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Trctinchng
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Chngem
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Trng CKT Cao Thng Khoa in t - Tin hc
Bi tp ln Vi X L Trang 1 iu khin Thang my dng 16F877A
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Trng CKT Cao Thng Khoa in t - Tin hc
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....................................................................................................................................................Tp H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm 2009
Gio vin hng dn
K tn
Nguyn trng Khanh
Bi tp ln Vi X L Trang 2 iu khin Thang my dng 16F877A
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LI CAM N.....................................................................................1NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN..........................................................2
A-KHAI QUATI. Gii thieu ve Thang may........................................4II. Van hanh cua Thang may.......................................4
B-CHI TIETI- Chng I: C s ly thuyet ..........................................5
1. Gii thieu cac linh kien..........................................52. Chi tiet cac linh kien................................................5II- Chng II: Xay dng Thang may..............................43
1. S o khoi................................................................432. S o nguyen ly.....................................................483. Lu o giai thuat...................................................494. Chng trnh ma code ieu khien Thang may.....59
C-TONG KET
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I- Gii thieu ve Thang may:X hi ngy cng pht trin, cc to nh hng lot mc ln, s tng cngnhu hn, nu s dng cu thang b s tn nhiu thi gian v sc lc, thang my rai gii phng con ngi khi vic leo cu thang .
Ngi dng ch cn ng trc ca ca thang my mt tng bt k, nhnnt gi thang, khi thang chy n th vo trong nhn nt chn tng mnh cn n,thang s a ngi dng i.
II- Van hanh cua Thang may:Khi Cabin ang trong che o khong tai, th Cabin
luon ch ch th cua ngi s dung. Khi co lenh t
ngi s dung, he thong x ly kiem tra va quyet nhcho Cabin, het thong ca, he thong thong bao.
Khi Cabin ang hoat ong neu ngi s dung rach th, bo ieu khien trung tam se nhan tn hieu vakiem tra hoat ong hien thi va hoat ong yeu cau era quyet nh.
+ B iu khin: s dng lut u tin cho tang gino gn vi v trthang my nht.
*Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu khin thang myNguyn l lm vic ca h thng iu khin thang my l: khi c tn hiu
u vo tng c ngi bm nt cn i thang, h thng lu nh tn hiu gi thang,vi iu khin kim tra tm nu thy tn hiu yu cu thang (tc l s tng) v v trhin ti ca thang s quyt nh chiu vn hnh ca thang, ng thi kch thangdng tng c ngi gi, m ca ch khch bc vo trong thang, sau ng cav cn c vo yu cu ca khch s a ti tng khch yu cu.
Cabin co the len xuong theo yeu cau nhng khongchap nhan ngat hoat ong hien hanh
Khi Cabin khong hoat ong he thong chap nhanyeu cau. Thong tin ve tang ang hien hanh va thongtin ve tang yeu cau en c lu lai va so sanh. Neu
ch so tang hien hanh ln hn ch so tang yeu cauen th he thong ra tn hieu cho Cabin i xuong. Neu chso tang hien hanh nho hn ch so tang yeu cau thhe thong ra tn hieu cho Cabin i len. Neu hai ch so naybang nhau th he thong cho m ca, sau mot thi giannh trc th ong lai va ch ch th tiep theo. Va trongsuot qua trnh van hanh cua Cabin he thong luon lu lai
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hai ch so o va Cabin ch ngng hoat ong khi hai chiso nay bang nhau.
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I- Chng 1: C S L THUYT1- Gii thiu cc linh kin trong ti:
Trong ti c s dng linh kin sau: PIC 16F877A, Led 7 on, IC74LS47, Led n, IC 7805, Thch Anh, Relay, Buttton (nt nhn), cc linh kin cbn (in tr , t in, transistor , diode, )
2- Chi tit cc linh kin:a) ien tr:
in tr, mt linh kin in t th ng trong mch in, c k hiu vich R
in tr l i lng vt l c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in ca
mt vt th dn in. N c nh ngha l t s ca hiu in th gia haiu vt th vi cng dng in i qua n:
trong :U : l hiu in th gia hai u vt dn in, o bng vn (V).I : l cng dng in i qua vt dn in, o bng mpe (A).R : l in tr ca vt dn in, o bng Ohm ().
Cc loi in tr ta thng gp: quang tr, nhit tr, bin tr,
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_d%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%82mpe&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_d%C3%B2ng_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B4nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%82mpe&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm -
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*Gi tr ca in tr c tnh theo bng sau
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b) T in:T in l cng l mt linh kin in t th ng l thuc vo tn s
to t hai b mt dn in ngn cch bi mt in mi khng dn in. L mtlinh kin dng tch in v lu tr nng lng ca in trng.
in Dung l kh nng tch ly in tch trn b mt ca t in do
mt in th sn sinh.in Dung, C , l tnh cht vt l ca T in m ch Dung Lng
in Tch trn b mt ca T in do mt in Th gy ra c nh ngha lt l ca in Tch trn in Th
C : in Dung c o bng n v Fara (F)V : in Th c o bng n v Volt (V)Q : in Tch c o bng n v coulombs (C) .
i vi dng in mt chiu DC, in th khng bin i theo thigian hay tn s cho nn T in hot ng nh mt in trvi in khngv tn hay ni khc hn T in lm h mch.
Khi mc ni in AC vi T in trong mt mch khp kn , do cchnh lch in th ti hai b mt . Ti cc b mt s xut hin in tch cngcng , nhng tri du.
Phn loi :*T in c phn cc:
T in c phn cc l mt loiT in c in Dung ln hn so vi Tin thng . V khi ch bin t in mDng Nhm c dng lm 2 b mtdn in.
Trong mch in, T in phn cccho ra Dng in Cao ti tn s thp ,nn thng dng trong b phn pht in .
http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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* T in khng phn cc :Thng c dng to B lc tn
s, b dao ng tn s.
T in c ng dng rt nhiu trong k thut in v v tuyn in. Tytheo cng dng ca chng m c cc loi t in khc nhau nh: Chai Lyen,T in c in dung thay i. T in mica , T in s, T in ho hc , Tin giy,
c) Tranzito:Tranzito l mt linh kin bn dn thng c s dng nh mt thit b
khuych i hoc mt kha in t. Tranzitor l khi n v c bn xy dng
nn cu trc mch my tnh in t v tt c cc thit b in t hin ikhc. V p ng nhanh v chnh xc nn cc tranzitor c s dng trongnhiu ng dng tng t v s, nh khuych i, ng ct, iu chnh in p,iu khin tn hiu, v to dao ng.Tranzitor cng thng c kt hp thnhmch tch hp (IC),c th tch hp ti mt t tranzitor trn mt din tch nh.
Tranzito c to thnh t hai cht bndn in. Khi ghp mt bn dn in mnm gia hai bn dn in dng ta cmt PNP tranzito. Khi ghp mt bn dnin dng nm gia hai bn dn in m
ta c mt NPN tranzito.Mi tranzito u c ba cc:Cc nn (base)Cc thu (collector)Cc pht (emitter) phn bit PNP hay NPN
tranzito ta cn c vo k hiu linh kin da vo mi tn trn u pht. Numi tn hng ra th tranzito l NPN, v nu mi tn hng v th tranzito l PNP.
Tranzito loi NPN Tranzito loi PNP
http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#16http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#13http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#14http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#15http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#16http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#13http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#14http://www.onthi.com/?a=OT&ot=LT&hdn_lt_id=324#15http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn -
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*Phn cc cho tranzito:
IV - DIODE :
A K
it bn dn l cc linh kin in t th ng v phi tuyn, cho phpdng in i qua n theo mt chiu m khng theo chiu ngc li, s dngcc tnh cht ca cc chtbn dn.
C nhiu loi it bn dn, nh it chnh lu thng thng, itZener, LED. Chng u c nguyn l cu to chung l mt khibn dn loi Pghp vi mt khibn dn loi N.
Hot ng ca diode:Khi bn dn loi P cha nhiu l trng t do mang in tch dng
nn khi ghp vi khi bn dn N (cha cc in t t do) th cc l trng nyc xu hng chuyn ng khuch tn sang khi N. Cng lc khi P li nhnthm cc in t (in tch m) t khi N chuyn sang. Kt qu l khi P tchin m (thiu ht l trng v d tha in t) trong khi khi N tch indng (thiu ht in t v d tha l trng).
S tch in m bn khi P v dng bn khi N hnh thnh mt inp gi l in p tip xc (UTX). in trng sinh ra bi in p c hng tkhi n n khi p nn cn tr chuyn ng khuch tn v nh vy sau mt thigian k t lc ghp 2 khi bn dn vi nhau th qu trnh chuyn ng khuchtn chm dt v tn ti in p tip xc. Lc ny ta ni tip xc P-N trngthi cn bng. in p tip xc trng thi cn bng khong 0.6V i vi itlm bng bn dn Si v khong 0.3V i vi it lm bng bn dn Ge.
Hai bn mt tip gip l vng cc in t v l trng d gp nhau nhtnn qu trnh ti hp thng xy ra vng ny hnh thnh cc nguyn t trungha. V vy vng bin gii hai bn mt tip gip rt him cc ht dn in tdo nn c gi l vng ngho. Vng ny khng dn in tt, tr phi in ptip xc c cn bng bi in p bn ngoi. y l ct li hot ng cait.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phi_tuy%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_ch%E1%BB%89nh_l%C6%B0u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_P&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_N&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%97_tr%E1%BB%91ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch_d%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9cmani&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_ki%E1%BB%87n_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_th%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91%E1%BB%99nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phi_tuy%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_ch%E1%BB%89nh_l%C6%B0u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%91t_Zener&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEDhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_P&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_N&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%E1%BB%97_tr%E1%BB%91ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch_d%C6%B0%C6%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%ADhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%C3%A1phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dnghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9cmani&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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Nu t in p bn ngoi ngc vi in p tip xc, s khuych tnca cc in t v l trng khng b ngn tr bi in p tip xc na v vngtip gip dn in tt. Nu t in p bn ngoi cng chiu vi in p tipxc, s khuych tn ca cc in t v l trng cng b ngn li v vng nghocng tr nn ngho ht dn in t do. Ni cch khc it ch cho php dng
in qua n khi t in p theo mt hng nht nh.Tnh cht ca diode:Dng in thun qua it khng c ln hn gi tr ti a cho php
(do nh sn xut cung cp, c th tra cu trong cc ti liu ca hng sn xut xc nh).
in p phn cc ngc (tc UKA) khng c ln hn in p ngngnh thng ca it (do nh sn xut cung cp).
c tnh Volt-Ampere ca Diode l th m t quan h gia dngin qua it theo in p UAK t vo n. C th chia c tuyn ny thnhhai giai on:
Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V > 0 m t quan h dng p khiit phn cc thun.
