American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand
1867-2007
is produced by the U.S. ConsulateGeneral Chiang Mai in honor of His Majesty
King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 80th birthdayand in recognition of the many valuable
connections between our two countries past, present and future.
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 º≈ß“π¢Õß∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ∑’Ë®—¥∑”¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß„π‚Õ°“∑’Ë æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™ ∑√ß¡’æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ§√∫ 80 æ√√…“ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√√”≈÷°∂÷ß“¬—¡æ—π∏åÕ—π¡’§à“ √–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„πÕ¥’µ ªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–Õ𓧵
The American community in Chiang Mai welcomed the visit of Their Majesties the King and Queen
to northern Thailand, February 27 - March 17, 1958 ™ÿ¡™π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∂«“¬°“√√—∫‡¥Á®æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«
·≈–¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ √–À«à“߇¥Á®æ√–√“™¥”‡π‘𠇬’ˬ¡√“…Æ√®—ßÀ«—¥¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ «—π∑’Ë 27 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ∂÷ß 17 ¡’π“§¡ 2501
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007
ISBN 978-974-8134-31-4
Edited by: Beatrice Camp, Plai-auw Thongsawat, Supattra Suttilagsana
Translated by: Pantip Jatchavala, Dheerayupa Sukonthapanthu
Published by: The U.S. Consulate General Chiang Mai
July 2007
Designed by: Within Design Co., Ltd. Tel. 0 5327 2111
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬: ‡∫’¬∑√‘´ ·§¡ªá, ª≈“¬ÕâÕ ∑Õß«—¥‘Ï, ÿ¿—µ√“ ÿ∑∏‘≈—°…≥å
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Contents “√∫—≠ Preface 4§”π” Acknowledgements 6§”¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ Contributions in Education 8∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“ Collaboration in Medicine 22§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å Partnerships in Sustainable Development 34§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π U.S. Diplomatic Presence 42°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ Americans Who Made a Difference 49™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ Daniel McGilvary ¥“‡π’¬≈ ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ Sophia Bradley McGilvary 50 ‚´‡øï¬ ∫√—¥‡≈¬å ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ Harold Young 51 ·Œ‚√≈¥å ¬—ß Edwin McDaniel 52 ‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ·¡§¥“‡π’¬≈ David Wyatt 53 ‡¥«‘¥ «—¬Õ“® Chester Gorman 54 ‡™‡µÕ√å °Õ√å·¡π Joan Eubank 55 ‚®π ¬Ÿ·∫ߧå Dick Mann 56 ¥‘Í° ·¡ππå Rebecca Weldon Sithiwong 57 √’‡∫°°“ ‡«≈¥Õπ ‘∑∏‘«ß»å References and Sources 58‡Õ°“√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß ·≈–∑’Ë¡“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 4
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 5
Preface The relationship between northern Thailand and the United States is woven of
many strands. Starting with the arrival of American missionary Rev. Daniel McGilvary
in Chiang Mai in 1867, countless teachers, students, NGO workers, business people
and U.S. government experts and diplomats have formed the foundations on which
today’s relationship stands.
One of the most visible contributions made by Americans both historically and
today is in the area of education. As an example, a list of current university presidents
in the north shows the results of these continued U.S. connections: Chiang Mai and
Maejo University presidents both hold doctoral degrees from Oklahoma State, the
president of Rajabhat Chiang Mai has a Ph.D. from North Texas State and the president
of Mae Fah Luang graduated from the Rochester Institute of Technology. Many others
in the region have attended local schools founded by Americans, studied in the U.S.,
received Fulbright scholarships, participated in AFS exchange programs, or had their
first English lessons from a Peace Corps Volunteer.
Medicine, agriculture, music, architecture, and environment are a few of the
other areas in which U.S. involvement has made a difference. We hope through this
small booklet to interest others in these American threads in the Lanna fabric.
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 4
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 5
§”π” §«“¡—¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∂Ÿ°∂—°∑Õ¢÷ Èπ¥â«¬ “¬—¡æ—π∏å¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬·¢πß ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“‡™’¬ß„À¡à¢Õß¡‘™™—ππ“√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π ·¥‡π’¬≈ ·¡§°‘≈«“√’„πªï æ.». 2410 ºŸâ§π®”π«ππ—∫‰¡à∂â«π ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ§√Ÿ π—°»÷°…“ ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ËÕߧå°√‡Õ°™π π—°∏ÿ√°‘® ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠¢Õß√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∑“ß°“√∑Ÿµ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ∫ÿ§§≈‡À≈à“π’È≈â«π¡’à«π„π°“√√â“ßæ◊Èπ∞“𧫓¡—¡æ—π∏å‰∑¬-À√—∞œ ∑’ˇ√“ª√–®—°…å‡ÀÁπÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π Àπ÷Ëß„π§ÿ≥Ÿª°“√∑’ËÀ√—∞œ ¡Õ∫·°àª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑—Èß„πÕ¥’µ∑’˺à“π¡“·≈–„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ´÷Ëß“¡“√∂‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥∑’Ëÿ¥‰¥â·°à ‡√◊ËÕß°“√»÷°…“ Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õªí®®ÿ∫—π À≈“¬∑à“π§◊Õµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë·¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁ𧫓¡‡°’ˬ«‚¬ß¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ∑’Ë¡’¡“Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß Õ“∑‘ Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à·≈–¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â ‰¥â√—∫ª√‘≠≠“¥ÿ…Ø’∫—≥±‘µ®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·Ààß√—∞‚Õ§≈“‚Œ¡“ Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—؇™’¬ß„À¡à‰¥â√—∫ª√‘≠≠“ ¥ÿ…Ø’∫—≥±‘µ®“°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬πÕ√å∏‡∑Á°´— ·≈–Õ∏‘°“√∫¥’¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡àøÑ“À≈«ß®∫ °“√»÷°…“®“°∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√Õ™‡™‡µÕ√å πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’Õ’°À≈“¬∑à“π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ∑’ˇ§¬‡√’¬π„π‚√߇√’¬π∑’Ë™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π°àÕµ—Èߢ÷È𠇧¬‡¥‘π∑“߉ª»÷°…“µàÕ„πÀ√—∞œ ‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπ øÿ≈‰∫√∑å ‡§¬‡ªìππ—°‡√’¬π‡Õ‡Õø‡Õ À√◊Õ‡§¬‡√’¬π¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°®“°§√Ÿ∑’ˇªìπÕ““¡—§√Àπ૬—πµ‘¿“æÀ√—∞œ πÕ°®“°„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√»÷°…“·≈â« À√—∞œ ¬—ß¡’à«π‡°’ˬ«æ—π∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√æ—≤π“„π¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å °“√‡°…µ√ ¥πµ√’ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡ ·≈–‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡√“À«—ß«à“Àπ—ß◊Õ‡≈ࡇ≈Á°π’È ®–∑”„À⺟âÕà“π‡°‘¥§«“¡π„®„𓬄¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë∂—°∑ÕÕ¬Ÿà„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“º◊ππ’È
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 6
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 7
Acknowledgements The U.S. Consulate General Chiang Mai would like to thank Embassy Bangkok
for support, especially Public Affairs Officer Anne Casper for financial and translation
assistance. In addition, we would like to express gratitude to Cindy Beavon, Ken
Kampe, Gary Suwannarat, Terry Daru, Bill Young, Becky Sithiwong, Joan Eubank,
Dick Mann, Alan Feinstein, Terry Otis, Heather Smith, and Charly Mehl. Also, Serin
Jirakupt at Prince Royal’s College, Anukul Konkaew at McCormick Hospital, Arisa
Lertruek at Payap University Archives, Somchai Obboon at McKean Rehabilitation
Institute and Hospital, and Apaporn Nakvachara and Vichien Jiratikanchai from Radio
Thailand Chiang Mai.
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 6
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 7
§”¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠à·ÀàßÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑’˪√÷°…“ΩÉ“¬¢à“«“√·≈–ª√–™“—¡æ—π∏å ·Õππå ·§‡ªÕ√å ∑’Ë„Àâ°“√π—∫πÿπ¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π·≈–°“√·ª≈ ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àœ ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ Cindy Beavon,
Ken Kampe, Gary Suwannarat, Terry Daru, Bill Young, Becky Sithiwong, Joan
Eubank, Dick Mann, Alan Feinstein, Terry Otis, Heather Smith, Charly Mehl √«¡∑—ÈßÕ“®“√¬å‡√‘π∑√å ®‘√§ÿªµå À—«Àπâ“æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥∑å‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ §ÿ≥Õπÿ°Ÿ≈ °âÕπ·°â« À—«Àπâ“·ºπ°∫√‘°“√ ‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ §ÿ≥Õ√‘»“ ‡≈‘»æƒ°…å ÀÕ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ §ÿ≥¡™“¬ Õ∫∫ÿ≠ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√∂“∫—π·¡§‡§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈ §ÿ≥Õ“¿“æ√ 𓧫—™√– À—«Àπâ“ΩÉ“¬√“¬°“√«‘∑¬ÿ ∂“π’«‘∑¬ÿ°√–®“¬‡’¬ß·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ”π—°ª√–™“—¡æ—π∏å ‡¢µ 3 ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à §ÿ≥«‘‡™’¬√ ®‘√µ‘°“πµå™—¬ Õ¥’µºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√∂“π’«‘∑¬ÿ°√–®“¬‡’¬ß·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ”π—°ª√–™“—¡æ—π∏å ‡¢µ 3 ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 8
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 9
Contributions in Education
From the first western schools established in
Chiang Mai in the 19th century to extensive linkages
today, Americans have played a key role in the
educational development of northern Thailand.
For the first Americans arriving in Chiang Mai,
primarily Presbyterian missionaries, the foundation
of schools was of primary importance. Successful
educational institutions remain one of the most
prominent and continuing legacies of early
American involvement in northern Thailand.
Until the late 19th century, education in
northern Thailand was available only for boys and
only in Thai Buddhist temples. Education in the
temples was, for the most part, limited to reading
and writing skills and usually only for the most
ambitious and dedicated.
The model of education imported
from the United States transformed
education in northern Thailand. Despite
initial skepticism, Thais recognized that
western-style schools offered important
benefits to the country. H.M. King
Mongkut permitted American language
teachers into the Royal Palaces in the
mid-1800s, seeing the United States
as a country that did not aspire to build
Southeast Asian empires. In his view, the
Americans represented a “neutral” force
between France in the east and England
in the west.
Contributions in Education
Ms. Julia Hatch (third from the left), Principal of the American School for Girls, and teachers.
¡‘ ®Ÿ‡≈’¬ ·Œ™ §√Ÿ„À≠à‚√߇√’¬πµ√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π ·≈–§≥–§√Ÿ
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 8
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 9
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
π—∫µ—Èß·µà¡’°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·∫∫µ–«—πµ°¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à„π§√‘µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë 19 ¡“®π∂÷ߧ«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√»÷°…“Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡’∫∑∫“∑”§—≠„π¥â“π°“√æ—≤π“°“√»÷°…“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬¡“‚¥¬µ≈Õ¥ π—∫®“°™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π√ÿàπ·√°∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷߇™’¬ß„À¡à ´÷Ëßà«π„À≠à‡ªìπ¡‘™™—ππ“√’π‘°“¬‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π °“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π∂◊Õ‡ªìπ¿“√°‘®”§—≠Õ¬à“ß·√° ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“∑’˪√–∫§«“¡”‡√Á®∑’ˇÀÁπ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ‘ Ëßµ°∑Õ¥¡“®“°∫∑∫“∑¢Õß™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π√ÿ àπ·√° „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ °àÕπ∂÷ߪ≈“¬§√‘µå»µ«√√…∑’Ë 19 „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ‡©æ“–‡¥Á°™“¬‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’ˉ¥â‡√’¬πÀπ—ß◊Õ ·≈–µâÕ߇√’¬π„π«—¥‡∑à“π—Èπ à«π„À≠à·≈â« ‡¥Á°®–‰¥â‡√’¬π‡æ’¬ß°“√Õà“π·≈–‡¢’¬π ·≈–‡©æ“–‡¥Á°∑’ Ë¡’§«“¡∑–‡¬Õ∑–¬“π·≈–¢¬—π‡√’¬π‡∑à“π— Èπ®÷ß®–¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â‡√’¬π √Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“∑’Ëπ”¡“®“°À√—∞œ ‰¥â‡ª≈’Ë¬π‚©¡Àπâ“°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ·¡â«à“„πµÕπ·√°§π‰∑¬®–‰¡à§àÕ¬‡™◊ ËÕ¡— Ëπ„π√Ÿª·∫∫„À¡à‡∑à“„¥π—° ·µà°Áµ√–Àπ—°«à“‚√߇√’¬π·∫∫µ–«—πµ° ¡’ª√–‚¬™πå∑’ Ë”§—≠µàÕª√–‡∑» æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®
æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß¡’æ√–∫√¡√“™“πÿ≠“µ„Àâ§√ŸÕπ¿“…“™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‰¥â‡¢â“‰ª∂«“¬æ√–Õ—°…√„πæ√–∫√¡¡À“√“™«—ß„π™à«ß°≈“ߧ√‘µå∑»«√√… 1800 ‡π◊ ËÕß®“°∑√߇ÀÁπ«à“Õ‡¡√‘°“‡ªìπª√–‡∑»∑’ ˉ¡à‰¥â ¡’‡®µπ“∑’ Ë®–√â“ßÕ“≥“®—°√¢Õßµπ¢÷ Èπ„π‡Õ‡™’¬
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
Chiengmai Boys’ School or Wangsingkham Boys School, later re-named The Prince Royal’s College by Crown Prince Vajiravudh in 1906.
‚√߇√’¬π™“¬«—ß‘ßÀ委 µàÕ¡“¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡‚Õ√“∏‘√“™ ‡®â“øÑ“¡À“«™‘√“«ÿ∏œ æ√–√“™∑“ππ“¡‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ „πªï 2449
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 10
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 11
Secondary Schools The first Western school in northern Thailand
was directed at educating girls. Dara Academy,
now co-ed, traces its origins to American
missionary Sophia McGilvary’s decision to open
her Chiang Mai home to girls in 1875. McGilvary
taught needlework
and other home crafts
as well as Scripture.
As the popularity
of these gatherings
increased, McGilvary
sought out land to
develop an actual
school for girls. Thus
in 1879 Edna S. Cole
and Mary Campbell
founded and became
the first directors of
the “American Girls’
School” in Chiang
Mai. The school was
later named Dara
Academy in memory
of its early patron, Chiang Mai Princess Chao
Dararasmi, consort of King Chulalongkorn.
The Chiengmai Boys’ School, the forerunner
of the Prince Royal’s College, was founded under
similar auspices. In 1887, American Presbyterian
Rev. D.G. Collins moved from Bangkok to Chiang
Mai to set up a school on the west bank of the
Ping River. The school began with 2,000 baht and
about 30 students. As the first headmaster, Collins
not only oversaw the administration of the school
but laid the foundation for Western education in
northern Thailand, learning the local Lanna dialect,
seeking networks of support from the community
of Thais, managing the continual campaign for
funding from U.S. donors, and establishing the
first printing press in northern Thailand.
By 1906, the Chiengmai Boys’ School
had re-located to the east side of the river and
received from Crown Prince Vajiravudh the name
of “The Prince Royal’s College,” more commonly
called “PRC.” In 2006, PRC celebrated its 100th
anniversary under this name and commemorated
the early contributions Americans made in the
school’s development.
Americans also introduced Western-style
education in other northern provinces. In 1885,
Rev. Dr. Samuel C. Peoples and his wife founded
the Kenneth MacKenzie Memorial School in
Lampang, the first Western school outside of
Chiang Mai. Rev. Peoples and his wife also
founded the Lincoln Academy in Nan in 1904. By
1897, Rev. Daniel McGilvary and Dr. William Briggs
had constructed a small school in Chiang Rai as
well. Today eleven schools with American roots
Rev. David Ghormley Collins, founder of Chiengmai Boys’ School.
»“π“®“√¬å ¥’. ®’. §Õ≈≈‘πå ºŸâ°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π™“¬«—ß‘ßÀ委
Contributions in Education
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 10
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 11
µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ æ√–Õߧå∑√ß¡’æ√–√“™¥”√‘«à“ ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡ªìπÕ”π“® ç∑’ ˇªìπ°≈“ßé √–À«à“ßΩ√—Ë߇»∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°·≈–Õ—ß°ƒ…∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—πµ° ‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ ‚√߇√’¬π·∫∫µ–«—πµ°·Ààß·√°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬¡ÿàß„Àâ°“√»÷°…“·°à‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß ¥“√“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ´÷Ë߇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬πÀ»÷°…“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡’ª√–«—µ‘¬âÕπ‰ª∂÷߇¡◊ËÕ§√—Èß‚´‡øï¬ ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ ¡‘™™—ππ“√’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π µ—¥‘π„®‡ªî¥∫â“π∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à¢Õ߇∏Õ‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π”À√—∫‡¥Á°À≠‘ß„πªï æ.». 2418 ·À¡à¡·¡§°‘≈«“√’Õπ‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß„Àâ√Ÿâ®—°‡¬Á∫ªí°∂—°√âÕ¬·≈–ß“π·¡à∫â“πÕ◊ ËπÊ æ√âÕ¡∑—È߇√’¬πæ√–§—¡¿’√剪¥â«¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’π—°‡√’¬π¡“°¢÷Èπ ·À¡à¡·¡§°‘≈«“√’°Á‡“–À“∑’Ë¥‘π‡æ◊ËÕ√â“ß‚√߇√’¬π”À√—∫‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß‚¥¬‡©æ“– ‡¡◊ ËÕ∂÷ߪï æ.». 2422 ‡ÕÁ¥π“ ‡Õ. ‚§≈ ·≈–·¡√’ ·§¡ªá‡∫≈≈å ‰¥â√à«¡°—π°àÕµ—Èß·≈–‡ªìπºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‚√߇√’¬πÕ‡¡√‘°—π”À√—∫‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß (American Girlsû School) ¢÷Èπ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à ‚√߇√’¬ππ’ȵàÕ¡“§◊Õ‚√߇√’¬π¥“√“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡æ◊ËÕ√”≈÷°∂÷ߺŸâÕÿª∂—¡¿å√ÿàπ·√°§◊Õ æ√–√“™™“¬“ ‡®â“¥“√“√—»¡’ „π√—™°“≈∑’Ë 5 ”À√—∫‚√߇√’¬π™“¬¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à (Chiengmai Boysû School) ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‰¥â√—∫°“√°àÕµ—Èߢ÷Èπ„π∑”πÕߧ≈â“¬Ê °—π „π æ.». 2430 »“π“®“√¬å ¥’.®’. §Õ≈≈‘πå ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—ππ‘°“¬‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π‰¥â¬â“¬®“°°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‰ª¬—߇™’¬ß„À¡à‡æ◊ËÕ°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π¢÷Èπ„π∫√‘‡«≥Ωíòßµ–«—πµ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß ‚√߇√’¬π‡√‘Ë¡‡ªî¥Õπ‚¥¬¡’‡ß‘π∑ÿπ‡æ’¬ß 2,000 ∫“∑·≈–¡’π—°‡√’¬πª√–¡“≥ 30 §π »“π“-
®“√¬å§Õ≈≈‘πå´÷Ë߇ªìπ§√Ÿ„À≠à§π·√°‰¡à‡æ’¬ß¥Ÿ·≈¥â“π°“√∫√‘À“√‚√߇√’¬π‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà¬—ß‡ªìπºŸâ«“ß√“°∞“π”À√—∫°“√»÷°…“·∫∫µ–«—πµ°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ‡¢“‡√’¬π¿“…“≈â“ππ“ ·≈–¢Õ°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°™ÿ¡™π§π‰∑¬∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ √«¡∑—Èß√–¥¡‡ß‘π∫√‘®“§®“°™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π ∑—È߬—߉¥â°àÕµ—Èß‚√ßæ‘¡æå·Ààß·√°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ߪï æ.». 2449 ‚√߇√’¬π™“¬¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à °Á¬â“¬‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑“ßΩíòßµ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß ·≈–‰¥â√—∫æ√–√“™∑“π™◊ ËÕ‚√߇√’¬π„À¡à®“°¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡-‚Õ√“∏‘√“™ ‡®â“øÑ“¡À“«™‘√“«ÿ∏œ¬“¡¡°ÿÆ√“™°ÿ¡“√«à“ ‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ (The Prince Royalûs College) À√◊Õ∑’ ˇªìπ∑’ Ë√Ÿ â® —°°—π∑— Ë«‰ª„π™◊ ËÕ çæ’Õ“√å ’é æ’Õ“√å ’©≈Õߧ√∫√Õ∫ 100 ªï‚√߇√’¬π¿“¬„µâ™◊ ËÕ„À¡àπ’ ȉª‡¡◊ ËÕªï æ.». 2549 ·≈–®—¥æ‘∏’√”≈÷°∂÷ß
Rev. Collins with family in front of the printing house he founded, the first in Chiang Mai.
»“π“®“√¬å ¥’. ®’. §Õ≈≈‘πå·≈–§√Õ∫§√—«Àπâ“‚√ßæ‘¡æå·Ààß·√°¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à∑’Ë»“π“®“√¬å§Õ≈≈‘πå °àÕµ—Èߢ÷Èπ
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 12
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 13
educate Thai students in six northern provinces:
Chiang Mai, Lampang, Chiang Rai, Phrae, Nan
and Phitsanulok.
Higher Education Heartened by the success of these high
schools, American missionaries began planning the
construction of a northern private university. The
idea of establishing higher education in northern
Thailand arose in the Chiang Mai community in
the first part of the 20th century, when a group
of American Presbyterians drafted plans for a
“Laos Christian University.” Konrad Kingshill, a
young Presbyterian missionary, arrived in Chiang
Mai in 1947 to lay the groundwork for an enterprise
that culminated in the establishment of Payap
College almost 30 years later.
