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Whats up, students? E a,
alunos?
Are the studies going smoothly? Os estudos esto
andando suavemente?
Vejamos o planejamento para a aula de hoje:
Aula 01: Conectivos (Conjunes e Marcadores do discurso).Advrbios.
Provas: AuditorCGE/MAFGV - 2014
PEB II - Lngua Inglesa - SEE/SPFGV2013Parte 1
With loads of enthusiasm, lets start todays topic.
Com muito entusiasmo, vamos comear o tpico de hoje.
ORIENTAO DE ESTUDOS
Turma, preciso orient-los sobre a forma de estudar a aula de hoje. Ambos os tpicos
de gramtica demandam mais decoreba do que compreenso. As listas de conectivos e
advrbios so extensas!
Minha dica de estudo : no tentem decorar de vez. Diluam entre a data de hoje e a
prova. Memorizem um pouquinho por dia. E a dica principal: procure-os no texto.Grifem todos. Quando eles esto contextualizados, a decoreba se torna mais leve e
eficiente.
Os assuntos de hoje so muitssimo abordados em prova e super fundamentais para ainterpretao do texto.
Ateno aula e reviso constante do tema, ok?
Contedo
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CONECTIVOS .............................................................................................................................................. 3
MEMOREXCONECTIVOS ..................................................................................................................... 6
ADVRBIOS ............................................................................................................................................... 10
MEMOREX - ADVRBIOS ...................................................................................................................... 11
PROVA 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 13
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 19
PROVA 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 25
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 30
REPORTAGEM .......................................................................................................................................... 41
TRADUO ........................................................................................................................................... 43
VOCABULRIO DA AULA ...................................................................................................................... 45
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CONECTIVOS
Quando falamos em CONECTIVOS, estamos nos referindo s CONJUNES e aos
MARCADORES DE DISCURSO.
Conjunes- Palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam 2 termos em uma mesma orao
ou que ligam 2 oraes.
Em ingls, as conjunes dividem-se em 3 grupos:
Coordenativas
Subordinativas
Correlativas
Conjunes coordenativas: ligam 2 palavras ou 2 oraes independentes.
So elas:
And e
But mas, porm, entretanto
For pois, como, desde que, visto que
Nor nem, tambm no
Or ou, seno
So para que, de maneira que
Yet contudo, porm, mas
Exemplos:
She took a vacation and enjoyed it a lot. Ela tirou frias
e aproveitou muito.
They tried but failed.
Eles tentaram, mas falharam.
Not a house nor a building was left standing.
Nem uma casa nem um prdio foram deixados em p.
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I spent a lot of money so you could have a good education.
Eu gastei muito dinheiro para que voc pudesse ter uma boa educao.
Conjunes subordinativas: ligam uma orao subordinada a uma orao principal.
Vejam alguns exemplos:
After depois que, logo que
Although embora, apesar de
As como, conforme, enquanto
As if como se
As long as desde que
Because porque
Before antes
Even if mesmo se
If se
Since uma vez que, j que
Unless a menos que
Until at que
When quando
Where onde
Whenever sempre que
Wherever onde quer
While enquanto, embora, ao passo que
Exemplos:
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Unless they study hard, they will not pass the test.
A menos que eles estudem muito, eles no passaro no teste.
Joana is late, although she left her house very early.
Joana est atrasada, embora tenha sado de casa muito cedo.
Since the employee is intelligent, he will know how to proceed.
Uma vez que o empregado inteligente, ele saber como proceder.
Conjunes correlativas: Conectam partes da sentena de estrutura e importnciasimilares. As conjunes correlativas so uma subcategoria das conjunes
coordenadas. Elas so formadas por duas conjunes. Observe:
As... as como... como
Both... and ambos... e, tanto quanto
Either... or ou... ou
Neither... nor nem... nem
Not... but no... mas
Not only... but also no apenas... mas tambm
Whether... or quer... quer
Exemplos:
Both Maria and Jos went to the party.
Tanto Maria quanto Jos foram festa.
Neither Pedro nor Joo studied enough for the test.
Nem Pedro, nem Joo estudaram o suficiente para a prova.
Whether you like it or not, I will travel tomorrow.
Quer voc goste quer no, eu viajarei amanh.
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Marcadores de discurso- Palavras ou grupos de palavras que ligam frases a frases e
pargrafos a pargrafos.
Para adiantar a vida de todos, afinal, a prova est batendo s portas, disponibilizo uma
lista com os conectivos mais usados.
MEMOREXCONECTIVOS
Adio
again novamente
also tambm
and e
as well as bem como
besides that alm disso
further mais
furthermore alm disso in addition em adio, alm
moreover alm disso
not only... but also no apenas... mas tambm
Causa / Motivo
as a result of como resultado de because porque
due to devido a, em virtude de since desde que, j que
Concesso
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after all afinal de contas although embora
and yet e ainda
at the same time ao mesmo tempo
Concluso
after all afinal de contas at last por ltimo
finally finalmente
in conclusion em concluso in sum em suma
in summary em resumotherefore portanto
to conclude para concluir to summarize para resumir
Concordncia
according to (in accordance with) conforme, de acordo com
Condio / Hiptese
If se
supposing that supondo que
unless
whether
a menos que se
Contraste
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Although but
despite evensohowever
in spite of
nevertheless / nonetheless on theother handstill
unlike while
embora mas
apesar de
mesmo assim
contudo apesar
de apesar disso
por outro lado
ainda diferente
de enquanto
nfase
Actually
as a matter of fact
especially indeed in
fact in particular
mainly
na realidade
como alis
especialmente de
fato na verdade
em particular
principalmente
Exceo
Otherwise unlesscaso contrrio a
menos que
Exemplificando
for example (for instance) such aspor exemplo tais
como
Introduo
first of all in the
first place to begin
with
antes de tudo em
primeiro lugar para
comear
Propsito
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in order to so
that
a fim de que
com a finalidade de, a fim de que
Referncia
concerning considering
regarding to
a respeito de
considerando com
referncia a
Resultado / Consequncia
accordingly as aresult because ofthis consequentlyfor this reasonhence in
view of so
(that)
therefore
this way
thus
de acordo com comoresultadodevido a isso
consequentemente por esta
razo por isso tendo em
vista assim, de maneira que
portanto desta forma,
assim assim
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ADVRBIOS
Conceito:Palavra invarivel que modifica o sentido de um verbo, de um adjetivo, ou deoutro advrbio, exprimindo uma circunstncia.
REFRESH DO PORTUGUS
Ok... mas quem no muito amante da lngua ptria, pode estar se sentindo no mesmo lugardepois dessa definio. Vamos ento exemplificar:
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO UM VERBO
Ex: Eles caminharam calmamente at a sala da de aula.
Calmamente, advrbio de modo, modifica o verbo caminhar.
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO UM ADJETIVO
Ex: Os exerccios eram bastante complexos.Bastante, advrbio de intensidade, modifica o adjetivo complexos.
ADVRBIO MODIFICANDO OUTRO ADVRBIO
Ex: Ns chegamos muito tarde.