Giai on ng vi UAK = 0.7V< 0 m t quan h dng p khiit phn cc nghch.(UAK ly gi tr 0,7V ch ng vi cc it lm bng Si, vi it Ge thng sny khc)
Khi it c phn cc thun v dn in th dng in ch yu ph thuc voin trca mch ngoi (c mc ni tip vi it). Dng in ph thuc rtt vo in tr thun ca it v in tr thun rt nh, thng khng ng k
so vi in tr ca mch in.
c tnh Volt_Ampe ca 1 diode bn dn l tng
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_n%E1%BB%91i_ti%E1%BA%BFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%ABn_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_n%E1%BB%91i_ti%E1%BA%BFp&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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d) LED ( Diode pht quang ) :
LED (vit tt ca Light Emitting Diode, c nghal it pht quang) l cc it c kh nng pht ranh sng hay tia hng ngoi, t ngoi. Cng gingnh it, LED c cu to t mt khi bn dnloi p ghp vi mt khibn dn loi n.
Ty theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thpm bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau (tc musc ca LED s khc nhau). Mc nng lng (vmu sc ca LED) hon ton ph thuc vo cu trcnng lng ca cc nguyn t cht bn dn.
LED thng c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng,trong khong 1,5 n 3 V. Nhng in th phn cc nghch LED th khngcao. Do , LED rt d b h hng do in th ngc gy ra.
LED c dng lm b phn hin th trong cc thit b in, in t,n qung co, trang tr, n giao thng.
C nghin cu v cc loi LED c sng tng ng vi bng nbng kh neon. n chiu sng bng LED c cho l c cc u im nh gnnh, bn, tit kim nng lng.
Cc LED pht ra tia hng ngoi c dng trong cc thit b iu khint xa cho in t dn dng.
Loi LED in th phn cc thun
1,4 - 1,8V
Vng 2 - 2,5V
Xanh l cy 2 - 2,8V
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%91thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nh_s%C3%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_v%C3%A0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanh_l%C3%A1_c%C3%A2yhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%91thttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nh_s%C3%A1nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1ihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_phttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn_lo%E1%BA%A1i_nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Fhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0u_v%C3%A0nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanh_l%C3%A1_c%C3%A2yhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volthttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_khi%E1%BB%83n_t%E1%BB%AB_xa&action=edit&redlink=1 -
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b)Led 7 on
Trc ht hy xem qua cu trc v loi n led 7 on ca mt s n c
cu to bi 7 on led c chung anode (AC) hay cathode (KC); c sp xp hnh
s 8 vung ngoi ra cn c 1 led con c t lm du phy thp phn cho s hin
th; n c iu khin ring bit khng qua mch gii m. Cc chn ra ca led
c sp xp thnh 2 hng chn gia mi hng chn l A chung hay K chung.
Th t sp xp cho 2 loi nh trnh by di y.
Cu trc v chn ra ca 1 dng led 7 on
n led hin th 1 s no th cc thanh led tng ng phi sng ln, do
cc thanh led u phi c phn cc bi cc in tr khong 180 n 390 ohm vi
ngun cp chun thng l 5V. IC gii m s c nhim v ni cc chn a, b,.. g ca
led xung mass hay ln ngun (tu A chung hay K chung).
Led 7 on loi anode chung v cathod chung cng vi mch
thc gii m
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Chng ta c th s dng 7 chn ca mt cng VK Pic 16f877a iu
khin 7 cc ca led 7 on, nhng c mt cch khc hin th l: ngi ta qut
cho sng ln lt tng con 1 trong thi gian ngn, nh vy vn cho cm gic sng
u tt c cc led, va tit kim in v chn port cho VK.Ti thiu l cc LED hin th phi sng 24 ln/giy (tiu chun ca in
nh). thc t ngi ta thng lm cao hn mt cht, c th n 60, 70 ln/giy.
Nh vy, thi gian sng cho mi LED trong chu k qut l 1/(6*70) = 2.38
ms, nu chn tn s qut l 70 Hz. V duty cycle ca mi LED l 1/6, tc l mi
LED ch sng 1/6 thi gian ca chu k qut, ngi ta thng nng dng in cp
cho LED trong khong thi gian ln tng ng, m bo sng nh khi
c cp dng lin tc. V d, nu dng lin tc l 5 mA, th khi qut vi duty cycle
1/6 s nng dng ln 5*6 = 30 mA.
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c) IC gii m 74LS47.
y l IC gii m ng thi thc trc tip led 7 on loi Anode chung lun
v n c cc ng ra cc thu h v kh nng nhn dng ln. S chn ca ICnh sau:
K hiu khi v chn ra 74LS47
Trong
A, B, C, D l cc ng vo m BCD
RBI l ng vo xo dn sng
LT l ng th n
BI/RBO l ng vo xo hay ng ra xo
a ti g l cc ng ra (cc thu h)
Cu trc bn trong ca 74LS47 v dng s hin th
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Hot ng ca IC c tm tt theo bng di y:
Nhn thy cc ng ra mch gii m tc ng mc thp (0) th led tng
ng sng
hot ng gii m xy ra bnh thng th chn LT v BI/RBO phi mc
cao
Mun th n led cc led u sng ht th ko chn LT xung thp
Mun xo cc s (tt ht led) th ko chn BI xung thp.
Khi cn gii m nhiu led 7 on ta cng c th ghp nhiu tng IC, mun xo
s 0 v ngha trc day so th ni chn RBI ca tng u xung thp, khi
ny chn ra RBO cng xung thp v c ni ti tng sau nu mun xo tip s 0
v ngha ca tng . Ring tng cui cng th RBI trng hay mc cao vn
hin th s 0 cui cng.
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d) Relay ( R le):
Nguyn l hot ng ca relay l bin dng in thnh t trng thngqua cun dy, t trng li to thnh lc c hc thng qua lc ht thc hin
mt ng tc v c kh nh ng m cc hnh trnh ca cc thit b t ng.
Phn loi relay: c cc loi relay nh sau: ng ngt bng in, ng ngt
bng t, ng ngt bng nhit
ng ngt relay bng cch cho in vo hai cc ca nam chm in. Tu
loi relay m a vo in th vo l 5V hay 10 V
e) IC 7805
Chn 1 gi l chn vo
Chn 2 gi l chn chung (GND)
Chn 3 gi l chn ra
Khi t hiu in th nht vo chn 1 (hiu in th chn vo phi ln hn
chn ra). Khi hiu in th tai chn ra s cho ta hiu in th m chng ta cn.
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Led hng ngoi
Led c cau tao t GaAs vi vung cam co o
rong la 1.43eV tng ng bc xa 900nm. Ngoai ra khi pha
tap Si vi nguyen vat lieu GaAlAs, o rong vung camco the thay oi. Vi cach nay, ngi ta co the tao ra
dai song gia 800 - 900nm va do o tao ra s ieu
hng sao cho led hong ngoai phat ra bc song thch hp
nhat cho iem cc ai cua o nhay cac bo thu.
Hoat ong: khi moi noi P - N c phan cc thuan th
dong ien qua noi ln v s dan ien la do hat tai a
so, con khi moi noi c phan cc nghch th ch codong r do s di chuyen cua cac hat tai thieu so.
Nhng khi chieu sang vao moi noi, dong ien nghch
tang len gan nh ty le vi quang thong trong luc dong
thuan khong tang. ac tuyen volt ampere cua led hong
ngoai nh sau:
f) Quang transistor: Photon Transistor cung tng t nh transistor thong
thng nhng ch khac cho no khong co cc baz,
thay cho tac dung khong che cua dong vao cc baz la
= 4
= 3
= 2
= 1
= 0
U(V)
I(A)
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s khong che cua chum sang oi vi dong colector
cua transitor hoac co cc baz, nhng khong che tn hieu
la anh sang.
Cu to ca Transitor quang:
Hnh thc ben ngoai cua no khac vi transistorthong thng cho tren vo cua no ca so trong
suot cho anh sang chieu vao. Anh sang qua ca so
nay chieu len mien baz cua transistor. Chuyen tiep PN
emitor c che tao nh cac transistor thong thng,
nhng chuyen tiep PN colector th do mien baz can c
chieu sang, cho nen no co nhieu hnh dang khac nhau,
cung co dang hnh tron nam gia tam mien baz. Khi
s dung transistor quang mac mach tng t nh transistor
mac chung emitor (CE). Chuyen tiep emitor c phan cc
thuan con chuyen tiep colector c phan cc nghch.
Co ngha la transistor quang c phan cc che o
khuyech ai.
ac tuyen Volt Ampere cua Transistor quang:
C Cc thu (colecter)
Cc nen
(base) ECc phat (emiter)
Ky hieu Cautao
N P NB
EB
C
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H la mat o chieu sang (mW/cm2 )
ac tuyen cua transistor quang cung giong nh actuyen Volt - Ampere cua Transitor thong thng mac EC.
ieu khac nhau ay la cac tham so khong phai la
dong Ib ma la lng chieu sang.
ac tuyen Volt ampere cua transistor quang ng vi
khoang Uce nho cung co the goi la mien bao hoa v
khi ay do s tch tu ien tch co the coi nh chuyen tiep
colector c phan cc thuan. Cung tng t nh trong
trng hp transistor thong thung, o doc ac tuyen
trong mien khuyech ai.
Opamp 741* S o cau tao ben trong cua Opamp
U(V)5 10 15 20
1
I(A) H = 9
H = 7
H = 5
H = 4
H = 1
8
6
4
2
0
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7
D 1
R 3
6
+ U c c
R 1
D 3
2T 2
+
T 9
+ U c c
3
R 2
T 6
T 7
T 3
T 4
4
-
D 4
T 5
T 1
D 5
D 2
+ - U r
T 8
- U e e
U vC c o m p
- U c- U c c
+ U c c
k y h i e
-
+
c o n g v a o d a o
c o n g v a o k h o n g
c o n
3
26
7
4
*Khi qut
OPAMP l b khuch i DC c khuch i in p Av rt cao, thng
c ch to di dng thch hp.
Mt Opamp c hai ng vo, mt ng ra v ngun cp in +Vcc / - Vcc. Ng
vo o c in th V-, ng vo khng o c in th V+, ng ra c in th V 0.