In 1974, after the Thai government approved
plans for private colleges, the Foundation of the
Church of Christ in Thailand opened Payap
College, the first private college outside of
Bangkok. Payap combined several American-
founded institutions, primarily the McGilvary
Theological Seminary and McCormick Hospital’s
Nursing School. The college added a humanities
faculty and absorbed the Theological Seminary’s
church music department, making Payap the first
school in Thailand to offer music as a course of
study. In 1984, Payap College gained university
status.
Payap University’s new law building and
international dormitory, dedicated in June 2007,
were partially funded through the American
Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) program
of the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID). ASHA also provided over $1 million
for Payap’s new central library, the Sirindhorn
Resource Learning Center, which opened in 2005.
Under this program, Payap has received over $8
million in U.S. government funding since 1978.
Mrs. Carolyn Ryberg Kingshill, one of the pioneers of Payap’ s University Music Department and wife of Dr. Konrad Kingshill, with students of the Church Music Department, Thailand Theological Seminary (Photo by permission of Payap University Archives)
¡‘´‘ ·§‚√≈’π ‰√‡∫Õ√å§ §‘ß匑≈≈å ‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß„πºŸâ°àÕµ—Èߧ≥–¥ÿ√‘¬»‘≈ªá ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ ·≈–‡ªìπ¿√√¬“¢Õß ¥√. §Õπ√“¥ §‘ß匑≈≈å °—∫π—°‡√’¬π·ºπ°¥πµ√’ «‘∑¬“≈—¬æ√–§√‘µ∏√√¡ (¿“扥â√—∫Õπÿ≠“µ®“°ÀÕ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ)
Contributions in Education
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 12
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 13
§ÿ≥Ÿª°“√µà“ßÊ ¢Õß™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë¡’à«π™à«¬æ—≤π“‚√߇√’¬π„π¬ÿ§·√°Ê ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π¬—߉¥â‡º¬·æ√à√Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“·∫∫µ–«—πµ°„π®—ßÀ«—¥Õ◊ËπÊ ∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊ե⫬ „πªï æ.». 2428 𓬷æ∑¬å ·´¡¡«≈ ´’. æ’‡æ‘≈å ·≈–¿√√¬“‰¥â°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π‡§π‡πÁ∏ ·¡§‡§Áπ ’¬å ‡¡¡‚¡‡√’¬≈¢÷ Èπ∑’ Ë®—ßÀ«—¥≈”ª“ß ´÷ Ë߇ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π·∫∫µ–«—πµ° ·Ààß·√°∑’ˉ¡à‰¥âµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à »“π“®“√¬å𓬷æ∑¬åæ’‡æ‘≈å·≈–¿√√¬“¬—߉¥â°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π≈‘π°—≈åπ Õ–·§‡¥¡’Õ’°·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π„πªï æ.». 2437 æÕ∂÷ߪï æ.». 2431 »“π“®“√¬å·¥‡π’¬≈ ·¡°°‘≈«“√’ ·≈–»“π“®“√¬å«‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ∫√‘°å‰¥â√â“ß‚√߇√’¬π‡≈Á°Ê ¢÷ÈπÕ’°·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡’‚√߇√’¬π∑’Ë°àÕµ—Èß‚¥¬
™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 11 ·Ààß„π 6 ®—ßÀ«—¥∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ §◊Õ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ≈”ª“ß ‡™’¬ß√“¬ ·æ√à πà“π ·≈–æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° °“√»÷°…“¢—ÈπÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“ §«“¡”‡√Á®¢Õß‚√߇√’¬π¡—∏¬¡ª≈“¬‡À≈à“π’ È∑”„Àâæ«°¡‘™™—ππ“√’‡°‘¥°”≈—ß„® ·≈–‡√‘ Ë¡°àÕ√â“ß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡Õ°™π·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëߢ÷Èπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ §«“¡§‘¥‡°’ ˬ«°—∫°“√°àÕ√â“ß∂“∫—π¢— ÈπÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“¢÷ Èπ„π ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬®ÿ¥ª√–°“¬¢÷Èπ„π™ÿ¡™π‡™’¬ß„À¡à„π™ à«ßµ âπ§√ ‘µ 廵«√√…∑’ Ë 20 ‡¡ ◊ ËÕ™“«Õ‡¡√ ‘° —π π‘°“¬‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π°≈ÿà¡Àπ÷Ëß√à“ß·ºπ°“√°àÕ√â“ß ç¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬§√‘‡µ’¬π≈“«é §Õπ√“¥ §‘ß匑≈≈å ∫“∑À≈«ßÀπÿà¡π‘°“¬‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷ß
McGilvary Theological Seminary, now part of Payap University (Photo by permission of Payap University Archives)
«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ√–§√‘µ∏√√¡·¡§°‘≈«“√’ ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπà«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ (¿“扥â√—∫Õπÿ≠“µ®“°ÀÕ®¥À¡“¬‡Àµÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ)
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 14
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 15
U.S. citizens were also instrumental in
the founding and development of Chiang Mai
University (CMU). The origins of the university
lie with a 1954 decision by the Thai Council
of Ministers to establish a medical school
in northern Thailand. This project secured
financial and developmental assistance from
the U.S. Operations Mission (USOM) in 1956
and led to a long-term collaboration with
the University of Illinois College of Medicine.
The U.S. commitment to constructing the
medical school included collaboration on a
master plan, the help of American technicians,
University of Illinois Chiang Mai Project When the Thai government decided in 1956 on Chiang Mai as the site of the first medical school outside of Bangkok, the U.S. government agreed to pay half the construction cost and to train Thai physicians in the U.S. After a survey team visited Chiang Mai in 1961, the University of Illinois College of Medicine embarked on an eight-year program of cooperation and assistance to the Faculty of Medicine of Chiang Mai Hospital, with support from the Agency for International Development (AID)’s U.S. Operations Mission (USOM) in Thailand. In 1964 the first group of seniors sat for the medical exam in Bangkok, winning the top four places among all medical students in the country. In 1965 construction began on a seven-story medical school-hospital building that was completed in 1969. Their Majesties the King and Queen presided over the dedication ceremony on January 29, 1970. During the eight years of the project, a total of $3,791,620 was committed by the U.S. government for its support. Although the contract with the University of Illinois ended in 1970, exchanges continued based on mutual academic benefit to the two institutions. In 2005, the University of Chiang Mai presented an honorary degree to one of the Americans involved in the project, biochemistry professor Dr. Floyd W. Dunn, for his contributions to medical research and development in Chiang Mai.
Amb. Ralph Boyce receives an award from HRH Princess Sirindhorn at the 2005 dedication of Payap University’s Sirindhorn Resource Learning Center, built with financial assistance from the U.S. government.
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ√“≈åø ∫Õ¬´å √—∫√“ß«—≈æ√–√“™∑“π®“°¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡∑æ√—µπ√“™ÿ¥“œ ¬“¡∫√¡√“™°ÿ¡“√’ „πæ‘∏’‡ªî¥Õ“§“√»Ÿπ¬å∑√—欓°√°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‘√‘π∏√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ ªï æ.». 2548 ´÷Ëß√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ „Àâ°“√π—∫πÿπ∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π
Contributions in Education
University of Illinois officials greet Their Majesties the King and Queen at the 1970 dedication of the medical school-hospital building.
‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å √—∫‡¥Á®æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«·≈–¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡-√“™‘π’π“∂ „π‚Õ°“‡¥Á®æ√–√“™-¥”‡π‘π¡“‡ªî¥Õ“§“√‡√’¬π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2513
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 14
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 15
‡™’¬ß„À¡à„πªï æ.». 2490 ‡æ◊ËÕ«“ß√“°∞“π”À√—∫°‘®°“√Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß´÷Ëß®–æ—≤π“°≈“¬‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ„π‡«≈“‡°◊Õ∫ 30 ªïµàÕ¡“ „πªï æ.». 2517 À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬Õπÿ¡—µ‘·ºπ°“√°àÕµ—Èß«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡Õ°™π ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¿“§√‘µ®—°√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â‡ªî¥«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∂“∫—πÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“¢Õ߇հ™π·Ààß·√°∑’ˉ¡àÕ¬Ÿ à„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ «‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—扥â√«¡‡Õ“∂“∫—π∑’Ë°àÕµ—Èß‚¥¬™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‰«â¥â«¬°—π ∑’Ë”§—≠Ê °Á¡’«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ√–§√‘µå∏√√¡·¡§°‘≈«“√’ ·≈–‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ «‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—欗߉¥â‡ªî¥§≥–¡πÿ…¬»“µ√å‡æ‘ Ë¡Õ’°§≥–Àπ÷ Ëß·≈–π”·ºπ°¥πµ√’§√‘µ®—°√¢Õß«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ√–§√‘µå∏√√¡·¡§°‘≈«“√’¡“√«¡‰«â¥â«¬ ∑”„Àâ«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ°≈“¬‡ªìπ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“·Ààß·√°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∑’ˇªî¥Õπ«‘™“¥πµ√’ „πªï æ.». 2527 «‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—扥â√—∫∂“π¿“懪ì¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ Õ“§“√„À¡à¢Õߧ≥–𑵑»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ·≈–ÀÕæ—°π—°»÷°…“π“π“™“µ‘ ´÷Ëß¡’æ‘∏’‡ªî¥‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π 2550 ‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π „π°“√°àÕ√â“ßà«πÀπ÷Ëß®“°‚§√ß°“√‚√߇√’¬π·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑» (American Schools and Hospitals Abroad › ASHA) ¿“¬„µâÕߧ尓√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»¢Õß√ —∞∫“≈À√ —∞œ (U.S. Agency for International Development › USAID) πÕ°®“°π’È ASHA ¬—߉¥â„Àâ‡ß‘π®”π«π 1 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√°àÕ√â“ß»Ÿπ¬å∑√—欓°√°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‘√‘π∏√ (”π—°ÀÕ¡ÿ¥) ·≈–‡ªî¥„™â‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√„πªï æ.». 2548 ¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√ ASHA π’È ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—扥â√—∫‡ß‘π∑ÿππ—∫πÿπ®“°√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ‰ª·≈â«°«à“ 8 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ π—∫µ—Èß·µàªï 2521 ‡ªìπµâπ¡“
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å ‚§√ß°“√‡™’¬ß„À¡à „πªï æ.». 2499 ‡¡◊ ËÕ√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬µ—¥‘π„® °àÕµ— Èß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å·Ààß·√°πÕ°°√ÿ߇∑æœ ¢÷ Èπ∑’ ˇ™ ’¬ß„À¡à √ —∞∫“≈À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“µ°≈ߙ૬‡À≈◊Õ §à“°àÕ√â“ߧ√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß·≈–„Àâ°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡·æ∑¬å‰∑¬ „πÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√ ‘°“ À≈—ß®“°§≥–”√«®‡¥ ‘π∑“ß ¡“‡™’¬ß„À¡à‡¡◊ ËÕ æ.». 2504 «‘∑¬“≈—¬°“√·æ∑¬å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πլ剥 ⇢ â“√ à«¡„π‚§√ß°“√ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ·≈–π—∫πÿπ√–¬–¬“« 8 ªï ·°à§≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ‚√ß欓∫“≈‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‚¥¬§«“¡π—∫πÿπ®“°Õߧ尓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» (Agency for International Development-AID) ´÷ËßµàÕ¡“‡ªìπÀπ૬ߓπ·¡à¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∫√‘À“√§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S. Operations Mission - USOM) „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ „πªï 2507 π—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å™ — Èπªï ÿ¥∑⓬ °≈ÿà¡·√°‰ªÕ∫„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–‰¥â§–·ππŸßÿ¥ „π’ËÕ—π¥—∫·√°¢Õßπ—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å∑—Èߪ√–‡∑» °“√°àÕ√â“ßÕ“§“√‡√’¬π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈À√◊Õ çµ÷°‡®Á¥™—Èπé ‡√‘ Ë¡„πªï æ.». 2508 ·≈–‡√Á®¡∫Ÿ√≥凡◊ËÕ ªï æ.». 2512 æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“-Õ¬ŸàÀ—«·≈–¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“œ æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ‡¥Á®æ√–√“™¥”‡π‘π¡“‡ªî¥Õ“§“√ ‡¡◊ ËÕ«—π∑’ Ë 29 ¡°√“§¡ 2513 µ≈Õ¥‚§√ß°“√ 8 ªï √—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ‰¥â„Àâ°“√π—∫πÿπ‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈§à“ 3,791,620 ‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ ·¡â«à“—≠≠“°—∫¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πլ剥â‘Èπÿ¥≈ß„πªï æ.». 2513 ·µà°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ√–À«à“ß∂“∫—π∑—ÈßÕ߬—ß¡’Õ¬ŸàµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õߧÿ≥ª√–‚¬™πå¥â“π«‘™“°“√√à«¡°—π „πªï æ.». 2548 ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à¡Õ∫ª√‘≠≠“¥ÿ…Æ’∫—≥∑‘µ°‘µµ‘¡»—°¥‘Ï·°à™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë ‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß„π°≈ÿà¡™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë¡’à«π√à«¡„π‚§√ß°“√ ∑à“π§◊Õ»“µ√“®“√¬å¥â“π™’«‡§¡’ »“µ√“®“√¬å ¥√. ø≈Õ¬¥å ¥—∫∫≈‘« ¥—ππå „π∞“π–∑’Ë∑à“π¡’§ÿ≥Ÿª°“√µàÕ°“√«‘®—¬·≈–°“√æ—≤π“∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 16
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 17
consultants, and administrators, and a promise to
provide American teachers until Thai instructors
were able to teach medical students themselves.
The commitment also included a scholarship
program sending Thai students to the United
States for graduate and post-graduate studies
in basic and clinical sciences. In total, the United
States government contributed some $3.8
million through USOM and its parent agency, the
Agency for International Development (AID), for
construction and support of the medical school.
In 1964, this medical school became the
core of Chiang Mai University, the first institution
of higher learning outside of Bangkok. From the
beginning, Chiang Mai University used a U.S.
educational model of faculties and departments
offering a range of majors, rather than following the
then-common Thai model of a university focused
on a single subject.
Chiang Mai University today continues its
relationship with the U.S. through linkages with
some 40 American universities as partners in
educational exchange. Via the Fulbright and other
exchange programs, many faculty have received
advanced degrees in the United States.
Exchanges Today’s U.S. involvement in northern Thai
education includes a broad set of exchanges for
students and teachers. One popular means for
high school study abroad is through agencies such
as the U.S. government-supported AFS exchange
program. Under this program over 5000 Thais
and hundreds of American students have lived and
studied in each other’s countries. Other non-profit
U.S. exchange agencies such as CIEE (Council on
International Educational Exchange), IES (Institute
for the International Education of Students) and
SIT (School for International Training) have also
established programs in Thailand to promote study
and work abroad opportunities with the U.S.
Fulbright scholarships are awarded to both
Americans and Thais to conduct research, study,
and teach in each other’s countries. Since 1949,
the Fulbright program has enabled over 1500 Thais
and over 500 Americans to research, study, and
teach in each other’s countries. Northern Thailand
is a popular destination for U.S. Fulbright scholars,
with at least three Fulbright recipients working in
the northern region each year.
For nearly 80 years the United States has
attracted Thai students; today Thailand ranks
10th among countries sending international
students to U.S. universities. As early as 1924
these students returned to form a “social-cum-
support group” that took the name American
University Alumni Association. In 1952 the U.S.
Embassy teamed up with this group to establish
Contributions in Education
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 16
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 17
æ≈‡¡◊ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π¬—ß¡’∫∑∫“∑”§—≠„π°“√°àÕµ—Èß·≈–æ—≤π“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·Ààßπ’È∂ ◊Õ°”‡π‘¥¢÷ Èπµ“¡¡µ‘§≥–√—∞¡πµ√’„πªï 2497 ∑’ Ë°”Àπ¥„Àâ¡’°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å¢÷Èπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ‚§√ß°“√π’ȉ¥â√—∫§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π·≈–°“√æ—≤π“®“°Àπ૬ߓπ∫√‘À“√§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S Operations Mission › USOM) „πªï æ.». 2499 ·≈–𔉪Ÿ ৫“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–¬–¬“«°—∫ §≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å §«“¡ºŸ°æ—π¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ „π°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å‰¥â·°à °“√√à«¡√à“ß·ºπ·¡à∫∑ §«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°™à“߇∑§π‘§ ∑’ ˪√÷°…“ ·≈–π—°∫√‘À“√™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π √«¡∑—Èß°“√—≠≠“«à“®–àßÕ“®“√¬å™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π ¡“ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ◊ËÕÕππ—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬å®π°«à“Õ“®“√¬å™“«‰∑¬®–“¡“√∂Õπ‰¥â‡Õß πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’°“√¡Õ∫∑ÿπ·°àπ—°»÷°…“‰∑¬„π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ„πÀ√—∞œ „π√–¥—∫∫—≥±‘µ·≈–∫—≥±‘µ»÷°…“∑—Èߥâ“π«‘∑¬“»“µ√åæ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ‚¥¬√«¡·≈â« √—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ‰¥â¡Õ∫‡ß‘πª√–¡“≥ 3.8 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ ºà“π∑“ßÀπ૬ߓπ∫√‘À“√§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (US Operations Mission - USOM) ·≈–Õߧå°√·¡à§◊ÕÕߧ尓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» (Agency for International Development - AID) ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√°àÕ√â“ß·≈–π—∫πÿπ‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å „πªï æ.». 2507 ‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å·Ààßπ’È°≈“¬‡ªìπ·°πÀ≈—°¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∂“∫—π¢—ÈπÕÿ¥¡»÷°…“·Ààß·√°∑’ˉ¡à‰¥âµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ µ—Èß·µà·√°‡√‘Ë¡¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à°Á„™â√Ÿª·∫∫°“√»÷°…“¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°“∑’ Ë·∫à߇ªìπ§≥–·≈–¿“§«‘™“ ·≈–¡’
«‘™“‡Õ°À≈“¬«‘™“„Àâ‡≈◊Õ°‡√’¬π ·∑π∑’Ë®–„™â√Ÿª·∫∫¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õ߉∑¬„π¢≥–π— Èπ∑’ Ë à«π„À≠à‡πâπ “¢“«‘™“‡©æ“–‡∑à“π—Èπ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à¬—ß√—°…“—¡æ—π∏¿“æ∑’ Ë¡’°—∫À√—∞œ ‚¥¬¡’°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ ˬπ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“°—∫¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ 40 ·Ààß „πÀ√—∞œ πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’Õ“®“√¬åÀ≈“¬∑à“π„π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ∑’ ˉ¥â‡¥‘π∑“߉ª»÷°…“µàÕ„πÀ√—∞œ¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π ‡™àπ øÿ≈‰∫√∑å ·≈–‚§√ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπÕ◊ËπÊ ‚§√ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π À√—∞œ¡’∫∑∫“∑µàÕ°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬
The U.S. Operations Mission (USOM), University of Illinois and Thai government collaborated in founding the first regional medical school, now the Faculty of Medicine of Chiang Mai University
Àπ૬ߓπ∫√‘À“√§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å·≈–√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬√à«¡¡◊Õ „π°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å·Ààß·√°„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ§≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 18
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 19
an English language center in Bangkok under
the name “AUA”. These centers spread to other
cities, with the U.S. providing money, teachers and
administrative assistance through the mid-1990s.
Today 20 language schools remain as the heir to
that partnership. These include AUA Chiang Mai,
established in 1957, as well as AUA branches in
Chiang Rai, Lampang and Phitsanulok.
In 1980, USAID funded the Hill Areas
Education Program of the non-formal Education
Department Effort to Promote Thai Literacy.
This educational program cooperated with local
villagers in the northernmost regions with the
intention of teaching practical goals such as
obtaining Thai citizenship or preventing drug
use. Many participants moved on to highland
development work through the UN, NGOs or
new government initiatives in later years.
U.S. Government Programs In the late 1990s, the U.S. Departments
of State and Education contributed funds to
establish two community colleges in the province
of Mae Hong Son, the first post-secondary school
institutions in this province along the Burma
border.
American UniversityAlumni Language Center (AUA) AUA Chiang Mai, which today offers language classes, cultural
programs, and an English language library, first opened in 1957 at the U.S.
Consulate under the sponsorship of the U.S. Information Service (USIS). In
1965, USIS and AUA moved from the Consulate premises to a building on
Thapae Road; the language school was managed by long-time Chiang Mai
resident Ruth Young. In 1969, USIS and AUA moved to the present compound
on Rajadamnern Road. An auditorium was added in 1973 for movies, lectures,
concerts, and exhibitions sponsored by the U.S. government with the mission
of creating mutual understanding between Thailand and the U.S.
Although AUA originally focused on teaching English to Thais, in the
mid-1980s Thai language courses were added for westerners. With the
closure of USIS Chiang Mai in 1996, AUA became a self-supporting language
school and cultural center. Today AUA Chiang Mai serves 7000 students
studying English each year and hundreds more studying Thai. The library,
which is available for the school’s language students and, for a small fee,
to the public, remains a gateway into American and Thai culture, language,
history, arts, and society.
