Download - British Culture
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INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH CULTURE
October 2009
汇报部门汇报部门汇报部门汇报部门(人人人人):Presented by: Tony Dean
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Some of the Slides in this presentationhave been modified from the original to suit the PDF. presentation format
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ContentContent� What is Culture - Definition
� British Culture - Background� Geography� History� Politics� People� Education� Traditions� Economics� Language� Communication and Media� Food� Etiquette
� British Culture - In the workplace� Meetings� Communication� Problem Solving� Planning� Team Working
� British Culture – Free Time
� British Culture – working in China � Differences in culture – a humorous overview
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What is Culture What is Culture -- DefinitionDefinition
� Culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.
� Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another
� Culture is “the way we do things round here”
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What is the difference between Great Britain, and The United Kingdom?
� Great Britain -is made up ofEngland, Scotland and Wales
� The United Kingdom (UK) is bothGreat Britain, i.e.England,Scotlandand Wales,and Northern Ireland (NI).
� There is no difference betweenthe names Great Britain and Britain
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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The British (UK) flag – sometimes called the Union Jack - is made up from three other flags
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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Geography
Where is Britain?
Manchester, 53o North
Shanghai, 31o North
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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How big is Britain (UK)?
Hunan Province Britain
Area: 211,800km 2
Population: 66,980,000Density: 316/km 2
Area: 244,800km 2
Population: 61,610,000Density: 251/km 2
Geography
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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How big is Britain’s Largest City?
Shanghai London
Area: 1,928km 2
Population: 14,800,000Density: 7,170/km 2
Area: 1,580km 2
Population: 7,620,000Density: 4,860/km 2
Geography
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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Where is SMTC UK based?
Geography
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Birmingham – the second largest city in Britain
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Major Cities
� London - is Britain’s largest city and the capitol with 7,620,000 people� Birmingham with 1,010,000 people.� Glasgow (Scotland) has 640,000 people� Edinburgh (Scotland) has 450,000 people� Liverpool and Manchester 400,000 people each� Belfast (Northern Ireland) has 280,000 people� Cardiff (Wales) has 270,000 people� Scotland has the lowest population density (64/km2). This is the same as Gansu Province
Geography
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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British history
Around 2,000 years ago – The Romans
� 50 BC – 400 (AD) Roman rule has a large impact on England.
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
The Roman Empire was extensive
�Biggest single influence on Britain
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British history
Around 2,000 years ago – The Romans - Continued
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� The Romans moved north and west through British Tribes until they met the fearsome Picts and the cold, wet weather.� They stopped and built Hadrian’s Wall instead.� This area became Scotland!
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British history
�Roman Towns
� London� Manchester� Cambridge� Exeter� Carlisle� Chester� Colchester� York� Newcastle� Bath
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
�These are still Towns or Cities in Britain today
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British historyRoman Roads
today
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackgroundTypical Roman Road
1600 years ago
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British history
1500 - 1000 years ago� 400 – 600AD Anglo-Saxon tribes from Germany displace the Celts and Romans. Many people in England today are of Anglo-Saxon origin. Many people in Scotland and Ireland remain of Celtic origin. � 600 – 800 Christianisation of Britain� 750 – 800 King Offa of Wales created the ‘pound’ (£ sterling).
