Download - anfis sistem digestive
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)
Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)
Dr. Arief Fatoni
2010
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Obyektif Obyektif
Menerangkan fungsi pokok dari sistem Pencernaan
Mengidentifikasi alat-alat pokok dan alat-alat tambahan.
Menerangkan peranan hati dan kantong empedu dalam pencernaan
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Bertanggung jawab untuk menerima , mencerna , menyerap makanan,dan mengeluarkan sisa padat.
Saluran pencernaan (GI tract)
Alimentasi - untuk mencukupi gizi
Anatomy/PhysiologySistem Pencernaan
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN
ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN
Gigi / dentin Lidah / lingua Kelenjar ludah/ glandula salivarius Hati / hepar / liver Kantong empedu / vesica fellea/ gallbladder Pankreas / pancreas
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris Mulut (bucca, lingua)
• papillae Gigi
• mastikasi• dentin• pulp• gingiva
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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LINGUALINGUA Papilla lingualis
• Papilla lingualis sircumvalata
• Papilla lingualis fungiformis
Tonsila lingualis
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Gigi Gigi Arcus maxillaris (atas) Arcus mandibularis (bawah)
• Gigi depan untuk menggigit dan merobek
• Gigi belakang untuk mengunyah dan menggiling
Gigi decidua - shedding Primer - 20 gigi Permanen - 32 gigi
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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DENTSDENTS
Dents permanen Dents decidua Dents insicivus Dents caninus Dents premolar Dents molar
Superiordextra
Superiorsinistra
Inferiordextra
Inferiorsinistra
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris
Palatum, durum dan mole• bolus
Pharynx Uvula Esophagus Epiglottis
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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EsophagusEsophagus
kerongkogan chyme cardiac, atau bawah
esophageal atau gastroesophageal sphincter
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Lambung / VentriculusLambung / Ventriculus
Corpus /Body, fundus
pylorus rugae Sphincter
pyloricum
Fundus
Body
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Usus Halus /IntestinumUsus Halus /Intestinum Usus kecil entero – usus kecil villi Bagian-bagian
• duodenum• jejunum• ileum
Valvula ileocecalis
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Usus besar Usus besar
Usus besar colon cecum Appendix vermiformis
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Colon• ascenden• Flexura hepatica• transversum• Flexura splenicum• descenden
Sigmoid Rectum Anus
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Fungsi• Menghasilkan empedu• glucose - glycogen• Menimbun vitamin, B12, A, D, E, K• erythrocytolysis (pigmen dilepas dieliminasi dalam empedu
disebut bilirubin)• bilirubin membuat warna tinja khas /gelap • Mengeluarkan toxin dari darah • Membuat protein darah
Hati / Hepar / liver
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HEPARHEPAR
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PankreasPankreas internal – fungsi endocrine
• insulin• glucogon
external – fungsi exocrine • amylase - karbihidrat• trypsin, chymotrypsin - protein• lipase – lemak
Enzyme tidak aktif sampai berada di duodenum
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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PANKREASPANKREAS
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Kantong empedu Kantong empedu
Seperti buah pear – berbentuk kantong dibawah hati
chole berarti empedu Cyste berarti kantong atau saccus Kantong empedu berkontraksi mendorong
empedu keluar melelui ductus cysticus kedalam ductus biliverus communis
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS
SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS
Ductus hepaticus sinistra
Ductus hepaticus dextra Ductus hepaticus
communis Ductus sisticus Ductus choleducus Ductus pancreaticus Ampula vateri
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Empedu Empedu Empedu adalah getah pencernaan – bertindak
mengemulsi lemak menjadi way bahwa enzyme dapat mencerna lemak
Berjalan melalui ductus hepaticus ke ductus cysticus ke kantong empedu dimana dia ditimbun
Empedu mengandung air, garam-garam empedu, cholesterol, dan bilirubin (suatu zat warna hasil dari pemecahan hemoglobin)
bilirubin mebuat warna empedu kuning atau orange
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Lambung selama pencernaan Lambung selama pencernaan
Getah lambung• HCL – mengaktifkan
enzym
• protease
• pepsin
• lipase
Chyme
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Usus kecil selama pencernaan Usus kecil selama pencernaan
Pencernaan lengkap pada usus kecil
chyme tercampur dengan empedu dan getah pankreas
Penggumpalan (emulsifikasi)
Penyerapan (absorpsi)
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Usus besar Usus besar
Menerima sisa-sisa pencernaan dan menimbun sampai dilepaskan dari tubuh.
Penyerapan kelebihan air
faeces, tinja defekasi, atau gerakan
usus
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Patologi - UlcerPatologi - Ulcer
Gastric ulcer Peptic ulcer Ulcerative Colitis
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Patology - HerniaPatology - Hernia
Diaphragmatica Hiatal, Gastroesophageal Inguinal Umbilical
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Sumbatan ususSumbatan usus
Volvulus• Ischemia• Necrosis• Peritonitis
Intussuscepsi
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Hemorrhoid (wasir)Hemorrhoid (wasir)
Internal External Hemorrhoidectomy
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Gangguan Liver Gangguan Liver
Kuning - jaundice, icterus Hepatitis
• Type A - fecal, oral• Type B - parenteral, sexual, perinatal• Type C - parenteral ke darah , produk darah
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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DiverticulosisDiverticulosis
Diverticulitis obstipasi diverticulectomy
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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OncologiOncologi
Neoplasma dari lapisan epitelial• Adenocarcinoma lambung• Carcinoma esofagus• Carcinoma hepatoseluler• Carcinoma pankreas
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Aerophagia anorexia appendicitis ascites borborygmus bulimia
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
cachexia cholelithiasis cleft palate Crohn’s disease cirrhosis colic
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
deglutition dysentery dysphagia eructation fecalith flatus gastroesophageal reflux disease
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Halitosis hematemesis irritable bowel syndrome leukoplakia malabsorption syndrome melena obstipation
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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University
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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic
Peristalsis pyloric stenosis regurgitation steatorrhea visceroptosis