AUA Director John Gunther and library patrons commemorated AUA’ s 10 years as a self-supporting institution in 2006
ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ®ÕÀåπ °—π‡∏Õ√å ·≈–¡“™‘°Õÿª∂—¡¿åÀâÕß¡ÿ¥ √”≈÷°∂÷ß«“√–∑’Ë ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡ªìπ∂“∫—π∑’Ëæ÷Ëßµπ‡Õߧ√∫ 10 ªï „πªï æ.». 2549
Contributions in Education
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 18
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 19
„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ‡™à𠂧√ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ®”π«π¡“°”À√—∫π—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“·≈–Õ“®“√¬å «‘∏’°“√Àπ÷Ëß ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„π°“√‡¥‘π∑“߉ª»÷°…“√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡ª≈“¬„πµà“ߪ√–‡∑»§◊Õ°“√µ‘¥µàÕºà“π‚§√ß°“√ ‡Õ ‡Õø ‡Õ (AFS) ´÷ Ë߉¥â√ —∫‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ®“°À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√π’È ¡’π—°‡√’¬π‰∑¬°«à“ 5,000 §π ·≈–π—°‡√’¬πÕ‡¡√‘°—πÀ≈“¬√âÕ¬§π‰¥â¡’‚Õ°“Õ“»—¬·≈–»÷°…“„π∑—ÈßÕߪ√–‡∑» πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’”π—°ß“π·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“∑’ˉ¡à·«ßº≈°”‰√Õ’°À≈“¬·Ààß„πÀ√—∞œ ∑’ Ë√ à«¡¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡æ◊ ËÕà߇√‘¡ °“√»÷°…“·≈–°“√∑”ß“π„πÀ√ —∞œ ¥ ⫬ Õ“∑‘ Council on International Educational Exchange ›CIEE, Institute for the International Education of
Students › IES ·≈– School for International Training › SIT ∑ÿπøÿ≈‰∫√∑凪ìπ∑ÿπ∑’ Ë¡Õ∫„Àâ·°à™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π·≈–™“«‰∑¬‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√§âπ§«â“ «‘®—¬ ·≈–∑”°“√Õπ„π‰∑¬À√◊ÕÀ√—∞œ µ—Èß·µàªï æ.». 2492 ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ¡’™“«‰∑¬°«à“ 1,500 §π·≈–™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π°«à“ 500 §π ‰¥â§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬ ‡√’¬π·≈–Õπ„πÀ√—∞œ ·≈–‰∑¬ ºà“π∑ÿπøÿ≈‰∫√∑å ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬‡ªìπ∂“π∑’Ë´÷ËߺŸâ‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπøÿ≈‰∫√∑噓«Õ‡¡√‘°—ππ‘¬¡¡“∑”°“√»÷°…“·≈–§âπ§«â“ ‚¥¬„π·µà≈–ªï ®–¡’ºŸâ‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπøÿ≈‰∫√∑噓«Õ‡¡√‘°—πÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬“¡§π∑”ß“π§âπ§«â“Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“‡°◊Õ∫ 80 ªï¡“·≈â«∑’ ËÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¥÷ߥŸ¥π—°‡√’¬π‰∑¬ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬àßπ—°»÷°…“‰ª‡√’¬π
∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à´÷Ëß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªî¥Õπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–¿“…“‰∑¬ ®—¥‚§√ß°“√«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–„Àâ∫√‘°“√ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥Àπ—ß◊Õ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ… ‡ªî¥∑”°“√‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2500 ≥ ∂“π°ßÿ≈À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√Õÿª∂—¡¿å®“°”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π (United States Information Service-USIS) µàÕ¡“„πªï æ.». 2508 ¬Ÿ´‘·≈– ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‰¥â¬â“¬ÕÕ°®“°∫√‘‡«≥∂“π°ßÿ≈‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’ËÕ“§“√∫π∂ππ∑à“·æ ¢≥–π—Èπ ∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“∫√‘À“√‚¥¬ Ruth Young ´÷Ëßæ”π—°Õ¬Ÿà„π‡™’¬ß„À¡à¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ®π„πªï æ.». 2512 ¬Ÿ´‘ ·≈– ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ °Á‰¥â¬â“¬¡“Õ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∂ππ√“™¥”‡π‘πµ√“∫∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π „πªï æ.». 2516 ¡’°“√√â“ßÀÕª√–™ÿ¡‡æ‘Ë¡‡æ◊ËÕ©“¬¿“æ¬πµ√å ®—¥∫√√¬“¬ ·¥ß¥πµ√’ ·≈–®—¥π‘∑√√»°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ‡ªìπºŸâÕÿª∂—¡¿å ‚¥¬¡’¿“√°‘®§◊Õ√â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’Ë¥’√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ ·¡â«à“‡¥‘¡∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ¡ÿà߇πâπÕπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…„Àâ§π‰∑¬ ·µà„π°≈“ߧ√‘µå∑»«√√…∑’Ë 1980 (æ.». 2523-2533) °Á¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡À≈—°Ÿµ√¿“…“‰∑¬”À√—∫™“«µ–«—πµ° ‡¡◊ËÕ ¬Ÿ´‘ „π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡àªî¥µ—«≈ß„πªï æ.». 2539 ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ®÷ß°≈“¬‡ªìπ∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“·≈–»Ÿπ¬å«—≤π∏√√¡∑’Ëæ÷Ëßµπ‡Õß „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à Õπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…·°àπ—°‡√’¬πªï≈– 7,000 §π ·≈–Õπ¿“…“‰∑¬·°àπ—°‡√’¬πªï≈–À≈“¬√âÕ¬§π ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ „Àâ∫√‘°“√ø√’·°àπ—°‡√’¬π¢Õß ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ·≈–„Àâ∫√‘°“√·°à“∏“√≥™π‚¥¬‡°Á∫§à“∫√‘°“√‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥·Ààßπ’ȇªìπª√–µŸŸà«—≤π∏√√¡ ¿“…“ ª√–«—µ‘»“µ√å »‘≈ª–·≈–—ߧ¡¢Õ߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
Mrs. Ruth Young, the first director of AUA Chiang Mai, with students in 1957
π“ß√Ÿ∏ ¬—ß ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à §π·√°°—∫π—°‡√’¬π „πªï æ.». 2500
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 20
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 21
variety of capacities. In 2006 a dozen volunteers
based in northern Thailand worked on projects
primarily related to education in rural areas
A look at Thai schools today reveals the
extent of U.S. influence on the Thai educational
system. The American and Thai partnership in
providing educational opportunities in northern
Thailand began with schooling taught in missionary
homes and went on to opening classroom doors
for girls, developing medical schools, and instituting
exchange programs. Early Americans in northern
Thailand who prioritized the creation of schools,
followed by later U.S.-supported programs, have
left a lasting impact in the field of Thai education.
Amb. Darryl N. Johnson (2001-2004) presented computers donated by the American Chamber of Commerce to Jakamkanatorn School in Lamphun, where he taught English as a Peace Corps volunteer in the 1960s
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ ·¥√å√‘≈ ®ÕÀåπ—π ∑”æ‘∏’¡Õ∫Õÿª°√≥å§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ∑’ËÀÕ°“√§â“Õ‡¡√‘°—π∫√‘®“§„Àâ·°à‚√߇√’¬π®—°√§”§≥“∏√ ≈”æŸπ ´÷Ëß ∑à“π‡§¬Õπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¢≥–‡ªìπÕ““¡—§√—πµ‘¿“æÕ‡¡√‘°—π „π∑»«√√… 1960
Prince Royal’s College In 1887, Rev. David G. Collins, an American missionary working under the Laos Mission of the Presbyterian Church in USA, founded the first school for boys outside of Bangkok. This “Chiengmai Boys’ School” was initially located on the west side of the Ping river at Wangsingkham. The second director, Rev. William Harris, purchased land at the present location and moved the school to the east side of the river on Nawarat Road. On Jan. 2, 1906, Crown Prince Maha Vajiravudh laid the cornerstone for the first classroom building and bestowed the current name, The Prince Royal’s College. Headed by
three American directors for its first 63 years, PRC is today one of the largest schools in Chiang Mai and one that nurtures continued strong connections with
the U.S.
‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ „πªï æ.». 2430 »“π“®“√¬å ‡¥«‘¥ ®’. §Õ≈≈‘πå ¡‘™™—ππ“√’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π ´÷Ëß∑”ß“π°—∫‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π≈“« (Laos Mission of the Presbyterian Church) „πÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ °àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·Ààß·√°”À√—∫π—°‡√’¬π™“¬πÕ°°√ÿ߇∑æœ ç‚√߇√’¬π™“¬‡™’¬ß„À¡àé π’ȇ¥‘¡µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥Ωíòßµ–«—πµ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß∑’Ë∫â“π«—ß‘ßÀ委 ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‚√߇√’¬π§π∑’Ë 2 »“π“®“√¬å ¥√. «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ·Œ√‘ ´◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¥‘π∑’ˇªìπ∂“π∑’˵—Èßªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈–¬â“¬‚√߇√’¬π¡“Õ¬ŸàΩíòßµ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß∫π∂ππ·°â«π«√—∞ „π«—π∑’Ë 2 ¡°√“§¡ æ.». 2449 ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡‚Õ√“∏‘√“™ ‡®â“øÑ“¡À“«™‘√“«ÿ∏ ¬“¡¡°ÿÆ√“™°ÿ¡“√ ∑√ß«“ß»‘≈“ƒ°…åÕ“§“√‡√’¬π·Ààß·√°·≈–æ√–√“™∑“π™◊ËÕ ª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ™◊ËÕ∑’Ë„™â„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È „π™à«ß 63 ªï·√° ‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬∫√‘À“√‚¥¬ºŸ âÕ”π«¬°“√‚√߇√’¬π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π 3 §π ªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß„π‚√߇√’¬π∑’ Ë„À≠à∑’ Ëÿ¥„π‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π∑’ Ë√ —°…“§«“¡—¡æ—π∏å·π∫·πàπÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ ËÕß°—∫À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
Rev. William Harris
»“π“®“√¬å «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ·Œ√‘
Contributions in Education
Another U.S. government institution with a
long relationship with Thailand and the north is
the Peace Corps; since 1962, some 8,000 Peace
Corps Volunteers have served in Thailand in a
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 20
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 21
µàÕ„πÀ√—∞œ ¡“°‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫ 10 ¢Õß‚≈° ¬âÕπ‰ª„πªï æ.». 2467 §π‰∑¬À≈“¬§π∑’ˇ§¬»÷°…“„πÀ√—∞œ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥‘π∑“ß°≈—∫ª√–‡∑» ‰¥â°àÕµ—Èß ç°≈ÿà¡—ß√√§å ·≈–‡°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈é ¢÷Èπ µàÕ¡“„™â™◊ËÕ«à“¡“§¡π—°‡√’¬π‡°à“À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“·≈–‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2495 ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√-√“™∑ŸµÀ√—∞œ‰¥â√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫¡“§¡π—°‡√’¬π‡°à“œ °àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬πÕπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…¢÷ Èπ „π™◊ ËÕ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ∑’ Ë°√ÿ߇∑æœ »Ÿπ¬åÕπ¿“…“π’È¢¬“¬‰ª¬—߇¡◊ÕßÕ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬À√—∞œ ‡ªìπΩÉ“¬π—∫πÿπ¥â“π°“√‡ß‘π Õ“®“√¬å ·≈–„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ¥â“π°“√∫√‘À“√µ≈Õ¥™à«ß°≈“ߧ√‘µå∑»«√√… 1990 ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡ªî¥“¢“ 20 ·Ààß∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ √«¡∑—Èß ∑’ ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à∑’ ˇªî¥¡“µ—Èß·µà æ.». 2500 ·≈–µàÕ¡“ ∑’Ë ‡™’¬ß√“¬ ≈”ª“ß ·≈–æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° „πªï æ.». 2523 Õߧ尓√‡æ ◊ ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (USAID) ‰¥â„Àâ‡ß ‘ππ—∫πÿπ‚§√ß°“√°“√»÷°…“”À√—∫™“«‡¢“¢Õß°√¡°“√»÷°…“πÕ°‚√߇√’¬π∑’Ë¡’«—µ∂ÿª√–ߧå‡æ◊ËÕà߇√‘¡°“√√ŸâÀπ—ß◊Õ‰∑¬ ‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â√—∫§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°™“«∫â“π„π‡¢µ®—ßÀ«—¥‡Àπ◊Õÿ¥¢Õ߉∑¬ ‚¥¬¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕÕπ„π‘Ëß∑’Ë“¡“√∂π”¡“„™âª√–‚¬™π剥⠇™àπ °“√¢Õ—≠™“µ‘‰∑¬À√◊Õ°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√„™â ¬“‡æµ‘¥ ‡ªìπµâπ ¡’™“«∫â“π®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë√à«¡¡◊Õ µàÕ‰ª„π‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“‡¢µ∑’Ë√“∫Ÿßºà“πÕߧ尓√Àª√–™“™“µ‘ Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π À√◊Õ‚§√ß°“√„À¡àÊ ¢Õß√—∞∫“≈„π¬ÿ§À≈—ßÊ
‚§√ß°“√¢Õß√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ „π™à«ßª≈“¬§√‘µå∑»«√√… 1990 °√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»·≈–°√–∑√«ß»÷°…“∏‘°“√¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ‰¥â¡Õ∫‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ°“√°àÕµ—Èß«‘∑¬“≈—¬™ÿ¡™πÕß·Ààß„π®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕßÕπ ´÷Ëßπ—∫‡ªìπ∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“µàÕ®“°√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“·Ààß·√°„π®—ßÀ«—¥∑’ ˵‘¥°—∫™“¬·¥πæ¡à“·Ààßπ’È ∂“∫—πÕ’°·ÀàßÀπ÷ ËߢÕßÀ√—∞œ ∑’ Ë¡ ’§«“¡—¡æ—π∏åÕ—π¬“«π“π°—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ§◊ÕÀπ૬Փ“¡—§√—πµ‘¿“æÀ√—∞œ (Peace Corps) µ— Èß·µàªï æ.». 2505 ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ Õ““¡—§√Àπ૬—πµ‘¿“æÀ√—∞œ ª√–¡“≥ 8,000 §π‰¥âªØ‘∫—µ‘Àπâ“∑’Ë„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π∫∑∫“∑µà“ßÊ „πªï æ.». 2549 ¡’Õ““¡—§√ 12 §π∑’Ë∑”ß“π„π‚§√ß°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π‡¢µ™π∫∑¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡√“¡Õß∂“∫—π°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡√“®–‡ÀÁ𧫓¡‡°’ ˬ«æ—π¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ∑’ Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈ µàÕ√–∫∫°“√»÷°…“‰∑¬ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ßÀ√—∞œ ·≈–‰∑¬„π°“√√â“ß‚Õ°“∑“ß°“√»÷°…“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡√ ‘ Ë¡µâπ∑’ Ë°“√ÕπÀπ—ß◊Õ„π∫â“π¢Õß¡‘™™—ππ“√’ À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ°Á¡’°“√‡ªî¥ÀâÕ߇√’¬π„Àâ°“√»÷°…“”À√—∫‡¥Á°ºŸâÀ≠‘ß °“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å ·≈–°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚§√ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π¬ÿ§·√°Ê ∑’ËÕ“»—¬ „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ´÷Ëß¡Õ߇ÀÁ𧫓¡”§—≠¢Õß°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π µ≈Õ¥®π‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°À√—∞œ „π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ‰¥âàߺ≈µàÕ°“√»÷°…“¢Õ߉∑¬◊∫¡“®π∂÷ß∑ÿ°«—ππ’È
∫∑∫“∑„π¥â“π°“√»÷°…“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 22
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 23
Early Thai-American partnerships in
medicine that created the first hospitals and the
first nursing school in northern Thailand continue
today as major teaching and research projects. A
legacy of 140 years of Thai-American cooperation
in medical education produced internationally
recognized facilities such as Chiang Mai University’s
medical school and Payap University’s McCormick
Faculty of Nursing. On the research side, U.S.-
Thai collaboration has evolved to a focus on jointly
combating worldwide health threats such as HIV/
AIDS and emerging infectious diseases.
Beginning with the arrival of Dr.
C.W. Vrooman in 1872, Americans
introduced medical techniques
such as surgery, first performed
in Chiang Mai by Dr. Vrooman.
American doctors also brought to
the north medicines such as quinine,
the concept of sanitation, the
smallpox vaccine and devices such
as the X-ray. By 1900, Americans
had established hospitals in five
provinces -- Chiang Mai, Lampang,
Phrae, Nan and Chiang Rai -- with
financial support and approval from
northern princely families and local
communities.
Collaboration in Medicine
Collaboration in Medicine
American Mission Hospital on the west side of Ping River, now the Red Cross Health Station 3
‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ ∫πΩíòß·¡àªîß∑‘»µ–«—πµ° ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡ªìπ∑’˵—Èß∂“π’°“™“¥∑’Ë 3 ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¿“°“™“¥‰∑¬
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 22
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 23
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å√–À«à“߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ „π¬ÿ§·√° ´÷Ëß𔉪Ÿà°“√√â“ß‚√ß欓∫“≈·≈–«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ¬“∫“≈·Ààß·√°¢÷Èπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ¬—ߧߥ”‡π‘πµàÕ¡“®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß‚§√ß°“√Õπ·≈–ß“π«‘®—¬ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ ´÷ Ëß◊∫‡π◊ ËÕß¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 140 ªï °àÕ „À⇰‘¥∂“∫—π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√¬Õ¡√—∫®“°µà“ߪ√–‡∑» ‡™àπ §≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–§≥–欓∫“≈»“µ√å·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ ”À√—∫¥â“π°“√«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ ‰¥âæ—≤𓉪Ÿà‡√◊ ËÕß°“√√à«¡°—πµàÕŸâ¿—¬§ÿ°§“¡¥â“πÿ¢¿“æ∑’ˇªìπªí≠À“ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß‚≈° ‡™à𠇙◊ÈÕ‡ÕÁ™‰Õ«’·≈–‚√§‡Õ¥å ·≈–‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„À¡àÊ ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡ªìπºŸâ·π–π”‡∑§π‘§∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å„À¡àÊ ·°à‰∑¬ ‡™àπ °“√ºà“µ—¥ ´÷Ëß∑”‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‚¥¬π“¬·æ∑¬å ’. ¥—∫‡∫‘≈¬Ÿ. «√Ÿ·¡π ´÷ Ë߇¥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷߉∑¬ „πªï æ.». 2415 ·æ∑¬å™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‡ªìπºŸâ𔬓√—°…“‚√§µà“ßÊ ‡¢â“¡“„π‰∑¬ ‡™à𠬓§«‘π‘π ·≈–¬—ßπ”°“√ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈ «—§´’π‰¢â∑√æ‘… ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å°“√·æ∑¬å ‡™à𠇧√◊ ËÕß©“¬‡ÕÁ°´å‡√¬å ‡¢â“¡“„π‰∑¬¥â«¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ߪï æ.». 2443 ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—𠉥â°àÕµ—Èß‚√ß欓∫“≈¢÷Èπ„π 5 ®—ßÀ«—¥ §◊Õ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ≈”ª“ß ·æ√à πà“π ·≈–‡™’¬ß√“¬ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ
∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π·≈–§«“¡‡ÀÁπ™Õ∫®“°‡®â“π“¬ΩÉ“¬‡Àπ◊Õ·≈–™ÿ¡™π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ‚√ß欓∫“≈·Ààß·√° „πªï æ.». 2431 𓬷æ∑¬å «√Ÿ·¡π‰¥â√â“ß ‚√ß欓∫“≈·Ààß·√°¢÷ Èπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬§◊Õ
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American medical missionaries established Chiang Rai’s Overbrook Hospital in 1903; this administration building was built in 1908 with support from U.S. churches.
·æ∑¬å¡‘™™—Ëππ“√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π°àÕµ—Èß‚√ß欓∫“≈‚Õ‡«Õ√å∫√ÿä§ ‡™’¬ß√“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2446 µ÷°Õ”𫬰“√„π¿“æ√â“ߢ÷Èπ„πªï æ.». 2451 ‚¥¬°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°‚∫∂åµà“ßÊ „πÀ√—∞œ
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 24
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 25
The First Hospital In 1888, Dr. Vrooman constructed the first
medical establishment in northern Thailand, the
American Mission Hospital. This building on the
west bank of the Ping River, which today houses
the Thai Red Cross, was built with $10,000 from
the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian
Church in America.
In 1889, Dr. James W. McKean assumed
leadership of the American Mission Hospital,
expanding and improving the facility. In 1904 he
established a lab for the production of vaccine; his
pioneering smallpox vaccination program reached
McCormick Hospital The American Mission Hospital in Chiang Mai
began as a small medical facility in 1888, with the first
permanent building erected in 1892. The hospital took
the name McCormick in 1925 in tribute to the funding
provided by American donor Mrs. Cyrus McCormick
of Chicago, whose family founded the International
Harvester Corporation.
HRH Prince Mahidol, father of HM King Bhumipol,
worked at McCormick Hospital in 1929 after graduating
from Harvard Medical School in the U.S. Unable to serve
a residency in Bangkok because of his royal status and
having become interested in McCormick’s work with
malaria, TB, and surgery during an earlier visit, the Prince
chose to work and study in Chiang Mai with American
missionary and hospital director Dr. Edwin C. Cort. Prince
Mahidol’s residency and contributions are commemorated
in a small exhibit at McCormick, today a modern general
hospital that sees nearly 60,000 patients annually.
Dr. Edwin C. Cort and Mabel Gilson Cort
𓬷æ∑¬å‡ÕÁ¥«‘π §Õ√å∑ ·≈–π“ß¡“‡∫≈ °‘≈—π §Õ√å∑
people throughout the country. In 1908, Dr. Edwin
C. Cort became the new director. He moved the
hospital to the east side of the river in 1920, later
renaming it “McCormick Hospital” in recognition of
financial support from a far-away benefactor, Mrs.
Cyrus McCormick of Chicago, Illinois. The prince
of Chiang Mai, Chao Kaew Nawarat, and Princess
Dararasmi also donated money.