The pound sterling is the oldest currency still traded,
� 800 – 900 Vikings from Denmark invade and settle in some areas
� 1066 Normans from France invade Britain
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
�THIS WAS THE LAST TIME ANY OTHER COUNTRY
INVADED BRITAIN
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British history
Recent times
� 1707 – Scotland and England joined in a Union� 1733 – the first British colony in America. In 1776 the colony declared independence� 1780s – with the invention of the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity and child labour� 1900 – British empire. Britain had the largest navy in the world
� 1914 – 1960 – The cost of 2 world wars led to the decline of the British Empire and formation of the ‘Commonwealth’
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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British history
Inventions & PatentsOver the past 50 years, Japanese research showed that 40%of discoveries taken up worldwide originated in Britain.Here are a few British inventions…
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� 1804 – Dick Trevithick built the first steam locomotive
� 1698 – Tom Savery invented the first steam engine.Later perfected by Jim Watt in 1775 in Birminghamand led to the Industrial Revolution.Watt’s name is used as a measure of power
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British history
Inventions & Patents
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� 1821 – Mike Faraday invented the electric motor
� 1824 – Joe Aspden patented cement(called Portland Cement) which is the basisof all cement used worldwide today
� 1829 – England formed the first Police Force
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British history
Inventions & Patents
Here are a few British inventions…
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� 1925 – Scotsman John Baird invented the television
� 1846 – Scotsman Bert Thomson patentedthe first pneumatic tyre
� 1902 – Fred Lanchester patented the disc brake
� 1916 – Britain invented the Tank
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British history
Inventions & Patents
Here are a few British inventions…
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� 1989 – Tim Berners-Lee developed the ‘World Wide Web’
� 1935 – Britain patented the radar – the first working system and the basis of modern radar detection today
� 1930 – Frank Whittle invented the jet engine
� 1979 – Kane Kramer took out patent on the ‘IXI’(a 3.5 minute digital music recorder / player – MP3).Later Apple developed the ‘ipod’ from this technology
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Politics
� Government type : Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional Monarch as Head of State.
� The principle behind British democracy is that the people elect Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons, held no more than five years apart. Most MPs belong to a political party, and the party with the largest number of MPs in the House of Commons forms the government� The Government runs the Country
� There are 3 major political parties: Labour – Left Wing politics; Conservative – Right wing politics and Liberal Democrat – Centre politics.
� In recent years Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland also have there own local Parliaments
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Politics (cont)
Mostly destroyed by fire in 1834.Completely rebuilt by 1870.
� Constitution : In 1215 the Magna Carta was written which proclaimed certain rights to all people, but most of the British constitution is unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice.
Palace of Westminster
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Politics (cont)� There are two levels of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of
Lords
House Of Commons House Of Lords
� In order for a Law to be passed it must have a majority in both the Houses of Commons and Lords.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
People
� The population of Britain is approximately - 61,610,000
� Ethnic groups :
� English 81.5%� Scottish 9.6%
� Irish 2.4%
� Welsh 1.9%� Ulster 1.8%
� West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8% (Chinese population in Britain is approximately 250,000)
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
People – Well known British people – Past and Present
William ShakespeareOliver Cromwell Sir Isaac Newton
Admiral Nelson Duke of WellingtonIsambard Brunel James Darwin
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
People – Well known British people – Past and Present
Charles Dickens
Winston Churchill
Margaret Thatcher
Queen Elisabeth II
Stephen HawkinsTony Blair
Diana Princess of Wales
J K Rowling
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Education� By law children between the ages of 5 and 16 receive full-time education (this
will change to 18 years around 2015).
� More than 93% of all students in the Britain attend publicly funded state schools (i.e. free). Private education is available if people wish to pay
� Children have 6 years of education junior school. They normally transfer to high school at around 11 years of age.
� At around 16 years of age students take exams in a range of subjects at GCSE level (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Some subjects are compulsory (English and Mathematics being two).
� At this point students may leave the education system to find employment or may decide to study for 2 more years and take A Level (Advanced Level) exams. A Levels are the minimum requirements for acceptance into a British University.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Further Education� When students attend a University in Britain they have to pay the course fees
(minimum £3,450 per year). After 3 years students sit final exams and can graduate with a Bachelors degree. (Medical students require 4 years study).
� After graduating with a good Bachelors Degree many students spend 1 more year studying for a Masters Degree. This is funded directly by the student themselves or by industrial sponsorship.
� Top class students with good Bachelors Degrees can apply to study at PhD level (Doctorate). This normally requires 3 years of research before being awarded. This is an expensive route for students and most courses tend to be sponsored by the relevant industry.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackgroundTraditionsBritish traditions have developed from two main sources:-
� Christian faith
� Pagan faith – rural or country beliefs, before Christianity
� Some of the more well known are:-
� St Valentines Day
� April Fools Day
� Shrove Tuesday
� Easter
� May Day
� Guy Fawkes Night
� Christmas
� Trooping the Colour – official birthday of our Queen
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Economics� Economy - overview : � Britain a leading trading power and financial centre, is one of the quartet of
trillion dollar economies of Western Europe.
� Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor force.
� Britain has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation.
� Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance.
� Labour force is approximately 29,600,000 � By occupation : agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80%
� In China this is : agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29%
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Language� The most distinct aspect of British culture is that English is the native
language.
� The vocabulary of English is the largest of any language almost 1,000,000 words.
� Since the 16th Century, because of the contact that the British had with many peoples from around the world, many words have entered the language either directly or indirectly. Major languages that havecontributed words to English include Latin, Greek, French, German, Arabic, Hindi (from India) and Italian.
� English is the second most spoken language in the world.
� English is the official language in 53 countries. It is estimated that there are up to 400 million native speakers and up to 1,000 million who use English as a second language. A further 100 million use it as a foreign language. It is the language of international business, science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Language� Also spoken in Britain are
� Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales)� Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
� There is a difference between British English and English that is spoken in the USA and in many other parts of the world � "We (the British and Americans) are two countries separated by a
common language." G.B. Shaw
� For example: Don't comment on British pants!"pants" usually referred to underwear in the UK - not trousers
� In British English, not only do we pronounce the same words differently (accent), we also use different words for the same things making it more a difference in dialect. � Example – Bread roll is also called a – bap; barm; batch;
bun; muffin; breadcake
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Language - Continued� American, Canadian, Australian and the British use a lot of the same
words . . . but they say them differently and/or the words have different meanings.
� Examples are:-
hinged cover over the engine in a car the folding fabric top on a convertible car
hood
basket for clothes that need washing large basket for food hamper
the floor at ground level (often, but not always, the same floor as a building's lobby)
the floor above ground level (US: second floor)
First floor (of a building)
main course of a meal starter of a mealEntree
extracurricular sports teacher at a school (UK: PE teacher)lowest class on a passenger aircraft (UK: economy)
bus with of higher standard of comfort, usually chartered or used for longer journeysrailway carriage
Coach
in a city, the portion of a street between adjacent intersections
a building ( block of flats, office block)
Block
American EnglishBritish English
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Communications and Media� In the Britain there are National newspapers, local newspapers and free
issue newspapers. Sales of newspapers have fallen dramatically from the 1950’s when more than 30 million copies were sold every day.
� Britain has 5 main Terrestrial TV stations. These are BBC1 and 2 (Public Service Broadcasting funded by a TV license fee) and ITV, Ch4 and 5 (commercial channels which are funded by advertising). However there are more than 500 channels available to view in Britain.
� Britain also has many radio stations and with the advent of Digital Radio the number is increasing. The majority of people now prefer to tune into local commercial radio stations rather than Public Service Broadcasting stations which have no advertising (funded as part of the TV license fee).
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Communications and Media
Latest Statistics:
� 537 British Television Channels
� 823 British Radio Stations � 1,606 British Newspapers
� 1,959 Magazines
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Food� Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the day and some have
it in the evening, but most people today have a small mid-day meal - usually sandwiches, and perhaps some crisps and some fruit.
� We have three main meals a day:
� Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00,
� Lunch (or Dinner) - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m.
� Dinner (or Tea) (sometimes called Supper) - The main meal. Eaten anytime between 5:30 and 8:00 p.m.
� However on Sundays traditionally the main meal of the day (Sunday Lunch) is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
FoodTypical Meals� BREAKFAST� What is a typical English Breakfast?� A traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried
bread, mushrooms and baked beans, with a cup of tea. However today breakfast is more likely to be a bowl of cereals , a slice of toast , orange juice and a cup of coffee .
� Many people, especially children, in Britain will eat a bowl of cereal. They are made with different grains such as corn, wheat, oats etc.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Typical English Breakfast?
Most English breakfast are much smaller portions!
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
FoodTypical Meals
� LUNCH� What is a typical British lunch?� Many children at school and adults at work will have a 'packed lunch'. This
typically consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drink. The 'packed lunch' is kept in a plastic container.
� Sandwiches are also known as a 'butty' or 'sarnie' in some parts of the Britain.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
FoodTypical Meals� DINNER
� The evening meal is usually called 'tea', 'dinner' or 'supper'.
