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ANAT123 (Biol123)
Cell Structure and Function
Features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The major cell components and how they
interact to deliver observable cell behaviour
insights into the manner in which cells
interact
key exemplars of cell components and
processes
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Your Lecturers
Dr A Simpson
Dr P Miller
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ANAT123 -about the course.
Biological Sciences handbook page 22
Website:
https://vital.liv.ac.uk Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., Scientific
American Books
Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al.,
Garland Publishing.
The World of the Cell; Becker et al., PearsonEducation
Biology; Campbell and Reece, Pearson Education
http://www.liv.ac/bio/studyweb/modules/BIOL123http://www.liv.ac/bio/studyweb/modules/BIOL123 -
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Recommended Reading
Biology; Campbell and Reece, PearsonEducation, 7th Edition
Unit 2 The Cell, chapters 6,7,11 and 12;
Unit 3, chapters 13; Unit 5, chapters 26 and27.
A visit to www.campbellbiology.com is
highly recommended http://www.open2.net/science/cellcity/
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Assessment
100% examination
60 multiple choice (1 correct from 4)
Exam 1.5 hrs
Self assessment- x2 within lectures slots.
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Lecture 1: Introduction to Course
What is life? General properties:
Order
Reproduction
Growth and development
Energy Organisms take in energy and use it to
perform work
Response to the environment
Homeostasis
Evolutionary adaptation
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What is a cell?
All self-sustaining life is based on cells
A unit of life
All organisms are constructed from cells All organisms derived from a single cell
Cells are the simplest independent units
Cells can only arise by the replication of othercells
= CELL THEORY
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1665 Hooke drew the cutsurface of cork as seenthrough a microscope. Patterndescribed as cells.
1838 Schleiden(plants), 1839Schwann(animals)Organisms grow only bygrowth and division of cells.
1858 Virchow; Every animalappears as the sum of vitalunits, each of which bears initself the completecharacteristics of life.
History
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Cell theory - So what?
Cells all evolved from some sort ofancestral cell
All cells are related by ancestry
PROVE IT!
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Evidence for cell theory
Based on similarities of structure andfunction
Use of DNA for hereditary data storage
Use of universal genetic code Use of DNA > RNA > Protein
Have highly related genes (sequences)
Have similar metabolic mechanisms Use lipid bilayers as boundary membranes
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What sorts of cells are there?
Prokaryotes(prokaryotic cells)
no nucleus
Chromosome e.g. Bacteria
have cell membrane
Eukayotes(eukaryotic cells)
nucleus
Contains chromosomes e.g.fungi/protozans/ plant
cells/animal cells
have cell membranes
have organelles..
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Evolution of cells
0 1 2 3 4Billions of years
Prokaryotic cells Euk Mult
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Relationship between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes Prokaryotes are simple
evolved first
Eukayotes came later Eukaryotes have organelles similar to
aerobic bacteria (mitochondria)
photosynthetic bacteria (chloroplasts)
archaebacteria (host cell)
Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic fusion ofprokaryotes
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Eukaryotes are more advanced
Multicellular organisms are colonies of
eukaryotic cells
The diversity of organisms arises from the
properties of these cells
The cells within an organism have different
properties
= DIFFERENTIATION
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Cell differentiation
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Organisation of an organism
Singled cell life forms
The cell IS the organism
Multicellular organisms
Differentiated cells
ORGANISED into
A. Tissues
B. Organs
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An example of cell organisation
Cells are organised into Tissues
Two fundamental sorts of tissue in our
bodies
A. Epithelia
B. Mesenchymal tissue...
Tissues are organised into organs
heart liver brain etc
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Basic types of tissue
Epithelia
Basement
membrane
(extracellular
matrix)
Mesenchymal
cells
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Brief summary
Cells are the fundamental unit of life Two major types of cell:
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells developed from prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells evolved to form multicellular
organisms
The structure of organisms is based onfundamental types of tissue
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ANAT123 Course Information
Reading. Lecture material and course content are derivedfrom the following texts:
Molecular Cell Biology; Lodish et al., ScientificAmerican Books
Molecular Biology of the Cell; Alberts et al.,Garland Publishing.
The World of the Cell; Becker et al., PearsonEducation
Biology; Campbell and Reece, PearsonEducation