McCormick Hospital is particularly proud that
Prince Mahidol, widely known as the father of Thai
medicine, practiced there in 1929 after completing
medical training at Harvard University and MIT in
the U.S., Prince Mahidol had shown interest in
Collaboration in Medicine
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 24
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 25
‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ ‚√ß欓∫“≈·Ààßπ’ȵ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫πΩíòßµ–«—πµ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß ´÷Ëß„πªí®®ÿ∫—π°≈“¬‡ªìπ∑’Ë∑”°“√¢Õß∂“π’°“™“¥∑’Ë 3 ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¿“°“™“¥‰∑¬ °“√°àÕ√â“ß‚√ß欓∫“≈„™â‡ß‘πª√–¡“≥ 10,000 ‡À√’¬≠À√—∞œ ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫®“° Board of Foreign Missions ¢Õß §√‘µ®—°√‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬π„πÀ√—∞œ „πªï æ.». 2432 𓬷æ∑¬å ‡®¡å ¥—∫∫≈‘«¬Ÿ. ·¡§‡§π ‡¢â“√—∫µ”·ÀπàߺŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ ·≈–‰¥âµàÕ‡µ‘¡·≈–ª√—∫ª√ÿß‚√ß欓∫“≈„Àâ∑—π¡—¬¢÷Èπ „πªï æ.». 2447 𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π ‰¥â√â“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√«‘∑¬“»“µ√å‡æ◊ËÕ„™âº≈‘µ«—§´’π¢÷È𠂧√ß°“√«—§´’π‰¢â∑√æ‘…∑’ˇ¢“‡ªìπºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡“¡“√∂©’¥«—§ ’π„Àâª√–™“™π∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» „πªï æ.». 2451 ‡¡◊ËÕ
𓬷æ∑¬å‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ´’. §Õ√å∑ √—∫µ”·ÀπàߺŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ §π„À¡à¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈ ‡¢“‰¥â¬â“¬‚√ß欓∫“≈‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’ËΩíòßµ–«—πÕÕ°¢Õß·¡àπÈ”ªîß ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2463 ·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ‡ªìπ ç‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§é ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπÕπÿ√≥å·¥àπ“߉´√— ·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ·Àà߇¡◊Õß™‘§“‚° √—∞Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å ´÷Ë߉¥â¡Õ∫‡ß‘π™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ„π°“√°àÕµ—Èß ‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·¡âµ—«®–Õ¬Ÿ àÀ à“߉°≈ ‡®â“·°â«π«√—∞ ‡®â“ºŸâ§√Õßπ§√‡™’¬ß„À¡à·≈–æ√–√“™™“¬“ ‡®â“¥“√“√—»¡’ °Á∑√ß√à«¡∫√‘®“§‡ß‘π„Àâ·°à‚√ß欓∫“≈¥â«¬ ‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§¡’§«“¡¿Ÿ¡‘„®‡ªìπ摇»…‡¡◊ËÕ¡‡¥Á®‡®â“øÑ“œ °√¡¢ÿπߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√ (¡‡¥Á® æ√–¡À‘µ≈“∏‘‡∫»√ Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™«‘°√¡ æ√–∫√¡√“™™π°) ∫‘¥“·Ààß°“√·æ∑¬å‰∑¬ ‰¥â‡¥Á®¡“∑√ßß“πÕ¬Ÿ à∑ ’ Ë
‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ‡™’¬ß„À¡à‡√‘Ë¡„Àâ∫√‘°“√„π∞“π–Àπ૬·æ∑¬å¢π“¥‡≈Á° „πªï æ.». 2431 ‚¥¬¡’Õ“§“√∂“«√Õ“§“√·√°„πªï æ.». 2435 ‚√ß欓∫“≈„™â™◊ËÕ·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ „πªï æ.». 2468 ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√√”≈÷°∂÷ßπ“߉´√— ·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ®“°‡¡◊Õß™‘§“‚°∑’Ë¡Õ∫‡ß‘π∑ÿπ„π°“√°àÕµ—Èß §√Õ∫§√—«¢Õßπ“߉´√— ·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§‡ªìπºŸâ°àÕµ—Èß International Harvester Corporation ¡‡¥Á®‡®â“øÑ“œ °√¡¢ÿπߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√ æ√–∫√¡√“™™π° ‡¥Á®¡“∑√ßß“π∑’Ë‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2472 À≈—ß®“°∑√ß”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“®“°§≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Œ“√å«“√奄πÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ¥â«¬æ√–Õß§å‰¡à“¡“√∂‡ªìπ·æ∑¬åª√–®”∫â“π„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‡π◊ËÕߥ⫬∞“π—π¥√»—°¥‘Ï ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ§√—Èß∑’ˇ¥Á®‡¬◊Õπ‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§°àÕπÀπâ“π’È∑√ßπæ√–∑—¬ß“π¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§∑’Ë¥”‡π‘π°“√¥â“π‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬ «—≥‚√§·≈–»—≈¬°√√¡ æ√–Õߧå®÷ß∑√ßµ—¥‘πæ√–∑—¬¡“∑√ßß“π·≈–»÷°…“∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à°—∫¡‘™™—ππ“√’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π·≈– ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‚√ß欓∫“≈ §◊Õ𓬷æ∑¬å ‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ´’. §Õ√å∑ º≈ß“π¢Õßæ√–∫√¡-√“™™π°¡’·¥ß„πÀâÕßπ‘∑√√»°“√¢π“¥‡≈Á°¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈ ªí®®ÿ∫—π‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§‡ªìπ‚√ß欓∫“≈√—°…“‚√§∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬„Àâ∫√‘°“√ª√–™“™πªï≈–‡°◊Õ∫ 60,000 §π McCormick Hospital, photographed around 1925
‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ‡¡◊ËÕª√–¡“≥ªï 2468
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 26
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 27
working at the hospital as early as 1925 when he
discussed the matter with Dr. Cort while presiding
over a ceremony there.
Treatment For Lepers Early American missionaries in northern
Thailand such as Dr. McKean often filled many roles
at once. In addition to his work at the American
Mission Hospital, Dr. McKean founded Southeast
Asia’s first leprosy sanatorium in Chiang Mai. He
was inspired to begin this effort when lepers,
hearing rumors of modern medical treatment,
Prince Mahidol at the opening of the Chiang Mai dispensary on Jan. 14, 1925, a day after he presided at the opening ceremony of McCormick Hospital on Jan. 13.
¡‡¥Á®‡®â“øÑ“œ °√¡¢ÿπߢ≈“-π§√‘π∑√‡¥Á®‡ªî¥ÿ¢“¿‘∫“≈·≈–‚Õ∂¿“ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 14 ¡°√“§¡ 2468 (1925) Àπ÷Ëß«—πÀ≈—ß®“°‡¥Á®‡ªî¥‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 13 ¡°√“§¡ 2468
McKean Rehabilitation Center and Hospital The Chiangmai Leper Asylum, founded by Dr. James
McKean in 1908, was the first center in Thailand for
leprosy sufferers.
Shunned by society, people afflicted with leprosy
began coming as early as 1892 to the American Mission
Hospital, where they received treatment from Dr. McKean.
In 1906, Prince Intawarorot gave Dr. McKean 160 acres
on an island in the Ping River that had been abandoned
for many years as the home of a rogue elephant and,
later, his evil spirit. In 1908, seven leprosy victims and two
children moved to the deserted island, which was then
accessible only by boat. By the time the leprosarium was
officially opened on June 11, 1913, it held 100 resident
patients.
The Leper Asylum developed as a unique
commune, supported by the American Presbyterian
Mission, the American Mission to Lepers, other foreign
benefactors, and an annual stipend of 9,000 baht from
the Thai government. During the 1920s, schools were
built, patients began to carry out much of the work
of the asylum, and a system of self-government was
established. HM King Rama VII visited in 1927, later
honoring Dr. McKean with the Order of the White Elephant
and the Order of the Crown of Siam. By the time of
Dr. McKean’s retirement in 1931, the center had 143
buildings, including the Hays Memorial Clinic, a church,
a recreation center, a school, a sewing factory, and a tool
and furniture factory.
In 1948 the Chiang Mai Leper Asylum was renamed
the McKean Leper Home. As cures for leprosy became
available, the facility revamped and expanded its mission.
Today the 100-year-old McKean Rehabilitation Center
and Hospital works with Thai citizens facing a variety
of diseases and disabilities, offering rehabilitation,
prosthetics, occupational therapy and other services in
the former leper colony.
Collaboration in Medicine
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 26
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 27
∂“∫—π·¡§·§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈ π‘§¡ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ‡™’¬ß„À¡à °àÕµ—Èß‚¥¬π“¬·æ∑¬å ‡®¡å ·¡§‡§π ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2451 ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ·Ààß·√°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ ÈÕπ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë√—߇°’¬®¢Õߗߧ¡‡√‘Ë¡‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“√—∫°“√√—°…“欓∫“≈®“°π“¬·æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π∑’Ë‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπµ—Èß·µàªï æ.». 2435 ‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ߪï æ.». 2449 ‡®â“Õ‘π∑«‚√√∑√ß∫√‘®“§∑’Ë¥‘π¢π“¥ 400 ‰√à·°à𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π ∑’Ë¥‘πº◊ππ’ÈÕ¬Ÿà∫π‡°“–°≈“ß·¡àπÈ”ªîß·≈–∂Ÿ°∑‘Èß√â“ß¡“À≈“¬ªï ·≈–‡ªìπ∑’Ë°—°¢—ß™â“ߥÿ√⓬‡™◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß ·≈–µàÕ¡“‡ªìπ∑’Ë‘ß∂‘µ¢Õß«‘≠≠“≥√⓬¢Õß™â“߇™◊Õ°π’È µàÕ¡“„πªï æ.». 2451 ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ 7 §π·≈–‡¥Á° 2 §π¬â“¬‰ªÕ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ°“–π’È ´÷Ëß„π¢≥–π—Èπ‡¥‘π∑“߉¥â∑“ßπÈ”«‘∏’‡¥’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕπ‘§¡ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ‡ªî¥Õ¬à“߇ªìπ∑“ß°“√‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 11 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π æ.». 2456 °Á¡’ºŸâªÉ«¬æ—°√—°…“µ—«Õ¬Ÿà 100 §π·≈â« π‘§¡ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ‰¥âæ—≤𓇪ìπ™ÿ¡™π∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡©æ“– ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°§√‘µ®—°√‡æ√‰∫∑’‡√’¬πÀ√—∞œ ·≈– American Mission to Lepers √«¡∑—Èß¡’Õÿª°“√–§ÿ≥™“«µà“ß™“µ‘·≈–‡ß‘π™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬ªï≈– 9,000 ∫“∑ „π™à«ß§√‘µå∑»«√√… 1920 (æ.». 2463-2473) ¡’°“√√â“ß‚√߇√’¬π ºŸâªÉ«¬‡√‘Ë¡√—∫¿“√–ß“π¢Õß∂“∫—π¡“°¢÷Èπ·≈–¡’°“√µ—Èß√–∫∫ª°§√Õßµπ‡Õߢ÷Èπ¡“ æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–ª°‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë 7 ‡¥Á®æ√–√“™¥”‡π‘π‡¬’Ë¬¡∂“∫—π„πªï æ.». 2470 ·≈–¿“¬À≈—߉¥âæ√–√“™∑“π‡§√◊ËÕß√“™
Õ‘√‘¬“¿√≥å™â“߇º◊Õ°·≈–‡§√◊ ËÕß√“™Õ‘√‘¬“¿√≥å¡ß°ÿƉ∑¬·°à 𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π ‡¡◊ËÕ𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π‡°…’¬≥Õ“¬ÿ„πªï æ.». 2474 ∂“∫—π¡’Õ“§“√ 143 À≈—ß ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ߧ≈’𑧠Hays Memorial ‚∫∂å »Ÿπ¬å—π∑π“°“√ ‚√߇√’¬π ‚√ßß“π‡¬Á∫ºâ“ ‚√ßß“π‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–‡§√◊ËÕ߇√◊Õπ „πªï æ.». 2491 π‘§¡ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ‡™’¬ß„À¡à‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ‡ªìπ∂“∫—π߇§√“–À废âªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ·¡§·§π ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’«‘∏’√—°…“‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ„ÀâÀ“¬‰¥â ∂“∫—πœ °Á∑”°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–¢¬“¬¢Õ∫‡¢µ¿“√°‘®ÕÕ°‰ª ªí®®ÿ∫—π∂“∫—π·¡§·§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ‰¥â 100 ªï·≈â« ·≈–∑”ß“π√à«¡°—∫§π‰∑¬„π°“√µàÕŸâ‚√§¿—¬·≈–§«“¡æ‘°“√µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬„Àâ∫√‘°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ ∫√‘°“√Õ«—¬«–‡∑’¬¡ °“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬¥â«¬°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡∑“ߗߧ¡À√◊ÕΩñ°Õ“™’æ œ≈œ „πÕ¥’µπ‘§¡‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ·Ààßπ’È
Church at McKean Rehabilitation Center and Hospital
‚∫∂å∑’Ë∂“∫—π·¡§·§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈
Memorial to Dr. James McKean
Õπÿ√≥å𓬷æ∑¬å ‡®¡å ·¡§‡§π
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 28
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 29
began to gather in front of the
American Mission Hospital.
Dr. McKean secured funding
from the American Leprosy
Mission and the Presbyterian
Church USA; Chiang Mai
Prince Intawarorot granted
McKean 160 acres of land for
the sanatorium in which the
disabled could live together
in one self-contained com-
munity. Lepers from all over
the country flocked to the
McKean Center, most of
them walking or traveling
at night in order to hide
their disfigurement from the
public.
As the center made headway in eliminating
leprosy in Thailand, the facility expanded its
mission to all forms of disabilities and now offers
rehabilitation services to accident victims, as well
as those with polio, paralysis, victims of stroke and
the aging. Today the McKean Rehabilitation Center
is recognized throughout the world, attracting
staff, doctors and volunteers from the U.S. as
well as other countries.
Medical Education From the beginning of their involvement
in northern Thailand, the American medical
missionaries aspired to build medical schools.
Dr. Cort’s efforts in 1916 to open such a school in
Chiang Mai with four Thai medical students in a
building at Prince Royal’s College became instead
a nursing school, founded in 1923 by Dr. Cort
with the financial help of Mrs. Cyrus McCormick.
This institution was the first nursing school outside
Bangkok and only the third in the nation.
Graduating its first class in 1926, McCormick
Nursing School expanded rapidly and gained
a reputation as one of the most prestigious
nursing schools in the region. The support of
Chiang Mai’s princely family again helped, as the
granddaughter of Prince Chao Kaew Nawarat,
Princess Wongchan Na Chiengmai, attended the
school and later used her skills to care for Princess
Dararasami, consort of King Chulalongkorn, and
her aging grandfather.
Today, most U.S.medical involvement in
northern Thailand is research related, including
the work of the Research Institute for Health
Sciences (RIHES) at Chiang Mai University and
the U.S. government’s Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) and Armed Forces Research Institute for
Medical Sciences (AFRIMS).
Dr. James W. McKean established both McCormick Hospital and the Chiang Mai Leper Asylum and produced smallpox vaccine for hospitals throughout the country.
𓬷æ∑¬å‡®¡å ·¡§·§π °àÕµ—Èß∑—Èß‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§·≈–π‘§¡ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–º≈‘µ«—§´’πΩ肋…„Àâ‚√ß欓∫“≈∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»
Collaboration in Medicine
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 28
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 29
‚√ß欓∫“≈ „πªï æ.». 2472 À≈—ß∑√ß”‡√Á®°“√»÷°…“«‘™“·æ∑¬å∑’ Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Œ“√å«“√å¥ ·≈–∂“∫—π ‡ÕÁ¡‰Õ∑’ æ√–Õߧå∑√ß·¥ß§«“¡πæ√–∑—¬∑’ Ë®– ∑√ßß“π„π‚√ß欓∫“≈¡“µ—Èß·µàªï æ.». 2468 (1925) ‡¡◊ ËÕæ√–Õߧå∑√߇¥Á®¡“‡ªìπÕߧåª√–∏“π„πæ‘∏’∑’ Ë ‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·≈–‰¥â∑√ß·®âß„Àâ𓬷æ∑¬å§Õ√å∑ ∑√“∫∂÷ߧ«“¡πæ√–∑—¬¢Õßæ√–Õß§å °“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ ¡‘™™—ππ“√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π√ÿàπ·√°∑’ˇ¥‘π∑“ß¡“¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ Õ“∑‘ 𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π¡—°¡’∫∑∫“∑ À≈“¬Õ¬à“ß„π‡«≈“‡¥ ’¬«° —π πÕ°®“°∑”ß“π∑’ Ë ‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ·≈â« π“¬·æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π¬—ß°àÕµ—Èßπ‘§¡·≈–∂“π欓∫“≈ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ¢÷Èπ ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡àÀ≈—ß®“°∑’˺ŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ´÷Ë߉¥â¬‘π¢à“«≈◊Õ‡°’ ˬ«°—∫«‘∏ ’°“√√—°…“‚√§·∫∫¡—¬„À¡àæ“°—π¡“™ÿ¡πÿ¡°—πÀπâ“‚√ß欓∫“≈Õ‡¡√‘°—π¡‘™™—Ëπ 𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§‡§π¢Õ∑ÿπ°àÕ√â“ßπ‘§¡·≈–∂“π欓∫“≈®“° American Leprosy Mission ·≈–§√‘µ®—°√‡æ√ ‰∫∑’‡√’¬π πÕ°®“°π’È ‡®â“Õ‘π∑«‚√√¬—ß∑√ß∫√‘®“§∑’Ë¥‘π¢π“¥ 400 ‰√à ‡æ◊ËÕ„™âª≈Ÿ°√â“ß∂“π∑’Ë”À√—∫ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ ÈÕπ®–‰¥âÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà√à«¡°—π À≈—ß®“°π—ÈπºŸâªÉ«¬ ‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπ®“°∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰¥âæ“°—π‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å·¡§‡§π ‚¥¬à«π„À≠à‡¥‘π∑“ß¡“¥â«¬‡∑â“ ·≈–®–‡¥‘π∑“߇©æ“–‡«≈“°≈“ߧ◊π‡æ◊ËÕ∑’ Ë§π®–‰¥â‰¡à‡ÀÁ𧫓¡æ‘°≈æ‘°“√¢Õßæ«°‡¢“ ‡¡◊ ËÕ»Ÿπ¬åºŸ âªÉ«¬‚√§‡√◊ ÈÕπ·Ààßπ’ Ȫ√–∫§«“¡ §◊∫Àπâ“„π°“√°”®—¥‚√§‡√◊ÈÕπÕÕ°‰ª®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ »Ÿπ¬åœ °Á‰¥â¢¬“¬ß“πÕÕ°‰ª§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡°“√√—°…“ºŸâ
æ‘°“√Õ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π »Ÿπ¬åœ „Àâ°“√∫”∫—¥øóôπøŸºŸâª√–∫Õÿ∫—µ‘‡Àµÿ ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‚ª≈‘‚Õ Õ—¡æ“µ ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡âπ‡≈◊Õ¥„π¡Õß·µ° ·≈–ºŸâŸßÕ“¬ÿ ªí®®ÿ∫—π∂“∫—π·¡§‡§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ·≈–‚√ß欓∫“≈‰¥â√—∫°“√¬Õ¡√—∫®“°∑—Ë«‚≈° ·≈–¡’‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë ·æ∑¬å ·≈–Õ““¡—§√®“°À√—∞œ ·≈–ª√–‡∑»Õ◊ ËπÊ π„® ¡“∑”ß“π∑’Ëπ’Ë °“√»÷°…“«‘™“·æ∑¬å ®“°®ÿ¥‡√ ‘ Ë¡µ âπ¢Õß°“√‡¢ â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑„π ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¡‘™™—ππ“√’Õ‡¡√ ‘° —π∑’ Ë ‡ª ìπ·æ∑¬å° Áµ — Èß §«“¡À«—ß∑’Ë®–√â“ß‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å¢÷È𠧫“¡æ¬“¬“¡¢Õß𓬷æ∑¬å§Õ√å∑ „πªï æ.». 2459 ∑’ Ë®–‡ªî¥‚√߇√’¬π·æ∑¬å¢÷Èπ∑’ËÕ“§“√À≈—ßÀπ÷Ëß„π‚√߇√’¬πª√‘πå
Dr. Edwin C. Cort providing medical services in the field
𓬷æ∑¬å‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ´’ §Õ√å∑·≈–∑’¡‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ÕÕ°µ√«®√—°…“§π‰¢â„π™π∫∑
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 30
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 31
The Research Institute for Health Sciences is
the outgrowth of a project that began forty years
ago when St. Louis University and the National
Institutes of Health funded the Malnutrition
and Anemia Center (MALAN) in Chiang Mai,
focused on child health research. Chiang Mai
University’s Faculty of Medicine, founded with U.S.
government support, worked closely with MALAN
in these developmental years. In 1978, the center,
renamed RIHES, became a free-standing research
institute partnered with the university.
Since 1992, the Johns Hopkins University
HIV/AIDS Research Program funded by the National
Institutes of Health and U.S. Public Health Service
has conducted research in Chiang Mai on safe
and effective treatments and prevention strategies
against HIV/AIDS. RIHES currently researches
methamphetamine users and their peer drug
and sexual networks to determine the feasibility
of community-based Voluntary Counseling and
Testing in rural Chiang Mai Province. Additionally,
RIHES trains Thai researchers in epidemiology,
data and laboratory management, virology,
behavioral science, research ethics, and clinical
trials.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control opened
a field station at Chiang Rai in 1991 for research
on HIV/AIDS, which was spreading rapidly in the
region. As a successful national campaign raised
awareness and slowed the spread of HIV/AIDS,
the CDC research broadened its focus to include
diseases such as of chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes
and tuberculosis. After 16 years of productive
collaboration, CDC planned to conclude these
activities by the end of 2007.
