Download - askisi doyI_01
-
11
. . . .
&
&
-
22
1:50.000 1:50.000
100100mm, ,
,,
. .
::
-
33
. .
..
1.1.
..
2.2.
..
3.3.
, ,
..
4.4.
..
5.5.
..
-
44
. .
..
1.1.
..
2.2.
..
3.3.
StralherStralher
HortonHorton
..
-
55
. .
::
VALENTINIVALENTINIMULLERMULLERISKOWSKIISKOWSKITURATURAZAZAGIANDOTTIGIANDOTTI ..
..
-
66
. .
::
MEYERMEYER PETERPETER MULLERMULLER
STINYSTINY HERCHEULIDZEHERCHEULIDZE
. .
. .
-
77
jj =0,085=0,085
oo =1260 =1260 mmmm// (( 1.000m)1.000m)
2424 hh =325mm/24=325mm/24 112mm/100m112mm/100m :: 60%, 60%, 20%, 20%, .. 2,2 tn/m2,2 tn/m33 dd =0,60m=0,60m 0,65m.0,65m. gg =10m/sec=10m/sec22 =19=19 =1.0tn/m=1.0tn/m33 BAZIN C (BAZIN C ( ).). ff =0,76=0,76
-
88
. .
..
-
99
1.1.
..
::
-
1010
2.
.
, ,
..
::
250 Km22
-
1111
:
:
FN
=
(Km2)UN
=
(Km)
N
N
UF
-
1212
:
32.450
FN
= 32,45 Km2.
.
: 2,195,2645,32 =
-
1313
3. 3.
, ,
..
: :
mm
= =
((mm))IIii
= =
((KmKm))HHii
= =
((mm))ii
= =
i
iim
)HI(H
=
-
1414
((
ii
))
((ii
)) ((
ii
))
((
ii
))700700 3,0803,080 2156,02156,0
800800 6,7106,710 5368,05368,0
900900 9,7359,735 8761,58761,5
10001000 14,35514,355 14355,014355,0
11001100 18,48018,480 20328,020328,0
12001200 18,81018,810 22572,022572,0
13001300 20,35020,350 26455,026455,0
14001400 22,55022,550 31570,031570,0
15001500 21,72521,725 32587,532587,5
16001600 22,05522,055 35288,035288,0
17001700 18,15018,150 30855,030855,0
18001800 11,05511,055 19899,019899,0
19001900 4,6204,620 8778,08778,0
20002000 0,7700,770 1540,01540,0
192,445192,445 260513260513
::
minmin
= 650= 650mm
HHmaxmax
==
2.0422.042mm..
mm
==
260513/192,445=260513/192,445=
1353,701353,70mm
-
1515
4. 4.
..
: :
JJmeme
= =
= =
((KmKm))
= =
((KmKm).).
FF
= =
((KmKm22).).
::
: :
FIJme
=
%30,5945,32
445,1921,0Jme ==
-
1616
5. 5.
..
::
::
LHH
Jm minmaxe=
%92,128900
6501800Jm e ==
-
1717
. .
..
11..
..
, ,
..
::
-
1818
2. 2.
..
nn
::
DDnn
::
n
nn F
)N(=
n
nn F
)L(D
=
-
1919
::
DDnn
-
2020
33. .
HortonHorton
StrahlerStrahler
..
HortonHorton
::
. .
, ,
. .
, ,
, ,
. .
,,
. .
, ,
..... .
, ,
. .
-
2121
StrahlerStrahler
::
. .
, ,
, ,
..... .
..
-
2222
((
HortonHorton) :) :
: (3,83+3+2)/3 = 2,94: (3,83+3+2)/3 = 2,94
TT
11 2323 20.42020.420 (1(1--2)2)3,833,83
22 66 14.82014.820 (2(2--3)3)3,003,00
33 22 8.1408.140 (3(3--4)4)2,002,00
44 11 8.9008.900
-
2323
::
HartelHartel::
= = 11
**22
**33
**44
::
11
, , 22
, , 33
, , 44
, ,
..
1. 1. 11
: :
2. 2. 22
: :
L (km)L (km) 0,200,20 0,300,30 0,400,40 10,010,0
11 0,900,90 0,850,85 0,800,80 0,450,45
100100 7575 5050 2525
22 0,60,6 0,70,7 0,80,8 0,90,9
-
2424
3. 3. 33
: :
4. 4. 44
: :
33 0,900,90 0,850,85 0,800,80
44 0,900,90 0,850,85 0,750,75 0,700,70
-
2525
::
LL
= 8.9 = 8.9 kmkm..
