ANA BrasíliaUnB BrasíliaUFF NiteroíUFRJ Rio de Janeiro
SENAMHI La PazUMSA La Paz
SENAMHI LimaUNALM Lima
INAMHI Quito
Recent progress in estimating Recent progress in estimating suspended sediment yield variability suspended sediment yield variability
in the Amazon riverin the Amazon river
Jean Loup GUYOT, Naziano FILIZOLA, Alain LARAQUE,Jean Loup GUYOT, Naziano FILIZOLA, Alain LARAQUE,Benoit LE GUENNEC, Eurides de OLIVEIRA, Francis SONDAG, Benoit LE GUENNEC, Eurides de OLIVEIRA, Francis SONDAG, Frédérique SEYLER, Frédérique SEYLER,
Geraldo BOAVENTURA, Gérard COCHONNEAU, Gutemberg SILVA, Jacques CALLEDE, Geraldo BOAVENTURA, Gérard COCHONNEAU, Gutemberg SILVA, Jacques CALLEDE, Jean Michel MARTINEZ, João Bosco ALFENAS, Josyane RONCHAIL, Julien NICOD, Jean Michel MARTINEZ, João Bosco ALFENAS, Josyane RONCHAIL, Julien NICOD,
Laurence MAURICE-BOURGOIN, Marcos RIOS, Marie Paule BONNET, Michel MOLINIER, Laurence MAURICE-BOURGOIN, Marcos RIOS, Marie Paule BONNET, Michel MOLINIER, Pascal FRAIZY, Pascal KOSUTH, Patricia MOREIRA-TURCQ, Patrick SEYLER, Pascal FRAIZY, Pascal KOSUTH, Patricia MOREIRA-TURCQ, Patrick SEYLER,
Philippe VAUCHEL, Reginaldo LONGUINHOS, Valdemar GUIMARAES Philippe VAUCHEL, Reginaldo LONGUINHOS, Valdemar GUIMARAES
Gauging stations national networksIn the Amazon basin
Etalonnage de la station: GUAYARA MERINValidité: 01/01/83 à nos jours
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Cote à l'échelle (cm)
Déb
it (
m3/
s)
Etalonnage
Jaugeages Moulinet
Jaugeages ADCP
Discharge measurements in Amazonian rivers :Rating curves corrections to estimate discharge
Meade et al., 1991. Environ. Geol. Water Sci., 18
Filizola. 2003. PhD Toulouse
Etalonnage de CUCUI, Rio Negro
0
5000
10000
15000
1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500
Cote à l'échelle (cm)
Déb
it (
m3/
s)
Q Jaugé
Etalonnage
Etalonnage de ARUMA JUSANTE, Rio Purus
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500
Cote à l'échelle (cm)
Déb
it (
m3/
s)
Q Jaugé
Backwater effects in Amazonian rivers :Rating curves corrections to estimate discharge
Backwater effects in Amazonian rivers :Rating curves corrections to estimate discharge
FAZENDA VISTA ALEGRE - RIO MADEIRA
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Water level (cm)
Dis
char
ge
(m3/
s)
Jaugeages
Jaugeages Corrigés
Table d'étalonnage
Q = f(H), Q = f(H, dH/dt), Q = f(H, dH/dL)
Vauchel. 2003. HYDRACCESS
FAZENDA VISTA ALEGRE - RIO MADEIRA
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
23/10/00 31/01/01 11/05/01 19/08/01 27/11/01 07/03/02 15/06/02 23/09/02
Dis
ch
arg
e (
m3
/s)
Normal rating curve
Corrected rating curve
On line data :
Cochonneau et al. 2004. LBA, Brasilia, Poster
Surface sampling every 10 daysSurface sampling every 10 daysSection sampling every 2 – 6 monthsSection sampling every 2 – 6 months
Seasonal suspended sediment variability in the Amazon basin :
HiBAm Reference Stations
0
5000
10000
15000
01/09/86 30/11/86 28/02/87 29/05/87 27/08/87
Dis
cha
rge
(m
3/s
) a
nd
TS
S (
mg
/l)
Discharge
TSS
Rio Beni - Rurrenabaque Rio Beni - Rurrenabaque (Bolivia)(Bolivia)
Amazon river at Óbidos
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
01/01/95 01/01/96 31/12/96 31/12/97 31/12/98
Dis
char
ge
(m3/
s)
0
50
100
150
200
250
TS
S (
mg
/l)
Discharge
TSS
Rio Amazonas - Rio Amazonas - ÓÓbidos (Brasil)bidos (Brasil)
y = 0.000957x2.502
r2 = 0.809n = 833
10
100
1 000
10 000
100 000
1 000 000
10 000 000
