Download - By: Mohd.imran Husain
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
1/28
by: Mohd.Imran Husain
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
2/28
What is RFID?What is RFID?
RFID is an ADC technology that usesradio-frequency waves to transfer databetween a reader and a movable itemto identify, categorize, track...
RFID is fast, reliable, and does notrequire physical sight or contactbetween reader/scanner and the
tagged item
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
3/28
What Constitutes an RFIDWhat Constitutes an RFID
System?System?
. Tags
. Readers
. EPC Network
. Middleware
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
4/28
----TagsTags
A Tag is a transponder which receives a radio signal and in
response to it sends out a radio signal.
. Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small
amount of data
. Tag can be programmed at manufacture or on installation
. Tag is powered by the high power electromagnetic field generatedby the antennas usually in doorways
. The field allows the chip/antenna to reflect back an extremely weak
signal containing the data
. Collision Detection recognition of multiple tags in the read range
is employed to separately read the individual tags
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
5/28
----ReadersReaders
An RFID reader is a device that is used tointerrogate an RFID tag. The reader has anantenna that emits radio waves; the tagresponds by sending back its data.
The reader has two basic components
. A scanning antenna
. A transceiver with a decoder to interpretthe data
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
6/28
P
P
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
7/28
RFID midilware
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
8/28
Components of an RFID SystemComponents of an RFID System
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
9/28
RFID Operations
Sequence of communication Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands
Reader and tag communicate via RF signal
Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request from the host application)
Carrier signal sent out through the antennas Carrier signal hits tag(s)
Tag receives and modifies carrier signal
sends back modulated signal (Passive Backscatter - FCC and ITU refer to as field
disturbance device)
Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to the Reader
Reader decodes the data
Results returned to the host application
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
10/28
A All T Th
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
11/28
Are All Tags There ags eSame?Same?
Basic Types:ActiveTag transmits radio signalBattery powered memory, radio &
circuitryHigh Read Range (300 feet)
PassiveTag reflects radio signal from reader
Reader poweredShorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
12/28
Frequency Regulation Range Data Speed Comments
125-150 kHz Basically unregulated 10 cm LowAnimal identificationand factory datacollection systems
13.56 MHz
ISM band, differing
power levels and dutycycle
< 1m Low tomoderate
Popular frequency for
I.C. Cards (SmartCards)
433 MHzNon-specific ShortRange Devices (SRD),Location Systems
1 100 m ModerateAsset tracking for U.S.DoD (Pallets)
860-930 MHz
ISM band (Region 2);increasing use inother regions,
differing power levelsand duty cycle
2 5 mModerate to
high
EAN.UCC GTAG,MH10.8.4 (RTI),
AIAG B-11 (Tires)
2450 MHzISM band, differingpower levels and dutycycle
1 2 m HighIEEE 802.11b,Bluetooth, CT,AIAG B-11
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
13/28
Advantages
Uses normal CMOS processing basic and ubiquitous
Relative freedom fromregulatory limitations
Well suited for applicationsrequiring reading small
amounts of data at slowspeeds and minimal distances
Penetrates materials well(water, tissue, wood, aluminum)
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
14/28
Disadvantages:Does not penetrate or transmit around
metals
(iron, steel)Handles only small amounts of data
Slow read speeds
Large Antennas -- compared to higherfrequencies
Minimal Range
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
15/28
Disadvantages:Tag construction:
is thicker (than 13.56 MHz) is more expensive (than 13.56 MHz)
more complex(requires more turns of the induction coil)
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
16/28
13.56 MHz13.56 MHz
AdvantagesUses normal CMOS processing--basic and
ubiquitous
Well suited for applications requiring readingsmall amounts of data and minimal distances
Penetrates water/tissue well
Simpler antenna design (fewer turns of thecoil); lower costs to build
Higher data rate (than 125 kHz--but slowerthan higher MHz systems)
Thinner tag construction (than 125 kHz)
Popular Smart Card frequency
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
17/28
13.56 MHz13.56 MHz
DisadvantagesGovernment regulated frequency
(U.S. and Europe recently harmonized)
Does not penetrate or transmit aroundmetals
Large Antennas (compared to higherfrequencies)
Larger tag size than higher frequenciesTag construction: requires more than one
surface to complete a circuit
Reading Range of 0.7 m
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
18/28
>300 MHz 300 MHz 1mTag size smaller than 13.56 MHz
Smaller antennasRange: licensed to 20-40' withreasonable sized tag (stamp toeraser size). Unlicensed 3-5 m.
Good non-line-of-sightcommunication (except forconductive, "lossy" materials)
High data rate; Large amountsof data
Controlled read zone (throughantenna directionality)
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
19/28
>300 MHz 300 MHz
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
20/28
2.45 GHz2.45 GHz
AdvantagesTag size smaller than inductive or
lower range UHF (1"x 1/4")
Range: greater range thaninductive w/o battery
More bandwidth than lowerrange UHF (more
frequencies to hop)Smaller antennas than lower
range UHF or inductive
High data rate
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
21/28
2.45 GHz2.45 GHz
Disadvantages
More susceptible to electronic noise than lower UHFbands, e.g. 433 MHz, 860-930 MHz
Shared spectrum with other technologies--
microwave ovens, RLANS, TV devices, etc.Requires non-interfering, "good neighbor"
tactics like FHSS
Competitive requirement: single chip--highly technical;limited number of vendors
Regulatory approvals still "in process"
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
22/28
ApplicationsApplications
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
23/28
Portal ApplicationsPortal Applications
Bill of Lading
Material Tracking
onveyor ssem yv y y
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
24/28
onveyor ssem yv y yLineLine
Read / Write OperationsHigher Accuracy than Bar Code
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
25/28
Application ExamplesApplication Examples
Wireless / Batch
Inventory Management
Material Handling
By Destination
Material Handling
Inspecting / MaintainingMaterial Handling
Aggregate / De-aggregate
Where is it? What is it?What is inside the box?
Where is it going? Where has it been?
Should it be here?
What have I assembled or disassembled?
How many do I have? Do I have enough?
Has this been repaired?
Is this under warrantee?
Has this been inspected?
Is this complete?
What is the assets status or state?
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
26/28
Shipping ValidationShipping Validation
Tote/Box/Unit Level Inventory
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
27/28
-
8/14/2019 By: Mohd.imran Husain
28/28
Thank You!
???