Muito, advrbio de intensidade, modifica o advrbio de tempo tarde.
Deu para lembrar e entender do que trataremos nessa parte da aula?
All right, lets continue...
Tudo certo, vamos continuar...
Vamos ao quadro-resumo dos advrbios que mais aparecem em provas.
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MEMOREX - ADVRBIOS
Afirmao Tempo
certainly
indeedobviouslysurely yes
certamente sem
dvida obviamente
certamente
sim
after alreadyalwaysduringearly finallyformerlyimmediately last
late
lately laternever next now
presentlyrecently
shortlysoon still
thentoday tomorrow
when
yesterday
depois
j
sempre durantecedo finalmenteoutroraimediatamente
ltimo tardeultimamente maistarde, depoisnunca prximo
agora dentroem
pouco
recentemente em
breve brevemente
ainda ento hoje
amanh quando
ontem
Dvida
maybeperhapspossibly
possivelmente talvez
possivelmente
Ordem
firstly
secondlythirdly
primeiramente em
segundolugar emterceirolugar
Negao
no, not no
Intensidade
completely
enoughentirelyequallyexactlygreatly largely little
much
completamente
bastanteinteiramenteigualmenteexatamentegrandementegrandemente pouco
Modo
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nearlypretty quiteratherslightlysufficientlythroughly too
utterly very
muito quasebastantecompletamente
bastanteligeiramentesuficientementecompletamentedemasiadamentetotalmente muito
badly mal
businesswise emrelaoanegciofast rapidamente hardly duramentemoneywise emrelaoadinheiro poorly
deficientemente,insuficientemente quicklyrapidamente reluctantlyrelutantemente slowly lentamentesteadily firmemente successfullycomsucesso suddenly subitamente, derepente
well bem
Lugar Frequncia
above
abroad anywherearound
beloweverywhere far
here nearnowherethere where
emcima no exterior
emqualquerparte aoredor abaixo emtodaaparte longe aqui
perto empartealgumal
onde
daily diariamente monthly mensalmente
yearly anualmente
always
usually, generally, normally
often, frequently, regularly sometimes,occasionally
hardly ever, rarely, seldom never
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PROVA 1Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
Banco de provas
PROVA
CGE/MACargo: Auditor
Ano: 2014
Text 1 Technology:
A Blessing or a Curse During the Audit?
The pace of technology change continues to move at what seems to be nearly the speed
of light and shows no real signs of slowing down. What is considered a new technologytoday is old technology tomorrow. In contrast to the speed of change in technology,
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consider the speed of change in the audit world. Unfortunately, audit processes andapproaches have not changed in what seems to be light years.
Many firms jumped on the technology bandwagon over the past several years butfrequently question their return on investment through enhanced efficiency and
improved audit effectiveness. Bill Gates is quoted at stating, The first rule of any
technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will
magnify the efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operation
will magnify the inefficiency. Unfortunately, many firms unknowingly followed Mr.
Gates second rule and have applied technology to inefficient processes. The end result
has been minimal improvement in efficiency and effectiveness, at best. While many
firms wanted their technology investment to be a blessing, it just hasnt turned out that
way. The good news is that it is not too late. You can turn the tide and have technology
utilization become a tremendous asset in your audit process.
(adapted from http://www.kscpa.org/writable/files/Anderson
AuditExpress/technologyblessingorcurse.pdf)
26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n):
(A) doubt.
(B) addition.
(C) certainty.
(D) emphasis.
(E)
conclusion.
27 The change that the writer refers to in the first paragraph is:
(A) random.
(B) gradual.
(C) subtle.
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(D) slow.
(E) fast.
28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used:
(A) carelessly.
(B) consciously.
(C) negligently.
(D)
inattentively.
(E) indiscriminately.
Read text 2 and answer questions 29 to 32:
Text 2
The Challenges Facing Government AuditorsFriday, 26 July, 2013 14:57
Written by Joe Crampton
When it comes to the pressure of successfully identifying, anticipating and dealing with
risks, few auditors shoulder as much burden as those who work with the government.As the Institute of Internal Auditors' Richard Chambers wrote in his recent blog, these
professionals deal with career-threatening political risks on a daily basis that many
private sector auditors could never comprehend.Internal auditors play a pivotal role in the relationship between the government and
citizens. It's up to auditors to set the appropriate controls to manage federal programs
and also to provide insight into the effectiveness and the soundness of the government's
inner workings. Put simply, auditors are key to ensuring the public's trust in their
government is well-founded and not abused.
(from http://www.resolvergrc.com/blog/ the-challenges-facing-governmentauditors/)
29 The title of Text 2 implies that government auditors may:
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(A) work on quite easy tasks.
(B)
not take unnecessary risks.
(C) meet some difficult issues.
(D) trust their political leaders.
(E) have to change their career.
30 Read the statements below and mark them as true (T) or false (F):
( ) Government auditors work less than other auditors.
( ) The work of government auditors is more demanding.
( ) Private sector auditors feel as much pressure as other auditors.
The statements are, respectively:
(A) FTF
(B) TFT (C) FF
T
(D) TTF
(E) FTT
31 When the author qualifies the role of auditors as pivotal, he means it is:
(A) peripheral. (B)
dangerous.
(C) traditional.
(D)
modern.(E) central.
32 The phrase that can replace Put simply without change in meaning is:
(A) On the contrary.
(B) In other words.
(C)
To begin with.
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(D) As soon as.
(E) In spite of.
Read text 3 and answer questions 33 to 35:
Text 3
The Future of Auditing
The past financial crisis that many economies all over the world experienced prompted
a renewed interest in the role and importance of auditing. The future of auditing will
therefore be closely tied to the continuous ripples of effects that the world is stillexperiencing due to the financial crisis. However, it is to be expected that this industry
would continue to grow in prevalence in the business world.
Now, more and more companies are realising that the audit and assurance professions
are vital to an organisation. In fact, many companies who, in the past, did not conduct
audits now find the need to do so. They are realising the need to go back to the basicmanagement principles so they can identify problematic management practices and
rectify them; audit plays a key role in this as only a true and effective audit can conducteffective fraud detection and risk management procedures within a company. Firms are
thus advised to staff an internal audit department or to outsource audit work to
specialist providers just to meet its auditing requirements.
(fromhttp://www.careersinaudit.com/article/the-future-of-auditing/)
33 According to the text, interest in auditing has increased due to:
(A) management principles.
(B) poor professionalism.
(C) business intelligence.
(D) economic problems.
(E) statistical methods.
34 Read the following sentences:
I.
Auditors have found risk detection too problematic to be conducted.II. Many companies are becoming aware of the need for auditing.
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III. All the firms that never audited do not see the need for it now. IV. Auditinghas turned into a main issue in management practice.
Indicate the sentences which are in line with the points raised in Text 3.
(A) I and II.
(B) I and III.
(C) II and IV.
(D) II and III.
(E) I and IV.
35 When the author states that Firms are thus advised to staff an internal audit
department or to outsource audit work to specialist providers this means this
instruction:
(A) can be harmful.
(B) has to be fulfilled.