Agnes Louise Barland, co-founder of McCormick Nursing School and Head Nurse of McCormick Hospital
·ÕÁ°‡π À≈ÿ¬å ∫“√å·≈π¥å ºŸâ√à«¡°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ·≈–À—«Àπâ“°“√欓∫“≈‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§
Collaboration in Medicine
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 30
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 31
√Õ¬·¬≈å«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ´÷Ëß¡’π—°»÷°…“·æ∑¬åÕ¬Ÿà’Ë§π ‰¥â‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ°“√°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈¢÷Èπ·∑π „πªï æ.». 2466 𓬷æ∑¬å§Õ√å∑‰¥â°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈¢÷Èπ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ®“°π“߉´√— ·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ ∂“∫—π·Ààßπ’ȇªìπ‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈·Ààß·√°∑’˵—ÈßÕ¬ŸàπÕ°°√ÿ߇∑æœ ·≈–‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈·Ààß∑’Ë“¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§º≈‘µ∫—≥±‘µ√ÿàπ·√°ÕÕ°¡“„πªï æ.». 2469 ∂“∫—π·Ààßπ’ȉ¥â‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈–‰¥â™◊ËÕ«à“‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ß∑’Ëÿ¥·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°‡®â“π“¬ΩÉ“¬‡Àπ◊Õ À≈“π“«¢Õ߇®â“·°â«π«√—∞ §◊Õ‡®â“«ß»å®—π∑√å ≥ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‰¥â√—∫°“√»÷°…“∑’Ëπ’Ë ·≈–µàÕ¡“„™â§«“¡√Ÿâ∑’ ˇ√’¬π¡“„π°“√∂«“¬°“√¥Ÿ·≈æ√–√“™™“¬“‡®â“¥“√“√—»¡’ „πæ√–∫“∑-¡‡¥Á®æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«·≈–‡®â“ªŸÉ„π¬“¡ªÉ«¬·≈–™√“¿“æ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ∫∑∫“∑∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬à«π„À≠à®–‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“ √«¡∑—Èßß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“»“µ√åÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (Centers for Disease Control › CDC) ·≈–∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“»“µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å∑À“√∫° (Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences › AFRIMS) ∂“∫—π« ‘® —¬« ‘∑¬“»“µ√ å ÿ¢¿“懪ìπ°“√ ¢¬“¬º≈®“°‚§√ß°“√´÷ Ë߇√‘ Ë¡¢÷ Èπ‡¡◊ ËÕ 40 ªï∑’ Ë·≈â« ‡¡◊ ËÕ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡´ÁπµåÀ≈ÿ¬å·≈–∂“∫—πÿ¢¿“æ ·Ààß™“µ‘¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (National Institutes of Health)
‰¥ â¡Õ∫∑ ÿπ„π°“√° àÕµ — È ß»Ÿπ¬å«‘® —¬‚≈À‘µ«‘∑¬“·≈– ∑ÿ‚¿™π“°“√ (Malnutrition and Anemia Center - MALAN) ¢÷Èπ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à ‚¥¬‡πâπ°“√«‘® —¬‡°’ ˬ«°—∫ÿ¢¿“懥Á° §≥–·æ∑¬»“µ√å ¡À“-«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ´÷Ëß°àÕµ—Èߢ÷Èπ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ∑”ß“π„°≈♑¥°—∫»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬‚≈À‘µ«‘∑¬“·≈–∑ÿ‚¿™π“°“√µ≈Õ¥™à«ß‡«≈“∑’˺à“π¡“ „πªï æ.». 2521 »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬‚≈À‘µ«‘∑¬“·≈–∑ÿ‚¿™π“°“√ ´÷Ë߇ª≈’ˬπ™◊ ËÕ‡ªìπ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“-»“µ√åÿ¢¿“æ ‰¥â°≈“¬¿“懪ìπ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬Õ‘√– ·µà∑”ß“π√à«¡°—∫¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à π—∫µ—Èß·µàªï æ.». 2535 ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬‡™◊ ÈÕ‡ÕÁ™‰Õ«’·≈–‚√§‡Õ¥å¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬®ÕÀåπå ŒÕª°‘πå∑’ ˉ¥â√—∫‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ®“°∂“∫—πÿ¢¿“æ ·Ààß™“µ‘¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ·≈–”π—°ß“π“∏“√≥ÿ¢À√—∞œ ‰¥â∑”°“√«‘®—¬∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à‡°’ˬ«°—∫«‘∏’°“√√—°…“ºŸâµ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÕÁ™‰Õ«’·≈–‚√§‡Õ¥åÕ¬à“ߪ≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈–¡’ª√–‘∑∏‘¿“æ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ „π¢≥–π’È∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“»“µ√åÿ¢¿“æ°”≈—ߧâπ§«â“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâµ‘¥¬“∫â“ ·≈–‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ºŸâµ‘¥¬“·≈–¡’‡æ»—¡æ—π∏å¿“¬„π°≈ÿà¡ ∑—Èßπ’ȇæ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“
Dr. E.C. Cort and Miss Barland, founders of McCormick Nursing School, with Chao Wongchan Na Chiengmai (center in the third row from the bottom), Mrs. Cort and other nurses.
𓬷æ∑¬å§Õ√å∑ ·≈–¡‘∫“√å·≈π¥å ºŸ â√à«¡°àÕµ—Èß‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ °—∫‡®â“«ß»å®—π∑√å ≥ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à (¬◊π°≈“ß·∂«∑’Ë“¡®“°≈à“ß) ¡‘´‘§Õ√å∑ ·≈–∫ÿ§≈“°√°“√欓∫“≈
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 32
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 33
then continue today, building on a valuable legacy
in a wide variety of teaching and research projects
to focus on jointly combating worldwide health
threats.
Beginning 140 years ago, U.S. medical
pioneers laid the groundwork for the first clinics,
hospitals and nursing education in northern
Thailand. The Thai-U.S. partnerships established
Representatives of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health talk with HRH Princess Sirindhorn at a Consulate reception in Jan. 2003. The Princess joined the Hopkins group earlier that day in visiting collaborative research projects underway with the Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES) of Chiang Mai University
ºŸâ·∑π§≥–“∏“√≥ÿ¢»“µ√å∫≈Ÿ¡‡∫Õ√å° ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬®ÕÀåπå ŒÕª°‘πå √—∫‡¥Á®¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡∑æ√—µπ√“™ÿ¥“œ ≥ ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÀ√—∞œ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à ‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ æ.». 2546 ¿“¬À≈—߇¥Á®æ√âÕ¡§≥–ºŸâ·∑π¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬®ÕÀåπå ŒÕª°‘π剪‡¬’ˬ¡™¡‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬√à«¡°—π ∑’Ë∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“»“µ√åÿ¢¿“æ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à
Collaboration in Medicine
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 32
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 33
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) helped fund the Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinic in Chiang Rai, shown here at the Jan. 24, 1994 opening with Provincial Chief Medical Officer Supachai Saisorn, Gov. Kamron Booncherd, Amb. David Lambertson (1991-95), HIV/AIDS Collaboration Director Dr. T imothy Mastro and Chiang Rai Hospital Director Dr. Renu Srismit. The HIV/AIDS Collaboration later became the Thailand MOPH-U.S. CDC Collaboration (TUC)
æ‘∏’‡ªî¥§≈‘𑧰“¡‚√§ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ ÷Ëß»Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ π—∫πÿπ∑“ß°“√‡ß‘π ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 24 ¡°√“§¡ 2537 (®“°´â“¬) 𓬷æ∑¬å“∏“√≥ÿ¢®—ßÀ«—¥ π.æ. »ÿ¿™—¬ “¬»√ ºŸâ«à“√“™°“√®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ 𓬧”√≥ ∫ÿ≠‡™‘¥ ‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ ‡¥«‘∑ ‡Õø ·≈¡‡∫√‘µ—π (2534-38) ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√»Ÿπ¬å§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°“√«‘®—¬‚√§‡Õ¥å π.æ. ∑‘¡‚¡∏’ ¥’ ·¡‚∑√ ·≈– ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√‚√ß欓∫“≈®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ æ.≠. ‡√≥Ÿ »√’¡‘µ ªí®®ÿ∫—π§◊Õ»Ÿπ¬å§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ‰∑¬-À√—∞œ ¥â“π“∏“√≥ÿ¢
§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â„π°“√°àÕµ—Èß»Ÿπ¬å„À⧔ª√÷°…“·≈–µ√«®À“‡™◊ ÈÕ¢÷ Èπ„π™ÿ¡™π„π‡¢µ™π∫∑¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à πÕ°®“°π’È ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬«‘∑¬“»“µ√åÿ¢¿“欗ߙ૬ Ωñ°Õ∫√¡π—°«‘®—¬™“«‰∑¬„π“¢“√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈–ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ‰«√—«‘∑¬“ 惵‘°√√¡»“µ√å ®√‘¬∏√√¡„π°“√«‘®—¬ ·≈–°“√ ∑¥≈Õß∑“ߧ≈‘𑧠»Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ‡ªî¥”π—°ß“π ¿“§π“¡∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬„πªï æ.». 2534 ‚¥¬ ¡ÿà߇πâπ∑’Ë°“√«‘®—¬‡™◊ÈÕ‡ÕÁ™‰Õ«’·≈–‚√§‡Õ¥å ´÷Ëß°”≈—ß ·æ√à√–∫“¥Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ „π¢≥–∑’Ë°“√√≥√ߧå∑— Ë«ª√–‡∑»ª√–∫§«“¡”‡√Á®„π°“√‡æ‘ Ë¡®‘µ”π÷°¢Õߪ√–™“™π·≈–™–≈Õ°“√·æ√à√–∫“¥¢Õß
‚√§ »Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ °Á‰¥â¢¬“¬¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√«‘®—¬„Àâ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡‚√§Õ◊ËπÊ ¥â«¬‡™àπ ‚√§ÀπÕß„π ‡√‘¡ ·≈–«—≥‚√§ À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√–‘∑∏‘º≈‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 16 ªï »Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ¡’·ºπ®–ªî¥°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ¿“¬„πªï 2550 π—∫‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 140 ªï·≈â« ∑’˺Ÿâ∫ÿ°‡∫‘°∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π‰¥âªŸæ◊ Èπ∞“π”À√—∫°“√°àÕµ— Èߧ≈‘𑧠‚√ß欓∫“≈ ·≈–‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈·Ààß·√°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å√–À«à“߉∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ µ°∑Õ¥µàÕ¡“®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π„π√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß‚§√ß°“√„Àâ°“√»÷°…“·≈–‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“ ‚¥¬¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ√à«¡¡◊Õ°—πµàÕŸâ°—∫¿—¬§ÿ°§“¡∑“ßÿ¢¿“æ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π‚≈°
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 34
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 35
Partnerships in Sustainable Development
In partnership with the Royal Thai
Government and the United Nations, the U.S.
has been instrumental in Thailand’s successful
efforts to eliminate opium and develop sustainable
agriculture in the northern region. The U.S.
Department of Agriculture, the Department of
State, U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) and the Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA) have all been part of this effort.
In addition to U.S. government programs,
U.S. academics, researchers, missionaries and
business people contributed to rural development
initiatives that led to Thailand being recognized
as a world model in the area of crop substitution
and drug reduction. U.S. foundations such as
Ford and Rockefeller supported training and
research in agricultural areas, initiating programs
which continue to this day; the Ford Foundation’s
work in agriculture and social sciences include the
Multiple Cropping Project and the Regional Center
for Social Science and Sustainable Development
at Chiang Mai University.
The Thai government outlawed the
production of opium in 1959, a first step in the
effort to eliminate the infamous narcotics trade
of the Golden Triangle by introducing new crops
and agricultural techniques to hill tribes and other
northern farmers. HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej
expressed his concern in 1969 about the well-
Partnerships in Sustainable Development
The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture’ s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) collaborated with the Thai government from 1973-1986 on alternative crops to opium poppies. This Oct. 1977 photo shows Maejo College President Vipata Wangsai, ARS head Dr. Donald W. Fisher and HSH Prince Bhisatej Rajani, Chairman of the Royal Project Foundation
ß“π«‘®—¬‡°…µ√ °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ √à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2516-2529 „π°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑πΩîòπ ¿“æ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ 2520 (®“°´â“¬) Õ“®“√¬å «‘¿“µ ∫ÿ≠»√’ «—ߴ⓬ Õ∏‘°“√∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√‡°…µ√·¡à‚®â ¥√. ‚¥π—≈¥å ¥—∫∫≈‘«. ø™Õ√å À—«Àπâ“ΩÉ“¬ß“π«‘®—¬‡°…µ√ °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ À¡àÕ¡‡®â“¿’»‡¥™ √—™π’ Õߧåª√–∏“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 34
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 35
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ „π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ¿“¬„µâ§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬·≈–Àª√–™“™“µ‘¡’∫∑∫“∑”§—≠„𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π°“√‡≈‘°ª≈Ÿ°Ωî òπ·≈–æ—≤π“·π«∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√·∫∫¬—Ë߬◊π¢÷Èπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ´÷Ëߧ«“¡æ¬“¬“¡¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥âª√–∫º≈”‡√Á®Õ¬à“ߥ’ °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈–°√–∑√«ß°“√µà“ߪ√–‡∑»À√—∞œ Õߧ尓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑» (U.S. Agency for International Development › USAID) ·≈–”π—°ß“πª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (Drug Enforcement Agency › DEA) ≈â«π‡ªìπà«πÀπ÷ËߢÕߧ«“¡æ¬“¬“¡¥—ß°≈à“« πÕ°®“°‚§√ß°“√¢Õß√ —∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ·≈â« π—°«‘™“°“√ π—°«‘®—¬ ¡‘™™—ππ“√’ ·≈–π—°∏ÿ√°‘®¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ °Á¡’à«π™à«¬„π‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“™π∫∑¢Õ߉∑¬ ´÷ Ëß∑”„Àâ‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°¬àÕß„À⇪ìπ·∫∫Õ¬à“ß√–¥—∫‚≈°„π°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑π·≈–°“√≈¥°“√„™â¬“‡æµ‘¥ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ‡™àπ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘øÕ√奷≈–¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘√Õ°°’ȇø≈‡≈Õ√å ‰¥â„Àâ°“√π—∫πÿπ°“√Õ∫√¡·≈–°“√§âπ§«â“∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¥”‡π‘πß“π¡“®π∂÷ß∑ÿ°«—ππ’È º≈ß“π¥â“π°“√‡°…µ√·≈–—ߧ¡»“µ√å¢Õß¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘øÕ√奡’Õ“∑‘ ‚§√ß°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§¥â“π—ߧ¡»“µ√å·≈–°“√æ—≤π“·∫∫¬—Ë߬◊π¢Õß ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à
„πªï æ.». 2502 √—∞∫“≈‰∑¬ª√–°“»„Àâ°“√ º≈‘µΩîòπ‡ªìπ°“√°√–∑”∑’˺‘¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ π—∫‡ªì𧫓¡æ¬“¬“¡°â“«·√°„π°“√°”®—¥°“√§â“¬“‡æµ‘¥ Õ—π‡≈◊ËÕß™◊ËÕ„π∫√‘‡«≥“¡‡À≈’ˬ¡∑Õߧ”¥â«¬°“√π”æ◊™™π‘¥„À¡à·≈–‡∑§π‘§∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√·∫∫„À¡à¡“·π–π”·°à™“«‡¢“·≈–‡°…µ√°√∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ „πªï æ.». 2512 æ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«¿Ÿ¡‘æ≈Õ¥ÿ≈¬‡¥™ ∑√ß·¥ß§«“¡Àà«ß„¬„𧫓¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà¢Õß™“«‡¢“„π
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
Amb. Ralph Boyce visited the Royal Project Development Center in Nong Hoi, Chiang Mai province, with Director Pornthip Polperm on Feb. 8, 2007.
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑ŸµÀ√—∞œ √“≈åø ∫Õ¬´å ‡¬’ˬ¡™¡»Ÿπ¬åæ—≤𓂧√ß°“√À≈«ß ÀπÕßÀÕ¬ ·≈–§ÿ≥æ√∑‘æ¬å º≈‡æ‘Ë¡ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√ ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 8 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2550
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 36
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 37
being of hilltribes in northern
Thailand and their use of
opium as a threat to Thailand’s
standard of living and security.
His Majesty subsequently
directed efforts to finding
suitable replacement crops
for opium, and in 1972 the
UN partnered with the King’s
initial alternative development
project.
The following year, 1973,
marked the beginning of
major U.S. counter-narcotics
programs, ranging from crop
substitution to law enforcement.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) began
funding agricultural research on potential poppy
replacement crops while, in the same year, DEA
opened its Chiang Mai office and the Embassy’s
Narcotics Affairs Section (NAS) launched efforts
in interdiction, law enforcement, crop substitution,
opium eradication and demand reduction.
Many USDA funded projects were carried
out at the Ang Khang Research and Development
Station, established in 1974 by the Royal Highland
Agriculture Development Project, and now part of
the Royal Project Foundation. In coordination with
Kasetsart University and Chiang Mai University,
USDA sought marketable crops capable of growing
in the highlands. Peaches and other deciduous
fruits were the first successful products.
In 1976, USDA began funding an agricultural
extension program in northern Thailand that
developed and cultivated a range of crops
at five sites. USDA’s Agricultural Research
Service financed and coordinated the cultivation
of mushrooms, potatoes, chrysanthemum
tea, carnations, coffee, herbs and spices and
macadamia nuts as well as the raising of sheep.
Many of the fruits, flowers and vegetables first
introduced to the north through these programs
are now marketed under the Doi Kham brand of
Consul Mack Tanner at the Highland Research and Training Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University in the mid-1970s
°ßÿ≈¡Õ√‘ ‡ÕÁ¡ ·∑π‡πÕ√å ∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡∑’ËŸß §≥–‡°…µ√»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à °≈“ß∑»«√√… 1970
Partnerships in Sustainable Development
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 36
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 37
¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ æ√–Õߧå∑√ßÀà«ß«à“°“√∑’Ë™“«‡¢“µ‘¥Ωîòπ®–∑”„À⇪ìπ¿—¬§ÿ°§“¡µàÕ¡“µ√∞“𧫓¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà·≈–§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ µàÕ¡“æ√–Õߧå∑√߇ªìπºŸâπ”„π°“√À“æ◊™¡“ª≈Ÿ°∑¥·∑πΩîòπ ·≈–„πªï æ.». 2515 Àª√–™“™“µ‘°Á‰¥â√à«¡‚§√ß°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑π´÷Ëßæ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«∑√ß√‘‡√‘Ë¡‰«â „πªïµàÕ¡“§◊Õ æ.». 2516 π—∫‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß‚§√ß°“√ª√“∫ª√“∫¬“‡æµ‘¥”§—≠Ê ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ π—∫µ—Èß·µà°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑π‰ª®π∂÷ß°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ ‡√‘Ë¡„Àâ‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√‡æ◊ËÕÀ“æ◊™∑’ Ë“¡“√∂π”¡“ª≈Ÿ°·∑πΩîòπ „πªï‡¥’¬«°—ππ—Èπ‡Õß ”π—°ß“πª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (Drug Enforcement Administration › DEA) °Á‡ªî¥”π—°ß“π¢÷Èπ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–”π—°ß“πß∫ª√–¡“≥§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕªÑÕß°—π·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ (Narcotics Affairs Section › NAS) ¢Õß∂“π∑ŸµÀ√—∞œ °Á‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡‚§√ß°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√°—¥°—Èπ·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ °“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑π °“√°”®—¥°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωîòπ ·≈–°“√≈¥Õÿªß§å¬“‡æµ‘¥ ‚§√ß°“√À≈“¬‚§√ß°“√¢Õß°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„µâ°“√¥”‡π‘πß“π¢Õß∂“π’«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“¥Õ¬Õà“ߢ“ß ´÷Ëß°àÕµ—Èߢ÷Èπ„πªï æ.». 2517 ‚¥¬‚§√ß°“√æ—≤𓇰…µ√∑’ËŸß ´÷Ëß„π¢≥–π’ȇªìπà«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œª√–“πß“π°—∫¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“µ√å·≈–¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à „π°“√À“æ◊™∑’˵≈“¥µâÕß°“√·≈–“¡“√∂ª≈Ÿ°∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“‰¥âÀπ÷Ëß„πº≈‘µº≈√ÿàπ·√°Ê ∑’˪√–∫§«“¡”‡√Á®‰¥â·°à ≈Ÿ°∑âÕ·≈–º≈‰¡âª√–‡¿∑ ∑’ËÕÕ°º≈µ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈
„πªï æ.». 2519 °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ ‡√‘Ë¡„Àâ‡ß ‘ππ—∫πÿπ‚§√ß°“√à߇√‘¡¥â“π°“√‡°…µ√„π ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ´÷Ëߙ૬æ—≤π“æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™·≈–π”¡“‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°„π·ª≈ß«‘®—¬¢Õß∂“π’∑¥≈Õß 5 ‚§√ß°“√ ”π—°ß“π«‘®—¬∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√¢Õß°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ „Àâ‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ·≈–√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ¡—πΩ√— Ëß ‡°Á°Œ«¬ ™“ §“√å‡π™— Ëπ °“·ø ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ‡§√◊ ËÕ߇∑» ∂— Ë« ·¡§§“‡¥‡¡’¬ ·≈–°“√‡≈’ Ȭ߷°– ¡’°“√π”º≈‰¡â ¥Õ°‰¡â ·≈–º—°∑’˪≈Ÿ°¿“¬„µâ‚§√ß°“√π’ȇ¢â“Ÿàµ≈“¥¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ°àÕπ ªí®®ÿ∫—π®”Àπà“¬∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»¿“¬„µâ™◊ËÕ¥Õ¬§”¢Õß¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß √–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2516 - 2529 °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ „™âß∫ª√–¡“≥°«à“ 6 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ „π
The Thai and U.S. governments cooperated to broadcast radio programs in tribal languages starting in 1968. U.S. assistance included a powerful 100 kilowatt transmitter and five Jeeps.