1 1
11
= 0.49.= 0.49.
60,0%, 60,0%,
22
22
= 0,76.= 0,76.
3 3
33
= 0,90.= 0,90.
4 4
44
= 0,90.= 0,90.
= 0,49*0,76*0,9*0,9 = 0,30= 0,49*0,76*0,9*0,9 = 0,30
-
2626
. .
::
1.1. VALENTINIVALENTINI::
: : mm33//sec Kmsec Km22
2.2. MULLERMULLER::
FF11
= =
FF22
= =
yy11
,,yy22
= =
::
F30q max =
27,545,32
30q max ==
,F
40yq3mmax
=F
yFyFy 2211m
+=
-
2727
::
::
QQmaxmax
= = qqmaxmax
* * FF
= 9,03*32,45= 293,02 = 9,03*32,45= 293,02 mm33//secsec
72,02,012,08,06,06,0ym =++=
903,045,32
472,0q3max
==
, , 0,40,4 0,60,6 0,80,8
0,20,2 0,40,4 0,60,6
, ,
0,10,1 0,20,2 0,40,4
-
2828
3.3.
ISZKOWSKIISZKOWSKI::
::
HH
= =
, ,
..ahah
= =
, ,
::
IVIV0,0300,030 0,0550,055
, , ..
0,0350,035 0,0500,050 0,1250,125
.. 0,04 0,04
0,050,05 0,082 0,082
0,140,14 0,155 0,155
0,290,29 0,40 0,40
0,550,55
0,06 0,06
0,080,08 0,16 0,16
0,210,21 0,36 0,36
0,600,60 0,60 0,60
0,800,80
Hmahq max =
-
2929
::
= =
, ,
..
= =
..= =
..IVIV= =
..mm
= =
F(kmF(km22):): 11 1010 2020 5050 100100 500500
m:m: 1010 9,59,5 9,09,0 7,957,95 7,407,40 5,905,90
-
3030
::
10001000mm
12601260mmmm//
112112mmmm/100/100mm..
HHmm
=1353,70=1353,70mm
::
( ) mm14,1656mm100112100070,1353mm1260H =
+=
-
3131
0,36< 0,36< hh
-
3232
4. 4. TURAZTURAZAA
::
::
= =
(())
= =
, ,
=2=2
tptp
= =
, ,
. (. (
tptp
= = tctc))tctc
= =
, ,
..
ttcc
tctc
(())
ct+=
p
p
th
FK11,57 Qmax
24't
t cc=
Z8,0L5,1F4't c+=
-
3333
LL
= =
((kmkm))
= =
((mm))hphp
= =
tptp
((mm))
aa
::
hh
= =
24 24
((mmmm))
tptp
= =
tptp
..
1000'hh p =
pp 't't72aa'h
=
27,3ha =
-
3434
::
FF =32,45 =32,45 KmKm22 =0,3=0,3 =2=2 ::
::
706,165070,13508,0
9,85,145,324' =
+=Tc
071,024706,1
24' === cc tt
-
3535
tctc
==
ttcc
==
0,0710,071
::
::
mm33
/ / secsec29,152071,0071,0
096,045,3223,057,11 =+=Q
mh 096,01000
'h p ==
39,9927,3
32527,3
=== ha
mmttaah pp 314,96706,1706,17239,9939,99''
72' =
=
=
-
3636
5. 5. GIANDOTTIGIANDOTTI
::
::PP
= =
tctc' (' (mmmm))
hh
= =
2424
((mmmm))tctc
= =
(())
LL
= =
((kmkm))
= =
((mm))
cmax 't
FP277,0Q =
24't
hP c=
Z8,0L5,1F4't c+=
-
3737
::
FF
==
32,45 Km32,45 Km22
tctc
= 1,706 (= 1,706 ())
mm33//secsec
mmP 67,8624706,1325 ==
55,456706,1
45,3265,86277,0max ==Q
-
3838
5. 5.
::
Manning Manning
StricklerStrickler::
ManningManning
StricklerStrickler
..
::
UU
= = KKRR2/32/3
JJ1/21/2: :
UU
= =
((mm//secsec))RR
= =
= (= (mm))
ff
= =
((mm22))VV
= =
((mm))
JJ
= =
= =
: : QmaxQmax
= = FFUU
-
3939
::
jj
=0,086=0,086
1:1001:100
-
4040
mVFR 455,2
7,1641 ===
.