(C) will be detrimental.
(D) should be followed.
(E)
must be disregarded.
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TRADUO
Text 1 Technology:
Texto 1 Tecnologia:
A Blessing or a Curse During the Audit?
Uma bno ou uma maldio durante a auditoria?
The pace of technology change continues to move at what seems to be nearly the speed
of light and shows no real signs of slowing down. What is considered a new technology
today is old technology tomorrow. In contrast to the speed of change in technology,
consider the speed of change in the audit world. Unfortunately, audit processes andapproaches have not changed in what seems to be light years.
O ritmo da mudana tecnolgica continua a se mover no que parece ser quase a
velocidade da luz e no mostra sinais reais de desacelerao. O que considerado uma
nova tecnologia de hoje tecnologia velha amanh. Em contraste com a velocidade da
mudana na tecnologia, considere a velocidade das mudanas no mundo da auditoria.Infelizmente, os processos de auditoria e abordagens no mudaram no que parecem ser
anos-luz.
Many firms jumped on the technology bandwagon over the past several years but
frequently question their return on investment through enhanced efficiency and
improved audit effectiveness. Bill Gates is quoted at stating, The first rule of anytechnology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will
magnify the efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operationwill magnify the inefficiency. Unfortunately, many firms unknowingly followed Mr.
Gates second rule and have applied technology to inefficient processes. The end resulthas been minimal improvement in efficiency and effectiveness, at best. While many
firms wanted their technology investment to be a blessing, it just hasnt turned out that
way. The good news is that it is not too late. You can turn the tide and have technologyutilization become a tremendous asset in your audit process.
Muitas empresas entraram na onda da tecnologia ao longo dos ltimos anos, mas
frequentemente questionam o retorno do investimento atravs de uma maior eficinciae aperfeioada eficcia da auditoria. Bill Gates citado a afirmar, "A primeira regra de
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qualquer tecnologia usada em um negcio que a automao aplicada a uma operao
eficiente ir ampliar a eficincia. A segunda que a automao aplicada a uma operao
ineficiente, engrandecer a ineficincia. "Infelizmente, muitas empresas, sem saber,
seguiram a segunda regra do senhor Gates e aplicaram a tecnologia a processos
ineficientes. O resultado final foi a melhoria mnima na eficincia e eficcia, na melhordas hipteses. Embora muitas empresas quisessem que seu investimento em tecnologia
fosse uma bno, no foi bem assim que aconteceu. A boa notcia que no tarde
demais. Voc pode virar o jogo e tornar a utilizao da tecnologia um tremendo ativo
em seu processo de auditoria.
(adapted from http://www.kscpa.org/writable/files/Anderson
AuditExpress/technologyblessingorcurse.pdf)
26 The title of Text 1 presents a(n): O ttulo do Texto
1 apresenta um (a):
(A) doubt. dvida.
(B) addition. adio.
(C) certainty.
certeza.
(D) emphasis.
nfase.
(E) conclusion.
concluso.
O ttulo uma pergunta. Logo, transmite a ideia de dvida (doubt). Letra A.
27 The change that the writer refers to in the first paragraph is:
A mudana a que o escritor se refere no primeiro pargrafo :
(A)random. aleatria.
(B)gradual. gradual.
(C)subtle. sutil.
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(D)slow. devagar.
(E)fast. rpida.
Se a velocidade da mudana (speed of change) da auditoria (audit) medida em anos-luz (lightyears), devemos entender que devagar, lenta (slow).
Para reforar, segue o significado de light years de acordo com o dicionrio MacMillan:
Um longo caminho em tempo, distncia ou qualidade
Letra D.
28 According to the author, technology can be useful to auditing if it is used:De acordo com o autor, a tecnologia pode ser til para auditoria, se for utilizada:
(A)carelessly. descuidadamente.
(B)consciously. conscientemente.
(C)
negligently. negligentemente.
(D)inattentively. distraidamente.
(E)indiscriminately. indiscriminadamente.
Todas as alternativas tm conotao negativa, exceto a letra B. Alm disso, o texto nos informaque a automao aplicada (applied) a uma operao eficiente (efficient operation) ir ampliar
(magnify) a eficincia (efficiency), mas que o contrrio tambm ocorre. Assim, devemos
entender que tecnologia pode ser til (useful) para auditoria (auditing) se for utilizada (used)
conscientemente (consciously).
Ateno ao sufixoly que aparece em todas as assertivas. Ele corresponde ao sufixo mente
em Portugus.
Read text 2 and answer questions 29 to 32:
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Leia o texto 2 e responda s perguntas 29 a 32:
Text 2
Texto 2
The Challenges Facing Government Auditors
Os desafios enfrentados pelos auditores do governoFriday, 26 July, 2013 14:57
Written by Joe Crampton
When it comes to the pressure of successfully identifying, anticipating and dealing with
risks, few auditors shoulder as much burden as those who work with the government.As the Institute of Internal Auditors' Richard Chambers wrote in his recent blog, these
professionals deal with career-threatening political risks on a daily basis that manyprivate sector auditors could never comprehend.
Quando se trata da presso de identificar com sucesso, antecipar e lidar com os riscos,poucos auditores tm tanto peso nos ombros quanto os que trabalham com o governo.
Como o Instituto de Auditores Internos Richard Chambers escreveu em seu recente blog,
esses profissionais lidam riscos polticos que ameaam a carreira diariamente quemuitos auditores do setor privado jamais poderiam compreender.
Internal auditors play a pivotal role in the relationship between the government and
citizens. It's up to auditors to set the appropriate controls to manage federal programs
and also to provide insight into the effectiveness and the soundness of the government's
inner workings. Put simply, auditors are key to ensuring the public's trust in their
government is well-founded and not abused.
Os auditores internos desempenham um papel crucial na relao entre o governo e os
cidados. Cabe aos auditores definir os controles apropriados para gerenciar programas
federais e tambm para fornecer informaes sobre a eficcia e a solidez do
funcionamento interno do governo. Simplificando, os auditores so fundamentais para
garantir que a confiana do pblico no seu governo seja bem fundamentada e no
abusada.
(from http://www.resolvergrc.com/blog/ the-challenges-facing-governmentauditors/)
29 The title of Text 2 implies that government auditors may:
O ttulo do Texto 2 sugere que os auditores governamentais podem:
(A)work on quite easy tasks. trabalhar em tarefas
muito fceis.
(B)
not take unnecessary risks. no correr riscosdesnecessrios.
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(C)meet some difficult issues. encontraralgumas questes difceis.
(D)trust their political leaders. confiar em seus
lderes polticos.
(E)have to change their career. ter que mudarsuas carreiras.
The Challenges Facing Government Auditors
Os desafios enfrentados pelos auditores do governo
Se os auditores do governo (government auditors) esto enfrentando (facing) desafios
(challenges), podemos entender que eles podem encontrar (may meet) algumas (some)
questes difceis (difficult issues). Letra C.
30 Read the statements below and mark them as true (T) or false (F):
Leia as declaraes abaixo e marque-as como verdadeiras (T) ou falsas (F):
( ) Government auditors work less than other auditors.