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ß√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬·≈–À√—∞œ „π°“√°√–®“¬‡’¬ß√“¬°“√«‘∑¬ÿ¿“…“™π‡ºà“µ—Èß·µà æ.». 2511 √—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ ¡Õ∫‡§√◊ËÕßàß°”≈—ß 100 °‘‚≈«—µµå ·≈–√∂®‘ͪ 5 §—π
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 38
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 39
the Royal Project Foundation and sold throughout
the country.
From 1973-1986, USDA spent over $6
million on alternative development programs;
during that same period and continuing into
today, other U.S. government agencies provided
over $86 million to bolster Thailand’s efforts to
combat drug production, trafficking and usage
and to build law enforcement capacity. In addition,
USAID-funded projects such as the $10 million
Mae Chaem Watershed Development Project
from 1980-1989 reduced opium poppy cultivation,
issued land use certificates to local residents, and
improved the infrastructure, environment, land,
agricultural production and social services in the
district. Another USAID project, the $1.6 million Hill
Areas Education Project, from 1980-1986 helped
develop a non-formal primary education system
for both children and adults that met the needs of
highland peoples.
Thai statistics show that annual opium
cultivation dropped from nearly 8,800 hectares of
cultivated fields in 1985 to a relatively insignificant
110 hectares in 2005. The Thai 3rd Army and
the Office of Narcotics Control Board, supported
in part by the U.S. Embassy’s Narcotics Affairs
Section, continue annual eradication campaigns
aimed at the few remaining highland growths.
NAS also maintains close cooperation with the
Royal Project Foundation and the Mae Fah Luang
Foundation, continues to support the training of
anti-narcotics police agencies and, along with the
U.S. National Institutes of Health, funds research
on drug addiction and rehabilitation in Chiang Mai
With continuous and broad U.S. support,
Thailand has provided an international model of
substituting alternative crops for opium production
while also improving the lives of rural people,
promoting demand reduction programs, and
improving law capacity. Both the U.S. and the
UN removed Thailand from their lists of ‘major’
Partnerships in Sustainable Development
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration and Thai Border Patrol Police in Mae Hong Son Province seized over a million methamphetamine tablets being transshipped in Aug. 2003 through Thailand to user markets within Southeast Asia.
”π—°ß“πª√“∫ª√“¡¬“¡‡æµ‘¥À√—∞œ ·≈–µ”√«®µ√–‡«π™“¬·¥π‰∑¬„π®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕßÕπªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√®—∫°ÿ¡¬“∫â“¡“°°«à“≈â“π‡¡Á¥∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–À«à“ß°“√¢π¬â“¬ºà“πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰ª¬—ߺŸâ‡æ „πµ≈“¥‡Õ‡´’¬µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ‘ßÀ“§¡ ªï æ.». 2546
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 38
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 39
‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“æ◊™∑¥·∑π ·≈–„π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—ππ’ȵàÕ‡π◊ËÕß¡“®π∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π Àπ૬ߓπ√“™°“√¢ÕßÀ√—∞œÕ◊ËπÊ ‰¥â¡Õ∫‡ß‘π°«à“ 86 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ ‡æ◊ ËÕπ—∫πÿπ°“√ª√“∫ª√“¡°“√º≈‘µ¬“‡æµ‘¥ °“√ ¢π¬â“¬ ·≈–°“√„™â¬“‡æµ‘¥¢Õ߉∑¬ ·≈–√â“߇√‘¡¢’¥§«“¡“¡“√∂„π°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ πÕ°®“°π’È ‚§√ß°“√∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ß∫ª√–¡“≥®“° Õߧ尓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S. Agency for International Development › USAID) ‡™à𠂧√ß°“√æ—≤π“≈ÿà¡πÈ”·¡à·®à¡¡Ÿ≈§à“ 10 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ √–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2523 - 2532 °Á“¡“√∂≈¥°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωîòπ ÕÕ°‡Õ°“√‘∑∏‘ Ï„π°“√„™â∑’ Ë¥‘π·°à™“«∫â“π ·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫“∏“√≥Ÿª‚¿§ ‘ Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑’ Ë¥ ‘π º≈º≈‘µ∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ·≈–∫√‘°“√∑“ߗߧ¡„πÕ”‡¿Õ·¡à·®à¡ Õ’°‚§√ß°“√Àπ÷ËߢÕßÕߧ尓√‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S. Agency for International Development › USAID) §◊Õ‚§√ß°“√ °“√»÷°…“”À√—∫™“«‡¢“¡Ÿ≈§à“ 1.6 ≈â“π‡À√’¬≠À√—∞ √–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2523 - 2529 ´÷Ëߙ૬æ—≤π“√–∫∫ °“√»÷°…“πÕ°‚√߇√’¬π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“”À√—∫‡¥Á°·≈–ºŸâ„À≠à´÷ ËßπÕßµÕ∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß™“«‡¢“ ‰¥â¥’ ∂‘µ‘¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬™’È«à“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωîòπ„π·µà≈–ªï≈¥≈ß®“°‡°◊Õ∫ 55,000 ‰√à „πªï æ.». 2528 ‡À≈◊Õ‡æ’¬ß 687.5 ‰√à „πªï æ.». 2548 °Õß∑—æ¿“§∑’Ë 3 ·≈–”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√ªÑÕß°—π·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ ÷Ë߉¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ∫“ßà«π®“°”π—°ß“πß∫ª√–¡“≥§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕªÑÕß°—π·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ (Narcotics Affairs Section › NAS) ∑’Ë∂“π∑Ÿµ
À√—∞œ ¬—ߥ”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√√≥√ߧåª√–®”ªï‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥ΩîòπµàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωîòπ∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ ∑’ˬ—ßÀ≈߇À≈◊ÕÕ¬ŸàÕ’°∫“ß·Ààß ”π—°ß“πß∫ª√–¡“≥§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊ÕªÑÕß°—π·≈–ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ (Narcotics Affairs Section › NAS) ¬—ß√à«¡¡◊Õ„°≈♑¥°—∫¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß·≈–¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘·¡àøÑ“À≈«ß ·≈–„Àâ°“√π—∫πÿπ°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡‡®â“Àπâ“∑’˵”√«®ΩÉ“¬ª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ ·≈–„Àâ∑ÿπ√à«¡°—∫∂“∫—πÿ¢¿“æ·Ààß™“µ‘¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S. National Institute of Health) ‡æ◊ËÕπ—∫πÿπ°“√§âπ§«â“‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√µ‘¥¬“‡æµ‘¥·≈– °“√∫”∫—¥øóôπøŸºŸâµ‘¥¬“∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à ¥â«¬°“√π—∫πÿπÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß·≈–°«â“ߢ«“ß
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
Amb. Richard Hecklinger (1999-2001) and Royal Thai Army Region 3 Commander Lt. Gen. Watanachai Chaimuanwong at an opium eradication ceremony in Dec.1999
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ √‘™“√å¥ ‡Œ§≈‘߇®Õ√å (2542-2544) ·≈–·¡à∑—æ¿“§∑’Ë 3 æ≈‚∑«—≤π™—¬ ©“¬‡À¡◊Õπ«ß»å „πæ‘∏’‡ªî¥°“√µ—¥∑”≈“¬µâπΩîòπ ∏—𫓧¡ 2524
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 40
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 41
U.S. Businesses: Fish to Chips
Dennis and Craig Black, a father-son duo
from Oregon, introduced a new industry to northern
Thailand when they started the Thai-A-Fly company
in 1987. Thai-A-Fly became the first American
company ever registered in northern Thailand under
the U.S.-Thai Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations.
Beginning with a single worker 20 years ago, the
company now has two hundred employees tying
fishing flies that are designed by famous American
fishermen. The company’s pioneering success has
prompted the establishment of five fish fly tying
plants in Chiang Mai, making the city a hub supplying
fishermen around the world.
The largest U.S. company doing business
in northern Thailand is PepsiCo, which opened a
potato chip factory in Lamphun in 1995. Working
with the Royal Project Foundation and the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives, PepsiCo researched
potato breeds suitable for chip production and trained Thai farmers to grow potatoes as their additional cash crop
for the industry. Now with a 2.5 billion baht investment, the company buys over 30,000 tons of potatoes annually
from northern farmers to produce chips that are sold throughout Thailand.
Other U.S. businesses that have invested in the northern region produce everything from brushes used in
painting and cosmetics (F.M. Brush), to flexible circuit products (Innovex), corn seed (Pioneer Hi-Bred and Monsanto),
enamel jewelry (Fish Enterprises), marigold powder (Siagra), and electronic components (Endwave Corporation).
Partnerships in Sustainable Development
narcotics producing countries in 2004. The Royal
Project Foundation, assisted for over thirty years
by the U.S. and other nations, attracts researchers
and government officials from all over the world
interested in copying successful crop substitution
and alternative development programs. Today, U.S.
governmental and non-governmental partnerships
with Thai agencies in northern Thailand continue
to promote further improvements in the important
agricultural, law enforcement, environmental and
sustainable development sectors.
Embassy Agricultural Counselor Gary Meyer and Rimping Supermarket President Phairoj Phatsorpinyosakul at the opening of a 2006 promotion of American products in Chiang Mai
∑’˪√÷°…“‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑ŸµΩÉ“¬°‘®°“√°“√‡°…µ√ ·°√’ ‰¡‡¬Õ√å ·≈– §ÿ≥‰æ‚√®πå ¿—√¿‘≠‚≠°ÿ≈ °√√¡°“√ºŸâ®—¥°“√√‘¡ªîß´ÿª‡ªÕ√å-¡“√凰Áµ„πæ‘∏’‡ªî¥‡∑»°“≈à߇√‘¡°“√¢“¬º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ‡¡√‘°—π „πªï æ.». 2549 ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 40
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 41
∏ÿ√°‘®Õ‡¡√‘°—π: ®“°ª≈“Ÿà¡—πΩ√—Ëß∑Õ¥ ‡¥π‘·≈–‡§√§ ·∫≈°§å æàÕ·≈–≈Ÿ°™“¬®“°‚Õ‡√°Õπ ·π–π”Õÿµ“À°√√¡„À¡à·°à¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑—ÈßÕ߇√‘Ë¡°‘®°“√¢Õß∫√‘…—∑‰∑¬ ‡Õ ø≈“¬ „πªï 2530 ‰∑¬ ‡Õ ø≈“¬ ‡ªìπ∫√‘…—∑Õ‡¡√‘°—π·√°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ∑’Ë®¥∑–‡∫’¬π∫√‘…—∑¿“¬„µâπ∏‘—≠≠“ ∑“߉¡µ√’·≈–§«“¡—¡æ—π∏å∑“߇»√…∞°‘®√–À«à“ßÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“°—∫√“™Õ“≥“®—°√‰∑¬ °‘®°“√π’ȇ√‘Ë¡µâπ¥â«¬§πß“πÀπ÷Ëߧπ‡¡◊ËÕ 20 ªï°àÕπªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’§πß“π®”π«π 200 §π ∑’˺≈‘µ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°ª≈“∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬π—°µ°ª≈“Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ß §«“¡”‡√Á®¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ºŸâ∫ÿ°‡∫‘°π”¡“Ÿà∫√‘…—∑º≈‘µ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°ª≈“„π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡àÕ’° 5 ∫√‘…—∑ ∑”„À⇙’¬ß„À¡à‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õß»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß°“√º≈‘µ‡À¬◊ËÕµ°ª≈“µÕ∫πÕߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õßπ—°µ°ª≈“∑—Ë«‚≈° ∫√‘…—∑Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’ Ë≈ß∑ÿπ¡“°∑’ Ëÿ¥„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ§◊Õ‡ªÖ∫´’ Ë‚§ ´÷Ë߇ªî¥¥”‡π‘π°“√‚√ßß“π¡—πΩ√—Ëß∑Õ¥∑’Ë≈”æŸπ„πªï 2538 ‡ªÖª´’Ë‚§ ∑”ß“π√à«¡°—∫‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß·≈–°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈–À°√≥å ‡æ◊ËÕ«‘®—¬À“æ—π∏ÿå¡—πΩ√—Ëß∑’ˇÀ¡“–¡°—∫°“√º≈‘µ¡—πΩ√—Ëß·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡„À⇰…µ√°√‰∑¬‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°¡—πΩ√—Ëß”À√—∫Õÿµ“À°√√¡‡ªìπ√“¬‰¥â‡√‘¡ ªí®®ÿ∫—π¥â«¬‡ß‘π≈ß∑ÿπ®”π«π 2.5 æ—π≈â“π∫“∑ ∫√‘…—∑√—∫™◊ÈÕ¡—πΩ√—Ëß ªï≈– 30,000 µ—π ®“°‡°…µ√°√¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ¡—πΩ√—Ëß∑Õ¥·≈–¢“¬∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∏ÿ√°‘®Õ‡¡√‘°—πÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë≈ß∑ÿπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ º≈‘µ‘π§â“À≈“°™π‘¥π—∫·µà·ª√ß√–∫“¬’·≈–·ª√߇§√◊ËÕß”Õ“ß (‡Õø ‡ÕÁ¡ ∫√—™) ‰ª®π∂÷ß·ºß«ß®√™π‘¥ÕàÕπ”À√—∫Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á§∑√Õ𑧠(Õ‘π‚π‡«°´å) ‡¡≈Á¥æ—π∏ÿå¢â“«‚æ¥ (‰æ‚Õ‡π’¬√å ‰Œ‡∫√¥ ·≈–¡Õπ´“π‚µâ) ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫≈߬“ (øî™ ‡ÕÁπ‡µÕ√å‰æ√´å) ·≈–ºß¥Õ°¥“«‡√◊Õß (‰´Õ–°√“) ‡ªìπµâπ
§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊π
Amb. John Gunther Dean (1981-85) and Royal Project Foundation chairman HSH Prince Bhisatej Rajani visit a rural hydroelectric project supported by USAID. Thai officials include Deputy Prime Minister Boontheng Thongsawat, Science and Technology Minister Damrong Latthapipatthana, and Science and Technology Permanent Secretary Dr. Sa-nga Sapphasri.
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ ®ÕÀåπ °—π‡∏Õ√å ¥’π (2524-2528) ·≈–Õߧåª√–∏“π¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß À¡àÕ¡‡®â“¿’»‡¥™ √—™π’ ‡¬’ˬ¡‚§√ß°“√‰øøÑ“æ≈—ßπÈ” ´÷Ëß USAID „À⧫“¡π—∫πÿπ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ˉ∑¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ √Õß𓬰√—∞¡πµ√’∫ÿ≠‡∑àß ∑Õß«—¥‘Ï √—∞¡πµ√’°√–∑√«ß«‘∑¬“»“µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¥”√ß ≈—∑∏æ‘æ—≤πå ·≈–ª≈—¥°√–∑√«ß«‘∑¬“»“µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¥√. ßà“ √√æ»√’
¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß”À√—∫π“π“™“µ‘„π‡√◊ ËÕß°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑πΩîòπ√«¡∑—Èßæ—≤π“§ÿ≥¿“æ™’«‘µ¢Õß™“«™π∫∑ „π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–¬—߇ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß„π‡√◊ ËÕß °“√à߇√‘¡‚§√ß°“√≈¥Õÿªß§å¬“‡æµ‘¥ ·≈–°“√‡æ‘ Ë¡¢’¥§«“¡“¡“√∂¥â“π°“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ À√—∞œ ·≈–Àª√–™“™“µ‘‰¥âµ—¥™◊ËÕª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ÕÕ°®“°∫—≠™’√“¬™◊ËÕ çª√–‡∑»À≈—°é ∑’˺≈‘µ¬“‡æµ‘¥„πªï æ.». 2547 ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß ´÷Ë߉¥â√—∫§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ®“°À√—∞œ ·≈–ª√–‡∑»Õ◊ËπÊ ¡“°«à“ 30 ªï ‰¥â¥÷ߥŸ¥π—°«‘®—¬ ·≈–¢â“√“™°“√®“°ª√–‡∑»∑—Ë«‚≈°∑’Ëπ„®π”‚§√ß°“√æ◊™∑¥·∑π·≈–‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“Õ“™’æ∑¥·∑π∑’˪√–∫§«“¡”‡√Á®¢Õ߉∑¬‰ª„™â‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß ªí®®ÿ∫—π√—∞∫“≈·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ‡Õ°™π¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ °—∫Àπ૬ߓπ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬¬—ߥ”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡æ◊ ËÕà߇√‘¡°“√æ—≤π“∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ °“√∫—ߧ—∫„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–°“√æ—≤π“Õ¬à“߬—Ë߬◊πµàÕ‰ª
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 42
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 43
U.S. Diplomatic Presence
The United States established a diplomatic
presence in northern Thailand in 1950, opening a
Consulate in Chiang Mai on December 10 in the
historic compound of the former Prince of Chiang
Mai. Robert Anderson became the first of 25
U.S. diplomats who have headed the Consulate
between 1950 and 2007.
When the U.S. opened its Consulate in
Chiang Mai, the economy of northern Thailand
was based primarily on agriculture. Having been
forced to close its embassy and consulates in
China after the Communist takeover the year
before, the U.S. recognized the significance of
northern Thailand’s location. Refugees and others
coming out of China through northern Thailand in
those days provided valuable information about
conditions in a country where the U.S. no longer
had diplomatic offices.
Over the years the focus of U.S. interests
and activities in northern Thailand expanded. The
mission was upgraded to the status of Consulate
General in 1986, one year after taking on the added
responsibility of issuing visas. During the Vietnam
War the U.S. had several small military bases
nearby, including one in Lampang. When the war
ended, the north saw significant inflows of refugees
and the establishment of refugee camps in Nan,
Uttaradit, Chiang Rai, and Phayao provinces.
The cooperation that developed among the U.S.
and Thai governments as well as international
organizations and NGOs during that refugee
crisis is repeated today as northern Thailand hosts
thousands of displaced persons in camps along
the Burma border. The U.S. government continues
U.S. Diplomatic Presence
The U.S. Consulate, shown in this 2003 photo, is located in a historic compound across from the Chiang Mai Municipal Office on the Ping River
∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÀ√—∞œ µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„π∂“π∑’˪√–«—µ‘»“µ√å ¥â“π¢â“ß”π—°ß“π‡∑»∫“≈π§√‡™’¬ß„À¡à √‘¡·¡àπÈ”ªîß ∂à“¬‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2546
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 42
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 43
°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡√‘ Ë¡à߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∑“ß°“√∑Ÿµ¡“ª√–®”¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¥â«¬°“√‡ªî¥∂“π°ßÿ≈∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 10 ∏—𫓧¡ æ.». 2493 ≥ ∫√‘‡«≥§ÿâ¡À≈«ß¢Õ߇®â“π§√‡™’¬ß„À¡à ·≈–¡’‚√‡∫‘√åµ ·Õπ‡¥Õ√å—π‡ªìπÀ—«Àπâ“∂“π°ßÿ≈‡™’¬ß„À¡à§π·√°„π®”π«π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 25 §π√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2493-2550 ™à«ß‡«≈“∑’ ËÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‡ªî¥∂“π°ßÿ≈„π‡™’¬ß„À¡àπ—È𠇻√…∞°‘®„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫°“√‡°…µ√‡ªìπÀ≈—° ‡¡◊ËÕµâÕߪî¥∂“π‡Õ°-Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ·≈–∂“π°ßÿ≈„πª√–‡∑»®’πÀ≈—ß®“°∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈§Õ¡¡‘«π‘µå‡¢â“¬÷¥ª√–‡∑»Àπ÷Ëߪï°àÕπÀπâ“π—Èπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“´÷Ëßµ√–Àπ—°∂÷ߧ«“¡”§—≠¢Õß™—¬¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ºŸâ≈’È¿—¬∑’ËÕæ¬æ®“°®’π‡¢â“‰∑¬∑“ß¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ„π™à«ß‡«≈“π—Èπ‰¥â„Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™π凰’ ˬ«°—∫∂“π°“√≥å„πª√–‡∑»¢Õßµπ ´÷ËßÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‰¥â¬ÿ∫”π—°ß“π∑“ß°“√∑Ÿµ‰ª·≈â« „π™à«ß‡«≈“À≈“¬ªï®“°π— È𠧫“¡π„®¢ÕßÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“∑’Ë¡’µàÕ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬µ≈Õ¥®π°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ „π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’È¢¬“¬«ß°«â“ß¡“°¢÷Èπ µàÕ¡“∂“π°ßÿ≈‰¥â√—∫°“√¬°∞“𖇪ìπ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠à„πªï æ.». 2529 Àπ÷ËߪïÀ≈—ß®“°∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¿“√–‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡„π°“√ÕÕ°«’ à“ „π™à«ßߧ√“¡‡«’¬¥π“¡ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“¡’∞“π∑—æ¢π“¥‡≈Á°À≈“¬·Ààß„π®—ßÀ«—¥„°≈⇧’¬ß ‡™àπ ∑’Ë≈”ª“ß ‡¡◊ËÕߧ√“¡‘Èπÿ¥≈ß „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¡’ºŸâ≈’È¿—¬‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°·≈–¡’°“√√â“ß§à“¬ºŸ â≈’ È¿—¬
„π®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π Õÿµ√¥‘µ∂å ‡™’¬ß√“¬·≈–æ–‡¬“ §«“¡ √à«¡¡◊Õ√–À«à“ß√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ °—∫√—∞∫“≈‰∑¬µ≈Õ¥∑—ÈßÕߧå°√√–À«à“ߪ√–‡∑»·≈–Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷ Èπ „π™à«ß«‘°ƒµºŸâ≈’È¿—¬π—Èπ¬—߇°‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ’°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡¡◊ËÕ¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬‰¥â„Àâ∑’Ëæ—°æ‘ß·°àºŸâæ≈—¥∂‘ËπÀ≈“¬æ—π§π„π§à“¬ºŸ â≈’ È¿—¬µ“¡™“¬·¥πæ¡à“ ‚¥¬√—∞∫“≈À√—∞œ °Á¬—ߧߡ’∫∑∫“∑”§—≠„π°“√„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ∫ÿ§§≈‡À≈à“π’È µ≈Õ¥®π™à«¬Õߧå°√‡Õ°™π
°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ
Amb. Max Waldo Bishop (1955-58) and USIS librarian Sirinuan Jiramaneemai in 1957, when the USIS library was located on the Consulate grounds.