Trng thi ng ra khi khng c mch hi tip tr v ng vo gi l trng thi
vng h. H s khuch trong trng thi ny k hiu l Avo. c gi l h s
khuch i vng h.
Ngy nay, Opamp c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, vi
tm tn s rt rng, t DC n hng GHz.
- p ng tn hiu ra theo cc tn hiu vo nh sau:
- a tn hiu vo ng vo o:
Vo = - Avo.VI
- a tn hiu vo ng vo khng o:
Vo = Avo. VI+
- a tn hiu vo ng thi hai ng vo:
trng thi tnh VI+ = VI- = 0 Vo = 0
Theo c tuyn truyn t in p vng h ca Opamp, c vng lm vic:
- Vng khuch: Vo = AvoV1 = 0Vs < V1 = VI+ - VI- < Vs
- Vng bo ha dng: Vo = +Vcc = VA
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V1 > Vs
- Vng bo ha m:
Vo = -Vcc Vi+ < Vi-
V1 < Vs Tnh ton cc gi tr linh kin trong mach
Gi s in tr ca quang transitor nh khng ng k, cho mch thu hot
ng khi quang transitor nhn c nh sng hng ngoi lm cho opamp dn bo
ha m, ta phi chn in tr m khi tnh hiu in th V- > V+
Gi s V+ = 2V, tc l VR3
M: VR3 + VR4 = 5V
VR4 = 5V VR3
VR4 = 5V 2V
VR4 = 3V
Ta chn R4 = 2k v R3 = 3k
kk
kv
RR
RVccV
23
2.5
43
4.
+=
+=+
V+ = 2V
V- > V+ khi quang transitor dn ta phi chn cc in tr sau:
Chn R1 = 2K
R2 = 3K
kk
kV
RR
RVccV
23
3.5
21
2.
+=
+=
V- = 3V
Vy khi quang transitor dn th hiu in th V- > V+ (3V > 2V), ng ra V0
ca chn s 6 mc thap.Cn khi quang transitor khng nhn c nh sng hng ngoi th quang
transitor khng dn cho nn V- = 0V. nn V+ > V-, ng ra V0 ca chn s 6 mc
cao.
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g) Vi iu khin Pic 16F877A
PIC l mt h vi iu khin RISC c sn xut bi cng ty MicrochipTechnology. PIC bt ngun t ch vit tt ca Programmable Intelligent
Computer (My tnh kh trnh thng minh) l mt sn phm ca hng GeneralInstruments t cho dng sn phm u tin ca h l PIC1650.
Ngy nay rt nhiu dng PIC c xut xng vi hng lot cc modulengoi vi tch hp sn (nh USART, PWM, ADC), vi b nh chng trnh t512 Word n 32K Word.
- PIC16F877A c 40 chn vi s phn chia cu trc nh sau :
+ C 5 port xut/nhp : A, B, C, D, E
+ C 8 knh chuyn i A/D 10-bit
+ T chc thanh ghi*Tm tt c im ca PIC16F877A
Tn s hot ng DC-20MHz
Reset v Delay POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)
B nh chng trnh Flash(14-bit word)
8K
B nh d liu (byte) 368
B nh d liu EEPROM (byte) 256
Cc ngt 15
Cc Port xut/nhp Port A, B, C, D, E
Timer 3
Module Capture/Compare/PWM 2
Giao tip ni tip MSSP, USART
Giao tip song song PSP
Module A/D 10-bit 8 knh ng vo
B so snh tng t 2Tp lnh 35 lnh
S chn 40 chn PDIP44 chn PLCC44 chn TQFP44 chn QFN
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*S chn v chc nng PIC 16F877A loi 40 chn PDIP
S chn Pic 16F877A loi 40 chn PDIP
Chc nng cc chn :
* Chn OSC1/CLKI (13): ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock bnngoi.
- OSC1: ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock bn ngoi. Ngvo Schmit trigger khi c cu to ch RC ; mt cch khc caCMOS.
- CLKI: ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi. Lun c kt hp vi chcnng OSC1.
* Chn OSC2/CLKO (13) : ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc xung clock- OSC2: Ng ra dao ng thch anh. Kt ni n thch anh hoc b cng
hng.
- CLKO: ch RC, ng ra ca OSC2, bng tn s ca OSC1 v ch ratc ca chu k lnh.
* Chn /VPP (1) :
- MCLR : Hot ngReset mc thp
- VPP : ng vo p lp trnh
* Chn RA0/AN0 (2) :- RA0 : xut/nhp s
- AN0 : ng vo tng t 0
* Chn RA1/NA1 (3) :
- RA1 : xut/nhp s
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- AN1 : ng vo tng t 1
* Chn RA2/NA2/VREF-/CVREF (4) :
- RA2 : xut/nhp s
- AN2 : ng vo tng t 2
- VREF -: ngvo in p chun (thp) ca b A/D
- CVREF: in p tham chiu VREF ng ra b so snh
* Chn RA3/NA3/VREF+ (5) :
- RA3 : xut/nhp s
- AN3 : ng vo tng t 3
- VREF+ : ng vo in p chun (cao) ca b A/D
* Chn RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT (6) :
- RA4 : xut/nhp s - m khi c cu to nh ng ra
- TOCKI : ng vo xung clock bn ngoi cho Timer 0
- C1 OUT : Ng ra b so snh 1
* Chn RA5/AN4/ /C2OUT (7) :
- RA5 : xut/nhp s
- AN4 : ng vo tng t 4
- SS : ng vo chn la SPI ph
- C2 OUT : ng ra b so snh 2* RB0/INT (33) :
- RB0 : xut/nhp s
- INT : ngt ngoi
* RB1 (34) : xut/nhp s* RB2 (35) : xut/nhp s
* RB3/PGC :
- RB3 : xut/nhp s
- Chn cho php lp trnh in p thp ICPS
* RB4 (37), RB5 (38) : xut/nhp s
* RB6/PGC (39):
- RB6 : xut/nhp s
- PGC : mch d sai v xung clock lp trnh ICSP
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* RB7/PGD (40):
- RB7: xut/nhp s
- PGD: mch d sai v d liu lp trnh ICSP
* Chn RC0/T1 OCO/T1CKI (15) :
- RC0 : xut/nhp s
- T1 OCO : ng vo b dao ng Timer 1
- T1 CKI : ng vo xung clock bn ngoi Timer 1
* Chn RC1/T1 OSI/CCP2 (16) :
- RC1 : xut/nhp s
- T1 OSI : ng vo b dao ng Timer 1
- CCP2 : ng vo Capture 2, ng ra compare 2, ng ra PWM2
* Chn RC2/CCP1 (17) :
- RC2 : xut/nhp s
- CCP1 : ng vo Capture 1, ng ra compare 1, ng ra PWM1
* Chn RC3/SCK/SCL (18):
- RC3 : xut/nhp s
- SCK : ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch SPI
- SCL : ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ ng ra ca ch I 2C
* Chn RC4/SDI/SDA (23) :- RC4 : xut/nhp s
- SDI : d liu vo SPI
- SDA : xut/nhp d liu vo I2C
* Chn RC5/SDO (24) :
- RC5 : xut/nhp s
- SDO : d liu ra SPI
* Chn RC6/TX/CK (25) :
- RC6 : xut/nhp s- TX : truyn bt ng b USART
- CK : xung ng b USART
* Chn RC7/RX/DT (26) :
- RC7 : xut/nhp s
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- RX : nhn bt ng USART
- DT : d liu ng b USART
* Chn RD0/PSP0 (19) :
- RD0 : xut/nhp s
- PSP0 : d liu port nhnh song song
* Chn RD1/PSP1 (20) :
- RD1 : xut/nhp s
- PSP1 : d liu port nhnh song song
* Cc chn RD2/PSP2 (21), RD3/PSP3 (22), RD4/PSP (27), RD5/PSP5(28), RD6/PSP6 (29), RD7/PSP7 (30) tng t chn 19,20.
* Chn RE0/ /AN6 (8) :
- RE0 : xut nhp s- RD : iu khin vic c port nhnh song song
- AN5 : ng vo tng t 5
* Chn RE1/ /AN6 (9) :
- RE1 : xut/nhp s
- WR : iu khin vic ghi port nhnh song song
- AN6 : ng vo tng t 6
* Chn RE2/ /AN7 (10) :- RE2 : xut/nhp s
- CS : Chip la chn s iu khin port nhnh song song
- AN7 : ng vo tng t 7* Chn VDD(11,32), v VSS(12,31) : l cc chn ngun ca PIC.
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3 3 p F
4 M H z
3 3 p F
O S
O S
Mach dao ong
Mach dao ong dung
thach anh c a vao
16F877A nham ong bo hoatong ben trong. S o ket
noi thach anh c mo ta nh
hnh ve:
Theo nha san xuat, gia
tr cua tu nam trong khoang
t 30pF 10pF
Chon tu CXTAL = CXTAL = 33pFTu co nhiem vu loc tan so c tao t dao ong
thach anh.
e chu ky may cua lenh la 1 s ta chon thach anh
co gia tr 4MHz.
Mach Reset
Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi nhn nt
RESET ngun Vcc t mc cao i qua in tr ko
p xung cn 0V, khi nhn nt in p ti cng tc
tri qua mt giai on qu , tn hiu nh gy
nhiu v cc tn hiu khng n nh khc trong
thi gian nhn nt s dao ng khng n nh
trong mt khong thi gian no . T c tc dng
lc bt tn hiu.
Cc nguyn nhn lm Reset PIC(POR, manual reset)- Reset khi PIC c cp ngun (Power-On Reset)- Reset bng tay khi cp mc logic 0 cho chn MCLR ca PIC- Reset khi ang ch SLEEP- Reset do b watchdog timer xy ra trn
R 2 4
R
M C L R
R E S E T
V C
+
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Thanh ghi chc nang ac biet SFR:ay la cac thanh ghi c s dung bi CPU hoac
c dung e thiet lap va ieu khien cac khoi chcnang c tch hp ben trong vi ieu khien. Co the phan
thanh ghi SFR lam hai loai: thanh ghi SFR lien quan en cacchc nang ben trong (CPU) va thanh ghi SRF dung ethiet lap va ieu khien cac khoi chc nang benngoai (v du nh ADC, PWM, ). Phan nay se e cap encac thanh ghi lien quan en cac chc nang ben trong.Cac thanh ghi dung e thiet lap va ieu khien cackhoi chc nang se c nhac en khi ta e cap encac khoi chc nang o.