Os auditores do governo trabalham menos do que outros auditores.
( ) The work of government auditors is more demanding.
O trabalho dos auditores do governo mais exigente.
( ) Private sector auditors feel as much pressure as other auditors. Os auditores do setor
privado sentem tanta presso quanto os outros auditores.
The statements are, respectively:
As declaraes so, respectivamente:
(A) FTF
(B) TFT (C) F
FT
(D) TTF
(E) FTT
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Item 1F. Extrapolao. O autor no compara quais auditores trabalham mais (more) ou menos
(less). Apenas compara a presso e riscos que suportam.
Item 2V. Tanto que o autor diz que poucos so os auditores que suportam tanto peso nosombros (shoulder as much burden) quanto os auditores que trabalham com o governo (auditors
who work with the government). Alm disso, o texto nos informa que eles lidam (deal) com
riscos (risks) diariamente (on a daily basis) que muitos auditores do setor privado (many private
sector auditors) jamais poderiam compreender (could never comprehend). Logo, o trabalho dos
auditores que trabalham com o governo mais exigente (more demanding).
Item 3F. Contradio. Levando em conta a explicao do item 2, devemos entender que os
auditores do setor privado sentem menos presso do que e no tanta presso quanto (asmuch pressure as ) - outros auditores.
31 When the author qualifies the role of auditors as pivotal, he means it is:
Quando o autor qualifica o papel dos auditores como "pivotal", ele quer dizer :
(A) peripheral. perifrico.
(B) dangerous. perigoso.
(C)
traditional.tradicional.
(D) modern. moderno.
(E) central. central.
Vejam como o dicionrio Michaelis define PIVOTAL: fundamental, essencial, central, bsico.
Letra E.
32 The phrase that can replace Put simply without change in meaning is:
A locuo que pode substituir "Put simply" sem mudana de sentido :
(A) On the contrary.
Pelo contrrio.
(B) In other words.
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Em outras palavras.
(C) To begin with.
Para comear.
(D) As soon as.
Assim que.
(E) In spite of.
Apesar de.
A locuo put simply (simplificando) nos transmite a ideia de explicao e de sntese - o
mesmo sentido que carrega a frase in other words (em outras palavras). Letra B.
PROVA 2Sugiro que imprimam a prova toda e criem o banco de provas
Banco de provas
PROVA
SEE/SPCargo: PEB IILngua Inglesa
Ano: 2014
Read text I and answer questions 41 to 55:
Text I
Technology for children in the classroom
Attitudes to technology
Many people are afraid of new technology, and, with the increasing presence of the
Internet and computers, the term technophobe has appeared to refer to those of uswho might be wary of these new
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05 developments. More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer tosomeone who grows up using technology, and who therefore feels comfortable and
confident with ittypically todays children. Their parents, on the other hand, tend to
be digital immigrants, who have come late to the world of technology, if at all.
10 In many cases, teachers are the digital immigrants and our younger students are thedigital natives.
What about you? How confident do you feel about using the Internet and computers?Although there is a tendency to call computer users either technophobes or
technogeeks (a term for a technology
15 enthusiast), the truth is that most of us probably fall somewhere between the two
extremes.
Technology and young learners
Modern technologies are very powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful
genetic biases we have the preference for
20 visually presented information. Television, movies, videos, and most computer programs
are very visually oriented and therefore attract and maintain the attention of youngchildren.
The problem with this is that many of the modern technologies are very passive. Because
of this they do not provide children with the25 quality and quantity of crucial emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences they
require when they are young.
On the other hand, there are many positive qualities to modern technologies. Thetechnologies that benefit young children the greatest are those that are interactive and
allow the child to develop 30 their curiosity, problem solving and independent thinking skills.
Computers allow interaction. Children can control the pace and activity and make things
happen on computers. They can also repeat an activity again and again if they choose.
In practice, computers supplement and do not replace highly valued early childhood35 activities and materials, such as art, blocks, sand, water, books, exploration with writing
materials, and dramatic play. Research indicates that computers can be used indevelopmentally appropriate ways beneficial to children and also can be misused, just
as any tool can. Developmentally appropriate software offers opportunities for
40 collaborative play, learning, and creation. Educators must use professional judgment in
evaluating and using this learning tool appropriately, applying the same criteria they
would to any other learning tool or experience.
Char Soucy (a primary school teacher) mentions: "Reading books,
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45 handling real books, learning to take care of books, turning pages, and interacting withhuman beings about literature are still vital for learning to read." There are electronic
books, but they are really not the same thing as real books. There must be a balance
between the two. Computers are highly motivating to today's students, who come
50 to school with plenty of visual stimulation from TV, video games, and other technologicalsources, but it is not a good idea to go all electronic or to let technology replace what
teachers have done for a long time with learning how to read or write.
(Retrieved and adapted from http://pearsonclassroomlink.com /articles/0711/0711_0102.htm on June 10th, 2014)
41 In relation to the use of technology in the classroom as presented in the text, mark
the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Children tend to be more at ease with it than adults.
( ) Not all technologies promote student interaction.
( ) Everybody is eager to deal with new technology.
The statements are, respectively,
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, F and T. (C) F, T
and F.
(D) F, T and T.
(E) T, T and F.
42 The label digital natives has been used to define people who
(A) can only learn how to use the Internet slowly.
(B) learned how to work with computers at a late stage.
(C) need no instructions on how to use new technology.
(D) have access to technological developments in school.
(E) have been dealing with computers from an early age.
43 When one says that people are afraid (line 2) they mean they are
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(A) scared.
(B) sure. (C)cool.
(D)
bold.
(E) brave.
44 As regards the authors opinion, analyse the assertions below:
I. Computers will replace all other materials in the future.
II. Electronic books are much more effective than paper books.
III.
New technology should be evaluated like any other pedagogical tool.
Choose the correct answer.
(A) Only I is correct.
(B) Only III is correct.
(C) Both I and II are correct.
(D) Both I and III are correct.
(E) All three assertions are correct.
45 The question that is answered by the sentence Modern technologies are very
powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful genetic biases we have (lines
18 and 19) is
(A) How did technology become powerful?
(B) Whose genetic biases are very powerful?
(C) When did technology become powerful?
(D)
Who thinks genetic biases are powerful?
(E) Why are modern technologies powerful?
46 The plural of child is children. All the options below offer correct forms except
for
(A) toetoes.
(B) footfeet.
(C)
nosenoses.
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(D) toothtooths.
(E) mouthmouths.
47 The opposite of many in Many people are afraid (line
2) is
(A) some.
(B) little.
(C) most.
(D) less.
(E) few.
48 The term parents in Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital
immigrants (lines 8 and 9) corresponds to the childrens
(A) aunt and uncle.
(B) brother and sister.
(C) father and mother.
(D) niece and nephew.
(E) relatives and cousins.
49 The answer to the question How confident do you feel about using the Internet and
computers? (lines 12 and 13) will necessarily involve a
(A) time.
(B) place.
(C) degree.
(D) greeting.
(E) compliment.
50 The underlined word in using this learning tool (line 41) is a(n)
(A) verb.
(B) noun.
(C) adverb.
(D) adjective.
(E) preposition.
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TRADUO
Read text I and answer questions 41 to 55:
Leia o texto e responda s perguntas 41 a 55:
Text I
Texto I
Technology for children in the classroom
Tecnologia para as crianas na sala de aula
Attitudes to technology
Atitudes face tecnologia
Technology for children in the classroom
Attitudes to technology
Many people are afraid of new technology, and, with the increasing presence of the
Internet and computers, the term technophobe has appeared to refer to those of uswho might be wary of these new
05 developments. More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer tosomeone who grows up using technology, and who therefore feels comfortable and
confident with ittypically todays children. Their parents, on the other hand, tend tobe digital immigrants, who have come late to the world of technology, if at all.
10 In many cases, teachers are the digital immigrants and our younger students are thedigital natives.
Muitas pessoas tm medo de novas tecnologias, e, com a presena crescente da Internet
e computadores, o termo tecnofbico apareceu para se referir queles de ns que
podem ser desconfiados diante destes novos desenvolvimentos. Mais recentemente, o
termo nativo digital foi inventado para se referir a algum que cresce utilizando a
tecnologia, e que, portanto, se sente confortvel e confiante com ela - tipicamente
crianas de hoje. Seus pais, por outro lado, tendem a ser imigrantes digitais, que
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chegaram tarde ao mundo da tecnologia, se que chegaram. Em muitos casos, os
professores so os imigrantes digitais e nossos alunos mais jovens so os nativos digitais.
What about you? How confident do you feel about using the Internet and computers?
Although there is a tendency to call computer users either technophobes or
technogeeks (a term for a technology
15 enthusiast), the truth is that most of us probably fall somewhere between the twoextremes.
E voc? O quo confiante voc se sente sobre o uso da Internet e dos computadores?
Embora haja uma tendncia de chamar os usurios de computador quer de tecnofbicos
ou quer de technogeeks (um termo para um entusiasta da tecnologia), a verdade que
a maioria de ns provavelmente cai em algum lugar entre os dois extremos.
Technology and young learnersTecnologia e jovens aprendizes
Modern technologies are very powerful because they rely on one of the most powerfulgenetic biases we have the preference for
20 visually presented information. Television, movies, videos, and most computer programsare very visually oriented and therefore attract and maintain the attention of young
children.
As tecnologias modernas so muito poderosas porque elas apostam em uma das
predisposies genticas mais poderosas que temos - a preferncia por informaes
apresentadas visualmente. Televiso, filmes, vdeos, e a maioria dos programas de
computador so muito visualmente orientados e, portanto, atraem e mantm a ateno
das crianas.
The problem with this is that many of the modern technologies are very passive. Becauseof this they do not provide children with the
25 quality and quantity of crucial emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences they
require when they are young.
O problema com isso que muitas das tecnologias modernas so muito passivas. Por
isso, elas no fornecem s crianas a qualidade e a quantidade fundamental de
experincias emocionais, sociais, cognitivas, ou fsicas de que necessitam quando eles
so jovens.
On the other hand, there are many positive qualities to modern technologies. The
technologies that benefit young children the greatest are those that are interactive andallow the child to develop 30 their curiosity, problem solving and independent thinking skills.
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Por outro lado, h muitas qualidades positivas nas tecnologias modernas. As tecnologias quemais beneficiam crianas pequenas so aquelas que so interativas e permitem que a
criana desenvolva
sua curiosidade, e habilidades de resoluo de problemas e de pensamento
independente.
Computers allow interaction. Children can control the pace and activity and make things
happen on computers. They can also repeat an activity again and again if they choose.In practice, computers supplement and do not replace highly valued early childhood
35 activities and materials, such as art, blocks, sand, water, books, exploration with writingmaterials, and dramatic play. Research indicates that computers can be used in
developmentally appropriate ways beneficial to children and also can be misused, just
as any tool can. Developmentally appropriate software offers opportunities for40 collaborative play, learning, and creation. Educators must use professional judgment in
evaluating and using this learning tool appropriately, applying the same criteria theywould to any other learning tool or experience.
Os computadores permitem interao. As crianas podem controlar o ritmo e atividade
e fazem as coisas acontecerem em computadores. Eles tambm podem repetir uma
atividade de novo e de novo se eles escolherem. Na prtica, os computadores
complementam e no substituem atividades e materiais altamente valorizados da
primeira infncia, tais como arte, blocos, areia, gua, livros, explorao com materiaisde escrita e brincadeiras de encenao. Pesquisa indica que os computadores podem
ser usados de formas adequadas ao desenvolvimento benfico das crianas e tambmpodem ser mal utilizados, assim como qualquer ferramenta. Programas apropriadospara o desenvolvimento oferecem oportunidades de brincadeira, aprendizado e criao
colaborativos. Os educadores devem usar julgamento profissional na avaliao e
utilizao desta ferramenta de aprendizagem de forma adequada, aplicando os mesmos
critrios que iriam usar para qualquer outra ferramenta ou experincia de
aprendizagem.
Char Soucy (a primary school teacher) mentions: "Reading books,
45 handling real books, learning to take care of books, turning pages, and interacting with
human beings about literature are still vital for learning to read." There are electronicbooks, but they are really not the same thing as real books. There must be a balance
between the two. Computers are highly motivating to today's students, who come
50 to school with plenty of visual stimulation from TV, video games, and other technological
sources, but it is not a good idea to go all electronic or to let technology replace what
teachers have done for a long time with learning how to read or write.
Char Soucy (uma professora de escola primria) menciona: "Ler livros, manipular livros
de verdade, aprender a cuidar de livros, virar as pginas, e interagir com seres humanos
sobre a literatura ainda so vitais para aprender a ler." H livros eletrnicos, mas eles
no so realmente a mesma coisa que livros reais. Deve haver um equilbrio entre os
dois. Os computadores so altamente motivadores para os estudantes de hoje, que vm
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para a escola com muita estimulao visual de TV, videogames, e outras fontes
tecnolgicas, mas no uma boa ideia tornar tudo eletrnico ou deixar que a tecnologia
substitua o que os professores tm feito por um muito tempo para os alunos
aprenderem a ler ou escrever.
(Retrieved and adapted from http://pearsonclassroomlink.com /articles/0711/0711_0102.htm on June 10th, 2014)
41 In relation to the use of technology in the classroom as presented in the text, mark
the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
Em relao ao uso da tecnologia na sala de aula como apresentado no texto, marque as
declaraes abaixo como verdadeiras (T) ou falsas (F).
( ) Children tend to be more at ease with it than adults.
As crianas tendem a ficar mais vontade com ela do que os adultos.
( ) Not all technologies promote student interaction.
Nem todas as tecnologias promovem a interao entre alunos.
( ) Everybody is eager to deal with new technology.
Todo mundo est ansioso para lidar com nova tecnologia.
The statements are, respectively,As declaraes so, respectivamente,
(A) F, F and T.
(B) T, F and T. (C) F, T
and F.
(D) F, T and T.
(E) T, T and F.
Item 1 V. Crianas so nativos digitais (digital native), ou seja, crescem (grow up) usando
tecnologia. Assim, sentem-se confortveis e confiantes (comfortable and confident) usandotecnologias. Em outras palavras, tendem a ficar mais vontade (tend to be more at ease) com
ela do que os adultos, que so imigrantes digitais (digital immigrants).
Item 2V. O autor diz que muitas das tecnologias no fornecem (do not provide) s crianas a
qualidade e a quantidade (quality and quantity) fundamental de experincias emocionais,sociais, cognitivas, ou fsicas (emotional, social, cognitive, or physical experiences) de que
necessitam (require). Tambm diz que as tecnologias que mais beneficiam crianas pequenas
(that benefit young children the greatest) so aquelas que so interativas (interactive). Mais
adiante, o autor afirma que computadores permitem (allow) interao (interection), mas que
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podem ser bem ou mal usados (misused). Assim, podemos entender que nem todas (not all) as
tecnologias promovem (promote) a interao entre alunos (student interaction).
Item 3F. Contradio. O texto diz que h muitas pessoas (many people) com medo (afraid)de novas tecnologias (new technology), tanto que surgiu o termo tecnofbico (technophobe)
para descrever os que podem ser desconfiados (wary) diante de novos desenvolvimentos. Logo,
no todo mundo (everybody) que est ansioso (eager) para usar novas tecnologias.
42 The label digital natives has been used to define people who
O rtulo de "nativos digitais" foi usado para definir pessoas que
(A)
can only learn how to use the Internet slowly.s conseguem aprender a usar a Internet lentamente.
(B) learned how to work with computers at a late stage.
aprenderam a trabalhar com computadores em uma fase tardia.
(C) need no instructions on how to use new technology.
no precisam de instrues sobre como utilizar as novas tecnologias.
(D) have access to technological developments in school. tm acesso a
desenvolvimentos tecnolgicos na escola.
(E) have been dealing with computers from an early age.
tm lidado com computadores desde cedo.
Vamos recordar o conceito de nativos digitais (digital native):
More recently, the term digital native has been invented to refer to someone who grows up using technology
Mais recentemente, o termo nativo digital foi inventado para se referir a algum que cresce utilizando atecnologia...
Ou seja: O rtulo (label) refere-se a quem tm lidado (have been dealing) com computadores
desde cedo, desde muito jovens (from an early age). Letra E.
43 When one says that people are afraid (line 2) they mean they are
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Quando se diz que as pessoas "tm medo" (linha 2) que significa que eles so/esto:
(A)scared. com medo.
(B)sure. com certeza.
(C)cool. legais.
(D)bold. ousados.
(E)brave. corajosos.
Vejamos as definies do dicionrio Michaelis:
Afraid: amedrontado, medroso, receoso, apreensivo Scared: assustado, com medo.
Letra A.
44 As regards the authors opinion, analyse the assertions below:
No que diz respeito opinio do autor, analise as afirmaes abaixo:
I. Computers will replace all other materials in the future.
Os computadores vo substituir todos os outros materiais no futuro.
II. Electronic books are much more effective than paper books. Livros eletrnicos
so muito mais eficazes do que livros de papel.
III. New technology should be evaluated like any other pedagogical tool.
Nova tecnologia deve ser avaliada como qualquer outra ferramenta pedaggica.
Choose the correct answer.
Escolha a resposta correta.
(A) Only I is correct.
S a I correta.
(B) Only III is correct.
S a III est correta.
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(C) Both I and II are correct.
I e II esto corretas.
(E)
Both I and III are correct.
I e III esto corretas.
(E) All three assertions are correct.
Todas as trs afirmaes esto corretas.
Item 1 Errada. Contradio. O autor claro ao afirmar que os computadores suplementam
(supplement) - mas no substituem (do not replace) todos os outros materiais (all other
materials).
Item 2Errada. Contradio. O texto no faz essa afirmao. Apenas diz que deve haver um
equilbrio (balance) entre o uso de tecnologia e de livros reais.
Item 3 Correta. O autor nos diz que os educadores (educators) devem usar julgamento
profissional (professional judgment) na avaliao e utilizao da tecnologia como ferramentade aprendizagem (learning tool) - aplicando os mesmos critrios (same criteria) que iriam usar
para qualquer outra ferramenta (tool) ou experincia (experience) de aprendizagem (learning).
Logo, uma nova tecnologia (new technology) deve ser avaliada (should be evaluated) como
qualquer outra (like any other) ferramenta pedaggica (pedagogical tool).
45 The question that is answered by the sentence Modern technologies are very
powerful because they rely on one of the most powerful genetic biases we have (lines
18 and 19) is
A pergunta que respondida pela frase "As tecnologias modernas so muito poderosas
porque elas apostam em uma das predisposies genticas mais poderosas que temos"
(linhas 18 e 19)
(A)
How did technology become powerful?Como a tecnologia se tornou poderosa?
(B) Whose genetic biases are very powerful?
A predisposio gentica de quem muito poderosa?
(C) When did technology become powerful?
Quando a tecnologia se tornou poderosa?
(D) Who thinks genetic biases are powerful?
Quem acha que as predisposies genticas so poderosas?
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(E) Why are modern technologies powerful?
Por que as tecnologias modernas so poderosas?
A questo aborda o uso das question words. Entendam:
How Como, quanto
Whose De quem
When Quando
Who Quem
Why Por que
A frase contm a resposta para uma pergunta que se inicia com POR QUE (why), tanto que no
meio da frase aparece a palavra PORQUE (because). Letra E.
46 The plural of child is children. All the options below offer correct forms except
for
O plural de "child" "children". Todas as opes abaixo oferecem formas corretas,
exceto para
(A)toetoes. dedo do pdedos
dos p.
(B)footfeet. p - ps.
(C)nosenoses. nariz - narizes.
(D)toothtooths. denteforma
inexistente.
(E)mouthmouths. boca - bocas.
O plural de tooth teeth. Letra D.
47 The opposite of many in Many people are afraid (line
2) is
O oposto de "many" em "Many people are afraid" (linha 2)
(A)
some. alguns.
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(B) little.
pouco.
(C)
most. a maioria.
(D) less. menos.
(E) few. alguns.
A questo explora o uso dos Quantificadores. Conheam os principais e seus usos:
Para substantivos incontveis Para substantivos contveis
a bit um pouco a few alguns, algumas
how much quanto (a) how many quantos (as)
little / a little pouco (a) / um pouco few poucos (as)
much / very much muito (a) many muitos (as)
so much tanto (a) several vrios (as)
too / too muchdemasiadamente,
exageradamente
so many tantos (as)
too manydemais, em nmero excessivo
Para substantivos contveis e incontveis
all todo(s), toda(s)
a lot of / lots of muito(s), muita(s)
any (interrogativa) algum (ns), alguma (s)
any (negativa) nenhum (a)
enough suficiente (s)
no nenhum(a)
plenty of muito(s), muita(s)
some algum(ns), alguma(s)
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Note que nos referimos ao substantivo contvel PESSOAS (people). Assim, temos que usar um
quantificador com sentido de pouco (contrrio de many) que possa referir-se a esse
substantivo. Letra E.