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ ·¡°´å ‡«≈‚¥ ∫‘™Õ∫ (2498-2501) ·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥»‘√‘π«≈ ®’√¡≥’¡—¬ ªï æ.». 2501 ∑’ËÀâÕß¡ÿ¥”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π¢≥–¬—ßµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„π∂“π°ßÿ≈Õ‡¡√‘°—𠇙’¬ß„À¡à
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 44
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 45
to play a significant role in assisting these persons,
helping NGOs deliver food, medicine and other
kinds of support to refugees while also moving
ahead with resettlement programs.
The U.S. Information Service (USIS) managed
press, cultural, and educational programs out of
Chiang Mai for 46 years until oversight was moved
to Bangkok in 1996. In 1970, three USIS Thai
staff that were part of a mobile movie unit were
tragically killed in a communist ambush in Nan
Province. Their contributions are remembered at a
monument in Tung Chang. The library and English
teaching programs begun by USIS continue to
serve Chiang Mai students and residents now as
part of AUA while the Consulate and Embassy carry
on other educational and cultural programs.
In the early 1970s, the U.S. began to work
closely with Thai counterparts to stop the flow
of illicit narcotics. The U.S. Drug Enforcement
Administration opened an office in Chiang Mai in
1972 that today maintains an active partnership
with Thai police and military to interdict drug
shipments and arrest drug traffickers.
The U.S. airbase in Lampang sent a fire engine to help quench a fire at Ton Lam Yai and Warorot market in February 1968. Consulate Political Specialist Bunchob Bunasit is shown at left.
∞“π∑—æÕ“°“»À√—∞œ ∑’Ë≈”ª“ßàß√∂¥—∫‡æ≈‘ß¡“™à«¬¥—∫‡æ≈‘ßµ≈“¥ µâπ≈”‰¬·≈–µ≈“¥«‚√√§√—Èß„À≠à‡¡◊ËÕ‡¥◊Õπ°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ªï æ.». 2511 „π¿“æ (´â“¬ÿ¥) ºŸâ™à«¬ΩÉ“¬°“√‡¡◊Õߧÿ≥∫√√®∫ ∫√√≥‘∑∏‘Ï
Northern high school students competed to demonstrate their knowledge of the U.S. in a contest sponsored by the Embassy Aug. 26-27, 2006. Chiang Mai University Demonstration School student Pannapat Tharanat won a three-week trip to the U.S., presented by Information Officer Kit Boyle and Consul General Bea Camp at the Channel 11 TV studio.
π.. æ√√≥æ—™√ ∑“√–π—¥ ‚√߇√ ’¬π“∏ ‘µ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à ºŸâ™π–‡≈‘»ªï æ.». 2549 „π°“√·¢àߢ—π çQuiz USAé √—∫√“ß«—≈∑—»π»÷°…“ª√–‡∑»À√—∞œ √–¬–‡«≈“ 3 —ª¥“Àå ®“°‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∂“π∑ŸµÀ√—∞œ §‘∑ ∫Õ¬≈å ·≈–°ßÿ≈„À≠à ∫’ ·§¡ªá ≥ ∂“π’‚∑√∑—»πåœ ™àÕß 11 ‡™’¬ß„À¡à
U.S. Diplomatic Presence
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 44
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 45
®—¥àßÕ“À“√ ¬“·≈–°“√π—∫πÿπª√–‡¿∑Õ◊ËπÊ ·°àºŸâ ≈’È¿—¬·≈–„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á¬—ߧߥ”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√√—∫ ºŸâ≈’È¿—¬‰ªµ—ÈßÀ≈—°·À≈àß„πÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“µàÕ‰ª¥â«¬ ”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√ ‘° —π (U.S. Information Service › USIS) ‰¥â¥”‡π‘πß“π‡°’Ë¬«°—∫◊ËÕ «—≤π∏√√¡·≈–°“√»÷°…“∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π 46 ªï®π°√–∑—Ëß¿“√°‘®¥—ß°≈à“«∂Ÿ°‚Õπ¡“∑’Ë°√ÿ߇∑æœ „πªï æ.». 2539 „πªï æ.». 2513 ‡®â“Àπâ“∑’ˉ∑¬“¡§π¢Õß”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π ´÷Ë߇ªìπà«πÀπ÷ËߢÕßÀπ૬ߓπ¿“æ¬πµ√凧≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‚®√§Õ¡¡‘«π‘µå´ÿ à¡‚®¡µ’®π‡’¬™’«‘µ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π º≈ß“π§«“¡‡’¬≈–¢Õßæ«°‡¢“‰¥â√—∫°“√√–≈÷°∂÷ß ≥ Õπÿ“«√’¬å∑’ Ë∑ÿ àß™â“ß à«π‚§√ß°“√ ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥·≈–°“√Õπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…∑’Ë”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π√‘‡√‘ Ë¡¢÷ Èπ ¬—ß§ß„Àâ∫√‘°“√·°àπ—°»÷°…“·≈–ª√–™“™π™“«‡™’¬ß„À¡à„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬√«¡‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠à‡™’¬ß„À¡à·≈–∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ °Á¬—ߧߥ”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√Õ◊ ËπÊ ∑“ß°“√»÷°…“·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ π—∫µ—Èß·µàªï 2513 ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ À√—∞œ ‡√‘Ë¡∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß„°≈♑¥°—∫ΩÉ“¬‰∑¬„π°“√°—¥°—Èπ°“√≈—°≈Õ∫ §â“¬“‡æµ‘¥ ‚¥¬”π—°ß“πª√“∫ª√“¡¬“‡æµ‘¥¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S Drug Enforcement Administration ›DEA) ‡ªî¥∑’Ë∑”°“√¢÷Èπ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à„πªï æ.». 2515 ªí®®ÿ∫—π DEA ¬—ߧß∑”ß“π√à«¡°—∫µ”√«®·≈–∑À“√‰∑¬„π°“√°—¥°—Èπ°“√¢π¬“‡æµ‘¥·≈–®—∫°ÿ¡ºŸâ§â“¬“ „π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ‰¥â„Àâ‡ß‘ππ—∫πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕª≈Ÿ°æ◊™∑¥·∑πΩîòπ
Õ¬à“߇µÁ¡∑’ Ë ‚¥¬√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß ∑— Èßπ’ È¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡™’¬ß„À¡à·≈–¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬·¡à‚®â‡ªìπ∂“∫—π∑’Ë√à«¡¡◊Õ„π‚§√ß°“√¥—ß°≈à“« ¬—ߥ”‡π‘π°“√µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß¡“‚¥¬ºà“πÀπ૬ߓπÕ◊ËπÊ ¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ ·¡â«à“°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√À√—∞œ ‡√Á®‘Èπ¿“√°‘®„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’ȉªµ—Èß·µàªï æ.». 2529 ·≈â«°Áµ“¡ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ À√—∞œ ¬—ß¡’∫∑∫“∑”§—≠„π°“√«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ´÷Ëß√«¡∂÷ß‚√§∑ÿ‚¿™π“°“√„π‡¥Á° ‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–‚√§‡¢µ√âÕ𠇙◊ÈÕ‡ÕÁ™‰Õ«’·≈–‡Õ¥å °“√«‘®—¬§âπ§«â“¥â“πÿ¢¿“æ∑’ËÀ√—∞œ „Àâ‡ß‘πÕÿ¥Àπÿπ¬—ߧߥ”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È ‚¥¬¡’”π—°ß“π¢Õß»Ÿπ¬å§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§·Ààß™“µ‘¢ÕßÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (Centers for Disease Control › CDC) ∑’ˇ™’¬ß√“¬„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ
°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ
Amb. William Brown (1985-88) presides over a ceremony elevating the Consulate to a Consulate General on Sept. 4, 1986. With him are Consul General Terrell Otis, USIS Director Clint Wright, Vice Consul James Forbes, Vice Consul William Davnie, Secretary Jo Ann Kosh and Thai staff.
‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ∫√“«πå (2528-31) „πæ‘∏’¬°∞“π–∂“π°ßÿ≈‡ªìπ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠à ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 4 °—𬓬π 2529 ‚¥¬¡’ °ßÿ≈„À≠à ‡∑Õ√å√—≈ ‚Õµ‘ ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√”π—°¢à“«“√Õ‡¡√‘°—π §≈‘Èπ∑å ‰√∑å √Õß°ßÿ≈ ‡®¡å øÕ√å∫å √Õß°ßÿ≈ «‘≈‡≈’¬¡ ‡Õø. ‡¥øπ’ ‡≈¢“πÿ°“√ ‚® ·Õππå §Õ™
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 46
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 47
During the same time, the U.S. Department
of Agriculture funded extensive poppy replacement
research in cooperation with the Royal Projects.
Chiang Mai and Maejo Universities were partners
in this effort, which continued through other U.S.
channels even after the USDA finished its work in
the region in 1986.
The U.S. was also a major player in medical
research, including childhood malnutrition,
infectious and tropical diseases, and HIV/AIDS.
U.S.-funded health research remains active
today, with an office of the Centers for Disease
Control (CDC) in Chiang Rai helping people live
with AIDS infections and helping infected women
avoid passing the disease to their babies. Malaria
and emerging infectious diseases such as avian
influenza remain important areas of U.S.-Thai
medical cooperation in the north today.
The work of these U.S. government agencies
in 15 northern provinces has been supported by
the Consulate General during its 57-year presence
in Chiang Mai. Operating out of a historic royal
residence known as Khum Chedi Ngarm, the
Consulate General is staffed by 100 Thai and
American employees.
The Consulate today provides visa services
to Thai and other applicants and assists American
citizens while also tracking developments
concerning refugees, trade in illicit narcotics,
trafficking in persons, the environment, education,
and the economy. Equally important are music
and other cultural programs sponsored by the
U.S. Consulate that attract thousands of Thais
annually to listen to American jazz, discuss the U.S.
elections, or learn about opportunities to study in
the U.S. As an increasing number of Americans
visit and settle in northern Thailand and a growing
number of Thais seek to study, work, and travel
in the U.S., the Consulate will continue to play a
central role in this important region for many years
to come.
First Lady Hillary Clinton visited Akha villagers at Ban Jao Pa Ka, Mae Chan District, Chiang Rai, on Nov. 24, 1996.
ÿ¿“æµ√’À¡“¬‡≈¢Àπ÷Ëß Œ‘≈≈“√’ §≈‘πµ—πæ∫ª–°—∫™π‡ºà“Õ“¢à“ ∑’Ë∫â“π®ÕªÉ“§“ Õ”‡¿Õ·¡à®—𠇙’¬ß√“¬ «—π∑’Ë 24 惻®‘°“¬π 2539
U.S. Diplomatic Presence
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 46
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 47
ºŸâªÉ«¬‚√§‡Õ¥å„π°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ·≈–™à«¬‡À≈◊Õµ√’ ∑’˵‘¥‡™◊ÈՇե剡à„Àâ∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰ªŸà∑“√° ªí®®ÿ∫—π‚√§¡“≈“‡√’¬·≈–‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„À¡àÊ ‡™àπ ‚√§‰¢âÀ«—¥π° ‡ªìπª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“”§—≠„𧫓¡√à«¡¡◊Õ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å√–À«à“߉∑¬-À√—∞œ „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“√°‘®¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ√“™°“√À√—∞œ „π 15 ®—ßÀ«—¥¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‰¥â√—∫°“√π—∫πÿπ®“°∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÕ‡¡√‘°—π‡™’¬ß„À¡à¡“µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ 57 ªï∑’ ˇªî¥¥”‡π‘π°“√„π∂“π∑’˪√–«—µ‘»“µ√å∑’ ˇ√’¬°«à“ §ÿ ⡇®¥’¬ åß“¡ ‚¥¬¡’‡® â“Àπâ“∑’ Ë™“«‰∑¬·≈–Õ‡¡√‘° —π ®”π«π 100 §π ªí®®ÿ∫—π ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÕ‡¡√‘°—π‡™’¬ß„À¡à„Àâ∫√‘°“√¥â“π«’´à“·°à§π‰∑¬·≈–™“µ‘Õ◊ËπÊ ·≈–„À⧫“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õ·°à∫ÿ§§≈—≠™“µ‘À√—∞œ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °Áµ‘¥µ“¡‡Àµÿ°“√≥å¥â“πºŸ â≈’ È¿—¬ °“√§â“¬“‡æµ‘¥ °“√§â“¡πÿ…¬å ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °“√»÷°…“·≈–‡»√…∞°‘® ∑’Ë”§—≠‰¡à¬‘ËßÀ¬àÕπ‰ª°«à“°—π§◊Õ°“√®—¥·¥ß¥πµ√’·≈–‚§√ß°“√«—≤π∏√√¡Õ◊ËπÊ ÷Ëß∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÀ√—∞œ ‡ªìπºŸâÕÿª∂—¡¿å „π·µà≈–ªï ‚§√ß°“√‡À≈à“π’È¥÷ߥŸ¥§π‰∑¬À≈“¬æ—π§π„Àâ¡“√à«¡øíߥπµ√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π·®ä ‡«π“‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—ÈߢÕßÀ√—∞œ À√◊ÕÀ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√»÷°…“µàÕ„πÀ√—∞œ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿ∑’ Ë¡’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π
¡“‡¬◊Õπ·≈–æ”π—°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬¡“°¢÷ Èπ √«¡∑—Èߧπ‰∑¬∑’˵âÕß°“√‰ª»÷°…“ ∑”ß“π ·≈–‡¥‘π∑“ß∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«„πÀ√—∞œ ¡’®”π«π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ∂“π°ßÿ≈„À≠àÀ√—∞œ ®–¬—ߧߡ’∫∑∫“∑À≈—°∑’Ë”§—≠„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’ȵàÕ‰ª„πÕ𓧵
As voters in the U.S. went to the polls for the 2004 election, observers in Chiang Mai gathered at AUA to watch the results.
„π√–À«à“ß∑’˺Ÿâ¡’‘∑∏‘ÕÕ°‡’¬ß°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß„πÕ‡¡√‘°“‰ª„™â‘∑∏‘‡¡◊ËÕªï 2547 ºŸâ—߇°µÿ°“√≥å ∑’ˇ™’¬ß„À¡à‰¥â‰ª√«¡°—π∑’Ë∂“∫—πÕπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ ‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿº≈°“√‡≈◊Õ°µ—Èß
°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 48
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 49
U.S. Consuls and Consuls General in Chiang Mai 1950-2007
Consuls:Robert Anderson 1950-1951
John M. Farrior 1951-1952
George M. Widney 1952-1953
Rufus Z. Smith 1953-1955
Karl E. Sommerlatte 1955-1957
William B. Hussey 1957-1959
George M. Barbis 1959-1961
Laurence G. Pickering 1961-1963
Stephen A. Dobrenchuk 1963-1966
Consuls General:Terrell R. Otis 1985-1987
Charles S. Ahlgren 1987-1989
Richard M. Gibson 1989-1992
Judith A. Strotz 1992-1995
Scott D. Bellard 1995-1998
Thomas M. Murphy 1998-2001
Eric S. Rubin 2001-2004
Beatrice A. Camp 2004-2007
U.S. Diplomatic Presence
Carl Nelson 1966-1967
Wever Gim 1967-1971
James M. Montgomery 1971-1974
Frank J. Tatu 1974
William B. Harbin 1974-1976
Maurice M. Tanner 1976-1979
Paul J. Bennett 1979-1982
Harlan Y. M. Lee 1982-1985
The U.S. Consulate in Chiang Mai was established in 1950 on the grounds of the former home of Chao Kaew Nawarat, the last prince of Chiang Mai.
∂“π°ßÿ≈À√—∞œ ‡ªî¥‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2493 µ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∑’ ˧ÿ â¡À≈«ß¢Õß ‡®â“·°â«π«√—∞ ‡®â“ºŸâ§√Õßπ§√‡™’¬ß„À¡àÕߧåÿ¥∑⓬
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 48
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 49°“√∑ŸµÀ√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ
Americans Who Made a Difference ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à
Daniel McGilvary (1828-1911) Rev. Daniel McGilvary established the first American presence in Chiang
Mai. His 53 years of work in Thailand began in Bangkok in 1858, where he met
and married Sophia Bradley, daughter of well-known American missionary Dr.
Dan Beach Bradley. After a long trip north by river boat, the McGilvary family
arrived in Chiang Mai in April 1867. Beginning from that date, Rev. McGilvary’s
44-year mission in Chiang Mai introduced modern medicines, hospitals,
education and printing in the Lanna language to northern Thailand.
¥“‡π’¬≈ ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ (æ.». 2371-2454) »“π“®“√¬å¥“‡π’¬≈ ·¡§°‘≈«“√’‡ªìπ™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π§π·√°∑’Ë∑”ß“π„π‡™’¬ß„À¡à »“π“®“√¬å·¡§°‘≈«“√’∑”ß“π„π‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬ 53 ªï‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡ß“π„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2401 ·≈–∑’Ë°√ÿ߇∑æœ π’ȇÕß∑’Ë∑à“π‰¥âæ∫·≈–¡√°—∫‚´‡øï¬ ∫√—¥‡≈¬å ∫ÿµ√“«¢Õß𓬷æ∑¬å ·¥π ∫’™ ∫√—¥‡≈¬å ¡‘™™—ππ“√’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ß À≈—ß®“°°“√‡¥‘π∑“ߢ÷Èπ‡Àπ◊Õ∑“߇√◊Õ´÷Ëß„™â‡«≈“π“π §√Õ∫§√—«·¡§°‘≈«“√’°Á∂÷߇¡◊Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à „π‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π æ.». 2410 π—∫·µàπ—Èπ¡“ ¿“√°‘®µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“ 44 ªï„π‡™’¬ß„À¡à¢Õß»“π“®“√¬å·¡§°‘≈«“√’°Á‰¥âπ”‘Ëß„À¡àÊ ¡“Ÿà¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ Õ“∑‘ ¬“¡—¬„À¡à ‚√ß欓∫“≈ °“√»÷°…“ ·≈–°“√æ‘¡æå¿“…“≈â“ππ“
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 50
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 51
Sophia Bradley McGilvary (1839-1923) Sophia Bradley McGilvary, who grew up in Bangkok in a missionary family,
founded the first school for girls in northern Thailand. Beginning from small
gatherings in the McGilvary house, the school later became Prarachaya and
later Dara Academy in honor of Princess Dararasmi, daughter of Chiang Mai
ruler Chao Intawhichayanond and consort of King Rama V. Mrs. McGilvary
and her husband lie buried at the Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery on the Chiang
Mai - Lamphun Road.
‚´‡øï¬ ∫√—¥‡≈¬å ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ (æ.». 2382 - 2466) ‚´‡øï¬ ∫√—¥‡≈¬å ·¡§°‘≈«“√’ ‡°‘¥„π§√Õ∫§√—«¡‘™™—ππ“√’·≈–‡µ‘∫‚µ„π°√ÿ߇∑æœ ‡∏Õ‡ªìπºŸ â°àÕµ— Èß‚√߇√’¬π”À√—∫‡¥Á°À≠‘ß·Ààß·√°„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‚√߇√’¬ππ’ȇ√‘Ë¡®“°°“√‡ªî¥Õππ—°‡√’¬π°≈ÿࡇ≈Á°Ê ∑’Ë∫â“πæ—°¢Õߧ√Õ∫§√—«·¡§°‘≈«“√’ µàÕ¡“°Á°≈“¬‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬πµ√’æ√–√“™™“¬“·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπ™◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‚√߇√’¬π¥“√“«‘∑¬“≈—¬„π¿“¬À≈—ß ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡°’¬√µ‘·°à‡®â“¥“√“√—»¡’ æ√–∏‘¥“„πæ√–‡®â“Õ‘π∑«‘™¬“ππ∑å ‡®â“ºŸâ§√Õßπ§√‡™’¬ß„À¡à Õߧå∑’Ë 7 ·≈–æ√–√“™™“¬“„πæ√–∫“∑¡‡¥Á®æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈â“-‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √à“ߢÕßπ“ß·¡§°‘≈«“√’·≈–“¡’¢Õ߇∏Õ∂Ÿ°ΩíßÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ëÿ“ππ“π“™“µ‘∫â“π‡¥àπ (Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery) ∑’Ë∂ππ‡™’¬ß„À¡à-≈”æŸπ
Americans Who Made a Difference
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 50
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 51™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à
Harold Young (1901-1975) The Chiang Mai Zoo got its start thanks to Harold M. Young, a second
generation Baptist missionary who was born in Kengtung, Burma and worked
among tribal groups in the region. Young began collecting wild animals during
his time teaching jungle survival to the Northern Thai Provincial Police in their
“Chaiya” training program. A group of prominent Chiang Mai citizens, close
friends and officials asked him to open a “real zoo” for Chiangmai from his
growing private collection. In 1955 he relocated the animals to land granted
by the provincial government at the foot of Doi Suthep, later donating his zoo
in 1977 to the Royal Zoological Society of Thailand, now the Zoological Park
Organization under the Royal Patronage of HM the King. One of his sons,
Gordon Young, authored The Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand in 1961.