Thanh ghi STATUS (03h, 83h, 103h, 183h): thanh ghi chaket qua thc hien phep toan cua khoi ALU, trang thai
reset va cac bit chon bank can truy xuat trong bo nh dlieu.
Thanh ghi OPTION_REG (81h, 181h): thanh ghi nay chophep oc va ghi, cho phep ieu khien chc nang pull-upcua cac chan trong PORTB, xac lap cac tham so vexung tac ong, canh tac ong cua ngat ngoai vi va boem Timer0.
Thanh ghi INTCON (0Bh, 8Bh,10Bh, 18Bh):thanh ghi chophep oc va ghi, cha cac bit ieu khien va cac bit chieu khi timer0 b tran, ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT va ngatinterrput- on-change tai cac chan cua PORTB.
Thanh ghi PIE1 (8Ch): cha cac bit ieu khien chi tietcac ngat cua cac khoi chc nang ngoai vi.
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Thanh ghi PIR1 (0Ch): cha c ngat cua cac khoichc nang ngoai vi, cac ngat nay c cho phepbi cac bit ieu khien cha trong thanh ghi PIE1.
Thanh ghi PIE2 (8Dh): cha cac bit ieu khien cacngat cua cac khoi chc nang CCP2, SSP bus, ngat
cua bo so sanh va ngat ghi vao bo nh EEPROM.
Thanh ghi PIR2 (0Dh): cha cac c ngat cua cac
khoi chc nang ngoai vi, cac ngat nay c cho phepbi cac bit ieu khien cha trong thanh ghi PIE2.
Thanh ghi PCON (8Eh): cha cac c hieu cho biettrang thai cac che o reset cua vi ieu khien.
Thanh ghi muc ch chung GPRCac thanh ghi nay co the c truy xuat trc tiep
hoac gian tiep thong qua thanh ghi FSG (File SelectRegister). ay la cac thanh ghi d lieu thong thng,ngi s dung co the tuy theo muc ch chng trnh maco the dung cac thanh ghi nay e cha cac bien so,hang so, ket qua hoac cac tham so phuc vu cho chngtrnh.
Cac cong xuat nhap cua pic16f877a
Cong xuat nhap (I/O port) chnh la phng tien ma viieu khien dung e tng tac i the gii ben ngoai.S tng tac nay rat a dang va thong qua qua trnhtng tac o, chc nang cua vi ieu khien c thehien mot cach ro rang.Mot cong xuat nhap cua vi ieu khien bao gom nhieuchan (I/O pin), tuy theo cach bo r va chc nang cua vi
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ieu khien ma so lng cong xuat nhap va so lngchan trong moi cong co the khac nhau. Ben canh o,do vi ieu khien c tch hp san ben trong cac ac tnhgiao tiep ngoai vi nen ben canh chc nang la congxuat nhap thong thng, mot so chan xuat nhap con
co them cac chc nang khac e the hien s tacong cua cac ac tnh ngoai vi neu tren oi vi thegii ben ngoai. Chc nang cua tng chan xuat nhaptrong moi cong hoan toan co the c xac lap vaieu khien c thong qua cac thanh ghi SFR lien quanen chan xuat nhap o.
Vi ieu khien PIC16F877A co 5 cong xuat nhap,gom PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, PORTD va PORTE. Cau truc vachc nng nh sau:
PORTA
PORTA (RPA) bao gom 6 I/O pin. ay la cac chan haichieu (bidirectional pin), gha la co the xuat va nhapc. Chc nang I/O nay c ieu khien bi thanh ghi
TRISA a ch 85h). Muon xac lap chc nang cua motchan trong PORTA la input, ta set bit ieu hien tng ngvi chan o trong thanh ghi TRISA va ngc lai, muonxac lap chc nang ua mot chan trong PORTA la output,ta clear bit ieu khien tng ng vi chan o trongthanh ghi TRISA. Thao tac nay hoan toan tng t oi vicac PORT va cac thanh ghi ieu hien tng ng TRIS (oi
vi PORTA la TRISA, oi vi PORTB la TRISB, oi viPORTCla TRISC, oi vi PORTD la TRISD vaoi vi ORTEla TRISE). Ben canh o PORTA con la ngo ra cua boADC, bo so sanh, ngo vao analog ngo vao xung clock cua
Timer0 va ngovao cua bo giao tiep MSSP (MasterSynchronous Serial Port).
Cac thanh ghi SFR lien quan en PORTA bao gom: PORTA (a ch 05h) : cha gia tr cac pin trong
PORTA. TRISA (a ch 85h) : ieu khien xuat nhap. CMCON (a ch 9Ch) : thanh ghi ieu khien bo so
sanh. CVRCON (a ch 9Dh) : thanh ghi ieu khien bo so
sanh ien ap. ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh) : thanh ghiieu khien bo ADC.
PORTB
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PORTB (RPB) gom 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khien xuatnhap tng ng la TRISB. Ben canh o mot so chancua PORTB con c s dung trong qua trnh nap chngtrnh cho vi ieu khien vi cac che o nap khac nhau.PORTB con lien quan en ngat ngoai vi va bo Timer0.
PORTB con c tch hp chc nang ien tr keo lenc ieu khien bi chng trnh. Cac thanh ghi SFR lienquan en PORTB bao gom. PORTB (a ch 06h,106h): chagia tr cac pin trong PORTB
TRISB (a ch 86h,186h) : ieu khien xuat nhapOPTION_REG (a ch 81h,181h) : ieu khien ngat
ngoai vi va bo Timer0.
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PORTCPORTC (RPC) gom 8 pin I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khien xuat
nhap tng ng la TRISC. Ben canh o PORTC con chacac chan chc nang cua bo so sanh, bo Timer1, boPWM va cac chuan giao tiep noi tiep I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
Cac thanh ghi ieu khien lien quan en PORTC: PORTC (ach 07h): cha gia tr cac pin trong PORTC TRISC (a ch87h): ieu khien xuat nhap.
PORTDPORTD (RPD) gom 8 chan I/O, thanh ghi ieu khien
xuat nhap tng ng la TRISD.PORTD con la cong xuat d lieu cua chuan giao
tiep PSP (Parallel Slave Port).Cac thanh ghi lien quan en PORTD bao gom:
Thanh ghi PORTD : cha gia tr cac pin trong PORTD. Thanh ghi TRISD : ieu khien xuat nhap. Thanh ghi TRISE : ieu khien xuat nhap PORTE va
chuan giao tiep PSP.PORTE
PORTE (RPE) gom 3 chan I/O. Thanh ghi ieu khienxuat nhap tng ng la TRISE. Cac chan cua PORTE congo vao analog. Ben canh o PORTE con la cac chanieu khien cua chuan giao tiep PSP.
Cac thanh ghi lien quan en PORTE bao gom: PORTE : cha gia tr cac chan trong PORTE. TRISE : ieu khien xuat nhap va xac lap cac
thong so cho chuan giao tiep PSP. ADCON1 : thanh ghi ieu khien khoi ADC.
TIMER1Timer1 la bo nh thi 16 bit, gia tr cua Timer1 se
c lu trong hai thanh ghi (TMR1H:TMR1L). C ngat cuaTimer1 la bit TMR1IF (PIR1). Bit ieu khien cuaTimer1se la TMR1IE (PIE).
Timer1 co hai che o hoat ong: che o nh thi(timer) vi xung kch la xung clock cua oscillator (tan socua timer bang tan so cua oscillator) va che o em(counter) vi xung kch la xung phan anh cac s kiencan em lay t ben ngoai thong qua chanRC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (canh tac ong la canh len). Viec lachon xung tac ong (tng ng vi viec la chon cheo hoat ong la timer hay counter) c ieu khien bibit TMR1CS (T1CON).
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Sau ay la s o khoi cua Timer1:
Ngoai ra Timer1 con co chc nang reset input ben
trong c ieu khien bi mot trong hai khoi CCP(Capture/Compare/PWM). Khi bit T1OSCEN (T1CON) cset, Timer1 se lay xung clock t hai chan RC1/T1OSI/CCP2va RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI lam xung em. Timer1 se bat auem sau canh xuong au tien cua xung ngo vao. Khi oPORTC se bo qua s tac ong cua hai bit TRISC vaPORTC c gan gia tr 0. Khi clear bit T1OSCEN Timer1se lay xung em t oscillator hoac t chanRC0/T1OSO/T1CKI. Timer1 co hai che o em la ong bo(Synchronous) va bat ong bo (Asynchronous). Che o
em c quyet nh bi bit ieu khien (T1CON). Khi=1 xung em lay t ben ngoai se khong c ong bohoa vi xung clock ben trong, Timer1 se tiep tuc qua trnhem khi vi ieu khien ang che o sleep va ngat do
Timer1 tao ra khi b tran co kha nang anh thc viieu khien. che o em bat ong bo, Timer1 khongthe c s dung e lam nguon xung clock cho khoi CCP(Capture/Compare/Pulse width modulation). Khi =0 xung emvao Timer1 se c ong bo hoa vi xung clock bentrong. che o nay Timer1 se khong hoat ong khi vi
ieu khien ang che o sleep.Cac thanh ghi lien quan en Timer1 bao gom: INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho phep ngat
hoat ong (GIE va PEIE). PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngat Timer1 (TMR1IF). PIE1( a ch 8Ch): cho phep ngat Timer1 (TMR1IE).
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TMR1L (a ch 0Eh): cha gia tr 8 bit thap cua boem Timer1.
TMR1H (a ch 0Eh): cha gia tr 8 bit cao cua boem Timer1.
T1CON (a ch 10h): xac lap cac thong so choTimer
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GII THIU V NGT (INTERRUPT)PIC16F877A co en 15 nguon tao ra hoat ong ngat c
ieu khien bi thanh ghi INTCON (bit GIE). Ben canh o moingat con co mot bit ieu khien va c ngat rieng. Cac cgat van c set bnh thng khi thoa man ieu kien ngat
xay ra bat chap trang thai cua bit GIE, tuy nhien hoat ongngat van phu thuoc vao bit GIE va cac bit ieu khien khac.Bit ieu khien ngat RB0/INT va TMR0 nam trong thanh ghiINTCON, thanh ghi nay con cha bit cho phep cac ngat ngoai viPEIE. Bit ieu khien cac ngat nam trong thanh ghi PIE1 vaPIE2. C ngat cua cac ngat nam trong thanh ghi PIR1 vaPIR2.