48 The term parents in Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital
immigrants (lines 8 and 9) corresponds to the childrensO termoparents em Their parents, on the other hand, tend to be digital immigrants
(linhas 8 e 9) corresponde ao _____ das crianas
(A) aunt and uncle. tia e tio.
(B) brother and sister.
irmo e irm.
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(C) father and mother. pai e me.
(D) niece and nephew. sobrinha e
sobrinho.
(E) relatives and cousins.
parentes e primos.
Cuidado com o falso cognato! Parents (pais) so o pai e a me (father and mother). Relatives
que se refere os demais parentes. Letra C.
49 The answer to the question How confident do you feel about using the Internet and
computers? (lines 12 and 13) Will necessarily involve a
A resposta para a pergunta "O quo confiante voc se sente sobre o uso da Internet e
dos computadores?" (linhas 12 e 13) envolver necessariamente um
(A) time.
tempo.
(B) place.
lugar.
(C) degree.
grau.
(D) greeting. cumprimento.
(E) compliment.
elogio.
O dicionrio MacMillan nos ensina que HOW pode ser usado, basicamente, em 2 casos:
Dizer o modo ou maneira
Perguntar ou dizer quantidade, distncia, idade ou grau (degree) Letra C.
50 The underlined word in using this learning tool (line 41) is a(n)
A palavra sublinhada em "using this learning tool" (linha 41) um:
(A) verb.
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verbo.
(B) noun. substantivo.
(C) adverb. advrbio.
(D) adjective.
adjetivo.
(E) preposition. preposio.
Pegadinha! No porque a palavra tem ING no final que ela ser um verbo no gerndio.
Learning, na frase, significa aprendizagem, ou seja, trata-se de um substantivo (noun).
Aproveito para citar os principais casos quem o ING aparece no final da palavra, mas no temfuno de gerndio:
1. Alguns adjetivos terminam em ING (ex: interesting)
2. Alguns substantivos terminam em ING (ex: learning)
3. Quando a palavra com ING o sujeito da frase (ex: Studying English is great! = Estudar
ingls timo!)
4. Aps uma preposio (ex: Im so sorry for shouting at you yesterday
= Desculpe-me por ter gritado com voc ontem)
Letra B.
REPORTAGEM
Banco de Textos
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Texto retirado do site www.washingtonpost.com
Parte 1
An oil scandal is shaking Brazils democracy to its core
The Washington Post
July 23 2015-07-26
RIO DE JANEIRO -- There are times in Brazils young democracy -- its constitution dates
from 1988 -- when the country seems to be making things up as it goes along.
This is one of them.
What began in 2014 as a police investigation called Operation Car Wash has spiraled
into a horrendously dense drama, in which some of Brazils top politicians and largestcompanies have been forced into leading roles under harsh lights.
Since last year, an increasing number of accusations and counteraccusations have beenwhirling around state-controlled oil giant Petrobras and some of its top former
executives -- involving oil refineries, rig contracts, political parties, shadowy agents and
middlemen, construction companies and cartels. Not to mention billions of dollars inpayoffs and bribes.
As the scandal climbs higher up the political hierarchy, the more complex it feels and themore explosive reactions it causes.
In video testimony released last week, a key witness who brokered lucrative Petrobras
contracts for suppliers and has agreed to a states evidence deal said the combative
speaker of the House demanded and received $5 million in overdue bribes. Eduardo
Cunha, the witness testified, got another $5 million for his Brazilian DemocraticMovement Party, known by its Portuguese acronym, PMDB.
Cunha denied the allegations, saying the investigation and its timing were manipulated
by the government. On Friday, he quit the governing coalition, while keeping his
speakers chair.
His party, which called his decision to join the opposition a personal one, didn't leave the
government. It appears to be clinging to an alliance with President Dilma Rousseff's
Workers Party that it no longer believes in, given its plan to field a candidate in the 2018presidential election.
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A televised address Cunha made that day, with no mention of the accusations, wasgreeted in some cities with saucepan bashing and jeers.
TRADUO
An oil scandal is shaking Brazils democracy to its core Um escndalo de petrleoest sacudindo a democracia do Brasil em seu ncleo
The Washington Post
July 23 2015-07-26
RIO DE JANEIRO -- There are times in Brazils young democracy -- its constitution dates
from 1988 -- when the country seems to be making things up as it goes along. This is one
of them.
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RIO DE JANEIRO - H momentos na jovem democracia do Brasilsua Constituio data
de 1988 - quando o pas parece estar inventando coisas conforme caminha. Este um
deles.
What began in 2014 as a police investigation called Operation Car Wash has spiraled
into a horrendously dense drama, in which some of Brazils top politicians and largest
companies have been forced into leading roles under harsh lights.
O que comeou em 2014 como uma investigao policial chamada "Operao Lava Jato"culminou em um drama terrivelmente denso, em que alguns dos principais polticos e
maiores empresas do Brasil foram forados a papis principais sob duros holofotes.
Since last year, an increasing number of accusations and counteraccusations have been
whirling around state-controlled oil giant Petrobras and some of its top former
executives -- involving oil refineries, rig contracts, political parties, shadowy agents andmiddlemen, construction companies and cartels. Not to mention billions of dollars in
payoffs and bribes.
Desde o ano passado, um nmero crescente de acusaes e contraacusaes tem girado
em torno da gigante estatal de petrleo Petrobras e de alguns de seus principais ex-
executivos - envolvendo refinarias de petrleo, contratos de plataformas, partidos
polticos, agentes sombrios e intermedirios, empresas de construo e cartis. Sem
mencionar bilhes de dlares em propinas e subornos.
As the scandal climbs higher up the political hierarchy, the more complex it feels and themore explosive reactions it causes. Conforme o escndalo sobe mais alto na hierarquia
poltica, mais complexo ele parece e reaes mais explosivas ele provoca.
In video testimony released last week, a key witness who brokered lucrative Petrobrascontracts for suppliers and has agreed to a states evidence deal said the combative
speaker of the House demanded and received $5 million in overdue bribes. EduardoCunha, the witness testified, got another $5 million for his Brazilian Democratic
Movement Party, known by its Portuguese acronym, PMDB.
Em depoimento em vdeo divulgado na semana passada, uma testemunha chave que
intermediou lucrativos contratos da Petrobras para fornecedores e que concordou coma delao premiada, disse que o combativo presidente da Cmara exigiu e recebeu US $
5 milhes em propinas em atraso. Eduardo Cunha, a testemunha afirmou, recebeu
outros US $ 5 milhes para o seu Partido do Movimento Democrtico Brasileiro,
conhecido pela sigla em Portugus, PMDB.
Cunha denied the allegations, saying the investigation and its timing were manipulatedby the government. On Friday, he quit the governing coalition, while keeping his
speakers chair.