·Œ‚√≈¥å ¬—ß (æ.». 2444-2518) °“√°àÕ‡°‘¥¢Õß«π—µ«å‡™’¬ß„À¡à¡“®“° ·Œ‚√≈¥å ‡ÕÁ¡. ¬—ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¡‘™™—ππ“√’ π‘°“¬·∫ä∫µ‘µå√ÿàπ∑’Ë 2 ‡°‘¥∑’ˇ™’¬ßµÿß ª√–‡∑»æ¡à“ ·≈–∑”ß“π„πÀ¡Ÿà™π‡ºà“„π¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§ ¬—߇√‘ Ë¡–¡—µ«åªÉ“√–À«à“ß∑’ËÕπ«‘∏’°“√¥”‡π‘π™’«‘µ„πªÉ“„Àⷰൔ√«®¿Ÿ∏√‰∑¬ „π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õµ“¡‚§√ß°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡ 牙¬“é µàÕ¡“°≈ÿà¡∫ÿ§§≈”§—≠¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à ‡æ◊ËÕππ‘∑¢Õ߬—ß·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë∑“ß°“√‰¥â¢Õ√âÕß„À⬗ßπ”∫√√¥“—µ«å∑’ˇ¢“‡≈’Ȭ߉«â∑’Ë¡’®”π«π¡“°¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ‡ªî¥‡ªìπ ç«π—µ«å∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ßé „π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à „πªï æ.». 2498 ‡¢“¬â“¬—µ«å‡À≈à“π—Èπ‰ªÕ¬Ÿà„π∑’Ë¥‘π∑’Ë∑“ß®—ßÀ«—¥¡Õ∫„Àâ∑’ˇ™‘ߥլÿ‡∑æ ·≈– µàÕ¡“‡¢“°Á∫√‘®“§«π—µ«å¢Õ߇¢“„Àâ·°àÕߧ尓√«π—µ«å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2520 ≈Ÿ°™“¬§πÀπ÷ËߢÕ߇¢“§◊Õ °Õ√å¥Õπ ¬—ß ‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß◊Õ™◊ËÕ ™“«‡¢“„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2504
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 52
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 53
Edwin McDaniel (1917-1999) Known as Dr. Ed or “Maw Mac”, Dr. Edwin McDaniel served as director
of Overbrook Hospital in Chiang Rai 1949-1953 and at McCormick Hospital in
Chiang Mai 1954-1982. After growing up as the son of missionaries assigned
to Nakorn Sri Thammarat, McDaniel completed medical school at the University
of Illinois, followed by an internship with the U.S. Public Health Service, two
years in the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and a year of training in surgery and
obstetrics in Los Angeles. McDaniel is especially renowned for his leadership
in starting an active family planning program in Chiang Mai.
‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ·¡§·¥‡π’¬≈ (æ.». 2460-2542) 𓬷æ∑¬å‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ·¡§·¥‡π’¬≈ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿ â®—°°—π„ππ“¡ çÀ¡Õ‡ÕÁ¥é À√◊Õ çÀ¡Õ·¡Á§é ‡ªìπºŸ âÕ”π«¬°“√¢Õß‚√ß欓∫“≈‚Õ‡«Õ√å∫√ÿ ä§ „π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2492 › 2496 ·≈–∑’Ë‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§√–À«à“ߪï æ.». 2497 › 2525 𓬷æ∑¬å ‡ÕÁ¥«‘π ·¡§·¥‡π’¬≈‡ªìπ∫ÿµ√¢Õß¡‘™™—ππ“√’∑’Ë∑”ß“π„π®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ ®∫°“√»÷°…“·æ∑¬»“µ√宓°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬Õ‘≈≈‘πÕ¬å ·≈–‡ªìπ·æ∑¬åΩñ°À—¥∑’Ë”π—°ß“π“∏“√≥ÿ¢¢ÕßÀ√—∞œ (U.S. Public Health Service) ®“°π—Èπ‡¢“‰¥â∑”ß“π°—∫°√¡·æ∑¬å∑À“√∫°À√—∞œ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“Õßªï ·≈–Ωñ°ß“π¥â“π»—≈¬»“µ√å·≈–Ÿµ‘»“µ√åÕ’°Àπ÷Ëߪï∑’Ëπ§√≈Õ·Õ߇®≈‘ 𓬷æ∑¬å·¡§·¥‡π’¬≈¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ß¡“°‡ªìπ摇»…„π∞“π–∑’ˇªìπºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡‚§√ß°“√«“ß·ºπ§√Õ∫§√—«„π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à
Americans Who Made a Difference
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 52
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 53™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à
David Wyatt (1937-2006) Cornell University history professor David Wyatt helped clarify Thailand’s
past in his best-known work “Thailand: A Short History”. This American scholar
also devoted considerable research and writing to northern Thai culture, learning
northern Thai script in order to read original documents. His contributions to
understanding the northern region included The Chiang Mai Chronicle and The
Nan Chronicle. His book Reading Thai Murals shed new light on the history of
Nan. Convinced that historical evidence had to go beyond documents and
archives, he studied the murals at Nan’s Wat Phumin as a key to understanding
people and events in the past.
‡¥«‘¥ «—¬Õ“® (æ.». 2480-2549) ‡¥«‘¥ «—¬Õ“® ‡ªì𻓵√“®“√¬å«‘™“ª√–«—µ‘»“µ√宓°¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬§Õ√å·π≈ ºŸâ„À⧫“¡°√–®à“߇°’ˬ«°—∫ª√–«—µ‘»“µ√å¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πÀπ—ß◊Õ∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ß¢Õ߇¢“™◊ËÕ çThailand: A Short Historyé ªí≠≠“™π™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑à“ππ’ȉ¥â∑”°“√§âπ§«â“∑’Ë”§—≠·≈–‡¢’¬πÀπ—ß◊Õ‡°’ˬ«°—∫«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¥â«¬°“√»÷°…“Õ—°…√∏√√¡≈â“ππ“‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ“¡“√∂Õà“π‡Õ°“√µâπ©∫—∫‡¥‘¡‰¥â º≈ß“π¢Õ߇¢“∑’˙૬√â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‰¥â·°à The Chiang Mai Chronicle ·≈– The Nan Chronicle Àπ—ß◊ÕReading Thai Murals ∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®ª√–«—µ‘»“µ√å¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π‰¥â°√–®à“ߢ÷Èπ ®“°°“√∑’Ë«—¬Õ“®‡™◊ËÕ«à“À≈—°∞“π∑“ߪ√–«—µ‘»“µ√åµâÕß¡’¡“°°«à“‡Õ°“√ ∑à“π‰¥â»÷°…“®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë«—¥¿Ÿ¡‘π∑√å ®—ßÀ«—¥πà“π ÷Ë߇ªìπ°ÿ≠·®”§—≠∑’˙૬„À⇢Ⓞ®§π·≈–‡√◊ËÕß√“«µà“ßÊ „πÕ¥’µ
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 54
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 55
Chester Gorman (1938-1981) American anthropologist and archaeologist Chester Gorman was the
first to explore prehistoric sites in Mae Hong Song province. In a search for
the origin of agriculture in Southeast Asia, Gorman in 1969 excavated Spirit
Cave in highland Pang Mapha district, finding evidence of human habitation
back to about 10,000 BC and carbonized plant remains that he thought may
have been cultivated. His discoveries brought new attention to Southeast
Asian archaeology and changed the perception of some of the area’s earliest
settlers.
‡™‡µÕ√å °Õ√å·¡π (æ.». 2481-2524) ‡™‡µÕ√å °Õ√å·¡π ‡ªìππ—°¡“πÿ…¬«‘∑¬“·≈–π—°‚∫√“≥§¥’™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π§π·√°∑’Ë”√«®æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°àÕπª√–«—µ‘»“µ√å„π®—ßÀ«—¥·¡àŒàÕßÕπ „π°“√§âπÀ“µâπ°”‡π‘¥¢Õ߇°…µ√°√√¡„π‡Õ‡´’¬µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ „πªï æ.». 2512 °Õ√å·¡π‰¥â∑”°“√¢ÿ¥ ∂È”º’·¡π„πÕ”‡¿Õª“ß¡–ºâ“ ·≈–‰¥â§âπæ∫À≈—°∞“π√àÕß√Õ¬«à“¡’¡πÿ…¬åÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿàª√–¡“≥ 10,000 ªï°àÕπ§√‘µå°“≈ ·≈–´“°æ◊™∑’Ë°≈“¬‡ªìπ∂à“π ´÷Ëß°Õ√å·¡π‡™◊ËÕ«à“ πà“®–‡ªìπæ◊™∑’ ˇ§¬¡’°“√‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ° °“√§âπæ∫¢Õ߇¢“∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡π„®‚∫√“≥§¥’„π‡Õ‡™’¬µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„µâ¡“°¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπ¡ÿ¡¡Õ߇°’ˬ«°—∫ºŸâµ— Èß∂‘Ëπ∞“πæ«°·√°„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë·∂∫π’È
Americans Who Made a Difference
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 54
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 55™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à
Joan Eubank Joan Eubank has inspired local musicians since arriving in Chiang Mai in
1971, ten years after first moving to Thailand with her husband Allan. Using her
background in Broadway musical theater, Eubank trained singers and actors
both in the church music department of what would become Payap University
and through the University’s Christian Communications Institute (CCI). She
encouraged the use of music to overcome disabilities at such institutions as
McKean Rehabilitation Hospital, the School for the Deaf and the Cheshire Home
for the Disabled. Many of Chiang Mai’s best-known vocalists today trace their
careers to Eubank’s influence.
‚®π ¬Ÿ·∫ß§å ‚®π ¬Ÿ·∫ß§å ‰¥â‡ªìπ·√ß∫—π¥“≈„®„Àâ·°àπ—°¥πµ√’∑âÕß∂‘Ëππ—∫µ—Èß·µà‡∏Õ¡“∂÷߇¡◊Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à„πªï æ.». 2514 ‘∫ªïÀ≈—ß®“°∑’ˇ∏լ⓬¡“‡¡◊Õ߉∑¬‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°°—∫ Õ—≈≈—π“¡’¢Õ߇∏Õ ¥â«¬æ◊Èπ∞“π¥â“π≈–§√‡æ≈ß®“°∫√Õ¥‡«¬å ¬Ÿ·∫ߧ剥âΩñ°Õπ π—°√âÕß·≈–π—°·¥ß∑—Èß∑’Ë·ºπ°¥πµ√’§√‘µ®—°√¢Õß∂“∫—π∑’˵àÕ¡“‰¥â°≈“¬‡ªìπ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ·≈–ºà“π∂“∫—π§√‘‡µ’¬ππ‘‡∑»—¡æ—π∏å¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ‡∏Õπ—∫πÿπ„Àâ¡’°“√„™â¥πµ√’‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“™π–§«“¡∑ÿææ≈¿“浓¡∂“∫—πµà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ∑’Ë∂“∫—π·¡§‡§π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√øóôπøŸ¿“æ ‚√߇√’¬πÕπ§πÀŸÀπ«°·≈–∫â“πæ—°∫ÿ§§≈∑ÿææ≈¿“æ¢Õß¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‡™‡™’¬√å π—°√âÕß∑’Ë¡’™◊ËÕ‡’¬ßÀ≈“¬§π¢Õ߇™’¬ß„À¡à„πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’ȉ¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¡“®“°¬Ÿ·∫ߧå
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 56
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 57
Dick Mann One of the first to help hill tribe villagers develop new crops to replace the
profitable opium they were growing, Dick Mann’s contributions to agricultural
development in the region have spanned nearly five decades. Arriving in
Thailand as a Baptist agricultural missionary in 1959, Mann established the
Center for Uplift of the Hill Tribes in Chiang Mai. His work with new crops
such as kidney beans, coffee, wheat, citrus, and potatoes was a forerunner
to the later work of the Royal Project Foundation. Mann assisted with the
first United Nations opium surveys in 1967 and 1970, joining the UN Fund for
Drug Abuse Control in 1972. Mann worked for the UN on crop replacement
and marketing projects for 20 years, continuing in retirement to assist with
programs to eliminate opium and opium addiction.
¥‘Í° ·¡ππå ¥‘Í° ·¡ππå ‡ªìπÀπ÷Ëß„π§π°≈ÿà¡·√°Ê ∑’˙૬™“«‡¢“æ—≤π“æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™„À¡àÊ ¢÷Èπ¡“„™â‡æ“–ª≈Ÿ°·∑πΩîòπ ÷Ëß√â“ߺ≈°”‰√¡“° º≈ß“π°“√æ—≤π“°“√‡°…µ√¢Õߥ‘Í° ·¡ππå„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ‡ªìπª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’È¡“‡°◊Õ∫µ≈Õ¥Àâ“∑»«√√… ‡¡◊ËÕ·¡ππ凥‘π∑“ß¡“∂÷ߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π∞“π–¡‘™™—ππ“√’π‘°“¬·∫ä∫µ‘µå¥â“π°“√‡°…µ√„πªï æ.». 2502 ‡¢“‰¥â°àÕµ—Èß Center for Uplift of the Hill Tribes „π®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à º≈ß“π°“√ª≈Ÿ°æ◊™‰√à„À¡àÊ ‡™àπ ∂—Ë«·¥ß °“·ø ¢â“«“≈’ â¡·≈–¡—πΩ√—Ëßπ—∫‡ªìπ°“√∫ÿ°‡∫‘°„Àâ·°àß“π¢Õß¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘‚§√ß°“√À≈«ß„π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“ ·¡ππ剥â™à«¬ß“π”√«®°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωîòπ§√—Èß·√°¢ÕßÀª√–™“™“µ‘„πªï æ.». 2510 ·≈– 2513 ·≈–‡¢â“√à«¡°Õß∑ÿπÀª√–™“™“µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¬“‡æµ‘¥ (UN Fund for Drug Abuse Control) „πªï æ.». 2515 ·¡ππå∑”ß“π„π‚§√ß°“√°“√ª≈Ÿ°·≈–®”Àπà“¬æ◊™∑¥·∑π¢ÕßÀª√–™“™“µ‘‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 20 ªï ·¡âÀ≈—߇°…’¬≥·≈â«°Á¬—ߙ૬ߓπ‚§√ß°“√µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥Ωîòπ·≈–°“√µ‘¥Ωîòπ
Americans Who Made a Difference
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 56
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 57™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—πºŸâ√—ß√√§å‘Ëß„À¡à
Rebecca Weldon Sithiwong As Curator at Chiang Rai’s Rai Mae Fa Luang, Rebecca Weldon Sithiwong
oversees a living, evolving collection of Lanna culture. Opened to the public
in 2003, the Mae Fah Luang Art and Cultural Park focuses on its role as a
sustainable museum that serves local people, especially children. After growing
up in Laos and working with textile cooperatives in Haiti and later in northeast
Thailand, Sithiwong settled with her husband in Chiang Rai in 1983, where she
opened the first travel agency and guesthouse and the first art gallery in the
town. She also established an AUA branch in Chiang Rai that offers English
classes and a small library along the lines of the parent institution in Bangkok
and a sister branch in Chiang Mai.
√’‡∫°°“ ‡«≈¥Õπ ‘∑∏‘«ß»å √’‡∫°°“ ‡«≈¥Õπ ‘∑∏‘«ß»å ‡ªìπ¿—≥±“√—°…å¢ÕßÕÿ∑¬“π»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ç‰√à·¡àøÑ“À≈«ßé ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß√“¬ ‚¥¬¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“»‘≈ª–«—µ∂ÿ¢Õß«—≤π∏√√¡≈â“ππ“ Õÿ∑¬“π»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ç·¡àøÑ“À≈«ßé ‡ªî¥∫√‘°“√·°à“∏“√≥™π„π æ.». 2546 ‡πâπ∫∑∫“∑¢Õßæ‘æ‘∏¿—≥±å·∫∫¬—Ë߬◊π∑’Ë„Àâ∫√‘°“√·°àª√–™“™π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¥Á°Ê √’‡∫°°“‡µ‘∫‚µ„πª√–‡∑»≈“« ∑”ß“π„Àâ°—∫À°√≥å‘ Ëß∑Õ„πª√–‡∑»‡Œµ‘ ·≈–µàÕ¡“„π¿“§µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õ߉∑¬ ‡∏Õµ— Èß√°√“°„π‡™’¬ß√“¬‡¡◊ËÕªï æ.». 2526 °—∫“¡’¢Õ߇∏Õ ‡∏Õ‡ªî¥”π—°ß“π∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·≈–∑’Ëæ—°·√¡·Ààß·√° √«¡∑—ÈßÀÕ»‘≈ªá·Ààß·√°¢Õ߇¡◊Õß πÕ°®“°π’È ‡∏Õ¬—߇ªìπºŸâ°àÕµ—Èß∂“∫—π Õπ¿“…“ ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ “¢“‡™’¬ß√“¬ ‡ªî¥ÕπÀ≈—°Ÿµ√¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–ÀâÕß¡ÿ¥ ¢π“¥‡≈Á°µ“¡·∫∫∂“∫—π ‡Õ ¬Ÿ ‡Õ „π°√ÿ߇∑æ·≈–“¢“„π‡™’¬ß„À¡à
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 58
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 59
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Pennsylvania, 1982. Wood, R.W. De Mortuis: the Story of the Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery. Chiang Mai, 4th edition, 1992™”π“≠ ·ß©“¬, »“π“®“√¬å. ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ (2004) 70 ªï·Ààßæ√–æ√ ¿“§√‘®—°√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ 1934-2004
¿“§√‘µ®—°√„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ √—µπ“ ∑Õß«—¥‘Ï, √Õß»“µ√“®“√¬å. (2546) æ—≤π“°“√欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ 80 ªï §≥–欓∫“≈»“µ√å
·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ (‚√߇√’¬π欓∫“≈º¥ÿߧ√√¿å·≈–Õπ“¡—¬·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§) æ.». 2466-2546 §≥–欓∫“≈»“µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ“¬—æ
«ß»å—°°å ≥ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à. ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ (2547). ¢—µµ‘¬π“√’»√’≈â“ππ“ ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘π«√“™¥”√‘Õπÿ√—°…åΩÉ“¬‡Àπ◊Õ Õ’ ´’ §Õ√å∑, 𓬷æ∑¬å. (2535) æ√–ª√–«—µ‘¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“∫√¡«ß»å‡∏Õ ‡®â“øÑ“¡À‘¥≈Õ¥ÿ≈‡¥™ °√¡À≈«ßߢ≈“
π§√‘π∑√å (𓬷æ∑¬å ¡À‘¥≈ ߢ≈“) ‚¥¬—߇¢ª æ‘¡æå´È”„πÀπ—ß◊Õ∑’Ë√–≈÷°„πæ‘∏’‡ªî¥µ÷° ç¡À‘¥≈é ‚√ß欓∫“≈·¡§§Õ√å¡‘§ «—π՗ߧ“√∑’Ë 17 ¡’π“§¡ æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ 2535
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 58
‡âπ¥â“¬Õ‡¡√‘°—π„πº◊πºâ“≈â“ππ“ §«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ¢ÕßÕ‡¡√‘°—π„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ.». 2410-2550 59
¬âÕπÕ¥’µ 110 ªï ·Ààß°“√∑”æ—π∏°‘®∫”∫—¥√—°…“ (1999). Àπ—ß◊Õ∑’Ë√–≈÷°„πæ‘∏’¡Õ∫∂«“¬·≈–‡ªî¥Õ“§“√ºŸâªÉ«¬ çµ÷°æ√–æ√é ©≈Õß 110 ªï ·Ààß°“√∑”æ—π∏°‘®∫”∫—¥√—°…“ 17 ¡°√“§¡ §√‘µ»—°√“™ 1999
Interviews and correspondence conducted by Brown University intern Cindy Beavon in June-July 2006 with: • Pong Tananone, McCormick Hospital Director • Dr. Tinnakorn Sathirapatya, McCormick Hospital Medical Director • Dr. Anusorn Kunanusorn, McKean Rehabilitation Center Director • Dr. Prathana Langkarpint, Dean of Faculty of Nursing, Payap University • Chayan Hiranpan, Director of Payap University Archives • Yuthachai Damrongmanee, PRC Vice Director for Student Affairs and Community Relations • Serin Jirakupt, PRC museum curator • Martha Butt, Payap University Senior Vice President for International Affairs • Somchote Ongsakul, Associate Professor, Chiang Mai University Faculty of Education • Nipa Totsparin, Dara Academy Chairperson Board of Directors • Bradit Namachai, Dara Academy Vice Chairperson Board of Directors • Wissuda Krasaechai, Assistant to Director, Community Relations, Dara Academy • Sanguan Chantalay, former staff member, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service • Vichai Kiyapathya, Assistant Director and Program Specialist, Narcotics Assistance Section, U.S. Embassy Bangkok • Peter Lange, Research Program Administrator, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES) • Sukhon Thepamnuay, U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Chiang Rai • Bruce Ross, Director, Thailand-Ministry of Public Health-U.S. CDC Collaboration
Photos courtesy of: Sirinuan Jiramaneemai, Khunying Vichantra Kochasenee Bunnak, Chao Wongsak Na Chiengmai, Sanguan Chantalay, Vichien Jiratikanchai, Plai-auw Thongsawat and private albums of the late Ruenkaew Dhammachai Khamboonrueng and the late Nimnuan Supawong. Also, Chiang Mai University Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), and Highland Research and Training Center as well as the PRC School Museum, McCormick Hospital, Payap University Archives, McKean Rehabilitation Center and Hospital, Centers for Disease Control, the White House, and the U.S. Consulate General Chiang Mai.
American Threads in the Lanna Fabric U.S. Involvement in Northern Thailand 1867-2007 60