Trong mot thi iem ch co mot chng trnh ngat cthc thi, chng trnh ngat c ket thuc bang lenh RETFIE. Khichng trnh ngat c thc thi, bit GIE t ong c xoa, a
ch lenh tiep theo cua chng trnh chnh c cat vao trongbo nh Stack va bo em chng trnh se ch en a ch0004h. Lenh RETFIEc dung e thoat khoi chng trnh ngatva quay tr ve chng trnh chnh, ong thi bit GIE cung sec set e cho phep cac ngat hoat ong tr lai. Cac chieu c dung e kiem tra ngat nao ang xay ra va phaic xoa bang chng trnh trc khi cho phep ngat tiep tuchoat ong tr lai e ta co the phat hien c thi iemtiep theo ma ngat xay ra.
oi vi cac ngat ngoai vi nh ngat t chan INT hay ngatt s thay oi trang thai cacpin cua PORTB (PORTB Interrupt onchange), viec xac nh ngat nao xay ra can 3 hoac 4 chu klenh tuy thuoc vao thi iem xay ra ngat.
Can chu y la trong qua trnh thc thi ngat, ch co giatr cua bo em chng trnh c cat vao trong Stack, trong khimot so thanh ghi quan trong se khong c cat va co the b
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thay oi gia tr trong qua trnh thc thi chng trnh ngat. ieunay nen c x l bang chng trnh e tranh hien tngtren xay ra.
NGAT INTNgat nay da tren s thay oi trang thai cua pin
RB0/INT. Canh tac ong gay ra ngat co the la canh len haycanh xuong va c ieu khien bi bit INTEDG (thanh ghiOPTION_ REG ). Khi co canh tac ong thch hp xuat hientai pin RB0/INT, c ngat INTF c set bat chap trang thai cacbit ieu khien GIE va PEIE. Ngat nay co kha nang anhthc vi ieu khien t che o sleep neu bit cho phep ngatc set trc khi lenh SLEEP c thc thi.
NGAT DO S THAY OI TRANG THAI CAC PIN TRONGPORT.
Cac pin PORTB c dung cho ngat nay va c
ieu khien bi bit RBIE (thanh ghi INTCON). C ngat cuangat nay la bit RBIF (INTCON)
CAU TRUC CUA MOT CHNG TRNH NGATCo the noi ay la mot khai niem mang tnh tru tng
cao nhng cung c thiet lap da tren cac hien tng vatnh huong co thc trong thc te. Chang han nh trong cuocsong hang ngay, oi khi ta phai tam ngng mot cong viecnao o e lam mot cong viec khac can thiet hn, changhan nh tam ngng mot cong viec nao o ang lam e ngheien thoai. S tam ngng nay can c bao hieu bi mot tn
hieu (trong trng hp tren la chuong ien thoai chang han)va phai c ta cho phep trc o (neu ta khong cho phepien thoai reo th ien thoai se khong reo). T v du thc tetren ta co the lien tng en ngat va cach x l ngat cuamot vi ieu khien. Mot ngat la mot tn hieu ieu khien batbuoc vi ieu khien tam ngng cong viec ang lam e tienhanh cac thao tac ma ngat o qui nh thong qua chngtrnh ngat. Tn hieu ieu khien nay c bao hieu bi cngat (tng ng vi chuong ien thoai v du tren) va phaic ta cho phep trc o thong qua cac bit ieu khien cho
phep hoac khong cho phep ngat. Mot chng trnh ngatthong thng se c tach rieng vi chng trnh chnh ebao am tnh oc lap cua chng trnh ngat.
oi vi vi ieu khien PIC16F877A, khi mot ngat (a ccho phep trc o) xay ra th phan ng cua no la quayve a ch 0004h va thc hien cac lenh bat au tai a chnay.Thong thng oi vi chng trnh viet cho vi ieu khien
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PIC, chng trnh ngat se c at tai ay va chng trnh chnhse c bat au mot a ch cach o mot oan antoan sao cho chng trnh chnh va chng trnh ngat khong bichong len nhau. Neu ta s dung trnh bien dch MPLAB, trnhbien dch se bao loi khi hien tng tren xay ra va ta co
the khac phuc bang cach di chng trnh chnh i mot oanxa hn.
Mot iem can lu y na la trong qua trnh thc hienchng trnh ngat, noi dung cuamot so thanh ghi quan trong cokha nang b thay oi (thanh ghi W chang han). Do o trc khithc hien chng trnh ngat ta can thc hien mot thao tac lacat mot so thanh ghi quan trong vao mot vai o nh naoo va phai tra lai gia tr ban au cho cac thanh ghi otrc khi thoat khoi chng trnh ngat bang lenh RETFIE..
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TAP LENH CUA VI IEUKHIEN PIC
1. Lenh ADDLWCu phap: ADDLW k (0
k255)Tac dung: cong gia tr kvao thanh ghi W, ket quac cha trong thanh ghi W.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z
2. Lenh ADDWFCu phap: ADDWF f,d(0f255, d[0,1]).
Tac dung: cong gia tr haithanh ghi W va thanh ghi f.
Ket qua c cha trongthanh ghi W neu d = 0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d =1.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z
3. Lenh ANDLWCu phap: ANDLW k (0k255)
Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan AND gia thanh ghi vagia tr k, ket qua ccha trong thanh ghi W.
Bit trang thai: Z4. Lenh ANDWF
Cu phap: ANDWF f,d(0f127, d [0,1]).
Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan AND gia cac gia trcha trong hai thanh ghi W vaf. Ket qua c a vaothanh ghi W neu d=0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d = 1.
Bit trang thai: Z5. Lenh BCFCu phap: BCF f,b (0f127,0b7)
Tac dung: xoa bit b trongthanh ghi f vegia tr 0.
Bit trang thai: khong co.
6. Lenh BSF
Cu phap: BSF f,b(0f127, 0b7)
Tac dung: set bit b trong trnhghi f.Bit trang thai: khong co
7. Lenh BTFSSCu phap: BTFSS f,b(0f127, 0b7)
Tac dung: kiem tra bit b trongthanh ghi f. Neu bit b bang 0,
lenh tiep theo c thc thi.Neu bit b bang 1, lenh tieptheo c bo qua va thayvao o la lenh NOP.Bit trang thai: khong co
8. Lenh BTFSCCu phap: BTFSC f,b(0f127, 0b7)
Tac dung: kiem tra bit b trongthanh ghi f. Neu bit b bang 1,
lenh tiep theo c thc thi.Neu bit b bang 0, lenh tieptheo c bo qua va thayvao o la lenh NOP.Bit trang thai: khong co
9. Lenh CALLCu phap: CALL k (0k2047)
Tac dung: goi mot chngtrnh con. Trc het a chquay tr ve t chng trnh
con (PC+1) c cat vaotrong Stack, gia tr a chmi c a vao bo emgom 11 bit cua bien k va 2bit PCLATH.Bit trang thai: khong co
10. Lenh CLRF
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Cu phap CLRF f (0f127)Tac dung: xoa thanh ghi f vabit Z cset.Bit trang thai: Z
11. Lenh CLRW Cu phap CLRW
Tac dung: xoa thanh ghi Wva bit Z c set.Bit trang thai: Z
12. Lenh CLRWDTCu phap: CLRWDT
Tac dung: reset WatchdogTimer, ongthi prescaler cung c
reset, cac bitva c set len 1.Bit trang thai: ,
13. Lenh COMFCu phap: COMF f,d(0f127, d[0,1]).
Tac dung: ao cac bit trongthanh ghi f.Ket qua c a vao thanhghi W neu
d=0 hoac thanh ghi f neud=1.Bit trang thai: Z
14. Lenh DECFCu phap: DECF f,d(0f127, d[0,1]).
Tac dung: gia tr thanh ghi fc giam i 1 n v. Ketqua c a vao thanh ghiW neu d = 0 hoac thanh ghi f
neu d = 1.Bit trang thai: Z15. Lenh DECFSZ
Cu phap: DECFSZ f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: ga tr thanh ghi fc giam 1 n v. Neu ket
qua sau khi giam khac 0,lenh tiep theo c thc thi,neu ket qua bang 0, lenhtiep theo khong c thc thiva thay vao o la lenh
NOP. Ket qua c a vaothanh ghi W neu d = 0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d = 1.Bit trang thai: khong co
16. Lenh GOTOCu phap: GOTO k (0k2047)
Tac dung: nhay ti motlabel c nhngha bi tham so k va 2 bitPCLATH
.Bit trang thai: khong co.
17. Lenh INCFCu phap: INCF f,d(0f127, d [0,1])
Tac dung: tang gia tr thanhghi f len 1 n v. Ket quac a vao thanh ghi Wneu d = 0 hoac thanh ghi fneu d = 1.
Bit trang thai: Z 3.2.18 LenhINCFSZCu phap: INCFSZ f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: tang gia tr thanhghi f len 1 n v. Neu ketqua khac 0, lenh tiep theoc thc thi, neu ket quabang 0, lenh tiep theo cthay bang lenh NOP. Ket
qua se c a vao thanhghi f neu d=1 hoac thanh ghiW neu d =0.Bit trang thai: khong co.
18. Lenh IORLWCu phap: IORLW k (0k255)
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Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan OR giathanh ghi W va gia tr k. Ketqua ccha trong thanh ghi W.
Bit trang thai: Z19. Lenh IORWF
Cu phap: IORWF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan OR giahai thanh ghi W va f. Ket quac avao thanh ghi W neu d=0hoac thanh ghi f neu d=1.
Bit trang thai: Z
20. Lenh RLFCu phap: RLF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: dch trai cac bittrong thanh ghi f qua c carry.Ket qua c lu trong thanhghi W neu d=0 hoac thanh ghif neu d=1.
Bit trang thai: C21. Lenh RETURN
Cu phap: RETURNTac dung: quay tr vechng trnh chnh t motchng trnh conBit trang thai:khong co
22. Lenh RRFCu phap: RRF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: dch phai cac bittrong thanh ghi f qua c carry.Ket qua c lu trong thanhghi W neu d=0 hoac thanh ghif neu d=1.