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Cunha negou as acusaes, dizendo que o inqurito e o seu momento foram
manipulados pelo governo. Na sexta-feira, ele deixou a coalizo do governo, mantendo
sua cadeira de presidente.
His party, which called his decision to join the opposition a personal one, didn't leave
the government. It appears to be clinging to an alliance with President Dilma Rousseff's
Workers Party that it no longer believes in, given its plan to field a candidate in the 2018
presidential election.
Seu partido, que chamou a sua deciso de se juntar oposio de uma deciso pessoal,
no deixou o governo. Ele parece estar se agarrando a uma aliana com o Partido dos
Trabalhadores da presidente Dilma Rousseff na qual j no acredita, dado o seu plano
para lanar um candidato na eleio presidencial de 2018.
A televised address Cunha made that day, with no mention of the accusations, was
greeted in some cities with saucepan bashing and jeers.
Um discurso televisionado que Cunha fez naquele dia, sem mencionar as acusaes, foirecebido em algumas cidades com panelao e vaias.
VOCABULRIO DA AULA
Banco de vocabulrio
A
accusations acusaes
acronym sigla
activity atividade
afraid com medo
allegations alegaes, acusaes
alliance aliana
approaches abordagens
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asset ativo
audit auditoria
aunt tiaautomation automao
B
balance equilbrio
beneficial benfico
blessing bno
blocks blocos
bold ousado
book livro
brave corajoso
bribe suborno
brother irmo
business negcio, empresa
C
career carreira
chair cadeira
challenge desafio
change mudana
childhood infncia
children crianas
citizen cidado
classroom sala de aula
collaborative colaborativo
combative combativo
compliment elogio
constitution Constituio
construction companies empresas de construo
cool legal
core ncleocounter-accusations contra-acusaes
country pas
cousin primo (a)
creation criao
criteria critrios
curse maldio
daily diariamente
dangerous perigoso
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D
degree grau
demanding exigente
democracy democraciadense denso
development desenvolvimento
digital immigrants imigrantes digitais
digital native nativos digitais
doubt dvida
dramatic play encenao
E
eager ansioso
early age muito jovem
educators educadores
effectiveness eficcia
efficiency eficincia
election eleio
end final, fim
evidence deal delao premiada
F
fast rpido
father pai
foot p
G
genetic biases predisposies genticas
giant gigante
good news boas notcias
governing coalition coalizo do governo
Government auditors auditores do governo
greeting cumprimento
H
hierarchy hierarquia
highly valued muito valorizado
horrendously terrivelmentehuman being ser humano
I
idea ideia
improvement melhoria, aperfeioamento
increasing crescente
increasing crescente
inner workings funcionamento interno
insight informaes, compreenso clara
interaction interao
issues questes, problemas
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J jeer vaia, zombaria
judgment julgamento
K key chave
key witness testemunha chave
L
label rtulo
late tarde, atrasado
late stage fase tardia
leader lder
leading role Papel principal
learner aprendiz
learning aprendizadolight years anos-luz
lucrative lucrativo
M
middlemen intermedirios
mother me
motivating motivador
mouth boca
N
nephew sobrinho
niece sobrinha
no longer no mais
nose nariz
number nmero
O
oil petrleo
oil refineries refinarias de petrleo
oil rig plataformas de petrleo
old velho
Operation Car Wash Operao Lava Jato
overdue em atraso
P
pace ritmo
parents pai e me
party Partido poltico
payoff propina
people pessoas
peripheral perifrico
physical fsico
pivotal crucial, fundamental
place lugarplan plano
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play jogo, brincadeira
police investigation investigao policial
political parties partidos polticospowerful poderoso
preference preferncia
pressure presso
primary school teacher professor de escola primria
private sector setor privado
processes processos
random aleatria
reaction reao
R
relationship relao, relacionamento
relatives parentes
research pesquisa
return retorno
risk risco
rule regra
S
sand areia
saucepan bashing panelao
scandal escndalo
scared com medo
shadowy sombrios
signs sinais
sister irm
skill habilidade
slow devagar
slowly lentamente
soundness solidez
source fonte
Speaker of the House presidente da Cmara
speed velocidade
speed of light velocidade da luz
state-controlled estatal
students alunos
subtle sutil
supplier fornecedor
sure com certezatask tarefa
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T
technogeeks entusiasta da tecnologia
technology tecnologia
technophobe tecnofbicotendency tendncia
thinking pensamento
time tempo
timing momento
today hoje
toe dedo do p
tomorrow amanh
too late tarde demais
tool ferramentatooth dente
tremendous tremendo, enorme, extraordinrio
trust confiana
truth verdade
U uncle tio
V video testimony depoimento em vdeo
visually oriented visualmente orientado
wary desconfiado, cauteloso
W
water gua
way maneira, forma
well-founded bem fundamentada
witness testemunha
Workers Party Partido dos Trabalhadores
world mundo
Y young jovem
Verbs
A
to abuse abusar
to agree concordar
to allow permitir
to anticipate antecipar
to appear parecer
to apply aplicar
to attract atrair
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B
to begin comear
to believe acreditar
to benefit beneficiarto broker Negociar, intermediar
C
to call chamar
to choose escolher
to climb escalar, subir
to comprehend compreender
D
to deal lidar
to demand demandar
to deny negar
to develop desenvolver
E
to enhance aumentar, elevar, engrandecer
to ensure garantir
to evaluate avaliar
F
to face enfrentar
to fall cair
to feel sentir
to follow seguir
to force forar
G to greet saudar, receber
H
to handle manipular, manusear
to happen acontecer
I to identify identificar
to improve melhorar, aperfeioar
to interact interagir
J to join untar-se a
to learn aprender
L to leave deixar, sair, partir
M
to magnify ampliar, aumentar, engrandecer
to maintain manter
to manage gerenciar
to manipulate manipular
to misuse mal utilizado
to move mover-se
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P to provide prover
Q
to quit deixar, demitir-se,
abandonar
renunciar,
to quote citar
R
to read ler
to receive receber
to release divulgar, liberar
to repeat repetir
to replace substituir
to require requerer, demandar
S
to set definir, estabelecer
to shake sacudir
to show mostrar
to solve resolver, solucionar
to supplement suplementar
T
to testify Testemunhar, depor
to threaten ameaar
U to use usar, utilizar
W
to want querer
to work trabalhar
to write escrever
Phrasal Verbs
to cling to agarrar-se a
to date from datar de
to grow up crescer
to rely on apostar, apoiar-se
to slow down desacelerar
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to spiral into piorar continuamente
to take care cuidar
to turn out desenvolver-se de uma maneira particular, ou ter umdeterminado resultado
to whirl around girar em torno
Expresses Idiomticas
at best na melhor das hipteses
at ease vontade
to field a candidate lanar um candidato
to jump on
bandwagon
the participar de uma ideia ou atividade que de repente se
tornou muito popular
to make things up inventar
to play a role desempenhar um papel
to shoulder a burden carregar peso nos ombros
to turn the page virar a pgina
to turn the tide virar o jogo
under harsh lights duros holofotes, sob intenso escrutnio
See you next class!
Bye!
Gabriela