� What is a traditional British Dinner?� A typical British meal for dinner is "meat and two veg" . We put hot brown
gravy, (traditionally made from the juices of the roast meat, but more often today from a packet!) on the meat and usually the vegetables. One of the vegetables is almost always potatoes.
� What is a typical British Dinner like today?� The traditional meal is rarely eaten nowadays, apart from on Sundays. A
recent survey found that most people in Britain eat curry! Rice or pasta dishes are now favoured as the 'British Dinner'.
� Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, cabbages and onions, are still very popular.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� Typical Roast Dinner
Food
� Traditional Christmas Dinner
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
� Modern Dinner
Food – 2 of Britain's favorite meals today
� Modern Dinner
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Etiquette - Greetings and Introductions� First impressions are a really important aspect of British culture.
�Introductions �In the business world introductions are based on a person's rank or position in an organisation. Whoever is the highest-ranking person is introduced to everyone else in order of their position.�There might be occasions where you will have to introduce yourself.�For example, if you are meeting a new colleague or an associate, you might start off by extending your hand and saying�"Hello! I am .....".�The British do shake hands, i.e. when first introduced to new people. In an informal situation you may see social kissing (often just a peck on the cheek), this is acceptable between men and women and also between women who know each other very well.
� Reacting to an introduction�The response you give should have the same level of formality as the introduction
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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Etiquette - Eating�In Britain, even today, people are judged by their table manners, especially when eating out or attending formal functions.
�Things you should do:-�Chew and swallow all the food in your mouth before taking more or taking a drink. �If you are at a dinner party wait until your host(ess) starts eating or indicates you
should do so.
�Things you should not do:-•Never chew with your mouth open. •Never talk with food in your mouth. •Never put too much food in your mouth.•Never smoke during a meal. Smoking should not take place until dessert is
finished (in public places it is now against the law to smoke).
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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� Etiquette - Time� British people place considerable value on punctuality.� Since Britons are so time conscious, the pace of life may seem very rushed.� In Britain, people make great effort to arrive on time.� It is often considered impolite to arrive even a few minutes late. If you are unable to keep an appointment, it is expected that you call the person you are meeting.
� You should arrive:� At the exact time specified – for dinner, lunch, or appointments with professors, doctors, and other professionals. � A few minutes early: for public meetings, plays, concerts, movies, sporting events, classes, church services, and weddings. � If you are invited to someone's house for dinner at half past seven, they will expect you to be there on the dot. An invitation might state "7.30 for 8", in which case you should arrive no later than 7.50. However, if an invitation says "sharp", you must arrive in plenty of time.
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Etiquette – General behaviorThings you do:-
� Do stand in line: � In Britain we like to form orderly queues (standing in line) and
wait patiently for our turn e.g. boarding a bus. It is usual to queue when required, and expected that you will take your correct turn and not push in front. 'Queue jumping' is frowned upon.
� Do say "Excuse Me": � If someone is blocking your way and you would like them to move,
say excuse me and they will move out of your way.
� Do say "Please" and "Thank you": � It is very good manners to say "please" and "thank you". It is
considered rude if you don't. You will notice in Britain that we say
'thank you' a lot.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Etiquette – General behavior
Things you do:-
� Do Shake Hands: � When you are first introduced to someone, shake their right
hand with your own right hand. � Do say sorry:
� If you accidentally bump into someone, say 'sorry'. They probably will too, even if it was your fault! This is a habit and can be seen as very amusing by an 'outsider'.
� Do Smile: � A smiling face is a welcoming face.
� Do open doors for other people� Men and women both hold open the door for each other. It
depends on who goes through the door first.� Do cover your Mouth:
� When yawning or coughing always cover your mouth with your hand.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
Etiquette – General behaviour
Things you should not do:-
� Do not greet people with a kiss : � We only kiss people who are close friends and relatives.
� Avoid talking loudly in public� It is also impolite to stare at anyone in public.
� Privacy is highly regarded. Do not ask a lady her age� It is considered impolite to ask a lady her age
� Do not pick your nose in public :� We are disgusted by this. If your nostrils need de-bugging, use a
handkerchief. � Avoid doing gestures such as backslapping and huggin g
� This is only done among close friends. � Do not spit .