:
f = 41m2 V = a+b+c=5,3+5,9+5,5=16,7m
-
4141
maxQ = 286,45 m3/sec
Manning
Strickler
:
Um
= K
R2/3
J1/2
= 1,92,4552/30,0861/2 = 10,14 m/sec
:
Q
=
FU
=
4110,14
=
415,74 m3/sec
:
-
4242
. .
1. MEYER
PETER
MULLER
:
G =gv b: b
(m)
gv
:
=
1''047,025 2341
s
sms
r
mw
sv djk
Ug
: s =
(tn/m3)gw
=
(tn/m3)
Um= (m/sec)
-
4343
j
=
s
=
(tn/m3),
:
s
= S w
dm
=
()
(m).
:
Kr
=
,
.
690
26d
kr =
-
4444
:
( )
.
(
)
90%
(d90
).
:
= d90
= (2,3
3)
dmd
d
-
4545
31,2860,0
266
==rk
:
:
w = 1 tn /m3 s = 2,2 tn / m3 s = s - w = 1,1 tn / m Manning Strickler : Um = 10,14 m / sec
d90= 0,60 m
j = 12,92 %
:
mddm 6,23,2
60,03,290 ===
-
4646
A
:
43,212,2
2,2)26,0(1,1047,01292,031,284,101
2,225 2341 =
=vg
:
G = gv
b
b
.
b = 6m.
:
G=2,43
6 = 14,58 m3
/sec
-
4747
2.STINY
HERHEULIDZE
:
( ) QPYmPG
nn
n =
100:
G =
(m3/sec)
Q =
(m3/sec)
Pn
=
%
:
% Pn
(%)
5-15 2016-25 2526-35 3036-40 35
-
4848
yn
=
.
1,5()
2,6 (
)m
=
:
m
I
1,30
II
1,00
III
0,80
IV
0,60
-
4949
:
59,30% .
Pn
=40%
m =1,3
Yn = 2,2tn ( ) Q = 286,45 m3 /sec
m3
/sec( ) 84,11245,286401002,23,140 =
=G
-
5050
.
.
:
,
w
=
(Kg/m3)
=
(Kg/m3)n =
G=
(m3/sec)Q=
(m3/sec)
:
( )ww wnK +=
QGn =
05,045,286
58,14 ==n
( ) 94,012,205,011 =+=K
-
5151
.
.
:1.
THIERY:
:
Rcbdja
= 21001000
: d
=
b
=
(m)
R
=
c
=
Bazin
:
,
RRc +=
87
-
5252
0,06
, ,
0,16 0,30
0,46
0,85
1,60
, , ...1,75
2,1-2,3
-
5353
c,
=1,75.
R
=2,455m.
:
Thiery
:
1,41455,2
455,287 =+= c
%19,0455,21,41
65,0100
100020002 =
=aj
-
5454
2.
VALENTINI
:
Rbsja =
: s
=
0,093 0,871
b
=
R
=
:
: s
=0,093
b =0,65 m
R
=2,455m
Valentini
:
46,2455,265,0093,0 ==aj
-
5555
3.
BERNARD
:
:
b
=
f
=
d
=
=
k
=
c
=
Bazin
R
=
Rckdfbja = 2203,0
)(
-
5656
:
:
b= 0,65 f=0,76
d=2200kgr/m3
=1000 kgr/m3
k=0,94
c=41,1
R=2,455
Bernard
:
%51,0455,21,4194,0100003,0)10002200(76,065,0
22 ==aj
-
5757
4.
:
: dm
=
(m)Qmax
=
(m3/sec)B =
(m)
e =
gv
=
(m3/sec m)
vgma e
BQdj
= 385,077,0
max
16,1
18,1
-
5858
:
Meyer
Peter
Muller
dm
= 0,26m
gv
= 2,43 m3/sec
.
Qmax
= 286,45 m3/sec
= 6m
e
=
2,7183
: %21,3
645,286
26,018,1 43,2385,077,0
16,1
=
= eja
-
5959
1.
gv
=0 .
:
:
77,0max
16,1
18,1min
=
BQdj ma
%26,1
645,286
26,018,1 77,0
16,1
=
=aj
-
6060
2.
MULLER
(
)
:
3/2max
17,0min
BQdj ma
:
%34,0
645,286
26,017,0 3/2min =
=aj
. .. .. . Slide Number 7Slide Number 92. .Slide Number 11Slide Number 123. , .Slide Number 144. .5. .. .2. .Slide Number 193. Horton Strahler .Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25. Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41. Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48Slide Number 49Slide Number 50Slide Number 51Slide Number 52Slide Number 53Slide Number 54Slide Number 55Slide Number 56Slide Number 57Slide Number 58Slide Number 59Slide Number 60