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AIM: What is difference between between coal, petroleum and natural gas.
DN: What is coal? How is it formed?
HW: Article Due Friday
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Where does all the energy on earth come from?
The sun
• Energy from sun is converted to chemical energy in plants (photosynthesis).
• When you eat, the energy from the plant is converted to heat, mechanical and chemical energy for life processes
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Remember…… energy cannot be created or destroyed- it can be
converted from one form to another
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Fuel
• Any substance from which energy can be obtained
• EX:
– Food
– Oil
– Gas petroleum
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Electricity
• Not common in nature– Except for lightning
• How is electricity produced?– Fuel is burned to boil water, producing
steam.– Steam exerts pressure on turbines, turning
them– The mechanical energy of the turbines
generates electricity
Not very efficient because some of the energy is converted to heat,
light or sound
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Energy needs over time
• Energy needs have increased over time• Modern industrial society uses 50%
more energy per person than did hunter-gatherers
• Factories for products (clothes furniture, building) to accommodate growing population
• Machines were used instead of people– Manufacturing the machines and using the
machines required large amounts of fuel
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Fossil Fuels
• Fuels from the remains of organisms that lived long ago
• Organic
• Coal, petroleum, natural gas
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Coal
• Mostly the result of sedimentation
• Solid
• Swamps, plants
• At each stage, more hydrogen and oxygen is lost leaving the carbon more concentrated
• More carbon=more energy when burned
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Stages of coal formation
1. peat- not true coal, low carbon, low energy
2. Lignite- first true form of coal, 40% carbon,
3. Bituminous- 85% carbon, most abundant in the US
4. Anthracite- 95% carbon- very hard1. Sometimes called metamorphic rock
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Petroleum
• liquid- oil
• Remains of microscopic organisms that lived in shallow seas
• Sedimentation
• Trapped under nonporous rocks like shale
• Gasoline, heat homes, lubricants
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Natural Gas
• Gas- formed in the same way as petroleum• Methane- primary component• Heating, stoves, water heaters• More energy efficient than electric
appliances- does not have to be converted to electricity first
• Waste of petroleum drilling- wasteful because it can also be used as a fuel
• Propane, methane, ethane
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Hydrocarbons
• Organic fuel (once part of a living organism)– Trees, bones, plants
• Contain only carbon and hydrogen
• Methane CH4• Ethane C2H6• Octane C8H18
The biological activities that occur within the
cells of organisms give rise to different
hydrocarbon shapes
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1.What role did machines play in the worlds changing energy needs?
2.What is the most common type of coal in the United States?
3.How does anthracite coal form?
4.Explain why peat is not considered a fossil fuel.
5.Why is natural gas as a fuel for cooking more efficient than using electricity?
6.Compare and contrast the formation of petroleum and the formation of coal.