100 000 000
100 1 000 10 000 100 000
Débit (m3/s)
Dé
bit
so
lide
(to
nn
es
/jou
r)
100 000
1 000 000
10 000 000
100 000 1 000 000
Débit (m3/s)
Dé
bit
so
lide
(to
nn
es
/jou
r)
Seasonal suspended sediment variability in the Amazon basin :
QS = f(Q) not valid in many cases
1009585
Vt.1Vt.2Vt.3Vt.4Vt.5
1009585
Vt.1Vt.2Vt.3Vt.4Vt.5
Suspended sediment variability in the large amazonian river sections :
Sampling strategy
Filizola et al. 2004. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49
Suspended sediment variability in the large Amazonian river sections
17/11/95
0
20
40
60
0 100 200 300 400 500
MES (mg.l-1)
Pro
f. (
m)28/05/97
020406080
0 100 200 300 400 500
MES (mg.l-1)
Pro
f. (
m)
Suspended sediment vertical distribution
is a function of discharge
Filizola et al. 2004. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49
Suspended sediment variability in the large Amazonian river sectionsVel.(*10-1 m.s-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100
Prof
onde
ur (m
)
MES(*10 mg.l-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100
Prof
onde
ur (m
)
QS(t.j-1.m-1)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100
Prof
onde
ur (m
)
The maximum suspended sediment yieldis not located near the bottom river
Filizola et al. 2004. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 49
QSQSArAr = Q * = Q * [MES] [MES]ii / n* C / n* C
QSQSVeVe = = A Aii * V * Vii * [MES] * [MES]ii * C * C
QSQSInIn = = qc * [MES] qc * [MES]celcel * C * C
with [MES]with [MES]ii = f(dB) = f(dB)i i
Cochonneau. 2004. MESADCochonneau. 2004. MESAD
Suspended sediment variability in the large amazonian river sections :
calculating yields from on-line WHYBAM database using MESAD
y = 2,11x - 14,19
R2 = 0,89
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Surface Suspended Sediment (mg/l)
To
tal
Su
spen
ded
Sed
imen
t (m
g/l
)
Seasonal suspended sediment yield variability :calculating total suspended sediment from decadal surface
samplingand section exploration using HYDRACCESS
Rio Amazonas - Obidos
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
01/01/95 01/01/96 31/12/96 31/12/97 31/12/98 31/12/99 30/12/00 30/12/01 30/12/02 30/12/03
Dis
ch
arg
e (
m3
/s)
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
To
tal
Su
sp
en
de
d S
ed
ime
nt
(t/d
)
Discharge
Total Suspended Sediment
1995 – 2003 period : 760 106 t/yr
Seasonal suspended sediment yield variability : Perspectives
1. using MODIS data for monitoring surface suspended sediment
2. using 1D hydrodynamic model to estimate total suspended sediment transport
Martinez et al. 2004. LBA, Brasilia
Le Guennec et al. 2004. LBA, Brasilia
VVáárzea de Curuarzea de Curuaíí
Laguna GranjaLaguna Granja
??
??
Sediment budget in the Amazonian floodplain
Large scale hydrological budget : 3 to 6 mm/yr (Filizola et al., 2004. Large scale hydrological budget : 3 to 6 mm/yr (Filizola et al., 2004. LBA BrasiliaLBA Brasilia))
Hydrodynamic model on the Varzea de Curuai : 0.6 mm/yr (Maurice-Bourgoin et al., 2004. Hydrodynamic model on the Varzea de Curuai : 0.6 mm/yr (Maurice-Bourgoin et al., 2004. LBA LBA BrasiliaBrasilia))
PbPb210210 sedimentation rates in the Varzea de Curuai : 5 to 10 mm/yr (Moreira-Turcq et al., 2004. sedimentation rates in the Varzea de Curuai : 5 to 10 mm/yr (Moreira-Turcq et al., 2004. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, PalaeoecologyPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology))