM
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Küsimused
59