� Spitting in the street is considered to be very bad mannered. It is also against the law in Britain
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““Thank youThank you””
Please sit here
Thank you
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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““““We take our turn”
Bus
Stop
HEY YOU to the back - we were here first
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
Time to go
“Who goes first”
After you
Thank you
BritishBritish Culture Culture -- BackgroundBackground
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
� British Culture - In the workplace
� Meetings
� Communication
� Problem Solving
� Planning
� Team Working
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Meetings� The objectives of a meeting are identified at the onset, usually via an
agenda which is issued to all attendees prior to the meeting
� Meetings generally start on time and have an agreed finish time.
� Generally only one discussion in the room at one time
� Mobile phones are put onto silent and are usually not answered in the meeting room
� For formal meetings there is a chair and a secretary. The chairperson is in charge of the meeting and the secretary takes the minutes –these normally include agreed decisions, actions and timescale to be undertaken.
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Communications
� British tend to be direct – “tell it like it is”
� We like to hear the truth – even if it painful
� Open discussions can take place – irrespective of grade or position in Company
� We can be very blunt with our comments – i.e. “it will never work”
� In presentations we will give good and bad news where required
� When decisions are made and agreed we expect them to be honoured
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Problem Solving� Generally within the workplace problem solving will involve using one
of several methods proven to help find ‘root cause’� Such problem solving methods are:-
� Fish bone analysis
� 8D analysis� Brainstorming
� Root cause analysis
� Fault tree analysis
� Usually time will be taken to understand problem and find root cause before solutions are recommended and implemented� This normally will save total time and cost to a solution
� FMEA’s are used to identify potential problems and tasks needed to be done to ensure these problems do not occur with a customer
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Effect(Y)
Management Man Method
Measurement Machine Material
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause
Cause CauseCause
Cause
�Fishbone diagram
Problem Solving - Example
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
�8D Problem Solving Techniques – The 8 steps to soluti on
� The Planning Stage
� Establishing the Team
� Problem Definition / Statement / Description
� Developing Interim Solution / Containment Action
� Identifying and Verifying Root Cause
� Identifying Permanent Corrective Actions
� Implementation and Validation
� Preventative Recurrence Actions
� Recognizing Team Efforts
Problem Solving - Example
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) SHEET Related DocumentModel G SeriesApplication Part Name Abstract Conclusion Date Auth. ReleaseTitle Engine stall out when cold Chief Engr Leader Engineer
High oil pressure wrong oil Oil spec 1 Supply TR 18/1 10/40 A3B3 fitted to all enginesTappet jacking oil pressure relief valve not working Oil pressure 2 Gallery pressure BJ 17/1
Oil pressure hot vs cold 3Tappet sticking in bore incorrect clearance Clearence 4 GA6 failed head SP 18/1
Ex valves jack open debris 5- no compression head distortion High T.to.Turn 6 Cold test results TR Torque to turn within spec
Ex valves stick incorrect guide clearance insufficient clearance Clearence 7 GA6 failed head SP 18/18
carbon build up carbon breaks on valves Deposits 9 GA6 failed head Carbon breaks on valves N/A - happens at zero mileageengine running rich 10
11valves not under control insufficient spring pressure 12 Fitted load/Ex press TR Ex Man max press = 3.1bar max to unseat with cold oil
Engine Stalls Ex valves held off seats insufficient seated load Unseat 13 Fitted load/Ex press TR 20/1 Fitted load ~239N. 3.7bar max with hot oilCam profile causing float Drawing 14 inspection report TR 18/1
high ex manifold pressure REA turbo higher restriction Exhaust press 15 BJ 17/1Normal VNT condition Exhaust press 16 Garrett infoabnormal VNT condition Exhaust press 17 Garrett info
VNT not under control Boost levels 18 Signals/ControlVNT strategy diff hot/cold Boost levels 19 Calibration JF 14/1Boost targets too high for cond'ns Boost levels 20 Calibration
Low intake pressures greater press drop across vlvs 21 Inlet Man Press JF 17/1In cylinder pressures -ve combustion process 22 In Cyl Press
23Excess fuel Calibration problems Air flow not consistent Black smoke 24 Calibration / Inca
AFR not matched 25 Calibration / IncaCombustion not stable 26
incorrect fuel being delivered Drivability/smoke 27 Calibration / IncaSummary of Failure FIE problems incorrect timing Drivability/smoke 28 Calibration / IncaWith coolant below ~65°C MAP sensor not correct 29 Calibration / Incaengine stalls at ~3000rpm under MAF sensor not correct 30 Calibration / Incaload or during free accel 31when attempting to restart, engine 32spins over with the appearance of VNT control not stable REA control not robust Signal vs demand33 REA PWM vs requesthaving no compression. REA not functioning correctly Lever position 34 REA control lever
Turbo in surge VNT shutting completely high ex press 35 Ex Press36
operating outside map boost targets too high High MAP 37 Inlet Press383940
Presumed Failure Mechanism
One of the causes
Failure or Problem
ScheduleAction Plan
Basic Character-
isticsInvestigation ItemN
o.