Bit trang thai: C23. Lenh SLEEP
Cu phap: SLEEPTac dung: a vi ieu khienve che osleep. Khi o WDT b xoa ve0, bit
c xo ve 0, bit c setlen 1 vaoscillator khong c chophep hoat ong.Bit trang thai: TO,PD
24. Lenh SUBLWCu phap: SUBLW k
Tac dung: lay gia tr k trgia tr trongthanh ghi W. Ket qua c
cha trongthanh ghi W.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z
25. Lenh SUBWFCu phap: SUBWF f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: lay gia tr trongthanh ghi f em tr cho thanhghi W. Ket qua c lu trongthanh ghiaW neu d=0 hoac
thanh ghi f neu d=1.Bit trang thai: C, DC, Z
26. Lenh SWAPCu phap: SWAP f,d(0f127, d[0,1])
Tac dung: ao 4 bit thapvi 4 bit cao trong thanh ghi f.Ket qua c cha trongthanh ghi W neu d=0 hoacthanh ghi f neu d=1.
Bit trang thai: khong co27. Lenh XORLWCu phap: XORLW k (0k255)
Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan XOR gia gia tr k vagia tr trong thanh ghi W. Ket
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qua c lu trong thanh ghiW.Bit trang thai: Z
28. Lenh XORWFCu phap: XORWF f,d
Tac dung: thc hien pheptoan XOR gia hai gia trcha trong thanh ghi W vathanh ghi f. Ket qua c luvao trong thanh ghi W neud=0 hoac thanh ghi f neud=1.Bit trang thai: ZNgoai cac lenh tren con
co mot so lenh dung trong
chng trnh nh:29. Lenh #DIFINE
Cu phap: #DEFINE
Tac dung: thay the motchuoi k t nay bang motchuoi k t khac, co nghala moi khi chuoi k t text1xuat hien trong chng trnh,trnh bien dch se t ong
thay the chuoi k t obang chuoi k t .
30. Lenh INCLUDECu phap: #INCLUDE
hoac #INCLUDEfilename
Tac dung: nh kem motfile khac vao chng trnh,tng t nh viec ta copy file
o vao v tr xuat hienlenh INCLUDE. Neu dung cuphap th file nhkem la file he thong (stemfile), neu dung cu phapfilename th file nh kem lafile cua ngi s dung.
Thong thng chng trnhc nh kem theo motheader file cha cac thongtin nh ngha cac bien(thanh ghi W, thanh ghi F,..) va
cac a ch cau cac thanhghi chc nang ac biettrong bo nh d lieu. Neukhong co header file, chngtrnh se kho oc va khohieu hn.
31. Lenh CONSTANTCuphap:CONSTANT
=Tac dung: khai bao mot
hang so, co ngha la khiphat hien chuoi k t nametrong chng trnh, trnh biendch se t ong thay bangchuoi k t bang gia trvalue a c nh nghatrc o.
32. Lenh VARIABLECphp:VARIABLE=
Tac dung: tng t nh lenhCONSTANT, ch co iemkhac biet duy nhat la giatr value khi dung lenhVARIABLE co the thay oic trong qua trnh thc thichng trnh con lenhCONSTANT th khong.
33. Lenh SET Cu phap:
SET Tac dung: gan gia tr cho
mot ten bien. Ten cua
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bien co the thay oi ctrong qua trnh thc thi chngtrnh.
34. Lenh EQUCu phap:
EQU Tac dung: gan gia tr cho
ten cua ten cua hang so.Ten cua hang so khongthay oi trong qua trnh thcthi chng trnh.
35. Lenh ORG36. Cu phap: ORG
Tac dung: nh ngha mot
a ch cha chng trnhtrong bo nh chng trnhcua vi ieu khien.
37. Lenh ENDCu phap: ENDTac dung: anh dau ket
thuc chng trnh.38. Lenh __CONFIG
Cu phap:Tac dung: thiet lap cac bit
ieu khien cac khoi chcnang cua vi ieu khienc cha trong bo nhchng trnh (Configuration bit).
39. Lenh PROCESSORCu phap: PROCESSOR
Tac dung: nh ngha vi
ieu khien nao s dungchng trnh.
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M T S THANH GHI TRONG PIC 16F877AThanh ghi STATUS: a ch 03h, 83h, 103h, 183h
Bit 7: IRP bit chon bank bo nh d lieu can truyxuat (dung cho a ch gian tiep).
IRP = 0: bank 2,3 (t 100h en 1FFh)IRP = 1: bank 0,1 (t 00h en FFh)
Bit 6,5:RP1:RP0 hai bit chon bank bo nh d lieu cantruy xuat (dung cho a ch trctiep)
Bit 4: bit ch th trang thai cua WDT(Watch DogTimer)
=1 khi vi ieu khien va c cap nguon, hoac saukhi lenh CLRWDT hay SLEEP c thc thi.
=0 khi WDT b tranBit 3: bit ch th trang thai nguon
= 1 khi vi ieu khien c cap nguon hoac sau lenhCLRWDT= 0 sau khi lenh SLEEP c thc thiBit 2: Z bit Zero
Z =1 khi ket qua cua phep toan hay logic bang 0Z = 0 khi ket qua cua phep toan hay logic khac 0
Bit 1: DC Digit carry/BorrowDC = 1 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len 4 bit
thap co nh.DC = 0 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len 4 bit
thap khong co nh.Bit 0 C Carry/borrowC =1 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len bit MSB co
nh.C=0 khi ket qua phep toan tac ong len bit MSB
khong co nh.Thanh ghi SFR: a ch 04h.
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Thanh ghi cha con tro a ch gian tiep cua bonh d lieu. P2.5 Thanh ghi PORTA: a ch 05h.Thanh ghi cha gia tr nhan vao hay xuat ra PORTA.
Thanh ghi PCLATCH: a ch 0Ah, 8Ah, 10Ah, 18Ah.Thanh ghi ong vai tro la buffer em trong qua trnh ghi
gia tr len 5 bit cao cua boem chng trnh PC.
Thanh ghi INTCON: a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh.Thanh ghi cha cac bit ieu khien va cac bit c hieu
khi timer0 b tran, ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT va ngat interrput-on-change tai cac chan cua PORTB.
Bit 7 GIE Global Interrupt Enable bitGIE = 1 cho phep tat ca cac ngat.GIE = 0 khong cho phep tat ca cac ngat.
Bit 6 PEIE Pheripheral Interrupt Enable bitPEIE = 1 cho phep tat ca cac ngat ngoai viPEIE = 0 khong cho phep tat ca cac ngat ngoai vi
Bit 5 TMR0IE Timer0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bitTMR0IE = 1 cho phep ngat Timer0TMR0IE = 0 khong cho phep ngat Timer0
Bit 4 RBIE RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bitRBIE = 1 cho phep ngat ngoai vi RB0/INTRBIE = 0 khong cho phep ngat ngoai vi RB0/INT
Bit 3 RBIE RB Port change Interrupt Enable bitRBIE = 1 cho phep ngat RB Port changeRBIE = 0 khong cho phep ngat RB Port change
Bit 2 TMR0IF Timer0 Interrupt Flag bitTMR0IF = 1 thanh ghi TMR0 b tran (phai xoa bang chngtrnh) .
TMR0IF = 0 thanh ghi TMR0 cha b tran. Bit 1 INTF BR0/INTExternal Interrupt Flag bit
INTF = 1 ngat RB0/INT xay ra (phai xoa c hieu bangchng trnh).
INTF = 0 ngat RB0/INT cha xay ra.Bit 0 RBIF RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
RBIF = 1 t nhat co mot chan RB7:RB4 co s thay oitrang thai.Bit nay phai c xoa bang chng trnh sau khia kiem tra lai cac gia tr cua cac chan tai PORTB.
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RBIF = 0 khong co s thay oi trang thai cac chanRB7:RB4.
Thanh ghi T1CON: a ch 10hThanh ghi ieu khien Timer1.
Bit 7,6 Khong quan tam va mang gia tr mac nh bang0.
Bit 5,4 T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Timer1 Input Clock Prescaler Selectbit11 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:8
10 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:401 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:200 t so chia tan so cua prescaler la 1:1Bit 3 T1OSCEN Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bitT1OSCEN = 1 cho phep Timer1 hoat ong vi xung do
oscillator cung cap.T1OSCEN = 0 khong cho phep Timer1 hoat ong vi xung
do oscillator cungcap (tat bo chuyen oi xung ben trong Timer1).Bit 2 Timer1 ternal Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
Khi TMR1CS = 1:= 1 khong ong bo xung clock ngoai vi a vao Timer1.= 0 ong bo xung clock ngoai vi a vao Timer1.
Khi TMR1CS = 0Bit khong c quan tam do Timer1 s dung xung clock
bentrong.Bit 1 TMR1CS Timer1 Clock Source Select bitTMR1CS = 1 chon xung em la xung ngoai vi lay t pin
RC0/T1OSC/T1CKI
(canh tac ong la canh len).TMR1CS = 0 chon xung em la xung clock ben trong(FOSC/4).Bit 0 TMR1ON Timer1 On bitTMR1ON = 1 cho phep Timer1 hoat ong.TMR1ON = 0 Timer1 ngng hoat ong.
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Thanh ghi OPTION_REG: a ch 81h, 181hThanh ghi nay cho phep ieu khien chc nang pull-upcua cac pin trong PORTB, xac lap cac tham so vexungtac ong, canh tac ong cua ngat ngoai vi va bo em
Timer0.
Bit 7 PORTB pull-up enable bit= 1 khong cho phep chc nang pull-up cua PORTB= 0 cho phep chc nang pull-up cua PORTB
Bit 6 INTEDG Interrupt Edge Select bitINTEDG = 1 ngat xay ra khi canh dng chan RB0/INT
xuat hien.INTEDG = 0 ngat xay ra khi canh am chan BR0/INT xuat
hien.Bit 5 TOCS Timer0 Clock Source select bitTOSC = 1 clock lay t chan RA4/TOCK1.
TOSC = 0 dung xung clock ben trong (xung clock nay bangvi xung clockdung e thc thi lenh).
Bit 4 TOSE Timer0 Source Edge Select bitTOSE = 1 tac ong canh len.TOSE = 0 tac ong canh xuong.Bit 3 PSA Prescaler Assignment Select bit
PSA = 1 bo chia tan so (prescaler) c dung cho WDTPSA = 0 bo chia tan so c dung cho Timer0Bit 2:0 PS2:PS0 Prescaler Rate Select bit
Cac bit nay cho phep thiet lap t so chia tan so cuaPrescaler.
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II- Chng II: XY DNG THANG M Y
1.S khiBoard mch iu khin c thit k nhm mc ch iu khin mt m hnh
Thang my n gin c th chia ra lm 6 khinh sau :
Khi x l trung tm : dng vi iu khin PIC 16F877A.
