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NVQ Level 2 Beauty Therapy
Identifying bones of the skull, neck, chest and shoulder girdle
By Iona Walton
As a therapist performing a facial you need
to have knowledge of the bones that form
the head, neck, chest and shoulder girdle
• After your introduction to the bones of the cranium, face and shoulder girdle the aim of this package is for you to be able to correctly label a diagram and name these bone positions.
The skeleton has 3 main functions:
1. SHAPE – gives the body its shape
2. ATTACHMENT OF MUSCLES
3. PROTECTION of internal organs e.g. skull protects the brain
Bones of the skull
• The 22 bones that make up the head are collectively known as the skull. The skull forms our facial features, supports other structures such as the eyes and protects the brain. They can be divided into two categories:
• Facial bones – 14 bones form the face• Cranial bones – 8 bones form the rest of
the head
Diagram of the Skull
Bones of the Cranium
• Frontal x1
Forms the forehead and upper eye sockets
• Parietal x2
Forms the main part of the top and back (upper sides) of the skull
• Temporal x2
Found at the side of the head, around the ears
Bones of the Cranium
• Sphenoid x1
Forms part of the eye orbit, connects the skull to the face
• Ethmoid x1
Forms the medial portion of the eye orbits, houses the nerves of the eyes, separates the nasal passages
• Occipital x1
Located at the back of the skull
Bones of the craniumBONE POSITION
Frontal x1 Forms the forehead and upper eye sockets
Parietal x2 Forms the main part of the top and back (upper sides) of the skull
Temporal x2 Found at the side of the head, around the ears
Sphenoid x1 Forms part of the eye orbit, connects the skull to the face
Ethmoid x1 Forms the medial portion of the eye orbits, houses the nerves of the eyes, separates the nasal passages
Occipital x1 Located at the back of the skull
Bones of the face
• Mandible x1
The lower jaw bone – only moveable bone in the face
• Maxilla x2
The upper jaw and soft palate of the mouth
• Zygomatic x2
The cheek bones
Bones of the face
Lacrimal x 2
Forms the inner part of the eye
orbit and part of the nasal
passages. Houses the tear ducts
and these link to the nasal
passages
Bones of the face
Palatine x2
Internal bone found behind the
maxilla, forms part of the nasal
cavities & the hard palate of the
mouth
Bones of the face
Vomer x1
Inside the nose, divides the nasal
passages
Bones of the face
Nasal x2
Forms the bridge of the nose
Bones of the faceBone Position
Mandible x1 The lower jaw bone – only moveable bone in the face
Maxilla x2 The upper jaw and soft palate of the mouth
Zygomatic x2 The cheek bones
Turbinate x2 The spongy bones that increase the surface area of the nasal passages
Lacrimal x2 Forms the inner part of the eye orbit and part of the nasal passages. Houses the tear ducts and these link to the nasal passages
Palatine x2 Internal bone found behind the maxilla, forms part of the nasal cavities & the hard palate of the mouth
Vomer x1 Inside the nose, divides the nasal passages
Nasal x2 Forms the bridge of the nose
Bones of the shoulder girdle
Cervical vertebrae x 7
The part of the spine that forms the neck
Clavicle x 2
The collar bone runs from the shoulder to the breast bone, below the neck, part of shoulder girdle
Bones of the shoulder girdle
Sternum x1
The breast bone (dagger shaped),
located in the middle of the chest
Humerus x2
The upper arm
Bones of the shoulder girdle
Scapula x 2
The shoulder blades situated in
the upper back.
Bones of the shoulder girdle, neck and chest
Bones Position
Cervical vertebrae x 7 The part of the spine that forms the neck
Clavicle x 2 The collar bone runs from the shoulder to the breast bone, below the neck, part of shoulder girdle
Sternum x 2 The breast bone, located in the middle of the chest
Scapula x 2 The shoulder blades situated in the upper back.
Humerus x 2 The upper arm
Test Your Knowledge
To assess what you’ve learned have a go at the
following quiz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A: B:skull ribs
£100 The 22 bones that make up the head are collectively
known as__________
C: D:face sternum
Excellent!
Let’s move on to the next question.Click here
Unlucky!
That’s incorrectTry again!
A: B:Just to create more work for you
£200Why do you need to know about the bones of head, neck,
chest and shoulders?
C: D:Just to pass the written exam
To understand underlying structures & to give correct massage
You don’t need to know
Excellent!
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Sorry
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:Ulna Humerus
£300Which is not a bone of the shoulder girdle?
C: D:Scapula Clavicle
Fantastic
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Oh dear!
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:1 2
£500How many zygomatic bones are there?
C: D:4 0
Brilliant
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Sorry
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:Form the main part of top and back of skull
At the back of the skull
£1000Where are the temporal bones?
C: D:Inside the nose At the sides of the head, around the ears
Well done!
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Unlucky!
Think carefullyTry again
A: B:
£2,000Which bone is the mandible?
C: D:
`
B
C
A
D
Super!
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Oh no!
That’s incorrect!Try again
A: B:
£4,000Which is the occipital bone?
C: D:
A
C
B
D
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Incorrect
So near and yet so far!Try again
A: B:Inside nose, divides the nasal passages
Forms the inner part of the eye orbit and part of the nasal passages
£8,000What are the position of the nasal bones_____________
C: D:Forms the bridge of the nose
Behind maxilla, forms part of nasal cavities and the hard palate of the mouth
Very good!
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Sorry!
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:Clavicle Sternum
£16,000Which bone known as the shoulder bone is
situated in the upper back?
C: D:Cervical vertebra Scapula
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A: B:shape protection
£32,000Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton
C: D:heat regulation attachment
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Unfortunately…
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A: B:
£64,000Which is this bone?
C: D:
Ethmoid Palatine
Sphenoid Vomer
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I’m sorry
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:In the upper arm Forming the forehead
£125,000Where are the clavicle bones?
C: D:Running from the shoulder to the breast bone below neck
At the back of the skull
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Incorrect
You should have got that one!
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A: B:
£250,000Which bones are these?…
C: D:
Zygomatic Vomer
Maxilla Sphenoid
Excellent!
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Wrong Choice!
That’s incorrecttry again
A: B:Frontal Turbinate
£500,000Which bone is this?
C: D:Parietal Temporal
?
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Sorry!
That’s incorrectTry again
A: B:
£ 1,000,000 How many cervical vertebrae are there?
C: D:
52
127
Unlucky
You were nearly a millionaire!One last try!
Fantastic!
You have completed this Quiz!
Anatomical Terms
Terminology Description
Eye Orbit In anatomy the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye is situated
Medial Towards the midline
Palate Roof of the mouth
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