Per
son
Res
p
Development of Causes (Result - Cause)
Failure Mode (Top)
No ProblemUncertain
Jud
gm
ent
Investigation Result Remarks
X
Problem Solving - Example�Fault tree analysis
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co. 60
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Planning� It is common to ensure a robust plan of actions / activities is
developed so that the project can progress in the most effective way thus ensuring delivery on time and to budget
� British feel uncomfortable with a project which is ‘planned to fail’ i.e. where one of the following will almost certainly occur:-� Project is delayed – owing to, lack of information; no discussion; timing
was unrealistic, etc
� It is encouraged to work as teams – from all disciplines / areas of the Company � People will work ‘outside’ there normal area of responsibility
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co. 61
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– In the workplaceIn the workplace
Team Working
� Team working is seen as a great benefit in the workplace
� Multi disciplined teams can increase efficiently and effective working� Having inputs from various disciplines at the start of a project can ensure
the product is designed to meet, quality, cost, manufacturing assembly needs as well as product targets
� Team working helps to develop understanding of total product cycle requirements
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
� In recent history British have enjoyed more – free time� The working week is typically now 35 to 40 hours over 5 days� EU legislation in some EU Countries limits the working week to a
maximum of 48 hours – the British have ‘opted out’ of this rule
� Free time enables people to enjoy other pleasures of life such as:-� Hobbies� Travel
� Sports
� Some typical free time activities are shown on the next slides
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
British cultureHobbies – Such as:-
� Mountain biking,� Water sports� Socialising� Driving (car or motorbike)� Drinking (beer)� Music� Cars� Reading� British like DIY – Do It Yourself�Walking - British people have the right to walk almost anywhere in Britain, on mountains, moors or coasts� Watching sport e.g. football, and television e.g. Top Gear
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
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British culture
Sports
� Sports Invented in Britain:
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
Football1863
Cricket 1787
Golf 1502
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British culture
Sports
� Sports Invented in Britain:
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
Rugby 1871
Hockey 1860
Badminton 1887Rounders 1889
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
British culture
Sports� Sports Invented in Britain:
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
Lawn Tennis 1859
Bobsleigh 1890
Curling 1541
Darts
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British culture
Sports
� Sports Invented in Britain:
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Free TimeFree Time
Bungee Jumping 1979
Snooker 1875
Table Tennis 1880
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE
A HUMEROUS OVERVIEW
Slides by Yang Liu – Chinese student who lived in Germany and Britain for a period of time
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
Differences in Culture - Punctuality
Punctuality
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
Differences in Culture - Queuing
Queuing
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BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
Differences in Culture – Problem Solving
Problem Solving
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Differences in Culture - Party
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
Restaurants
Differences in Culture - Restaurants
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
Senior Citizens
Differences in Culture – Senior Citizens
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
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The Boss
Differences in Culture – The Boss
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
The Child
Differences in Culture – The Child
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.
Impressions of Others
Differences in Culture – Impressions of Others
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
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The Trend
Differences in Culture – The Trend
BritishBritish Culture Culture –– Working in ChinaWorking in China
上海汽车集团股份有限公司乘用车公司SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co. 79
BritishBritish CultureCulture
THERE IS NO WORLDWIDE RIGHT OR WRONG WAY OF BEHAVING:-
JUST CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Thank You