Khi hin th ( tng v ch th hoat ng) : Dng Led 7 on v led n chophp hin th v tr Thang v cc trng thi: Ln , Xung, Ngh, M ca cho ng id ng.
Khi b n phm (ch n t ng v gi tng): dng gi thang n t tng btk v ch n t ng c n di chuy n n).
Khoi dong c: dung ong c DC 12V
Khi ngun : ngun chnh cung cp in p cho ton mch v ng c.
*S khi m t mch :
Khoinguon
KHOI
XLY
Khoihien th
Khoiong c
Khoiban phm
Khoi
cambien
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*Chi tit cc khi:
a) Khi ngun:
c th to ra mt in p c nh ta dng mch ngun c s nh diy:.
Mch n p c Transistor khuych i mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng
in p ti im B khng thay i v tng i phng.Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B
ca Transistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBEtng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p chn E ca n tng , v ngc li ...
IC n p hLA78.. IC n p LA7805
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b) Khi bn phm:
y l loi bn phm ma trn gm nhiu nt nhn ghp li theo hng v ctnn xc ng nt c nhn ta phi thc hin thao tc qut hang v qut ct nhsau :
au tien ta cho cac pin ca PIC xut tn hiu noi vihang xuat ra mc logic =1(tng ng ien ap 5v). Khio cac pin noi vi cot se nhan c mc ien apthap do phai i qua cac day ien tr lam giam ienap. Khi ta an nut cac pin nhan tn hieu se nhan cien ap 5v, do luc nay pin xuat va pin nhan noi trctiep vi nhau, sau o ta kiem tra xem pin nao nhan cien ap mc cao ri ta chuyen trang thai I/O cua cacpin . Chuyen pin nhan thanh pin xuat tn hieu va ngclai.
Tiep theo ta tiep tuc thc hien quet hang xem hangnao nhan c tn hieu mc cao , t o ta suy ra v trnut an ang c nhan. Vi cach quet ma tran phmnay ta khong can cap nguon cho nut an ma co thedung trc tiep p cac pin trong PIC.
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c) Khi cm bin:
Cm bin c s dung trong mach nay la cam bienquang, mch c mc nh sau:
1 k
1 k
5 V
L E D
5 V
1 k
-
+3
2
1
8
4
4 7 0
R
P o r t
Q 6
P H O T O N P N
*Mach phat: c cau tao bi 1 ien tr mc ni tipvi 1 Led hng ngoi. Led ny dng phat tn hieu bao tang vqu giang. Mach phat ny c at tai moi tang va phatlien tuc.
*Mach thu:Khi mi cp ngun quang transitor c nhn nh sng t led hng ngoi
lm cho transistor dn to ra in p cao ti chn s 2(v-) cu OPAMP lm cho
OPAMP dn bo ha m ( V-> V+) ng raVo =0v .Pic khng cm nhn c tn
hiu. Cn khi c vt phm i qua th quang transictor khng cm nhn c tn hiu
nh sng hng ngoi lc ny transictor quang khng dn tao ra in p 0V ti chn
s 2(V-) lm cho OPAMP dn bo ha dng(V+ > V-) .Ng ra Vo =Vcc=5V, luc
ny pic cm nhn c tn hiu x l.
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4
3
6
5
1
2
M
O
T
O
R
C
A
B
I
N
C 1 8 1 54
3
6
5
1
2
C 1 8 1 5
M
O
T
O
R
C
U
A
L S 5
4
3
6
5
1
2
C 1 8 1 5
C 1 8 1 5
4
3
6
51
2
1 2 V
d) Khi hin thKhi hin th gm cc Led n hin th trng thi ca thangv Led 7
on dng hin th tng.*Hin th Led n:Gm 4 led n c ni vo 4 chn RC4, RC5, RC6, RC7, nhng in p ra
t pic l 5V v dng in khong 1A, nn ta mc ni tip thm cc in tr 470 gim p cn khong 2V v dng in cn khong 10mA, cc led s sng khi c tnhiu xut ra t Pic.
*Hin th tng viLed 7 on:Bnh thng, Led 7 c th mc trc tip vi 7 chn ca Led 7 vi 7 chn ca
mt Port trong Pic. Nhng tit kim Port, n gin cho lp trnh v do Led7 mctheo kiuAnot chung, nn ta s dng IC74LS47 tng ng tc ng mc thp mcvo gii m.
Cc chn 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 s mc tng ng vi cc chn a, b, c, d,e,f, g. Cc chn A, B, C, D s ni vi 4 chn ( RD4, RD5, RD6, RD7) ca Port D.
M BCD xut ra t Pic s c gii m v xut ra cc s t 0 n 9e) Khi iu khin ng cM hnh thang my gm 2 ng c: ng c ng mca thng my v
ng c iu khin CaBin. Dng vi in p l 12V. Mi ng c c ochiu quay bng 2 Relay ni cho theo s sau:
Khi chn B transistor c kch t pic vo relay 1 th Trasistor ng li dnin t ngun 12V lam relay hot ng. Khi ngun in 12V qua chn 6 lc nyni vi chn 5 cp ngun vo ng c, cng lc chn 3 ni vi 4 dn in v mass.ng c s quay thun.
i vi relay 2 do c mc ngc vi relay 1 ( chn 4 ni vi ngun, chn6 ni vi mass), nn khi hoat ng s iu khin ng c quay ngc chiu li.
Tng t i vi hai relay cn li
S nguyn l
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2) Lu gii thut:Cau truc thc hien
Start
X ly nut
Kiem tra tnhtrang thang
ieu khienhoat ong
ong m
END
Hien th
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Y
N
N
Y
X ly nut nhan
Start
Kiem tranut
nhancha?
Nut abamcha?
Nhap so
tang
Thoat
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N
Y
Y
N
Hien th tang
Start
Thangco
anglen?
Tang gia trthanh ghi
So sanhgia tr
cam bien
Giam giatr thanh ghi
Xuat ma
THOA
T
Kiem tratn hieu
cambien
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N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
Tnh trang Cabin Start
Thang
anglen?
Thangang
xuong?
Thangang
ngh?
Co goitang?
Tanggoi >hay
hoac hay
hoac< hntang goi len
ieu khien
thang len
X ly goi
Y
emhettangcha?
Tang tang
Start
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N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
ieu khien ong m ca
Xoa cacgia tr
Mhet?
M
Anm?
Anong?
Delay
ong
onghet?
ieukhien
Kiem tratn hieudng
Start
Thot
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Y
Y
Y
YY
N
N
N
N N
S o ieu khien thang
Start
TangCabin= 4?
TangCabin= 1?
Thangco
ang ilen?
Tang
goi co>Cabin?
Tang
goi co cabinGOTO Thuc Thi D ; Tang goi < cabin
Thuc Thi CCALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Len
Thuc Thi D
CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Len;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang len c bam;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xu Ly Goi Tang LenMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi
MOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut nhan goitang len bat
MOVLW 64H au t thanh ghi co a ch64H
MOVWF FSRThuc Thi 1
MOVLW 00H ;Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh gia tr tng thanh ghi
co bang 0BTFSC STATUS,Z e biet a goi tang cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi A1 ;Cha goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B1 ;a goi tang
Thuc Thi A1INCF FSR ;Tang th t thanh ghi len 1
gia trDECFSZ COUNTER ,1 ;KT a so sanh het cac gia
tr goi chaGOTO Thuc Thi 1 ; Cha so sanh het
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GOTO Xu Ly Cabin; a so sanh hetThuc Thi B1
MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cambien vao W
XORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang
tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khongGOTO Thuc Thi C1 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi D1;Cabin khong bang tang goi
Thuc Thi C1CALL Dong Mo Cua ;thc hien ong m caDECFSZ Nghi,1 ;Kiem tra thang may co
ngh chaGOTO Thuc Thi A1 ;thang may van con hoat ongGOTO Nghi ;Thang may a ngh
Thuc Thi D1MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cam
bien vao WSUBWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin > hay Tang goi
Thuc Thi E1BTFSC PORT C,5 ; Kiem tra thang co ang i
xuong khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi G1; Thang ang i xuongGOTO Thuc Thi A1 ; Thang ang i len
Thuc Thi F1 BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Kiem tra thang co ang i lenkhong ?
GOTO Thuc Thi I1 ; Thang ang i lenGOTO Thuc Thi H1;Thang ang i xuong
Thuc Thi G1MOVF INDF,W ; Chuyen gia tr tang goi vao
WMOVWF SS ; Chuyen gia tr t W vao
thanh ghi SSMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha
thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 1 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat au
MOVLW 67H t thanh ghi co a ch 67HMOVWF FSR
Thuc Thi K1MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong?
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BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi J1 ; Khong co goi tangMOVF SS,W ; Co goi tang (chuyen gia tr
t SS vao W)SUBWF SS,0 ;So sanh tang goi len hien
hanh co < tangBTFSC STATUS,0 goi xuong a goi khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi L1 ; Tang goi len < tang goi
xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x ly
CabinThuc Thi J1
INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER1,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh
ghi cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi K1 ; Cha so sanh het
GOTO Thuc Thi A1 ; a so sanh hetThuc Thi I1CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x ly
CabinThuc Thi L1
CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Cabin ; Chuyen sang phan x
ly Cabin;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang trong Cabin cbam;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xu Ly Goi CaBinMOVLW d04 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goiMOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut bam ben
trong Cabin,
MOVLW 60H bat au t thanh ghi co ach 60HMOVWF FSR
Thuc Thi 2
MOVLW 00H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; So sanh gia tr trong thanh ghi
co = 0 ?
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BTFSC STATUS,Z e biet co goi tang khongGOTO Thuc Thi A2 ; Co goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B2 ; Khong goi tang
Thuc Thi A2INCF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1
DECFSZ COUNTER,1; Giam 1 gia tr thanh ghiCOUNTERGOTO Thuc Thi 2 ; Cha so sanh hetGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong ; a so sanh het
Thuc Thi B2MOVF Cambien,W ;So sanh tang goi co bang v
tr CabinXORWF INDF,0 khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi C2 ; Tang goi = CabinGOTO Thuc Thi D2; Tang goi khong bang Cabin
Thuc Thi C2CALL Dong Mo Cua ;Thc hien ong m caDECFSZ Nghi,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co
ngh cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi A2 ;Thang may van hoat ongGOTO Nghi ; Thang may a ngh
Thuc Thi D2MOVF Cambien,W ; So sanh tang goi > hay < v tr
CabinSUBWF INDF,0BTFSC STATUS,0
GOTO Thuc Thi E2 ;Tang goi > v tr CabinGOTO Thuc Thi F2 ; Tang goi < v tr CabinThuc Thi E2
BTFSC PORT C,4 ; KT thang may co ang i lenkhong ?
GOTO Thuc Thi G2; Thanh may ang i lenGOTO Xu Ly Xuong ; Thang may ang i xuong
Thuc Thi F2BTFSC PORT C,5 ; KT thang may co ang i
xuong khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi H2; Thang may ang i xuong
GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong ; Thang may ang ilen
Thuc Thi G2CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong
Thuc Thi H2CALL Dieu khien thang xuong
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GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang Xuong;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly khi cac nut goi tang xuong cbam
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xu Ly XuongMOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha
thong tin goiMOWWF COUNTER tang cua cac nut bam goi
tang xuong ,MOVLW 69H bat au t thanh ghi co a
ch 69HMOVWF FSR
Thuc Thi 3
MOVLW 00H ;Co gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ;Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; Co goi tangGOTO Thuc Thi B3 ;Khong co goi tang
Thuc Thi A3DECF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER ,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co
ngh chaGOTO Thuc Thi 3 ; Thang may van con hoat
ong
GOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang ; Thang may a nghThuc Thi B3
MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao W
XORWF INDF,0 ; Tang goi co bang v tr Cabinkhong ?
BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi C3 ; Tang goi bang CabinGOTO Thuc Thi D3; Tang goi khac Cabin
Thuc Thi C3CALL ong Mo Cua ; Thc thi che o qua
giangDECFSZ Nghi,1 ; Kiem tra thang may co
ngh cha ? GOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; Thang mayang hoat ong
GOTO Nghi ; thang may a nghThuc Thi D3
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MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao W
SUBWF INDF,0 ; Tang goi co bang v tr Cabinkhong ?
BTFSC STATUS,0
GOTO Thuc Thi E3 ; Tang goi > CabinGOTO Thuc Thi F3 ; Tang goi < CabinThuc Thi E3
BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Thang co ang i len khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi G3; Thang ang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang
Thuc Thi F3BTFSC PORT C,5 ; Thang co ang i xuong
khong ?GOTO Thuc Thi I3 ; Thang ang xuongGOTO Thuc Thi A3
Thuc Thi G3MOVF INDF,W ; Chuyen gia tr tang goi vaoW
MOVWF SS ; Chuyen gia tr t W vaothanh ghi SS
MOVLW d03 ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi
MOVWF COUNTER 1 tang cua cac nut bam goitang len , bat
MOVLW 66H au t thanh ghi co a ch66H
MOVWF FSRThuc Thi K3MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr thanh ghi W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi J3 ; Khong co goi tangMOVF SS,W ; Co goi tang (chuyen gia tr
t SS vao W)SUBWF SS,W ; So sanh tang goi len hien
hanh co < tangBTFSC STATUS,0
GOTO Thuc Thi L3 ; Tang goi xuong < tang goilenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang
Thuc Thi J3DECF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ;Giam 1 gia tr thanh ghi
COUNTER 1GOTO Thuc Thi K3 ; Cha em xong
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GOTO Thuc Thi A3 ; a em xongThuc Thi L3
CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xu Ly Goi Tang
Thuc Thi I3
CALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xu Ly Goi TangNghi
BCF PORT C,0BCF PORT C,1BCF PORT C,4BCF PORT C,5BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6GOTO Goi tang
Dieu khien thang lenBCF PORT C,1BSF PORT C,0BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6RETURN
Dieu khien thang xuongBCF PORT C,0BSF PORT C,1BCF PORT C,7BSF PORT C,6
RETURN;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------;oan chng trnh x ly ong m ca khi tang goi bang viv tr cua Cabin;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dong Mo CuaBTFSC PORT E,0 ; Kiem tra tn hieu bao dngGOTO Dung ; Co tn hieuGOTO THOAT 1 ;Khong co tn hieu
Dung BCF PORT C,0 ; Thc hien dng thang mayBCF PORT C,1BSF PORT C,7
MoBCF PORT C,2 ; Thc hien m caBSF PORT C,3BTFSCPORTE,1 ; Kiem tra a m het cha?
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GOTO Mo HetBTFSCPORTA,5 ; Nut ong co nhan khong ?GOTO An Dong
An MoBTFSCPORTA,4 ; Nut m co nhan khong ?
GOTO MoGOTO Dong Het ; Quay lai kiem tra a ong hetcha?
Mo HetGOTO DELAY_5s
DongBCF PORTC,2 ;Thc hien ong caBSF PORTC,3GOTO Dong Het
Dong HetBTFSCPORTE,2 ; Kiem tra a ong het cha?
GOTO Dieu Khien Thang MayGOTO An Mo ;Quay lai kiem tra nut m caDELAY 5s
MOVLW b00100000'MOVWF T1CONMOVLW d76MOVWF COUNTER,2
Bat DauMOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1HMOVLW 00H
MOVWF TMR1LBSF T1CON,0KK1
BTFSS PIR1,TMR1IFGOTO KK1BCF PIR1,TMR1IFDECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ; Kiem tra a Delay xongcha ?GOTO An Dong ;Cha Delay xongGOTO Dong ; a Delay xong
An Dong
BTFSCPORT A,5 ; Kiem tra co an ong khong ?GOTO DongGOTO Bat Dau
Dieu Khien Thang MayMOVLW d04 ;Kiem tra Cabin co tang 4
khong ?XORWF Cam bien,W
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BTFSZ STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ; Cabin ang tang 4MOVLW d01 ;Kiem tra Cabin co tang 1
khong ?XORWF Cam bien,W
BTFSZ STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi Len ; Cabin ang tang 1BTFSC PORT C,4 ; Cabin co ang thao tac len
khong ?GOTO Dieu khien lenBTFSC PORT C,5 ; Cabin co ang thao tac xuong
khong ?GOTO Dieu khien xuongGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung
Dieu khien lenMOVLW d09 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha
thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat au
MOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60HMOVWF FSR
Thuc Thi C4MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A4MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cam
bien vao WSUBWF INDF,W ; Tang goi > hay < v tr Cabin
BTFSC STATUS,0GOTO Thuc Thi A4 ; Cabin < tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi B4 ; Cabin > tang goi
Thuc Thi B4MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cam
bien vao WXORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang
tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khong
GOTO Thuc Thi A4 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi Len ;Cabin khong bang tanggoiThuc Thi A4
INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER2,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh
ghi cha ?GOTO Thuc Thi C4 ; Cha so sanh het
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GOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ; a so sanh hetThuc Thi Len
CALL Dieu khien thang lenGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung
Thuc Thi XuongCALL Dieu khien thang xuongGOTO Xoa gia tri tuong ung
Dieu khien xuongMOVLW d09 ; Chon cac thanh ghi cha
thong tin goiMOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tang
xuong bat auMOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60HMOVWF FSR
Thuc Thi C5
MOVLW 00 H ; Cho gia tr W = 0XORWF INDF,0 ; Kiem tra co goi tang khong ?BTFSC STATUS,ZGOTO Thuc Thi A4 ;Co goiMOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cam
bien vao WSUBWF INDF,W ; Tang goi > hay < v tr CabinBTFSC STATUS,0GOTO Thuc Thi B5 ; Cabin < tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi A5 ; Cabin > tang goi
Thuc Thi B5
MOVF Cam bien,W; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi cambien vao WXORWF INDF,0 ;So sanh v tr Cabin co bang
tang goi BTFSC STATUS,Z khongGOTO Thuc Thi A5 ;Cabin bang tang goiGOTO Thuc Thi Xuong ;Cabin khong bang tang
goiThuc Thi A5
INDF FSR ; Tang th t thanh ghi len 1DECFSZ COUNTER2,1; KT a so sanh het cac thanh
ghi cha ?
GOTO Thuc Thi C5 ; Cha so sanh hetGOTO Thuc Thi Len ; a so sanh hetXOA GIA TRI TUONG UNG
MOVLW 09H ; Chon cac thanh ghi chathong tin goi
MOVWF COUNTER 2 tang cua nut bam goi tangxuong bat auMOVLW 60H t thanh ghi co a ch 60H
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MOVWF FSR So Sanh
MOVF Cam bien,W ; Chuyen gia tr thanh ghi Cambien vao WXORWF INDF,W ; Gia tr goi co bang tang
hien hanh khongBTFSCSTATUS,ZGOTO Tuong Ung ; Gia tr goi bang tang hienhanhGOTO Khac ; Gia tr goi khac tang hienhanh;
Tuong UngCLRF INDF ; Xoa gia tr trong thanh ghi ang
so sanhGOTO Khac
Khac
INDF FSR ;Tang th t cac thanh ghi len1DECFSZ COUNTER 2 ,1 ; Giam bien em trong
COUNTER 2GOTO So Sanh ; Bien em cha bang 0GOTO Ket thuc
Ket thuc
DECF Nghi,1 ;Giam gia tr thanh ghi Nghixuong 1 n v
CALL DELAY _1s
THOAT 1DELAY _1sMOVLW b00100000'MOVWF T1CONMOVLW d15MOVWF COUNTER,2
Bat Dau 1MOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1HMOVLW 00HMOVWF TMR1L
BSF T1CON,0KK2BTFSS PIR1,TMR1IFGOTO KK2BCF PIR1,TMR1IFDECFSZ COUNTER 1,1 ; Kiem tra a Delay xongcha ?GOTO Bat Dau 1 ; Cha Delay xong
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GOTO THOAT 2 ; a Delay xongTHOAT 2RETURNEND
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I.ANH GIA E TAI1. Lam c:
Hieu c cau truc va nguyen ly hoat ong
cua thang may
Lap trnh cho thang hoat ong c mot so
ng dung trong thc te.
2. Han che:
Ch ieu khien ao chieu quay ong c ma
cha ieu khien toc o ong c, chang han nh khi cabin
chay gan en tang can en th se giam toc o trc
khi dng lai.
Khong thiet ke he thong an toan nh: bao
qua tai, bao chay, canh bao,
e tai con han che ve so tang
Cha thiet ke chay th tren phan mem mo
phong va phan cng.
II. HNG PHAT TRIEN.
Se khac phuc nhng han che tren
IV. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Gi T h Vi i Khi